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Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gao, F; Bailes, E; Robertson, DL; Chen, Y; Rodenburg, CM; Michael, SF; Cummins, LB; Arthur, LO; Peeters, M; Shaw, GM; Sharp, PM; Hahn, BH
Published in: Nature
February 4, 1999

The human AIDS viruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) represent cross-species (zoonotic) infections. Although the primate reservoir of HIV-2 has been clearly identified as the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), the origin of HIV-1 remains uncertain. Viruses related to HIV-1 have been isolated from the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), but only three such SIVcpz infections have been documented, one of which involved a virus so divergent that it might represent a different primate lentiviral lineage. In a search for the HIV-1 reservoir, we have now sequenced the genome of a new SIVcpzstrain (SIVcpzUS) and have determined, by mitochondrial DNA analysis, the subspecies identity of all known SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees. We find that two chimpanzee subspecies in Africa, the central P. t. troglodytes and the eastern P. t. schweinfurthii, harbour SIVcpz and that their respective viruses form two highly divergent (but subspecies-specific) phylogenetic lineages. All HIV-1 strains known to infect man, including HIV-1 groups M, N and O, are closely related to just one of these SIVcpz lineages, that found in P. t. troglodytes. Moreover, we find that HIV-1 group N is a mosaic of SIVcpzUS- and HIV-1-related sequences, indicating an ancestral recombination event in a chimpanzee host. These results, together with the observation that the natural range of P. t. troglodytes coincides uniquely with areas of HIV-1 group M, N and O endemicity, indicate that P. t. troglodytes is the primary reservoir for HIV-1 and has been the source of at least three independent introductions of SIVcpz into the human population.

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Published In

Nature

DOI

ISSN

0028-0836

Publication Date

February 4, 1999

Volume

397

Issue

6718

Start / End Page

436 / 441

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Zoonoses
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Recombination, Genetic
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Phylogeny
  • Pan troglodytes
 

Citation

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Gao, F., Bailes, E., Robertson, D. L., Chen, Y., Rodenburg, C. M., Michael, S. F., … Hahn, B. H. (1999). Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature, 397(6718), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1038/17130
Gao, F., E. Bailes, D. L. Robertson, Y. Chen, C. M. Rodenburg, S. F. Michael, L. B. Cummins, et al. “Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes.Nature 397, no. 6718 (February 4, 1999): 436–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/17130.
Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Chen Y, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF, et al. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature. 1999 Feb 4;397(6718):436–41.
Gao, F., et al. “Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes.Nature, vol. 397, no. 6718, Feb. 1999, pp. 436–41. Pubmed, doi:10.1038/17130.
Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Chen Y, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF, Cummins LB, Arthur LO, Peeters M, Shaw GM, Sharp PM, Hahn BH. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature. 1999 Feb 4;397(6718):436–441.
Journal cover image

Published In

Nature

DOI

ISSN

0028-0836

Publication Date

February 4, 1999

Volume

397

Issue

6718

Start / End Page

436 / 441

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Zoonoses
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Recombination, Genetic
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Phylogeny
  • Pan troglodytes