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Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Switzer, WM; Salemi, M; Shanmugam, V; Gao, F; Cong, M-E; Kuiken, C; Bhullar, V; Beer, BE; Vallet, D; Gautier-Hion, A; Tooze, Z; Villinger, F ...
Published in: Nature
March 17, 2005

Although parasite-host co-speciation is a long-held hypothesis, convincing evidence for long-term co-speciation remains elusive, largely because of small numbers of hosts and parasites studied and uncertainty over rates of evolutionary change. Co-speciation is especially rare in RNA viruses, in which cross-species transfer is the dominant mode of evolution. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ubiquitous, non-pathogenic retroviruses that infect all primates. Here we test the co-speciation hypothesis in SFVs and their primate hosts by comparing the phylogenies of SFV polymerase and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II from African and Asian monkeys and apes. The phylogenetic trees were remarkably congruent in both branching order and divergence times, strongly supporting co-speciation. Molecular clock calibrations revealed an extremely low rate of SFV evolution, 1.7 x 10(-8) substitutions per site per year, making it the slowest-evolving RNA virus documented so far. These results indicate that SFVs might have co-speciated with Old World primates for at least 30 million years, making them the oldest known vertebrate RNA viruses.

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Published In

Nature

DOI

EISSN

1476-4687

Publication Date

March 17, 2005

Volume

434

Issue

7031

Start / End Page

376 / 380

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Time Factors
  • Spumavirus
  • Species Specificity
  • Primates
  • Phylogeny
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Host-Parasite Interactions
  • Genes, Viral
  • General Science & Technology
  • Evolution, Molecular
 

Citation

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Switzer, W. M., Salemi, M., Shanmugam, V., Gao, F., Cong, M.-E., Kuiken, C., … Heneine, W. (2005). Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates. Nature, 434(7031), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03341
Switzer, William M., Marco Salemi, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Feng Gao, Mian-Er Cong, Carla Kuiken, Vinod Bhullar, et al. “Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates.Nature 434, no. 7031 (March 17, 2005): 376–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03341.
Switzer WM, Salemi M, Shanmugam V, Gao F, Cong M-E, Kuiken C, et al. Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):376–80.
Switzer, William M., et al. “Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates.Nature, vol. 434, no. 7031, Mar. 2005, pp. 376–80. Pubmed, doi:10.1038/nature03341.
Switzer WM, Salemi M, Shanmugam V, Gao F, Cong M-E, Kuiken C, Bhullar V, Beer BE, Vallet D, Gautier-Hion A, Tooze Z, Villinger F, Holmes EC, Heneine W. Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):376–380.
Journal cover image

Published In

Nature

DOI

EISSN

1476-4687

Publication Date

March 17, 2005

Volume

434

Issue

7031

Start / End Page

376 / 380

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Time Factors
  • Spumavirus
  • Species Specificity
  • Primates
  • Phylogeny
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Host-Parasite Interactions
  • Genes, Viral
  • General Science & Technology
  • Evolution, Molecular