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Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Smith, PJ; Blumenthal, JA; Babyak, MA; Hoffman, BM; Doraiswamy, PM; Waugh, R; Hinderliter, A; Sherwood, A
Published in: Psychosom Med
2007

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs), endothelial function, carotid artery intima medial thickness (IMT), and neuropsychological performance in a sample of 198 middle-aged and older individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuropsychological deficits are common among adults with MDD, particularly among those with CVRFs and potentially persons with subclinical vascular disease. METHODS: CVRFs were indexed by the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) and serum cholesterol levels obtained by medical history and physical examination. Patients completed a neuropsychological test battery including measures of executive functioning, working memory, and verbal recall. Vascular function was indexed by carotid artery IMT and brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between CVRFs, vascular disease, and neurocognitive performance. RESULTS: Greater FSRP scores were associated with poorer executive functioning (b = -0.86; p = .041) and working memory (b = -0.90; p = .024). Lower high-density lipoprotein levels also were associated with poorer executive functioning (b = 1.03; p = .035). Higher IMT (b = -0.83; p = .028) and lower FMD (b = 1.29; p = .032) were associated with poorer executive functioning after controlling for CVRFs. Lower FMD was also associated with poorer working memory (b = 1.58; p = .015). CONCLUSIONS: Greater CVRFs were associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. Vascular dysfunction also was associated with neuropsychological decrements independent of traditional CVRFs.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Psychosom Med

DOI

EISSN

1534-7796

Publication Date

2007

Volume

69

Issue

6

Start / End Page

578 / 586

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • United States
  • Risk Factors
  • Regression Analysis
  • Psychiatry
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Hoffman, B. M., Doraiswamy, P. M., Waugh, R., … Sherwood, A. (2007). Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression. Psychosom Med, 69(6), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31812f7b8e
Smith, Patrick J., James A. Blumenthal, Michael A. Babyak, Benson M. Hoffman, P Murali Doraiswamy, Robert Waugh, Alan Hinderliter, and Andrew Sherwood. “Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression.Psychosom Med 69, no. 6 (2007): 578–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31812f7b8e.
Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hoffman BM, Doraiswamy PM, Waugh R, et al. Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(6):578–86.
Smith, Patrick J., et al. “Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression.Psychosom Med, vol. 69, no. 6, 2007, pp. 578–86. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31812f7b8e.
Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hoffman BM, Doraiswamy PM, Waugh R, Hinderliter A, Sherwood A. Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(6):578–586.

Published In

Psychosom Med

DOI

EISSN

1534-7796

Publication Date

2007

Volume

69

Issue

6

Start / End Page

578 / 586

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • United States
  • Risk Factors
  • Regression Analysis
  • Psychiatry
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical