Scholars@Duke
Rebecca Young

Rebecca Young

Biostatistician, Senior
Duke Clinical Research Institute
rebecca.t.young@duke.edu
200 Morris Street, Durham, NC 27701

Selected Publications

Association of Race and Ethnicity With High-Potency P2Y12 Inhibitors Prescription Among Patients With Acute MI Undergoing PCI: An Analysis From the CathPCI Registry.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Interv · February 2026 BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic disparities exist in postacute myocardial infarction (AMI) care. High-potency P2Y12 inhibitors use among patients with AMI who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carries a class I indication in the guidelines. Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of Acute Kidney Injury Risk and Same-Day Discharge Practices After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Journal Article J Am Heart Assoc · November 4, 2025 BACKGROUND: Same-day discharge (SDD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be altered when complications occur. We sought to determine whether risk of the most common complication, acute kidney injury (AKI), is associated with SDD in practice. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vericiguat and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure by Baseline Diabetes Status: Insights From the VICTORIA Trial.

Journal Article JACC Heart Fail · October 2024 BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly worsens heart failure (HF) prognosis. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the impact of T2DM on outcomes in patients enrolled in VICTORIA and assess the efficacy of vericiguat in patients w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depression and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Black Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death.

Journal Article J Am Heart Assoc · July 16, 2024 BACKGROUND: Black patients meeting indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have lower rates of implantation compared with White patients. There is little understanding of how mental health impacts the decision-making process among Bl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variations in antibiotic prescribing among children enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid, 2013-2019.

Journal Article J Rural Health · June 2024 PURPOSE: The majority of pediatric antibiotic prescribing occurs in the outpatient setting and inappropriate use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. There are regional variations in outpatient antibiotic use with the highest rates occurring in the Sou ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of a Multidimensional Strategy to Reduce Post-PCI Bleeding Risk.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Interv · March 2024 BACKGROUND: The American College of Cardiology Reduce the Risk: PCI Bleed Campaign was a hospital-based quality improvement campaign designed to reduce post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) bleeding events. The aim of the campaign was to provide ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Journal Article J Am Heart Assoc · February 6, 2024 BACKGROUND: Patients with ischemic stroke and concomitant COVID-19 infection have worse outcomes than those without this infection, but the impact of COVID-19 on hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 worsens outcomes in intrace ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children.

Journal Article Gut Microbes · 2024 Antibiotic resistance is a global threat driven primarily by antibiotic use. We evaluated the effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of children at high risk of colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We performed shot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions about Antibiotic Stewardship Programs among Neonatology Trainees.

Journal Article Am J Perinatol · June 2023 OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic stewardship should be an essential component of neonatology training as neonatal intensive care units (NICU) have unique stewardship needs. Our aim was to assess neonatology fellowship trainees' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial Inequities in Sepsis Mortality Among Children in the United States.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · May 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: Racial inequities influence health outcomes in the United States, but their impact on sepsis outcomes among children is understudied. We aimed to evaluate for racial inequities in sepsis mortality using a nationally representative sample of ped ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparing Consumer-Directed Hospital Rankings With STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Outcomes.

Journal Article Ann Thorac Surg · February 2023 BACKGROUND: Public interest in stratifying hospital performance has led to the proliferation of commercial, consumer-oriented hospital rankings. In cardiac surgery, little is known about how these rankings correlate with clinical registry quality ratings. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database.

Journal Article J Card Surg · December 2022 PURPOSE: There have been reported reductions of hospital presentation for acute cardiovascular conditions such as myocardial infarction and acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined presen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heart failure quality of care and in-hospital outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure registry.

Journal Article Eur J Heart Fail · June 2022 AIMS: To assess heart failure (HF) in-hospital quality of care and outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients hospitalized for HF with ejection fraction (EF) <40% in the American Heart Association Get With The Guideline ... Full text Link to item Cite

Burden of healthcare-associated infections among hospitalized children within community hospitals participating in an infection control network.

