Adult dual umbilical cord blood transplantation using myeloablative total body irradiation (1350 cGy) and fludarabine conditioning.

High treatment-related mortality (TRM) and high graft failure rate are serious concerns in HLA-mismatched umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation with myeloablative conditioning. We conducted a prospective trial of dual UCB transplantation using modified myeloablation consisting of total-body irradiation (TBI; 1350 cGy) and fludarabine (Flu) (160 mg/m(2)). Twenty-seven patients (median age, 33 years; range: 20-58 years) with hematologic malignancies were enrolled. The median combined cryopreserved total nucleated cell (TNC) dose was 4.3 × 10(7)/kg (range: 3.2-7.7 × 10(7)/kg). The cumulative incidences of neutrophil (≥500/μL) and platelet (≥50,000/μL) engraftment were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-91%) and 68% (95% CI, 46%-83%), respectively. Among engrafted patients, a single cord blood unit was predominant by 100 days posttransplantation. A higher cryopreserved and infused TNC dose and infused CD3(+) cell dose were significant factors associated with the predominant UCB unit (P = .032, .020, and .042, respectively). TRM and relapse rates at 2 years were 28% (95% CI, 12%-47%) and 20% (95% CI, 7%-37%), respectively. Cumulative incidences of grades II-IV and grades III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were 37% (95% CI, 20%-55%) and 11% (95% CI, 3%-26%), respectively, and that of chronic GVHD was 31% (95% CI, 15%-49%). With a median follow-up of 23 months, overall survival and disease-free survival rates at 2 years were 58% (95% CI, 34%-75%) and 52% (95% CI, 29%-70%), respectively. This study supports the use of TBI 1350 cGy/Flu as an alternative to conventional myeloablative conditioning for dual UCB transplantation.

Duke Scholars

Author Cristina Gasparetto Medicine, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy

Author Gwynn Douglas Long Medicine, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy

Author Keith Michael Sullivan Medicine, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy

Author Donna Niedzwiecki Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Division of Biostatistics

Author Nelson Jen An Chao Medicine, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy

Author Mitchell Eric Horwitz Medicine, Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy