Matthew L Becker | Scholars@Duke

Matthew L Becker
Professor of Chemistry

The Becker Laboratory for Functional Biomaterials is a multidisciplinary organic materials group working at the interface of chemistry, organic materials and medicine. We are developing families of degradable polymers with highly tunable physical and biological properties that are being applied to unmet needs in bone, soft tissue, neural and vascular tissue engineering. We are also actively engages in additive manufacturing and the development of custom inks that are enabling unique solutions to challenging design paradigms in biomaterials and drug delivery.

Current Research Interests

Polymer chemistry; bioconjugate chemistry; molecular imaging and additive manufacturing
Materials for bone, soft tissue, neural and vascular tissue engineering
Drug and protein delivery
Degradable materials for flexible electronics

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2019
Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2019
Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2019

Contact Information

B120 Levine Science Res Center, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708
B120 Levine Science Res Center, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708
matthew.l.becker@duke.edu (919) 681-3812

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Washington University in St. Louis 2003
- M.A., Washington University in St. Louis 2000
- B.S., Northwest Missouri State University 1998
Duke Appointment History
- Scholar In Residence of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2019
Recognition
In the News
- APR 14, 2020
  
  Duke Awards 29 University Distinguished Professorships
- OCT 15, 2019 Duke Stories
  
  New Faculty, Bold Thinking
Awards & Honors
Research
Selected Grants
- University Training Program in Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 2022
- Trust in Flexible Electronic Devices and Additive Manufacturing awarded by University of Akron 2019 - 2021
- Modified Lens Fluids and Materials awarded by Adaptilens, LLC 2020 - 2021
External Relationships
- 21MedTech
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Nikam, Shantanu P., Karissa Nettleton, Jeffrey I. Everitt, Hazel A. Barton, and Matthew L. Becker. “Antibiotic eluting poly(ester urea) films for control of a model cardiac implantable electronic device infection.” Acta Biomater 111 (July 15, 2020): 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.025.
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  - Nikam, Shantanu P., Peiru Chen, Karissa Nettleton, Yen-Hao Hsu, and Matthew L. Becker. “Zwitterion Surface-Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane for Antifouling Catheter Applications.” Biomacromolecules 21, no. 7 (July 2020): 2714–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00456.
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  - Worch, Joshua C., Andrew C. Weems, Jiayi Yu, Maria C. Arno, Thomas R. Wilks, Robert T. R. Huckstepp, Rachel K. O’Reilly, Matthew L. Becker, and Andrew P. Dove. “Elastomeric polyamide biomaterials with stereochemically tuneable mechanical properties and shape memory.” Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 3250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16945-8.
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  - Shin, Y., and M. L. Becker. “Alternating ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides with saturated and unsaturated cyclic anhydrides: Reduced viscosity poly(propylene fumarate) oligomers for use in cDLP 3D printing.” Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 19 (May 21, 2020): 3313–21. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0py00453g.
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  - Le Fer, Gaëlle, and Matthew L. Becker. “4D Printing of Resorbable Complex Shape-Memory Poly(propylene fumarate) Star Scaffolds.” Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 20 (May 2020): 22444–52. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01444.
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  - Zhu, T., Y. Yang, L. Zheng, L. Liu, M. L. Becker, and X. Gong. “Solution-Processed Flexible Broadband Photodetectors with Solution-Processed Transparent Polymeric Electrode.” Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 15 (April 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909487.
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  - Stubbs, C. J., J. C. Worch, H. Prydderch, M. L. Becker, and A. P. Dove. “Unsaturated Poly(ester-urethanes) with Stereochemically Dependent Thermomechanical Properties.” Macromolecules 53, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 174–81. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01700.
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  - Wang, K., L. Zheng, T. Zhu, L. Liu, M. L. Becker, and X. Gong. “High performance perovskites solar cells by hybrid perovskites co-crystallized with poly(ethylene oxide).” Nano Energy 67 (January 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104229.
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  - Kleinfehn, Alex P., Jan A. Lammel Lindemann, Ali Razvi, Phinu Philip, Katelyn Richardson, Karissa Nettleton, Matthew L. Becker, and David Dean. “Modulating Bioglass Concentration in 3D Printed Poly(propylene fumarate) Scaffolds for Post-Printing Functionalization with Bioactive Functional Groups.” Biomacromolecules 20, no. 12 (December 2019): 4345–52. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00941.
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  - Silantyeva, Elena A., Rebecca K. Willits, and Matthew L. Becker. “Postfabrication Tethering of Molecular Gradients on Aligned Nanofibers of Functional Poly(ε-caprolactone)s.” Biomacromolecules 20, no. 12 (December 2019): 4494–4501. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01264.
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  - Dreger, Nathan Z., Zachary K. Zander, Yen-Hao Hsu, Derek Luong, Peiru Chen, Nancy Le, Trenton Parsell, et al. “Zwitterionic amino acid-based Poly(ester urea)s suppress adhesion formation in a rat intra-abdominal cecal abrasion model.” Biomaterials 221 (November 2019): 119399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119399.
