Patty J Lee | Scholars@Duke

Patty J Lee
Professor of Medicine

My overall research interests are in acute and chronic oxidant-induced lung injury and repair, specifically the distinct roles of stress-response pathways depending on the lung compartment or cell type(s) involved and their regulation by the immune system. Using models of inhaled toxins, such as high oxygen concentrations, cigarette smoke, and microbes, we discovered previously unrecognized mechanistic roles for innate immune receptors, TLR4-NLRP3, mitochondrial health and cell fate, such as death and/or senescence.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Medicine 2019
Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 2020
Professor in Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2021

Contact Information

3110 MSRB 3, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27710
Box 103050, MSRB 3 Room 5140, Durham, NC 27710
patty.lee@duke.edu (919) 684-0928

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1994 - 1998
- Internal Medicine Residency, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1991 - 1994
- M.D., Brown University 1991
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Medicine 2019
Recognition
In the News
- APR 23, 2021 School of Medicine Magnify
  
  We Are What We Breathe
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke Program of Training in Pulmonary ReSearch to Promote, Engage and Retain Academic Researchers (PROSPER) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2026
- The Duke Senescent Cell Evaluations in Normal Tissues (SCENT) Mapping Center awarded by National Institutes of Health 2021 - 2026
- R13: Vasculata 2022 Seminar awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2023
- Fixed Price Contract - Intramural Targeted Anti-COVID-19 program (ITAC) Harnessing the Extracellular Matrix to Treat COVID-19-Induced ARDS awarded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2021 - 2023
- MIF-based Therapies for Severe Lung Disease awarded by Burroughs Wellcome Fund 2019 - 2022
- Data-driven Approaches to Healthcare Provider Resilience & Burnout during COVID-19 awarded by Department of Defense 2021 - 2022
- TLR4-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC AND SENESCENCE MECHANISMS IN EMPHYSEMA awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Aberrant DNA Repair and Lupus awarded by University of Arizona 2020 - 2022
- MIF-Based Therapies in Cigarette Smoke-Related COPD and Pneumonia awarded by Department of Defense 2020 - 2021
- IPA - Youwei Chen awarded by Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center 2019 - 2020
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Sauler, Maor, Isabel S. Bazan, and Patty J. Lee. Cell Death in the Lung: The Apoptosis-Necroptosis Axis. Vol. 81, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114320.
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- Academic Articles
  - Bazan, Isabel S., So-Jin Kim, Taylor A. Ardito, Yi Zhang, Peiying Shan, Maor Sauler, and Patty J. Lee. “Sex differences and altered mitophagy in experimental pulmonary hypertension.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 322, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): L761–69. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00019.2020.
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  - Kim, S. J., C. Zhou, E. Coutavas, and P. J. Lee. “Mitochondrial TOM70 in Hyperoxia-induced Acute Lung Injury.” Faseb Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 36 (May 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.L7461.
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  - Chun, Hyung J., Elias Coutavas, Alexander B. Pine, Alfred I. Lee, Vanessa L. Yu, Marcus K. Shallow, Coral X. Giovacchini, et al. “Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.” Jci Insight 6, no. 14 (July 22, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.148476.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Guoying Yu, Naftali Kaminski, and Patty J. Lee. “PINK1 mediates the protective effects of thyroid hormone T3 in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 320, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): L1118–25. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00598.2020.
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  - Yuan, Qianying, Abdul Basit, Wenhua Liang, Rihao Qu, Yi Luan, Chunguang Ren, Ao Li, et al. “Pazopanib ameliorates acute lung injuries via inhibition of MAP3K2 and MAP3K3.” Sci Transl Med 13, no. 591 (April 28, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2499.
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  - Chun, Hyung J., Elias Coutavas, Alexander Pine, Alfred I. Lee, Vanessa Yu, Marcus Shallow, Coral X. Giovacchini, et al. “Immuno-fibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).” Medrxiv, April 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.31.21250870.
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  - Nouws, Jessica, Feng Wan, Eric Finnemore, Willy Roque, So-Jin Kim, Isabel Bazan, Chuan-Xing Li, et al. “MicroRNA miR-24-3p reduces DNA damage responses, apoptosis, and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Jci Insight 6, no. 2 (January 25, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.134218.
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  - Giri, Paresh C., Anand M. Chowdhury, Armando Bedoya, Hengji Chen, Hyun Suk Lee, Patty Lee, Craig Henriquez, Neil R. MacIntyre, and Yuh-Chin T. Huang. “Application of Machine Learning in Pulmonary Function Assessment Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going?” Front Physiol 12 (2021): 678540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678540.
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  - Katsura, Hiroaki, Vishwaraj Sontake, Aleksandra Tata, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Caitlin E. Edwards, Brook E. Heaton, Arvind Konkimalla, et al. “Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction.” Cell Stem Cell 27, no. 6 (December 3, 2020): 890-904.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.005.
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  - Clapham, Katharine R., Youlan Rao, Sandeep Sahay, Maor Sauler, Patty J. Lee, Mitchell A. Psotka, Wassim H. Fares, and Tariq Ahmad. “PECAM-1 is Associated WithOutcomes and Response to Treatment in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.” Am J Cardiol 127 (July 15, 2020): 198–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.031.
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  - Lindow, Janet C., Annie J. Tsay, Ruth R. Montgomery, Eliana A. G. Reis, Elsio A. Wunder, Guilherme Araújo, Nivison R. R. Nery, et al. “Elevated Activation of Neutrophil Toll-Like Receptors in Patients with Acute Severe Leptospirosis: An Observational Study.” Am J Trop Med Hyg 101, no. 3 (September 2019): 585–89. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0160.
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  - Kim, So-Jin, Peiying Shan, Cheol Hwangbo, Yi Zhang, Jin-Na Min, Xuchen Zhang, Taylor Ardito, et al. “Endothelial toll-like receptor 4 maintains lung integrity via epigenetic suppression of p16INK4a.” Aging Cell 18, no. 3 (June 2019): e12914. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12914.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Peiying Shan, Anup Srivastava, Zhenyu Li, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial Stanniocalcin 1 Maintains Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Prevents Oxidant-Induced Lung Injury via Toll-Like Receptor 4.” Antioxid Redox Signal 30, no. 15 (May 20, 2019): 1775–96. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2018.7514.
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  - Pellowe, Amanda S., Maor Sauler, Yue Hou, Jonathan Merola, Rebecca Liu, Brenda Calderon, Holly M. Lauridsen, et al. “Endothelial cell-secreted MIF reduces pericyte contractility and enhances neutrophil extravasation.” Faseb J 33, no. 2 (February 2019): 2171–86. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800480R.
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  - Zhang, C., C. Ramsey, A. Berical, L. Yu, L. Leng, K. A. McGinnis, Y. Song, et al. “A functional macrophage migration inhibitory factor promoter polymorphism is associated with reduced diffusing capacity.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 316, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): L400–405. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00439.2018.
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  - Belsky, Justin B., Charles R. Wira, Vinitha Jacob, John E. Sather, and Patty J. Lee. “A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, l-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D.” Nutr Res Rev 31, no. 2 (December 2018): 281–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422418000124.
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  - Sauler, Maor, Maxime Lamontagne, Eric Finnemore, Jose D. Herazo-Maya, John Tedrow, Xuchen Zhang, Julia E. Morneau, et al. “The DNA repair transcriptome in severe COPD.” Eur Respir J 52, no. 4 (October 2018). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01994-2017.
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  - Wang, Chaoqun, Nabora S Reyes de Mochel, Stephanie A. Christenson, Monica Cassandras, Rebecca Moon, Alexis N. Brumwell, Lauren E. Byrnes, et al. “Expansion of hedgehog disrupts mesenchymal identity and induces emphysema phenotype.” J Clin Invest 128, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 4343–58. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI99435.
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  - Schwede, Matthew, Erin M. Wilfong, Rachel L. Zemans, Patty J. Lee, Claudia Dos Santos, Xiaohui Fang, and Michael A. Matthay. “Effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on gene expression in human alveolar type II cells exposed to TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ.” Physiol Rep 6, no. 16 (August 2018): e13831. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13831.
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  - Jin, Huiyan, Andrzej K. Ciechanowicz, Alanna R. Kaplan, Lin Wang, Ping-Xia Zhang, Yi-Chien Lu, Rachel E. Tobin, et al. “Surfactant protein C dampens inflammation by decreasing JAK/STAT activation during lung repair.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 314, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): L882–92. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00418.2017.
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  - Marshall, Jeffrey D., Isabel Bazan, Yi Zhang, Wassim H. Fares, and Patty J. Lee. “Mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension: cause, effect, or both.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 314, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): L782–96. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00331.2017.
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  - Yu, Guoying, Argyris Tzouvelekis, Rong Wang, Jose D. Herazo-Maya, Gabriel H. Ibarra, Anup Srivastava, Joao Pedro Werneck de Castro, et al. “Thyroid hormone inhibits lung fibrosis in mice by improving epithelial mitochondrial function.” Nat Med 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4447.
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  - Marshall, J. D., M. Sauler, A. Tonelli, Y. Rao, R. Bucala, P. J. Lee, and W. H. Fares. “Complexity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and other angiogenic biomarkers profiling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.” Pulmonary Circulation 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 730–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045893217724141.
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  - Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A., Hilary C. Cain, Richard Casaburi, Patty J. Lee, Lynne Iannone, Linda S. Leo-Summers, and Peter H. Van Ness. “Spirometry, Static Lung Volumes, and Diffusing Capacity.” Respir Care 62, no. 9 (September 2017): 1137–47. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.05515.
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  - Srivastava, R., P. Mannam, N. Rauniyar, T. K. T. Lam, R. Luo, P. J. Lee, and A. Srivastava. “Proteomics data on MAP Kinase Kinase 3 knock out bone marrow derived macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract.” Data in Brief 13 (August 1, 2017): 320–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.049.
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  - Tzouvelekis, Argyrios, Guoying Yu, Christian L. Lino Cardenas, Jose D. Herazo-Maya, Rong Wang, Tony Woolard, Yi Zhang, et al. “SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-2 Is a Novel Antifibrotic Regulator in Pulmonary Fibrosis.” Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195, no. 4 (February 15, 2017): 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201602-0329OC.
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  - Yoo, Seung-Ah, Lin Leng, Bum-Joon Kim, Xin Du, Pathricia V. Tilstam, Kyung Hee Kim, Jin-Sun Kong, et al. “MIF allele-dependent regulation of the MIF coreceptor CD44 and role in rheumatoid arthritis.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113, no. 49 (December 6, 2016): E7917–26. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612717113.
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  - Mannam, Praveen, Navin Rauniyar, TuKiet T. Lam, Ruiyan Luo, Patty J. Lee, and Anup Srivastava. “MKK3 influences mitophagy and is involved in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation.” Free Radic Biol Med 101 (December 2016): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.001.
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  - Lindow, Janet C., Elsio A. Wunder, Stephen J. Popper, Jin-Na Min, Praveen Mannam, Anup Srivastava, Yi Yao, et al. “Cathelicidin Insufficiency in Patients with Fatal Leptospirosis.” Plos Pathog 12, no. 11 (November 2016): e1005943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005943.
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  - Miner, Brienne, Mary E. Tinetti, Peter H. Van Ness, Ling Han, Linda Leo-Summers, Anne B. Newman, Patty J. Lee, and Carlos A. Vaz Fragoso. “Dyspnea in Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Multifactorial Geriatric Health Condition.” J Am Geriatr Soc 64, no. 10 (October 2016): 2042–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14290.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Peiying Shan, Anup Srivastava, Ge Jiang, Xuchen Zhang, and Patty J. Lee. “An Endothelial Hsp70-TLR4 Axis Limits Nox3 Expression and Protects Against Oxidant Injury in Lungs.” Antioxid Redox Signal 24, no. 17 (June 10, 2016): 991–1012. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2015.6505.
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  - Srivastava, A., A. S. Shinn, T. K. T. Lam, P. J. Lee, and P. Mannam. “SILAC based protein profiling data of MKK3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts.” Data in Brief 7 (June 1, 2016): 418–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.02.034.
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  - Crothers, Kristina, Irina Petrache, Cherry Wongtrakool, Patty J. Lee, Lynn M. Schnapp, and Sina A. Gharib. “Widespread activation of immunity and pro-inflammatory programs in peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected patients with impaired lung gas exchange.” Physiol Rep 4, no. 8 (April 2016). https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12756.
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  - Takyar, Seyedtaghi, Yi Zhang, Maria Haslip, Lei Jin, Peiying Shan, Xuchen Zhang, and Patty J. Lee. “An endothelial TLR4-VEGFR2 pathway mediates lung protection against oxidant-induced injury.” Faseb J 30, no. 3 (March 2016): 1317–27. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.15-275024.
