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Lesser toe deformities.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Shirzad, K; Kiesau, CD; DeOrio, JK; Parekh, SG
Published in: J Am Acad Orthop Surg
August 2011

Lesser toe deformities are caused by alterations in normal anatomy that create an imbalance between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Causes include improper shoe wear, trauma, genetics, inflammatory arthritis, and neuromuscular and metabolic diseases. Typical deformities include mallet toe, hammer toe, claw toe, curly toe, and crossover toe. Abnormalities associated with the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints include hallux valgus of the first MTP joint and instability of the lesser MTP joints, especially the second toe. Midfoot and hindfoot deformities (eg, cavus foot, varus hindfoot, valgus hindfoot with forefoot pronation) may be present, as well. Nonsurgical management focuses on relieving pressure and correcting deformity with various appliances. Surgical management is reserved for patients who fail nonsurgical treatment. Options include soft-tissue correction (eg, tendon transfer) as well as bony procedures (eg, joint resection, fusion, metatarsal shortening), or a combination of techniques.

Duke Scholars

Published In

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

DOI

ISSN

1067-151X

Publication Date

August 2011

Volume

19

Issue

8

Start / End Page

505 / 514

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toes
  • Toe Joint
  • Tendon Transfer
  • Osteotomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Metatarsophalangeal Joint
  • Joint Instability
  • Humans
  • Hammer Toe Syndrome
 

Citation

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Shirzad, K., Kiesau, C. D., DeOrio, J. K., & Parekh, S. G. (2011). Lesser toe deformities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 19(8), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201108000-00006
Shirzad, Khalid, Carter D. Kiesau, James K. DeOrio, and Selene G. Parekh. “Lesser toe deformities.J Am Acad Orthop Surg 19, no. 8 (August 2011): 505–14. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201108000-00006.
Shirzad K, Kiesau CD, DeOrio JK, Parekh SG. Lesser toe deformities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Aug;19(8):505–14.
Shirzad, Khalid, et al. “Lesser toe deformities.J Am Acad Orthop Surg, vol. 19, no. 8, Aug. 2011, pp. 505–14. Pubmed, doi:10.5435/00124635-201108000-00006.
Shirzad K, Kiesau CD, DeOrio JK, Parekh SG. Lesser toe deformities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011 Aug;19(8):505–514.

Published In

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

DOI

ISSN

1067-151X

Publication Date

August 2011

Volume

19

Issue

8

Start / End Page

505 / 514

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toes
  • Toe Joint
  • Tendon Transfer
  • Osteotomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Metatarsophalangeal Joint
  • Joint Instability
  • Humans
  • Hammer Toe Syndrome