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  - Guerra, Antonio J., Jan Lammel-Lindemann, Alex Katko, Alex Kleinfehn, Ciro A. Rodriguez, Luiz H. Catalani, Matthew L. Becker, Joaquim Ciurana, and David Dean. “Optimization of photocrosslinkable resin components and 3D printing process parameters.” Acta Biomaterialia 97 (October 2019): 154–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.045.
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  - Motta, Cecilia M. M., Kevin J. Endres, Chrys Wesdemiotis, Rebecca K. Willits, and Matthew L. Becker. “Enhancing Schwann cell migration using concentration gradients of laminin-derived peptides.” Biomaterials 218 (October 2019): 119335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119335.
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  - Strauss, Michael J., Darya Asheghali, Austin M. Evans, Rebecca L. Li, Anton D. Chavez, Chao Sun, Matthew L. Becker, and William R. Dichtel. “Cooperative Self-Assembly of Pyridine-2,6-Diimine-Linked Macrocycles into Mechanically Robust Nanotubes.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 58, no. 41 (October 2019): 14708–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907668.
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  - Le Fer, G., Y. Luo, and M. L. Becker. “Poly(propylene fumarate) stars, using architecture to reduce the viscosity of 3D printable resins.” Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 34 (September 14, 2019): 4655–64. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py00738e.
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  - Nettleton, Karissa, Derek Luong, Alex P. Kleinfehn, Laura Savariau, Christopher Premanandan, and Matthew L. Becker. “Molecular Mass-Dependent Resorption and Bone Regeneration of 3D Printed PPF Scaffolds in a Critical-Sized Rat Cranial Defect Model.” Advanced Healthcare Materials 8, no. 17 (September 2019): e1900646. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900646.
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  - Worch, J. C., H. Prydderch, S. Jimaja, P. Bexis, M. L. Becker, and A. P. Dove. “Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties.” Nature Reviews Chemistry 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 514–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-019-0117-z.
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  - Xia, Xuhui, Garrett Bass, Matthew L. Becker, and Bryan D. Vogt. “Tuning Cooperative Assembly with Bottlebrush Block Co-polymers for Porous Metal Oxide Films Using Solvent Mixtures.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 35, no. 29 (July 9, 2019): 9572–83. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01363.
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  - Cai, Zhongyu, Yong Wan, Matthew L. Becker, Yun-Ze Long, and David Dean. “Poly(propylene fumarate)-based materials: Synthesis, functionalization, properties, device fabrication and biomedical applications.” Biomaterials 208 (July 2019): 45–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.038.
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  - Luo, Yuanyuan, Gaëlle Le Fer, David Dean, and Matthew L. Becker. “3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) Oligomers: Evaluation of Resin Viscosity, Printing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties.” Biomacromolecules 20, no. 4 (April 2019): 1699–1708. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00076.
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  - Dilla, R. A., C. M. M. Motta, Y. Xu, Z. K. Zander, N. Bernard, C. G. Wiener, B. D. Vogt, and M. L. Becker. “Mechanically tunable, human mesenchymal stem cell viable poly(ethylene glycol)–oxime hydrogels with invariant precursor composition, concentration, and stoichiometry.” Materials Today Chemistry 11 (March 1, 2019): 244–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.11.003.
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  - Philip, Diana L., Elena A. Silantyeva, Matthew L. Becker, and Rebecca K. Willits. “RGD-Functionalized Nanofibers Increase Early GFAP Expression during Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.” Biomacromolecules 20, no. 3 (March 2019): 1443–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00018.
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  - Xia, X., Z. Qiang, G. Bass, M. L. Becker, and B. D. Vogt. “Morphological control of hydrothermally synthesized cobalt oxide particles using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).” Colloid and Polymer Science 297, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-018-4434-4.
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  - Cavanaugh, M., E. Silantyeva, G. P. Koh, E. Malekzadeh, W. D. Lanzinger, R. K. Willits, and M. L. Becker. “RGD-modified nanofibers enhance outcomes in rats after sciatic nerve injury.” Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb10020024.
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  - Guerra, Antonio J., Hernan Lara-Padilla, Matthew L. Becker, Ciro A. Rodriguez, and David Dean. “Photopolymerizable Resins for 3D-Printing Solid-Cured Tissue Engineered Implants.” Current Drug Targets 20, no. 8 (January 2019): 823–38. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190114122815.
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  - Dreger, Nathan Z., Zhaobo Fan, Zachary K. Zander, Chinnapatch Tantisuwanno, Molly C. Haines, Morgan Waggoner, Trenton Parsell, et al. “Amino acid-based Poly(ester urea) copolymer films for hernia-repair applications.” Biomaterials 182 (November 2018): 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.003.
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  - Chen, K., N. Z. Dreger, F. Peng, B. D. Vogt, M. L. Becker, and M. Cakmak. “Nonlinear Mechano-Optical Behavior and Strain-Induced Structural Changes of l -Valine-Based Poly(ester urea)s.” Macromolecules 51, no. 20 (October 23, 2018): 8114–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01176.
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  - Dilla, R. A., C. M. M. Motta, S. R. Snyder, J. A. Wilson, C. Wesdemiotis, and M. L. Becker. “Synthesis and 3D Printing of PEG-Poly(propylene fumarate) Diblock and Triblock Copolymer Hydrogels.” Acs Macro Letters 7, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 1254–60. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00720.
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  - Chen, Yusheng, James A. Wilson, Shannon R. Petersen, Derek Luong, Sahar Sallam, Jialin Mao, Chrys Wesdemiotis, and Matthew L. Becker. “Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride with Functional Epoxides: Poly(propylene fumarate) Analogues Capable of Post-Polymerization Modification.” Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) 57, no. 39 (September 2018): 12759–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201807419.
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  - Zander, Zachary K., Peiru Chen, Yen-Hao Hsu, Nathan Z. Dreger, Laura Savariau, Willie C. McRoy, Alec E. Cerchiari, Sean D. Chambers, Hazel A. Barton, and Matthew L. Becker. “Post-fabrication QAC-functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane for contact-killing catheter applications.” Biomaterials 178 (September 2018): 339–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.010.
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  - Petersen, S. R., J. A. Wilson, and M. L. Becker. “Versatile Ring-Opening Copolymerization and Postprinting Functionalization of Lactone and Poly(propylene fumarate) Block Copolymers: Resorbable Building Blocks for Additive Manufacturing.” Macromolecules 51, no. 16 (August 28, 2018): 6202–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01372.
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  - Arno, Maria C., Ruairí P. Brannigan, Gina M. Policastro, Matthew L. Becker, and Andrew P. Dove. “pH-Responsive, Functionalizable Spyrocyclic Polycarbonate: A Versatile Platform for Biocompatible Nanoparticles.” Biomacromolecules 19, no. 8 (August 2018): 3427–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00744.
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  - Deming, Timothy J., Harm-Anton Klok, Steven P. Armes, Matthew L. Becker, Julie A. Champion, Eugene Y-X Chen, Sarah C. Heilshorn, et al. “Polymers at the Interface with Biology.” Biomacromolecules 19, no. 8 (August 2018): 3151–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01029.
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  - Childers, Erin P., Nathan Z. Dreger, Alex B. Ellenberger, Mary Beth Wandel, Karen Domino, Yanyi Xu, Derek Luong, et al. “Enhanced Rotator-Cuff Repair Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Adsorbed on Branched Poly(ester urea)s.” Biomacromolecules 19, no. 7 (July 2018): 3129–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00725.
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  - Silantyeva, Elena A., Wafaa Nasir, Jacqueline Carpenter, Olivia Manahan, Matthew L. Becker, and Rebecca K. Willits. “Accelerated neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells on aligned GYIGSR-functionalized nanofibers.” Acta Biomaterialia 75 (July 2018): 129–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.052.
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  - Dreger, N. Z., M. B. Wandel, L. L. Robinson, D. Luong, C. S. Søndergaard, M. Hiles, C. Premanandan, and M. L. Becker. “Preclinical in Vitro and in Vivo Assessment of Linear and Branched l -Valine-Based Poly(ester urea)s for Soft Tissue Applications.” Acs Biomaterials Science and Engineering 4, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 1346–56. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00920.
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  - Zander, Z. K., and M. L. Becker. “Antimicrobial and Antifouling Strategies for Polymeric Medical Devices.” Acs Macro Letters 7, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00879.
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  - Li, Shan, Yanyi Xu, Jiayi Yu, and Matthew L. Becker. “Enhanced osteogenic activity of poly(ester urea) scaffolds using facile post-3D printing peptide functionalization strategies.” Biomaterials 141 (October 2017): 176–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.038.
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  - Peterson, G. I., E. P. Childers, H. Li, A. V. Dobrynin, and M. L. Becker. “Tunable Shape Memory Polymers from α-Amino Acid-Based Poly(ester urea)s.” Macromolecules 50, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 4300–4308. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00680.
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  - Walker, Jason M., Emily Bodamer, Olivia Krebs, Yuanyuan Luo, Alex Kleinfehn, Matthew L. Becker, and David Dean. “Effect of Chemical and Physical Properties on the In Vitro Degradation of 3D Printed High Resolution Poly(propylene fumarate) Scaffolds.” Biomacromolecules 18, no. 4 (April 2017): 1419–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00146.
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  - Chen, K., J. Yu, G. Guzman, S. S. Es-Haghi, M. L. Becker, and M. Cakmak. “Role of Hydrogen Bonding on Nonlinear Mechano-Optical Behavior of l-Phenylalanine-Based Poly(ester urea)s.” Macromolecules 50, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 1075–84. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02415.
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  - Vega, Sebastián L., Er Liu, Varun Arvind, Jared Bushman, Hak-Joon Sung, Matthew L. Becker, Sophie Lelièvre, Joachim Kohn, Pierre-Alexandre Vidi, and Prabhas V. Moghe. “High-content image informatics of the structural nuclear protein NuMA parses trajectories for stem/progenitor cell lineages and oncogenic transformation.” Experimental Cell Research 351, no. 1 (February 2017): 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.018.
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  - Kim, Joseph J., Neal K. Bennett, Mitchel S. Devita, Sanjay Chahar, Satish Viswanath, Eunjee A. Lee, Giyoung Jung, et al. “Optical High Content Nanoscopy of Epigenetic Marks Decodes Phenotypic Divergence in Stem Cells.” Scientific Reports 7 (January 4, 2017): 39406. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39406.
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  - Zhou, J., V. Bhagat, and M. L. Becker. “Poly(ester urea)-Based Adhesives: Improved Deployment and Adhesion by Incorporation of Poly(propylene glycol) Segments.” Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces 8, no. 49 (December 14, 2016): 33423–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b09676.
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  - Peterson, G. I., A. V. Dobrynin, and M. L. Becker. “α-Amino Acid-Based Poly(Ester urea)s as Multishape Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications.” Acs Macro Letters 5, no. 10 (October 18, 2016): 1176–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00648.
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  - Childers, Erin P., Gregory I. Peterson, Alex B. Ellenberger, Karen Domino, Gabrielle V. Seifert, and Matthew L. Becker. “Adhesion of Blood Plasma Proteins and Platelet-rich Plasma on l-Valine-Based Poly(ester urea).” Biomacromolecules 17, no. 10 (October 2016): 3396–3403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01195.
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  - Wade, Mary Beth, Eric Rodenberg, Umesh Patel, Bhavin Shah, and Matthew L. Becker. “Influence of Sterilization Technologies on Electrospun Poly(ester urea)s for Soft Tissue Repair.” Biomacromolecules 17, no. 10 (October 2016): 3363–74. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01158.
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  - Bell, C. A., J. Yu, I. A. Barker, V. X. Truong, Z. Cao, A. V. Dobrinyin, M. L. Becker, and A. P. Dove. “Independent Control of Elastomer Properties through Stereocontrolled Synthesis.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 42 (January 1, 2016): 13076–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606750.
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  - Li, Y., Z. Wang, J. Zheng, H. Su, F. Lin, K. Guo, X. Feng, et al. “Cascading one-pot synthesis of single-tailed and asymmetric multitailed giant surfactants.” Acs Macro Letters 2, no. 11 (December 4, 2013): 1026–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz400519c.
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  - Liu, X., J. Zhou, J. Zheng, M. L. Becker, and X. Gong. “Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots as an anode interlayer for solution-processed near infrared polymer photodetectors.” Nanoscale 5, no. 24 (December 2, 2013): 12474–79. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03602b.
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  - Callahan, Laura A Smith, Sibai Xie, Ian A. Barker, Jukuan Zheng, Darrell H. Reneker, Andrew P. Dove, and Matthew L. Becker. “Directed differentiation and neurite extension of mouse embryonic stem cell on aligned poly(lactide) nanofibers functionalized with YIGSR peptide.” Biomaterials 34, no. 36 (December 2013): 9089–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.028.
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  - Lin, Fei, Jiayi Yu, Wen Tang, Jukuan Zheng, Adrian Defante, Kai Guo, Chrys Wesdemiotis, and Matthew L. Becker. “Peptide-functionalized oxime hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and gelation behavior.” Biomacromolecules 14, no. 10 (October 3, 2013): 3749–58. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm401133r.
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  - Su, H., J. Zheng, Z. Wang, F. Lin, X. Feng, X. H. Dong, M. L. Becker, S. Z. D. Cheng, W. B. Zhang, and Y. Li. “Sequential triple "click" approach toward polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based multiheaded and multitailed giant surfactants.” Acs Macro Letters 2, no. 8 (September 2, 2013): 645–50. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz4002723.
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  - Castano, Marcela, Kwang Su Seo, Eun Hye Kim, Matthew L. Becker, and Judit E. Puskas. “Green polymer chemistry VIII: synthesis of halo-ester-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)s via enzymatic catalysis.” Macromolecular Rapid Communications 34, no. 17 (September 2013): 1375–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201300430.
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  - Smith Callahan, Laura A., Gina M. Policastro, Sharon L. Bernard, Erin P. Childers, Ronna Boettcher, and Matthew L. Becker. “Influence of discrete and continuous culture conditions on human mesenchymal stem cell lineage choice in RGD concentration gradient hydrogels.” Biomacromolecules 14, no. 9 (September 2013): 3047–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm4006112.
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  - Tang, Wen, Yanrui Ma, Sibai Xie, Kai Guo, Bryan Katzenmeyer, Chrys Wesdemiotis, and Matthew L. Becker. “Valency-dependent affinity of bioactive hydroxyapatite-binding dendrons.” Biomacromolecules 14, no. 9 (September 2013): 3304–13. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm400908c.
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  - Lin, Fei, Jukuan Zheng, Jiayi Yu, Jinjun Zhou, and Matthew L. Becker. “Cascading "Triclick" functionalization of poly(caprolactone) thin films quantified via a quartz crystal microbalance.” Biomacromolecules 14, no. 8 (August 2013): 2857–65. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm400711q.
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  - Smith Callahan, Laura A., Erin P. Childers, Sharon L. Bernard, Scott D. Weiner, and Matthew L. Becker. “Maximizing phenotype constraint and extracellular matrix production in primary human chondrocytes using arginine-glycine-aspartate concentration gradient hydrogels.” Acta Biomaterialia 9, no. 7 (July 2013): 7420–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.005.
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  - Bandyopadhyay, D., G. Singh, M. L. Becker, and A. Karim. “Capillary wave confinement-induced stabilization of polymer films.” Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces 5, no. 10 (May 22, 2013): 4006–10. https://doi.org/10.1021/am4002502.
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  - Zhou, J., S. Xie, E. F. Amond, and M. L. Becker. “Tuning energy levels of low bandgap semi-random two acceptor copolymers.” Macromolecules 46, no. 9 (May 14, 2013): 3391–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma400531v.
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  - Smith Callahan, L. A., Y. Ma, C. M. Stafford, and M. L. Becker. “Concentration dependent neural differentiation and neurite extension of mouse ESC on primary amine-derivatized surfaces.” Biomaterials Science 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 537–44. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3bm00161j.
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  - Zheng, J., S. Xie, F. Lin, G. Hua, T. Yu, D. H. Reneker, and M. L. Becker. “4-Dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO) as an initiator for poly(ε-caprolactone): Copper-free clickable polymer and nanofiber-based scaffolds.” Polymer Chemistry 4, no. 7 (April 7, 2013): 2215–18. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3py00153a.
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  - Callahan, Laura A Smith, Anna M. Ganios, Erin P. Childers, Scott D. Weiner, and Matthew L. Becker. “Primary human chondrocyte extracellular matrix formation and phenotype maintenance using RGD-derivatized PEGDM hydrogels possessing a continuous Young's modulus gradient.” Acta Biomaterialia 9, no. 4 (April 2013): 6095–6104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.028.
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  - Ma, Yanrui, Jukuan Zheng, Emily F. Amond, Christopher M. Stafford, and Matthew L. Becker. “Facile fabrication of "dual click" one- and two-dimensional orthogonal peptide concentration gradients.” Biomacromolecules 14, no. 3 (March 2013): 665–71. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm301731h.
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  - Stakleff, Kimberly Sloan, Fei Lin, Laura A. Smith Callahan, Mary Beth Wade, Andrew Esterle, James Miller, Matthew Graham, and Matthew L. Becker. “Resorbable, amino acid-based poly(ester urea)s crosslinked with osteogenic growth peptide with enhanced mechanical properties and bioactivity.” Acta Biomaterialia 9, no. 2 (February 2013): 5132–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.035.
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  - Rao, T., G. Singh, S. Xie, A. Karim, and M. L. Becker. “2-D gold nanoparticle arrays from thermally directed self-assembly of peptide-derivatized block copolymers.” Soft Matter 9, no. 33 (January 1, 2013): 8023–32. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3sm51106e.
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  - Zheng, J., L. A. Smith Callahan, J. Hao, K. Guo, C. Wesdemiotis, R. A. Weiss, and M. L. Becker. “Strain-promoted cross-linking of PEG-based hydrogels via copper- free cycloaddition.” Acs Macro Letters 1, no. 8 (December 1, 2012): 1071–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz3003775.
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  - Zheng, Jukuan, Kaiyi Liu, Darrell H. Reneker, and Matthew L. Becker. “Post-assembly derivatization of electrospun nanofibers via strain-promoted azide alkyne cycloaddition.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 41 (October 8, 2012): 17274–77. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja307647x.
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  - Vega, Sebastián L., Er Liu, Parth J. Patel, Anthony B. Kulesa, Aaron L. Carlson, Yanrui Ma, Matthew L. Becker, and Prabhas V. Moghe. “High-content imaging-based screening of microenvironment-induced changes to stem cells.” Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 9 (October 2012): 1151–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057112453853.
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  - Zartman, G. D., S. Cheng, X. Li, F. Lin, M. L. Becker, and S. Q. Wang. “How melt-stretching affects mechanical behavior of polymer glasses.” Macromolecules 45, no. 16 (August 28, 2012): 6719–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma300955h.
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  - Callahan, Laura A Smith, Anna M. Ganios, Denise L. McBurney, Matthew F. Dilisio, Scott D. Weiner, Walter E. Horton, and Matthew L. Becker. “ECM production of primary human and bovine chondrocytes in hybrid PEG hydrogels containing type I collagen and hyaluronic acid.” Biomacromolecules 13, no. 5 (May 4, 2012): 1625–31. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm3003336.
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  - Rao, T., X. H. Dong, B. C. Katzenmeyer, C. Wesdemiotis, S. Z. D. Cheng, and M. L. Becker. “High-fidelity fabrication of Au-polymer Janus nanoparticles using a solution template approach.” Soft Matter 8, no. 10 (March 14, 2012): 2965–71. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm07002b.
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  - Yu, Jing, Matthew L. Becker, and Gustavo A. Carri. “The influence of amino acid sequence and functionality on the binding process of peptides onto gold surfaces.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 28, no. 2 (January 2012): 1408–17. https://doi.org/10.1021/la204109r.
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  - Moore, Nicole M., Nancy J. Lin, Nathan D. Gallant, and Matthew L. Becker. “Synergistic enhancement of human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on BMP-2-derived and RGD peptide concentration gradients.” Acta Biomaterialia 7, no. 5 (May 2011): 2091–2100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.019.
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  - Fagan, Jeffrey A., Barry J. Bauer, Erik K. Hobbie, Matthew L. Becker, Angela R. Hight Walker, Jeffrey R. Simpson, Jaehun Chun, et al. “Carbon nanotubes: measuring dispersion and length.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 23, no. 3 (January 2011): 338–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001756.
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  - Acharya, Abhinav P., Natalia V. Dolgova, Nicole M. Moore, Chang-Qing Xia, Michael J. Clare-Salzler, Matthew L. Becker, Nathan D. Gallant, and Benjamin G. Keselowsky. “The modulation of dendritic cell integrin binding and activation by RGD-peptide density gradient substrates.” Biomaterials 31, no. 29 (October 2010): 7444–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.025.
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  - Yu, Jing, Matthew L. Becker, and Gustavo A. Carri. “A molecular dynamics simulation of the stability-limited growth mechanism of peptide-mediated gold-nanoparticle synthesis.” Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany) 6, no. 20 (October 2010): 2242–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000889.
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  - Park, Jung Jin, Michael C. Weiger, Silvia H De Paoli Lacerda, Denis Pristinski, Matthew L. Becker, Jack F. Douglas, Dharmaraj Raghavan, and Alamgir Karim. “Characterization of non-equilibrium nanoparticle adsorption on a model biological substrate.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 26, no. 7 (April 2010): 4822–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/la903581w.
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  - Weiger, Michael C., Jung Jin Park, Marc D. Roy, Christopher M. Stafford, Alamgir Karim, and Matthew L. Becker. “Quantification of the binding affinity of a specific hydroxyapatite binding peptide.” Biomaterials 31, no. 11 (April 2010): 2955–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.012.
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  - Moore, Nicole M., Nancy J. Lin, Nathan D. Gallant, and Matthew L. Becker. “The use of immobilized osteogenic growth peptide on gradient substrates synthesized via click chemistry to enhance MC3T3-E1 osteoblast proliferation.” Biomaterials 31, no. 7 (March 2010): 1604–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.011.
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  - Bailey, M. M., C. M. Mahoney, K. E. Dempah, J. M. Davis, M. L. Becker, S. Khondee, E. J. Munson, and C. Berkland. “Fluorinated copolymer nanoparticles for multimodal imaging applications.” Macromolecular Rapid Communications 31, no. 1 (January 4, 2010): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900505.
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  - Lacerda, Silvia H De Paoli, Jung Jin Park, Curt Meuse, Denis Pristinski, Matthew L. Becker, Alamgir Karim, and Jack F. Douglas. “Interaction of gold nanoparticles with common human blood proteins.” Acs Nano 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 365–79. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn9011187.
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  - Simpson, J. R., J. A. Fagan, M. L. Becker, E. K. Hobbie, and A. R. Hight Walker. “The effect of dispersant on defects in length-separated single-wall carbon nanotubes measured by Raman spectroscopy.” Carbon 47, no. 14 (November 1, 2009): 3238–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.037.
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  - Jakupciak, J. P., N. D. Gallant, A. H. Smith, M. L. Becker, A. Tona, and D. H. Atha. “Improved methods and standards for telomerase detection: quantitative histopathology using antibody staining.” Biotechnic & Histochemistry : Official Publication of the Biological Stain Commission 84, no. 5 (October 2009): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520290903039060.
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  - Aamer, Khaled A., Kirsten L. Genson, Joachim Kohn, and Matthew L. Becker. “Impact of polymer-bound iodine on fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast cell morphology in radiopaque medical polymers: tyrosine-derived polycarbonate blends as a model system.” Biomacromolecules 10, no. 9 (September 2009): 2418–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm900327b.
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  - Stanley, Scott K., Matthew L. Becker, Eric K. Lin, and Wen-li Wu. “Inhibitory effects of a phage-derived peptide on Au nanocrystal nucleation and growth.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 25, no. 18 (September 2009): 10886–92. https://doi.org/10.1021/la901222k.
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  - Liu, Er, Matthew D. Treiser, Hiral Patel, Hak-Joon Sung, Kristen E. Roskov, Joachim Kohn, Matthew L. Becker, and Prabhas V. Moghe. “High-content profiling of cell responsiveness to graded substrates based on combinyatorially variant polymers.” Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 12, no. 7 (August 2009): 646–55. https://doi.org/10.2174/138620709788923737.
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  - Aamer, K. A., C. M. Stafford, L. J. Richter, J. Kohn, and M. L. Becker. “Thin film elastic modulus of degradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonate biomaterials and their blends.” Macromolecules 42, no. 4 (February 24, 2009): 1212–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma802115b.
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  - Hobbie, Erik K., Jeffrey A. Fagan, Matthew L. Becker, Steven D. Hudson, Nikta Fakhri, and Matteo Pasquali. “Self-assembly of ordered nanowires in biological suspensions of single-wall carbon nanotubes.” Acs Nano 3, no. 1 (January 2009): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn800609y.
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  - Fagan, J. A., M. L. Becker, J. Chun, P. Nie, B. J. Bauer, J. R. Simpson, A. Hight-Walker, and E. K. Hobbie. “Centrifugal length separation of carbon nanotubes.” Langmuir 24, no. 24 (December 16, 2008): 13880–89. https://doi.org/10.1021/la801388a.
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  - Yang, Y., D. Bolikal, M. L. Becker, J. Kohn, D. N. Zeiger, and C. G. Simon. “Combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries for screening cell-biomaterial interactions in 3D.” Advanced Materials 20, no. 11 (June 4, 2008): 2037–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200702088.
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  - Morgan, Abby W., Kristen E. Roskov, Sheng Lin-Gibson, David L. Kaplan, Matthew L. Becker, and Carl G. Simon. “Characterization and optimization of RGD-containing silk blends to support osteoblastic differentiation.” Biomaterials 29, no. 16 (June 2008): 2556–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.007.
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  - Roy, M. D., S. K. Stanley, E. J. Amis, and M. L. Becker. “Identification of a highly specific hydroxyapatite-binding peptide using phage display.” Advanced Materials 20, no. 10 (May 19, 2008): 1830–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200702322.
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  - Haggenmueller, Reto, Sameer S. Rahatekar, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Jaehun Chun, Matthew L. Becker, Rajesh R. Naik, Todd Krauss, et al. “Comparison of the quality of aqueous dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants and biomolecules.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 24, no. 9 (May 2008): 5070–78. https://doi.org/10.1021/la703008r.
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  - Roy, Marc D., Andrew A. Herzing, Silvia H. De Paoli Lacerda, and Matthew L. Becker. “Emission-tunable microwave synthesis of highly luminescent water soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England), no. 18 (May 2008): 2106–8. https://doi.org/10.1039/b800060c.
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  - Yang, Yanyin, Shauna M. Dorsey, Matthew L. Becker, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Gary E. Schumacher, Glenn M. Flaim, Joachim Kohn, and Carl G. Simon. “X-ray imaging optimization of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds via combinatorial fabrication methods.” Biomaterials 29, no. 12 (April 2008): 1901–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.042.
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  - Bauer, B. J., M. L. Becker, V. Bajpai, J. A. Fagan, E. K. Hobbie, K. Migler, C. M. Guttman, and W. R. Blair. “Measurement of single-wall nanotube dispersion by size exclusion chromatography.” Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 48 (December 6, 2007): 17914–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071494q.
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  - De Paoli Lacerda, S. H., J. F. Douglas, S. D. Hudson, M. Roy, J. M. Johnson, M. L. Becker, and A. Karim. “Quantum Mazes: Luminescent Labyrinthine Semiconductor Nanocrystals Having a Narrow Emission Spectrum.” Acs Nano 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 337–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn700111c.
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  - Fagan, J. A., J. R. Simpson, B. J. Bauer, S. H. D. P. Lacerda, M. L. Becker, J. Chun, K. B. Migler, A. R. H. Walker, and E. K. Hobbie. “Length-dependent optical effects in single-wall carbon nanotubes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 34 (August 29, 2007): 10607–12. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja073115c.
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  - Simon, Carl G., Jean S. Stephens, Shauna M. Dorsey, and Matthew L. Becker. “Fabrication of combinatorial polymer scaffold libraries.” The Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 7 (July 2007): 072207. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2755761.
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  - Becker, M. L., J. A. Fagan, N. D. Gallant, B. J. Bauer, V. Bajpai, E. K. Hobbie, S. H. Lacerda, K. B. Migler, and J. P. Jakupciak. “Length-dependent uptake of DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes.” Advanced Materials 19, no. 7 (April 6, 2007): 939–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602667.
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  - Gallant, N. D., K. A. Lavery, E. J. Amis, and M. L. Becker. “Universal gradient substrates for "click" biofunctionalization.” Advanced Materials 19, no. 7 (April 6, 2007): 965–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602221.
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  - Lin, Nancy J., LeeAnn O. Bailey, Matthew L. Becker, Newell R. Washburn, and Lori A. Henderson. “Macrophage response to methacrylate conversion using a gradient approach.” Acta Biomaterialia 3, no. 2 (March 2007): 163–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2006.10.001.
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  - Bauer, B. J., E. K. Hobbie, and M. L. Becker. “Small-angle neutron scattering from labeled single-wall carbon nanotubes.” Macromolecules 39, no. 7 (April 4, 2006): 2637–42. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0527303.
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  - Bailey, LeeAnn O., Matthew L. Becker, Jean S. Stephens, Nathan D. Gallant, Christine M. Mahoney, Newell R. Washburn, Aarti Rege, Joachim Kohn, and Eric J. Amis. “Cellular response to phase-separated blends of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A 76, no. 3 (March 2006): 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30527.
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  - Fry, D., B. Langhorst, H. Wang, M. L. Becker, B. J. Bauer, E. A. Grulke, and E. K. Hobbie. “Rheo-optical studies of carbon nanotube suspensions.” Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 5 (February 13, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2159488.
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  - Hobbie, E. K., B. J. Bauer, J. Stephens, M. L. Becker, P. McGuiggan, S. D. Hudson, and H. Wang. “Colloidal particles coated and stabilized by DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes.” Langmuir : The Acs Journal of Surfaces and Colloids 21, no. 23 (November 2005): 10284–87. https://doi.org/10.1021/la051827f.
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  - Sun, Xiankai, Raffaella Rossin, Jeffrey L. Turner, Matthew L. Becker, Maisie J. Joralemon, Michael J. Welch, and Karen L. Wooley. “An assessment of the effects of shell cross-linked nanoparticle size, core composition, and surface PEGylation on in vivo biodistribution.” Biomacromolecules 6, no. 5 (September 2005): 2541–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm050260e.
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  - Turner, J. L., M. L. Becker, X. Li, J. S. A. Taylor, and K. L. Wooley. “PNA-directed solution- And surface-assembly of shell crosslinked (SCK) nanoparticle conjugates.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, no. 22 (June 14, 2005): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1039/b417653g.
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  - Hammouda, B., F. Horkay, and M. L. Becker. “Clustering and solvation in poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte solutions.” Macromolecules 38, no. 5 (March 8, 2005): 2019–21. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047960g.
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  - Becker, Matthew L., Jianquan Liu, and Karen L. Wooley. “Functionalized micellar assemblies prepared via block copolymers synthesized by living free radical polymerization upon peptide-loaded resins.” Biomacromolecules 6, no. 1 (January 2005): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm049551y.
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  - Becker, Matthew L., Edward E. Remsen, Dipanjan Pan, and Karen L. Wooley. “Peptide-derivatized shell-cross-linked nanoparticles. 1. Synthesis and characterization.” Bioconjugate Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 2004): 699–709. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc049946e.
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  - Becker, Matthew L., LeeAnn O. Bailey, and Karen L. Wooley. “Peptide-derivatized shell-cross-linked nanoparticles. 2. Biocompatibility evaluation.” Bioconjugate Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 2004): 710–17. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc049945m.
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  - Joralemon, Maisie J., K Shanmugananda Murthy, Edward E. Remsen, Matthew L. Becker, and Karen L. Wooley. “Synthesis, characterization, and bioavailability of mannosylated shell cross-linked nanoparticles.” Biomacromolecules 5, no. 3 (May 2004): 903–13. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0344710.
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  - Becker, M. L., J. Liu, and K. L. Wooley. “Erratum: Peptide-polymer bioconjugates: Hybrid block copolymers generated via living radical polymerizations from resin-supported peptides (Chemical Communications 2003 (180)).” Chemical Communications, no. 6 (March 21, 2003): 802.
  - Becker, Matthew L., Jianquan Liu, and Karen L. Wooley. “Peptide-polymer bioconjugates: hybrid block copolymers generated via living radical polymerizations from resin-supported peptides.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England), no. 2 (January 2003): 180–81. https://doi.org/10.1039/b209557b.
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  - Becker, M. L., E. E. Remsen, and K. L. Wooley. “Diblock copolymers, micelles, and shell-crosslinked nanoparticles containing poly(4-fluorostyrene): Tools for detailed analyses of nanostructured materials.” Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39, no. 23 (December 1, 2001): 4152–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.10070.
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- Book Sections
  - Moore, N. M., and M. L. Becker. “Bioactive Self-Assembled Monolayer Gradients.” In Soft Matter Gradient Surfaces: Methods and Applications, 329–63, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118166086.ch13.
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- Conference Papers
  - Becker, M. L., M. D. Roy, S. K. Stanley, and E. J. Amis. “Identification of a highly-specific hydroxyapatite-binding peptide using phage display.” In 8th World Biomaterials Congress 2008, Vol. 4, 2008.
  - Gallant, N. D., E. J. Amis, and M. L. Becker. “Bioactive surface gradients for combinatorial studies of cell adhesion.” In 8th World Biomaterials Congress 2008, Vol. 2, 2008.
  - Bauer, B. J., V. Bajpai, J. A. Fagan, M. L. Becker, and E. K. Hobbie. “Chromatographic separation of single wall carbon nanotubes.” In Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 922:82–88, 2006.
  - Becker, M. L., M. J. Joralemon, E. E. Remsen, P. J. Endres, L. Cegelski, H. Huang, J. Schaefer, and K. L. Wooley. “Biocompatible surface functionalized shell crosslinked nanoparticles for use in biological applications.” In American Chemical Society, Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 43:682–83, 2002.
  - Becker, M. L., M. J. Joralemon, J. Liu, Q. Ma, K. S. Murthy, K. Qi, E. E. Remsen, Q. Zhang, and K. L. Wooley. “Synthetic methodologies for the surface derivatization of shell crosslinked nanoparticles.” In American Chemical Society, Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 43:323, 2002.
  - Becker, M. L., and K. L. Wooley. “Radical-based preparation of block copolymers containing fluorine tags: tools for detailed analysis of nanostructured materials.” In American Chemical Society, Polymer Preprints, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 41:1328–29, 2000.
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