Recognizing obstructive sleep apnea in children.
Obstructive sleep apnea in children (OSAS) is a common, though complex, disorder. It accounts for approximately 85% of childhood sleep apnea, affecting an estimated 1% to 3% of children, 20% to 30% of whom have clinically significant problems of inattention and hyperactivity. This article discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, physical examination differential diagnosis and diagnostic workup, and sequelae of OSAS as well as management options. An American Academy of Pediatrics recently released algorithm on the "Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome" and an illustrative case study complete the article, providing important information to practicing nurse practitioners and other clinicians.