Journal Article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · April 2022 We describe the frequency of pediatric healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) identified through prospective surveillance in community hospitals participating in an infection control network. Over a 6-year period, 84 HAIs were identified. Of these 51 (61% ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are associated with decreased risk of pneumococcal colonization during infancy.

Journal Article ISME J · March 2022 Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of severe infections among children and adults. Interactions between commensal microbes in the upper respiratory tract and S. pneumoniae are poorly described. In this study, we sought to identify i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for CMV Viremia and Treatment-Associated Adverse Events Among Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · February 2022 BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There are limited data on risk factors for CMV viremia and the safety of antiviral medications used to treat CMV in children. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, but the sustained effect of these vaccines can be diminished by an increase in disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes. To describe pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Bo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epstein-Barr Virus DNAemia and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 BACKGROUND: Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients commonly have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia and are at risk of developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). EBV DNAemia has not been analyzed on a continuous scale in this ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations and Deaths in Botswana.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · July 15, 2021 BACKGROUND: Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children. Few data exist regarding the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) on the burden of childhood pneumonia in A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maternal Blood Pressure in Relation to Prenatal Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Ghanaian Cohort: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Cohort Analysis.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · June 2021 BackgroundIt is unknown whether prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) affect blood pressure (BP). Associations between hypertension and birth outcomes using recently updated BP cutoffs are undetermined.ObjectivesWe aimed to ass ... Full text Cite

Associations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins with Infant Morbidity and Inflammation in Malawian Mother-Infant Dyads.

Journal Article Current developments in nutrition · May 2021 BackgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins likely benefit infant health, but information on these relations is sparse.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins with ... Full text Cite

Risks and outcomes of adenovirus disease in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients-Comparison of current antiviral treatment options.

Journal Article Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · April 2021 BackgroundAdenovirus disease (ADVd) is a significant burden in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. However, current knowledge of risk factors associated with poor clinical outcome and the effectiveness of antiviral ther ... Full text Cite

Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads.

Journal Article The American journal of clinical nutrition · January 2021 BackgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive breast milk proteins have many beneficial properties. Information is sparse regarding associations between these milk constituents and infant growth and development in lower-income countri ... Full text Cite

Anaerobic Antibiotics and the Risk of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Journal Article Biol Blood Marrow Transplant · November 2020 Certain anaerobic bacteria are important for maintenance of gut barrier integrity and immune tolerance and may influence the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We conducted a single-cen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microbiology of Bloodstream Infections in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience Over Two Decades (1997-2017).

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · November 2020 BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur frequently after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We examined the microbiology of BSI in pediatric HSCT recipients over a 2-decade period at our institution to inform empirical antimicrobial pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi.

Journal Article Scientific reports · September 2020 An unhealthy gut microbial community may act as a barrier to improvement in growth and health outcomes in response to nutritional interventions. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the infant microbiota modified the effects of a randomi ... Full text Cite

Impact of a nutritional supplement during gestation and early childhood on child salivary cortisol, hair cortisol, and telomere length at 4-6 years of age: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · September 2020 Dysregulation of the stress response can occur early in life and may be affected by nutrition. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term effect of nutritional supplementation during gestation and early childhood on child cortisol and buccal telomere leng ... Full text Cite

Long-term stability of microbiome diversity and composition in fecal samples stored in eNAT medium.

Journal Article Microbiologyopen · July 2020 Fecal samples collected for microbiome analyses are typically frozen to avoid postcollection changes in microbial composition. eNAT is a guanidine thiocyanate-based medium that stabilizes microbial DNA and allows safe specimen handling and shipping by inac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Microbiology and Risk Factors for Hospital-Associated Bloodstream Infections Among Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · April 2020 BACKGROUND: Children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk for hospital-associated bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs). This study aimed to describe the incidence, microbiology, and risk factors for HA-BSI in pediatric HSC ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Provision of Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements to Mothers During Pregnancy and 6 Months Postpartum and to Their Infants from 6 to 18 Months Promotes Infant Gut Microbiota Diversity at 18 Months of Age but Not Microbiota Maturation in a Rural Malawian Setting: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Trial.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · April 2020 BackgroundDiet may alter the configuration of gut microbiota, but the impact of prenatal and postnatal nutritional interventions on infant gut microbiota has not been investigated.ObjectiveWe evaluated whether providing lipid-based nutrie ... Full text Cite

Supplementation with Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Does Not Increase Child Morbidity in a Semiurban Setting in Ghana: A Secondary Outcome Noninferiority Analysis of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · February 2020 BackgroundAdequate knowledge about the safety of consumption of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNSs) is needed.ObjectiveWe aimed to test the hypothesis that SQ-LNS consumption is noninferior to control with respect to ... Full text Cite

Maternal and child factors associated with child body fatness in a Ghanaian cohort.

Journal Article Public health nutrition · February 2020 ObjectiveWe aimed to identify factors (child diet, physical activity; maternal BMI) associated with body composition of Ghanaian pre-school children.DesignLongitudinal analysis of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and determinants of gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Niger.

Journal Article Maternal & child nutrition · January 2020 Low gestational weight gain (GWG) and low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of low GWG and low MUAC among pregnant women in rural Zinder, Niger. A community ... Full text Cite

A Prospective Study on Child Morbidity and Gut Microbiota in Rural Malawi.

Journal Article Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · October 2019 ObjectivesThe determinants of gut microbiota composition and its effects on common childhood illnesses are only partly understood, especially in low-income settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether morbidity predicts gut mi ... Full text Cite

The effects of supplementing maternal and infant diets with lipid-based nutrient supplements on physical activity and sedentary behaviour at preschool age in Ghana.

Journal Article The British journal of nutrition · October 2019 Evidence on whether nutritional supplementation affects physical activity (PA) during early childhood is limited. We examined the long-term effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) on total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary behaviou ... Full text Cite

The association of early linear growth and haemoglobin concentration with later cognitive, motor, and social-emotional development at preschool age in Ghana.

Journal Article Maternal & child nutrition · October 2019 It is important to identify the periods during childhood when exposure to environmental risk factors results in long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Stunting and anaemia may be sensitive indicators of exposure to such risks. In a prospective cohort enrol ... Full text Cite

The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation.

Journal Article Scientific reports · September 2019 We tested the hypotheses that a more mature or diverse gut microbiota will be positively associated with infant growth and inversely associated with inflammation. We characterized gut microbiota from the stool samples of Malawian infants at 6 mo (n = 527), ... Full text Cite

Maternal and Infant Lipid-Based Nutritional Supplementation Increases Height of Ghanaian Children at 4-6 Years Only if the Mother Was Not Overweight Before Conception.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · May 2019 BackgroundFew studies have evaluated the long-term effects of nutritional supplementation during the first 1000 d of life. We previously reported that maternal and child lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) increased child length by 18 mo.Ob ... Full text Cite

Exposure to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement during early life does not increase the level of sweet taste most preferred among 4- to 6-year-old Ghanaian children: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article The American journal of clinical nutrition · April 2019 BackgroundThe impact of feeding a slightly sweet nutrient supplement early in life on later sweet taste preference is unknown.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that the level of sucrose most preferred by 4-6-y-old children exposed to a sl ... Full text Cite

Exposure to a Slightly Sweet Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement During Early Life Does Not Increase the Preference for or Consumption of Sweet Foods and Beverages by 4-6-y-Old Ghanaian Preschool Children: Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · March 2019 BackgroundWhether consuming sweet foods early in life affects sweet food preferences and consumption later in childhood is unknown.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that exposure to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) e ... Full text Cite

Maternal-Infant Supplementation with Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Does Not Affect Child Blood Pressure at 4-6 Y in Ghana: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · March 2019 BackgroundIn the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD-Ghana trial, prenatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) had a positive effect on birth weight. Birth weight may be inversely related to blood pressur ... Full text Cite

Prenatal and postnatal lipid-based nutrient supplementation and cognitive, social-emotional, and motor function in preschool-aged children in Ghana: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article The American journal of clinical nutrition · February 2019 BackgroundAdequate nutrition is necessary for brain development during pregnancy and infancy. Few randomized controlled trials of supplementation during these periods have measured later developmental outcomes.ObjectiveOur objective was t ... Full text Cite

The mixed effects of a package of multilevel interventions on the health and care of pregnant women in Zinder, Niger.

Journal Article BMJ global health · January 2019 BackgroundAnaemia is prevalent among pregnant women in rural Niger and antenatal care (ANC) attendance is suboptimal. We designed a programmatic intervention including community-based behaviour change communication, provision of essential drugs (i ... Full text Cite

The effects of a nutrient supplementation intervention in Ghana on parents' investments in their children.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 A child's endowment is a reflection of his/her genetic makeup and the conditions faced in early life. Parents build on their child's endowment by investing resources in their child, and together, a child's endowment and subsequent investments act as input ... Full text Cite

Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Gaps, and Development of Food-Based Recommendations, among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Zinder, Niger: An Optifood Linear Programming Analysis.

Journal Article Nutrients · January 2019 Pregnant and lactating women in rural Niger are at high risk for inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. Thus, 24 h dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed for dietary intakes in this population (n = 202). Using linear programming analyse ... Full text Cite

Ghanaian parents' perceptions of pre and postnatal nutrient supplements and their effects.

Journal Article Maternal & child nutrition · October 2018 Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been studied in efficacy and effectiveness trials, but little is known about how parents perceive the products and their effects. In a randomised trial in Ghana, efficacy of SQ-LNS provided to w ... Full text Cite

Maternal supplementation with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy and lactation does not reduce depressive symptoms at 6 months postpartum in Ghanaian women: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Archives of women's mental health · February 2018 We examined the impact on depression at 6 months postpartum of maternal supplementation with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) compared to supplementation with iron and folic acid (IFA) or multiple micronutrients (MMN). In this partia ... Full text Cite

Prevalence of and factors associated with antenatal care seeking and adherence to recommended iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Zinder, Niger.

Journal Article Maternal & child nutrition · February 2018 The World Health Organization recommends iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for pregnant women. The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Niger warrants better understanding of the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and IFA. We aimed t ... Full text Cite

Eggs early in complementary feeding increase choline pathway biomarkers and DHA: a randomized controlled trial in Ecuador.

Journal Article The American journal of clinical nutrition · December 2017 Background: Choline status has been associated with stunting among young children. Findings from this study showed that an egg intervention improved linear growth by a length-for-age z score of 0.63.Objective: We aimed to test the effi ... Full text Cite

Daily Consumption of Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Containing 250 μg Iodine Does Not Increase Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Bangladesh.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · August 2017 Background: Maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation is common in Bangladesh.Objective: We evaluated the effect of lipid-based nutrient supplements for pregnant and lactating women (LNS-PL) on urinary iodine concentration (UI ... Full text Cite

Urinary iodine concentration identifies pregnant women as iodine deficient yet school-aged children as iodine sufficient in rural Niger.

Journal Article Public health nutrition · May 2017 ObjectiveTo assess iodine status among pregnant women in rural Zinder, Niger and to compare their status with the iodine status of school-aged children from the same households.DesignSeventy-three villages in the catchment area of sixteen ... Full text Cite

Micronutrient Status among Pregnant Women in Zinder, Niger and Risk Factors Associated with Deficiency.

Journal Article Nutrients · April 2017 Anemia and micronutrient (MN) deficiencies in pregnant women are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In Niger, 58.6% of pregnant women are anemic; however, MN statuses are unknown. The study objectives were to estimate the prevalence of MN deficien ... Full text Cite

Effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement during pregnancy and lactation on maternal plasma fatty acid status and lipid profile: Results of two randomized controlled trials.

Journal Article Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · February 2017 It is unknown whether a novel small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) containing alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acids impacts maternal plasma lipids and fatty acid status. We measured plasma fatty acids (wt%) and lipid concentrations at ... Full text Cite