Book section · January 1, 2023
The diagnosis of a brain tumor is challenging for any patient, but it is especially challenging for a pregnant woman. It is a dramatic and difficult event for her and her family as well as the medical team taking care of her. The unique physiologic state o ...
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Book section · January 1, 2022
More than 2.1 million Americans sustain accident-related injuries each year. Approximately 10% of these patients die and 11,000–15,000 of them are left with spinal cord injuries. Since the 1990s there has been increased focus on facilitating the neurologic ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most common and effective spine procedures performed, indicated for the treatment of cervical degenerative disk disease. Patients frequently present with neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy s ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
Approximately 500,000 deaths occur per year from complications of metastatic disease. It is estimated that among living cancer patients, 10% experience symptomatic secondary metastases, with the most common sites of distant metastases being the liver, lung ...
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Book section · January 1, 2020
Metastases represent the most prevalent form of spinal neoplasia. The majority of cases occur in the thoracic spine and with a peak incidence in males during the fourth to sixth decade of life. Increased survival times across multiple cancer subtypes have ...
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Book section · May 7, 2019
Posterior cervical foraminotomy was first described in the mid-twentieth century as a treatment for symptomatic neural foraminal stenosis. This technique is best used in cases of posterior or lateral compression of the nerve root. Because of its high rate ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the anatomy and epidemiology of odontoid fractures, to review indications and contraindications for anterior screw fixation, and to describe common procedural pitfalls of this surgery. ...
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Book section · January 1, 2018
The sacrum plays a dynamic role in protecting the pelvic viscera, distributing load, and adjoining the spinal column to the pelvis and encompasses nerves with motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Metastatic spine disease of the sacrum is more common th ...
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Book section · January 1, 2017
Incidental durotomy is one of the most common intraoperative complications in spine surgery, including deformity surgery. Unrecognized tears or tears that fail to seal in spite of treatment may result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula formation and leak ...
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Book section · January 1, 2017
As the number of elderly continues to increase in the USA, the number of people affected by adult deformity is expected to rise. In the USA, as many as 60 % of the elderly demonstrate some degree of adult spinal deformity (ASD) [1]. Adult spinal deformity, ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
The degeneration of the intervertebral disc results from several multifactorial pathophysiologic processes. Here, we discuss the anatomy of the intervertebral disc along with a presentation of several pathologic processes including vascular insufficiency ( ...
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Book section · July 1, 2015
The role of immunotherapy in oncology has rapidly expanded over the past century. The old paradigm posited the brain to be an "immune-privileged" location, as the tumor microenvironment has been shown to be highly immunosuppressive in nature. However, more ...
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Book section · January 1, 2012
In the average human, the total body water is about 60% of the body weight [1]. The brain is highly sensitive to the amount and distribution of water in the intracranial space. The intracranial space enclosing the brain has a capacity of about 1600–1700 ml ...
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Book section · January 1, 2012
Advances in neuroimaging have greatly improved the management of hydrocephalus. The various imaging modalities are useful in confirming the diagnosis, determining the etiology of hydrocephalus, providing intraoperative guidance, and improving the follow-up ...
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Book section · January 1, 2012
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures performed, and has been used for many years with excellent results in the treatment of multiple forms of hydrocephalus in both pediatric and adult patients. However, desp ...
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Book section · January 1, 2012
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by the presence of ventriculomegaly associated with the triad of gait, memory, and urinary problems in the absence of a detectable cause. There is a group of individuals with longstanding compensated hyd ...
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