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  - Chae, Wook-Jin, Allison K. Ehrlich, Pamela Y. Chan, Alexandra M. Teixeira, Octavian Henegariu, Liming Hao, Jae Hun Shin, et al. “The Wnt Antagonist Dickkopf-1 Promotes Pathological Type 2 Cell-Mediated Inflammation.” Immunity 44, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 246–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.008.
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  - Yao, Jie, Lin Leng, Maor Sauler, Weiling Fu, Junsong Zheng, Yi Zhang, Xin Du, Xiaoqing Yu, Patty Lee, and Richard Bucala. “Transcription factor ICBP90 regulates the MIF promoter and immune susceptibility locus.” J Clin Invest 126, no. 2 (February 2016): 732–44. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI81937.
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  - Srivastava, Anup, John McGinniss, Yao Wong, Amanda S. Shinn, TuKiet T. Lam, Patty J. Lee, and Praveen Mannam. “MKK3 deletion improves mitochondrial quality.” Free Radic Biol Med 87 (October 2015): 373–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.024.
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  - Sauler, Maor, Richard Bucala, and Patty J. Lee. “Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in age-related lung disease.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): L1-10. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00339.2014.
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  - Srivastava, Anup, Amanda S. Shinn, Patty J. Lee, and Praveen Mannam. “MKK3 mediates inflammatory response through modulation of mitochondrial function.” Free Radic Biol Med 83 (June 2015): 139–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.035.
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  - Haslip, Maria, Iva Dostanic, Yan Huang, Yi Zhang, Kerry S. Russell, Michael J. Jurczak, Praveen Mannam, Frank Giordano, Serpil C. Erzurum, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial uncoupling protein 2 regulates mitophagy and pulmonary hypertension during intermittent hypoxia.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35, no. 5 (May 2015): 1166–78. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304865.
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  - Sauler, Maor, Yi Zhang, Jin-Na Min, Lin Leng, Peiying Shan, Scott Roberts, William L. Jorgensen, Richard Bucala, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial CD74 mediates macrophage migration inhibitory factor protection in hyperoxic lung injury.” Faseb J 29, no. 5 (May 2015): 1940–49. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-260299.
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  - Zhang, Ping-Xia, Jijun Cheng, Siying Zou, Anthony D. D’Souza, Jonathan L. Koff, Jun Lu, Patty J. Lee, Diane S. Krause, Marie E. Egan, and Emanuela M. Bruscia. “Pharmacological modulation of the AKT/microRNA-199a-5p/CAV1 pathway ameliorates cystic fibrosis lung hyper-inflammation.” Nat Commun 6 (February 10, 2015): 6221. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7221.
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  - Moon, Jong-Seok, Seonmin Lee, Mi-Ae Park, Ilias I. Siempos, Maria Haslip, Patty J. Lee, Mijin Yun, et al. “UCP2-induced fatty acid synthase promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis.” J Clin Invest 125, no. 2 (February 2015): 665–80. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI78253.
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  - Lee, Naeun, Sungyong You, Min Sun Shin, Won-Woo Lee, Ki Soo Kang, Sang Hyun Kim, Wan-Uk Kim, et al. “IL-6 receptor α defines effector memory CD8+ T cells producing Th2 cytokines and expanding in asthma.” Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190, no. 12 (December 15, 2014): 1383–94. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201403-0601OC.
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  - Attia, Engi F., Kathleen M. Akgün, Cherry Wongtrakool, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, David Rimland, Sheldon T. Brown, et al. “Increased risk of radiographic emphysema in HIV is associated with elevated soluble CD14 and nadir CD4.” Chest 146, no. 6 (December 2014): 1543–53. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0543.
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  - Wegiel, Barbara, Rasmus Larsen, David Gallo, Beek Yoke Chin, Clair Harris, Praveen Mannam, Elzbieta Kaczmarek, et al. “Macrophages sense and kill bacteria through carbon monoxide-dependent inflammasome activation.” J Clin Invest 124, no. 11 (November 2014): 4926–40. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI72853.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Robert Homer, Yi Zhang, Irina Petrache, Praveen Mannam, and Patty J. Lee. “Cathepsin E promotes pulmonary emphysema via mitochondrial fission.” Am J Pathol 184, no. 10 (October 2014): 2730–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.017.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Maor Sauler, Amanda S. Shinn, Huan Gong, Maria Haslip, Peiying Shan, Praveen Mannam, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial PINK1 mediates the protective effects of NLRP3 deficiency during lethal oxidant injury.” J Immunol 192, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 5296–5304. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400653.
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  - Mannam, Praveen, Amanda S. Shinn, Anup Srivastava, Radu F. Neamu, Wendy E. Walker, Michael Bohanon, Jane Merkel, et al. “MKK3 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in sepsis-induced lung injury.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 306, no. 7 (April 1, 2014): L604–19. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00272.2013.
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  - Sauler, Maor, Lin Leng, Mark Trentalange, Maria Haslip, Peiying Shan, Marta Piecychna, Yi Zhang, et al. “Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 306, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): L487–96. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00284.2013.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Ge Jiang, Maor Sauler, and Patty J. Lee. “Lung endothelial HO-1 targeting in vivo using lentiviral miRNA regulates apoptosis and autophagy during oxidant injury.” Faseb J 27, no. 10 (October 2013): 4041–58. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.13-231225.
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  - Zhang, Yi, Xuchen Zhang, Peiying Shan, Clayton R. Hunt, Tej K. Pandita, and Patty J. Lee. “A protective Hsp70-TLR4 pathway in lethal oxidant lung injury.” J Immunol 191, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 1393–1403. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1300052.
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  - Mannam, Praveen, Xuchen Zhang, Peiying Shan, Yi Zhang, Amanda S. Shinn, Yitao Zhang, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial MKK3 is a critical mediator of lethal murine endotoxemia and acute lung injury.” J Immunol 190, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 1264–75. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202012.
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  - Cho, Won-Kyung, Chang-Min Lee, Min-Jong Kang, Yan Huang, Frank J. Giordano, Patty J. Lee, Terence K. Trow, et al. “IL-13 receptor α2-arginase 2 pathway mediates IL-13-induced pulmonary hypertension.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 304, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): L112–24. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00101.2012.
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  - Knauert, Melissa, Sandeep Vangala, Maria Haslip, and Patty J. Lee. “Therapeutic applications of carbon monoxide.” Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013 (2013): 360815. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/360815.
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  - Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A., and Patty J. Lee. “The aging lung.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 67, no. 3 (March 2012): 233–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr249.
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  - Volkova, Maria, Yitao Zhang, Albert C. Shaw, and Patty J. Lee. “The role of Toll-like receptors in age-associated lung diseases.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 67, no. 3 (March 2012): 247–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr226.
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  - Song, Yang, Hua Shen, Dominik Schenten, Peiying Shan, Patty J. Lee, and Daniel R. Goldstein. “Aging enhances the basal production of IL-6 and CCL2 in vascular smooth muscle cells.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32, no. 1 (January 2012): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.236349.
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  - Raval, Chintan M., and Patty J. Lee. “Heme oxygenase-1 in lung disease.” Curr Drug Targets 11, no. 12 (December 2010): 1532–40. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450111009011532.
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  - Griffith, Brian, Srikanth Pendyala, Louise Hecker, Patty J. Lee, Viswanathan Natarajan, and Victor J. Thannickal. “NOX enzymes and pulmonary disease.” Antioxid Redox Signal 11, no. 10 (October 2009): 2505–16. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2009.2599.
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  - Medler, Terry R., Daniela N. Petrusca, Patty J. Lee, Walter C. Hubbard, Evgeny V. Berdyshev, Jarrett Skirball, Krzysztof Kamocki, Edward Schuchman, Rubin M. Tuder, and Irina Petrache. “Apoptotic sphingolipid signaling by ceramides in lung endothelial cells.” Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38, no. 6 (June 2008): 639–46. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2007-0274OC.
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  - Manning, Christopher B., Tara Sabo-Attwood, Raymond F. Robledo, Maximilian B. Macpherson, Mercedes Rincón, Pamela Vacek, David Hemenway, Douglas J. Taatjes, Patty J. Lee, and Brooke T. Mossman. “Targeting the MEK1 cascade in lung epithelium inhibits proliferation and fibrogenesis by asbestos.” Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38, no. 5 (May 2008): 618–26. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2007-0382OC.
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  - Chapoval, Svetlana P., Amal Al-Garawi, Jose M. Lora, Ian Strickland, Bing Ma, Patty J. Lee, Robert J. Homer, Sankar Ghosh, Anthony J. Coyle, and Jack A. Elias. “Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation reduces the tissue effects of transgenic IL-13.” J Immunol 179, no. 10 (November 15, 2007): 7030–41. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.7030.
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  - Yang, Xudong, Patty J. Lee, Lu Long, Richard C. Trembath, and Nicholas W. Morrell. “BMP4 induces HO-1 via a Smad-independent, p38MAPK-dependent pathway in pulmonary artery myocytes.” Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 37, no. 5 (November 2007): 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2006-0360OC.
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  - Siner, Jonathan M., Ge Jiang, Zaza I. Cohen, Peiying Shan, Xuchen Zhang, Chun Geun Lee, Jack A. Elias, and Patty J. Lee. “VEGF-induced heme oxygenase-1 confers cytoprotection from lethal hyperoxia in vivo.” Faseb J 21, no. 7 (May 2007): 1422–32. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-6661com.
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  - Chin, Beek Y., Ge Jiang, Barbara Wegiel, Hong J. Wang, Theresa Macdonald, Xu Chen Zhang, David Gallo, et al. “Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha stabilization by carbon monoxide results in cytoprotective preconditioning.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, no. 12 (March 20, 2007): 5109–14. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609611104.
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  - Zhang, X., P. Shan, G. Jiang, S. S. M. Zhang, L. E. Otterbein, X. Y. Fu, and P. J. Lee. “Erratum: Endothelial STAT3 is essential for the protective effects of HO-1 in oxidant-induced lung injury (FASEB Journal DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-5668fje).” Faseb Journal 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 630. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-5668err.
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  - Bhandari, Vineet, Rayman Choo-Wing, Chun G. Lee, Zhou Zhu, Jonathan H. Nedrelow, Geoffrey L. Chupp, Xucher Zhang, et al. “Hyperoxia causes angiopoietin 2-mediated acute lung injury and necrotic cell death.” Nat Med 12, no. 11 (November 2006): 1286–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1494.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Ge Jiang, Lauren Cohn, and Patty J. Lee. “Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency causes pulmonary emphysema.” J Clin Invest 116, no. 11 (November 2006): 3050–59. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI28139.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Ge Jiang, Samuel S-M Zhang, Leo E. Otterbein, Xin-Yuan Fu, and Patty J. Lee. “Endothelial STAT3 is essential for the protective effects of HO-1 in oxidant-induced lung injury.” Faseb J 20, no. 12 (October 2006): 2156–58. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-5668fje.
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  - Ingram, Jennifer L., Aurita Antao-Menezes, James B. Mangum, Otis Lyght, Patty J. Lee, Jack A. Elias, and James C. Bonner. “Opposing actions of Stat1 and Stat6 on IL-13-induced up-regulation of early growth response-1 and platelet-derived growth factor ligands in pulmonary fibroblasts.” J Immunol 177, no. 6 (September 15, 2006): 4141–48. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.4141.
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  - Ma, Bing, Wei Liu, Robert J. Homer, Patty J. Lee, Anthony J. Coyle, Jose M. Lora, Chun Geun Lee, and Jack A. Elias. “Role of CCR5 in the pathogenesis of IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling.” J Immunol 176, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 4968–78. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4968.
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  - Qureshi, Salman T., Xuchen Zhang, Erika Aberg, Nicolas Bousette, Adel Giaid, Peiying Shan, Ruslan M. Medzhitov, and Patty J. Lee. “Inducible activation of TLR4 confers resistance to hyperoxia-induced pulmonary apoptosis.” J Immunol 176, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 4950–58. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4950.
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  - Zhang, X., and P. J. Lee. “Response to comment on "cutting edge: TLR4 deficiency confers susceptibility to lethal oxidant lung injury" [4].” Journal of Immunology 176, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 3857. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.3857.
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  - Cho, Soo Jung, Min Jong Kang, Robert J. Homer, Hye Ryun Kang, Xuchen Zhang, Patty J. Lee, Jack A. Elias, and Chun Geun Lee. “Role of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) in interleukin-13-induced inflammation and remodeling.” J Biol Chem 281, no. 12 (March 24, 2006): 8161–68. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M506770200.
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  - Lee, Patty J., Xuchen Zhang, Peiying Shan, Bing Ma, Chun Geun Lee, Robert J. Homer, Zhou Zhu, Mercedes Rincon, Brooke T. Mossman, and Jack A. Elias. “ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase selectively mediates IL-13-induced lung inflammation and remodeling in vivo.” J Clin Invest 116, no. 1 (January 2006): 163–73. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25711.
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  - Zhang, X., P. Shan, S. Qureshi, R. Homer, R. Medzhitov, P. W. Noble, and P. J. Lee. “Erratum: Cutting edge: TLR4 deficiency confers susceptibility to lethal oxidant lung injury (Journal of Immunology (2005) 175 (4834-4838)).” Journal of Immunology 175, no. 12 (December 15, 2005): 8440.
  - Lee, Patty J. “An old spice with new twists: curcumin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and apoptosis.” Crit Care Med 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 2703–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000183162.61584.43.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Salman Qureshi, Robert Homer, Ruslan Medzhitov, Paul W. Noble, and Patty J. Lee. “Cutting edge: TLR4 deficiency confers susceptibility to lethal oxidant lung injury.” J Immunol 175, no. 8 (October 15, 2005): 4834–38. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.4834.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Jawed Alam, Xin-Yuan Fu, and Patty J. Lee. “Carbon monoxide differentially modulates STAT1 and STAT3 and inhibits apoptosis via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and p38 kinase-dependent STAT3 pathway during anoxia-reoxygenation injury.” J Biol Chem 280, no. 10 (March 11, 2005): 8714–21. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M408092200.
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  - Scott, J. R., D. K. Gray, A. Bihari, A. Badhwar, X. Zhang, P. Shan, P. J. Lee, S. Chakrabarti, K. A. Harris, and R. F. Potter. “Heme oxygenase modulates small intestine leukocyte adhesion following hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion by regulating the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1.” Critical Care Medicine 33, no. 11 (January 1, 2005): 2563–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000186765.61268.FC.
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  - Lee, Chun Geun, Soo Jung Cho, Min Jong Kang, Svetlana P. Chapoval, Patty J. Lee, Paul W. Noble, Teshome Yehualaeshet, et al. “Early growth response gene 1-mediated apoptosis is essential for transforming growth factor beta1-induced pulmonary fibrosis.” J Exp Med 200, no. 3 (August 2, 2004): 377–89. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040104.
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  - McCarter, S. D., J. R. Scott, P. J. Lee, X. Zhang, A. M. K. Choi, C. A. McLean, A. Badhwar, et al. “Cotransfection of heme oxygenase-1 prevents the acute inflammation elicited by a second adenovirus.” Gene Ther 10, no. 19 (September 2003): 1629–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302063.
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  - Lee, Patty J., and Augustine M. K. Choi. “Pathways of cell signaling in hyperoxia.” Free Radic Biol Med 35, no. 4 (August 15, 2003): 341–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00279-x.
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  - Song, Ruiping, Masatoshi Kubo, Danielle Morse, Zhihong Zhou, Xuchen Zhang, James H. Dauber, James Fabisiak, et al. “Carbon monoxide induces cytoprotection in rat orthotopic lung transplantation via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.” Am J Pathol 163, no. 1 (July 2003): 231–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63646-2.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Jawed Alam, Roger J. Davis, Richard A. Flavell, and Patty J. Lee. “Carbon monoxide modulates Fas/Fas ligand, caspases, and Bcl-2 family proteins via the p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury.” J Biol Chem 278, no. 24 (June 13, 2003): 22061–70. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M301858200.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Madhu Sasidhar, Geoffrey L. Chupp, Richard A. Flavell, Augustine M. K. Choi, and Patty J. Lee. “Reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediate hyperoxia-induced cell death in lung epithelium.” Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28, no. 3 (March 2003): 305–15. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2002-0156OC.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Peiying Shan, Leo E. Otterbein, Jawed Alam, Richard A. Flavell, Roger J. Davis, Augustine M. K. Choi, and Patty J. Lee. “Carbon monoxide inhibition of apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury is dependent on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and involves caspase 3.” J Biol Chem 278, no. 2 (January 10, 2003): 1248–58. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M208419200.
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  - Zhang, Xuchen, Eric L. Bedard, Richard Potter, Robert Zhong, Jawed Alam, Augustine M. K. Choi, and Patty J. Lee. “Mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate HO-1 gene transcription after ischemia-reperfusion lung injury.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283, no. 4 (October 2002): L815–29. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00485.2001.
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  - Nie, Robert G., Sarah D. McCarter, Kenneth A. Harris, Patty J. Lee, Xuchen Zhang, Aurelia Bihari, Daryl Gray, Christian Wunder, Robert W. Brock, and Richard F. Potter. “The role of endogenous heme oxygenase in the initiation of liver injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion.” J Hepatol 36, no. 5 (May 2002): 624–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00025-9.
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  - Mantell, L. L., and P. J. Lee. “Signal transduction pathways in hyperoxia-induced lung cell death.” Mol Genet Metab 71, no. 1–2 (September 2000): 359–70. https://doi.org/10.1006/mgme.2000.3046.
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  - Lee, P. J., S. L. Camhi, B. Y. Chin, J. Alam, and A. M. Choi. “AP-1 and STAT mediate hyperoxia-induced gene transcription of heme oxygenase-1.” Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279, no. 1 (July 2000): L175–82. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.1.L175.
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  - Lee, P. J., B. H. Jiang, B. Y. Chin, N. V. Iyer, J. Alam, G. L. Semenza, and A. M. Choi. “Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates transcriptional activation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene in response to hypoxia.” J Biol Chem 272, no. 9 (February 28, 1997): 5375–81.
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  - Lee, P. J., J. Alam, G. W. Wiegand, and A. M. Choi. “Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in human pulmonary epithelial cells results in cell growth arrest and increased resistance to hyperoxia.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, no. 19 (September 17, 1996): 10393–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.19.10393.
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  - Lee, P. J., J. Alam, S. L. Sylvester, N. Inamdar, L. Otterbein, and A. M. Choi. “Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in vivo and in vitro in hyperoxic lung injury.” Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14, no. 6 (June 1996): 556–68. https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.14.6.8652184.
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  - Turner, C. R., R. Breslow, M. J. Conklyn, C. J. Andresen, D. K. Patterson, A. Lopez-Anaya, B. Owens, P. Lee, J. W. Watson, and H. J. Showell. “In vitro and in vivo effects of leukotriene B4 antagonism in a primate model of asthma.” J Clin Invest 97, no. 2 (January 15, 1996): 381–87. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118426.
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  - Prestera, T., P. Talalay, J. Alam, Y. I. Ahn, P. J. Lee, and A. M. Choi. “Parallel induction of heme oxygenase-1 and chemoprotective phase 2 enzymes by electrophiles and antioxidants: regulation by upstream antioxidant-responsive elements (ARE).” Mol Med 1, no. 7 (November 1995): 827–37.
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  - Camhi, S. L., P. Lee, and A. M. Choi. “The oxidative stress response.” New Horiz 3, no. 2 (May 1995): 170–82.
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- Book Sections
  - Lee, P. J., M. Sasidhar, L. E. Otterbein, J. M. Sethi, and A. M. K. Choi. “Heme oxygenase-1 in lung disease.” In Disease Markers in Exhaled Breath, 117–31, 2002.
- Conference Papers
  - Kim, S., C. Hwangbo, P. Shan, Y. Zhang, L. Macadlo, J. Ou, P. Tata, E. Coutavas, and P. Lee. “Epigenetic Alterations in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 203, 2021.
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  - Kim, S., C. Zhou, E. Coutavas, and P. Lee. “Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Tom70 Expression and Its Role in Mitochondria.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 203, 2021.
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  - Manning, E. P., A. B. Ramachandra, C. Cavinato, J. Schupp, A. Justet, J. Lamy, D. Peters, et al. “Age-related Changes in Structure, Function, and Transcriptomics of the Human Proximal Pulmonary Artery (PPA).” In Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 70:S11–12, 2020.
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  - Kim, S., F. Wan, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, E. Ifedigbo, L. Leng, R. Bucala, P. Lee, and M. Sauler. “MIF-CD74 Signaling Protects Against Endothelial Senescence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 201, 2020.
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  - Otterbein, L. E., P. J. Lee, B. Y. Chin, I. Petrache, S. L. Camhi, J. Alam, and A. M. Choi. “Protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 in acute lung injury.” In Chest, 116:61S-63S, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.116.suppl_1.61s-a.
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- Participant. Faculty Curriculum on Anti-Racism. Duke Office of Faculty Advancement. January 11, 2021 - January 14, 2021 2021

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