Four-dimensional superquadric-based cardiac phantom for monte carlo simulation of radiological imaging systems
A four-dimensional (x,y,z,t) composite superquadric-based object model of the human heart for Monte Carlo simulation-of radiological imaging systems has been developed. The phantom models the real temporal geometric conditions of a beating heart for frame rates up to 32 per cardiac cycle. Phantom objects are described by boolean combinations of superquadric ellipsoid sections. Moving spherical coordinate systems are chosen to model wall movement whereby points of the ventricle and atria walls are assumed to move towards a moving center-of-grayity point. Due to the non-static coordinate systems, the atrial/ventricular valve plane of the mathematical heart phantom moves up and down along the left ventricular long axis resulting in reciprocal emptying and filling of atria and ventricles. Compared to the base movement, the epicardial apex as well as the superior atria area are almost fixed in space. Since geometric parameters of the objects are directly applied on intersection calculations of the photon ray with object boundaries during Monte Carlo simulation, no phantom discretization artifacts are involved. © 1999 IEEE.
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Related Subject Headings
- Nuclear & Particles Physics
- 5106 Nuclear and plasma physics
- 0903 Biomedical Engineering
- 0299 Other Physical Sciences
- 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Citation
Published In
DOI
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Related Subject Headings
- Nuclear & Particles Physics
- 5106 Nuclear and plasma physics
- 0903 Biomedical Engineering
- 0299 Other Physical Sciences
- 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics