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Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Cooper, GS; Dooley, MA; Treadwell, EL; St Clair, EW; Gilkeson, GS
Published in: J Rheumatol
December 2001

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoking and hair treatments (dyes, permanents) and risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Patients (n = 265) diagnosed between January 1, 1995, and July 31, 1999, were recruited through 4 university based and 30 community based rheumatology practices in eastern North Carolina and South Carolina. Controls (n = 355) were identified through driver's license records and were frequency matched to patients by age, sex, and state. Data collection included a 60 min in-person interview. Analyses were limited to experiences that occurred before age at diagnosis (patients) or reference age (controls). Because the prevalence of use of hair treatments among men was very low, the analyses of those exposures were limited to women. RESULTS: There was no association with smoking history and risk of developing SLE when analyzed as status (current, former, or never-smoker) or measures of dose (duration or pack-years). Use of permanent hair dyes in women was associated with a small increased risk of developing SLE (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0, 2.2). This association increased with longer duration of use (compared with nonusers, OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0, 2.7 for 6 or more years). There was little evidence of an association between SLE and use of temporary dyes or of permanents and straighteners. CONCLUSION: These results suggest at most a weak association between SLE risk and permanent hair dyes or smoking. Genetic variability in the metabolism of these products may be important to assess in future studies.

Duke Scholars

Published In

J Rheumatol

ISSN

0315-162X

Publication Date

December 2001

Volume

28

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2653 / 2656

Location

Canada

Related Subject Headings

  • South Carolina
  • Smoking
  • Risk Factors
  • North Carolina
  • Male
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
  • Humans
  • Hair Dyes
  • Female
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
 

Citation

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Cooper, G. S., Dooley, M. A., Treadwell, E. L., St Clair, E. W., & Gilkeson, G. S. (2001). Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol, 28(12), 2653–2656.
Cooper, G. S., M. A. Dooley, E. L. Treadwell, E. W. St Clair, and G. S. Gilkeson. “Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus.J Rheumatol 28, no. 12 (December 2001): 2653–56.
Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS. Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2001 Dec;28(12):2653–6.
Cooper, G. S., et al. “Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus.J Rheumatol, vol. 28, no. 12, Dec. 2001, pp. 2653–56.
Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS. Smoking and use of hair treatments in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2001 Dec;28(12):2653–2656.

Published In

J Rheumatol

ISSN

0315-162X

Publication Date

December 2001

Volume

28

Issue

12

Start / End Page

2653 / 2656

Location

Canada

Related Subject Headings

  • South Carolina
  • Smoking
  • Risk Factors
  • North Carolina
  • Male
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
  • Humans
  • Hair Dyes
  • Female
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug