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Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Thomsen, MS; Wernberg, T; Altieri, A; Tuya, F; Gulbransen, D; McGlathery, KJ; Holmer, M; Silliman, BR
Published in: Integrative and comparative biology
August 2010

The importance of positive interactions is increasingly acknowledged in contemporary ecology. Most research has focused on direct positive effects of one species on another. However, there is recent evidence that indirect positive effects in the form of facilitation cascades can also structure species abundances and biodiversity. Here we conceptualize a specific type of facilitation cascade-the habitat cascade. The habitat cascade is defined as indirect positive effects on focal organisms mediated by successive facilitation in the form of biogenic formation or modification of habitat. Based on a literature review, we demonstrate that habitat cascades are a general phenomenon that enhances species abundance and diversity in forests, salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and seaweed beds. Habitat cascades are characterized by a hierarchy of facilitative interactions in which a basal habitat former (typically a large primary producer, e.g., a tree) creates living space for an intermediate habitat former (e.g., an epiphyte) that in turn creates living space for the focal organisms (e.g., spiders, beetles, and mites). We then present new data on a habitat cascade common to soft-bottom estuaries in which a relatively small invertebrate provides basal habitat for larger intermediate seaweeds that, in turn, generate habitat for focal invertebrates and epiphytes. We propose that indirect positive effects on focal organisms will be strongest when the intermediate habitat former is larger and different in form and function from the basal habitat former. We also discuss how humans create, modify, and destroy habitat cascades via global habitat destruction, climatic change, over-harvesting, pollution, or transfer of invasive species. Finally, we outline future directions for research that will lead to a better understanding of habitat cascades.

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Published In

Integrative and comparative biology

DOI

EISSN

1557-7023

ISSN

1540-7063

Publication Date

August 2010

Volume

50

Issue

2

Start / End Page

158 / 175

Related Subject Headings

  • Invertebrates
  • Introduced Species
  • Humans
  • Human Activities
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecosystem
  • Climate Change
  • Aquatic Organisms
  • Animals
  • 3109 Zoology
 

Citation

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Thomsen, M. S., Wernberg, T., Altieri, A., Tuya, F., Gulbransen, D., McGlathery, K. J., … Silliman, B. R. (2010). Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(2), 158–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq042
Thomsen, Mads S., Thomas Wernberg, Andrew Altieri, Fernando Tuya, Dana Gulbransen, Karen J. McGlathery, Marianne Holmer, and Brian R. Silliman. “Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification.Integrative and Comparative Biology 50, no. 2 (August 2010): 158–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq042.
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Altieri A, Tuya F, Gulbransen D, McGlathery KJ, et al. Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification. Integrative and comparative biology. 2010 Aug;50(2):158–75.
Thomsen, Mads S., et al. “Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification.Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol. 50, no. 2, Aug. 2010, pp. 158–75. Epmc, doi:10.1093/icb/icq042.
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Altieri A, Tuya F, Gulbransen D, McGlathery KJ, Holmer M, Silliman BR. Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification. Integrative and comparative biology. 2010 Aug;50(2):158–175.
Journal cover image

Published In

Integrative and comparative biology

DOI

EISSN

1557-7023

ISSN

1540-7063

Publication Date

August 2010

Volume

50

Issue

2

Start / End Page

158 / 175

Related Subject Headings

  • Invertebrates
  • Introduced Species
  • Humans
  • Human Activities
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecosystem
  • Climate Change
  • Aquatic Organisms
  • Animals
  • 3109 Zoology