Advanced biochip: Principle and applications in medical diagnostics and pathogen detection
An important factor in medical diagnostics is rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of biochemical substances (proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids), biological species or living systems (bacteria, virus or related components) at trace levels in biological samples (e.g., tissues, blood and other bodily fluids). This manuscript provides an overview of the operating principle and application of an integrated multi-functional biochip based on integrated circuit complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor array for use in medical diagnostics and pathogen detection. The usefulness and potential of the biochip as a rapid diagnostic tool at the physician's office and as a practical, inexpensive screening tool for pathogens under field conditions are discussed.