William E. Winner | Scholars@Duke

William E. Winner
Professor of Environmental Science at Duke Kunshan University

Dr. Winner is a Professor of Science at Duke Kunshan University. He received his B.A. and M.A. Teaching degrees in Biology from Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon, an M.A. in Biology from the University of South Dakota and a Ph.D. in Biology from the University of Calgary, Canada. Dr. Winner has led the development of and directed environmental science research centers and academic programs at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Oregon State University, and North Carolina State University. He also worked in research administration at the National Science Foundation. His scientific background and research focus on plant physiological and ecological responses to environmental change. His teaching and research interests at Duke Kunshan University include Integrated Science, Biology, and Environmental Science especially life cycle analysis and systems thinking.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Environmental Science at Duke Kunshan University, DKU Faculty, Duke Kunshan University 2018

Contact Information

404 Chapel Drive, Flowers Building, Suite 214, Durham, NC 27708
404 Chapel Drive, Flowers Building, Suite 214, Durham, NC 27708
william.winner@dukekunshan.edu.cn (919) 668-0377
Duke Kunshan University

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Calgary 1978
- M.A., University of South Dakota at Vermillion 1974
- M.A.T., Lewis & Clark College 1973
- A.B., Lewis & Clark College 1970
Academic Positions Outside Duke
- Professor, Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University. 2006 - 2017
- Visiting Professor, Dept. of Botany, Duke University. 1993 - 1994
- Associate/Full Professor, Botany & Plant Path., Oregon State University. 1987 - 2006
- Assistant Professor, Plant Physiology & Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 1982 - 1987
- Postdoctoral Scholar, Dept. Biology, Stanford University. 1978 - 1982
Expertise
Subject Headings
- Air Pollution
- Air--Pollution
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
  - China (Country)
- Research
  - China (Country)
- Teaching
  - China (Country)
  - Ghana (Country)
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Winner, WE. A Handbook for Analytical Writing: Keys to Strategic Thinking. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2013.
  - Mooney, HA, Winner, WE, and Pell, EJ. Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses. December 2, 2012. Full Text
  - Mooney, HA, Winner, WE, and Pell, EJ. Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses. December 2, 2012. Full Text
  - Woodwell, GM. Biologic Markers of Air-pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. National Academies Press, 1989.
  - Phelps, LB. Responses of Trees to Air Pollution: The Role of Branch Studies. Edited by W Winner. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. (Edited Book)
  - Winner, WE, Mooney, HA, and Goldstein, RA. Sulfur Dioxide and Vegetation Physiology, Ecology, and Policy Issues. Stanford University Press, 1985.
- Book Sections
  - Matyssek, R, Reich, P, Oren, R, and Winner, WE. "Response Mechanisms of Conifers to Air Pollutants." In Ecophysiology of Coniferous Forests, 255-308. October 22, 2013. Full Text
  - Mooney, HA, and Winner, WE. "Partitioning Response of Plants to Stress." In Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses, 129-141. December 2, 2012. Full Text
  - Winner, WD, and Ricketson, RS. "Inventory of leader sternness (ILS)." In Online Instruments, Data Collection, and Electronic Measurements: Organizational Advancements, 188-203. December 1, 2012. Full Text
  - Winner, W, and Waring, RH. "Constraints in primary productivity in temperate forests along the Pacific coast of North and South America." In High Latitude Rain Forests and Associated Ecosystems of the West Coast of the Americas: Climate, Hydrology, Ecology, and Conservation. Orlando, FL.,: Academic Press, 1996. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Matyssek, R, Reich, P, and Oren, R. "Response mechanisms of conifers to air pollutants." In EcoPhysiology of Coniferous Forests, 255-307. New York,: Academic Press, 1995. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Coleman, JS, Gillespie, C, Mooney, HP, and Pell, EJ. "Consequences of evolving resistance to air pollutants." In Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution, 177-202.: Springer-Verlag Pub, 1991. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Mooney, HA. "Partitioning plant responses to stress." In Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses, 129-141. New York,: Academic Press, 1991. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W. "Plants: Their emergence from seeds." In Biology: The Network of Life, 547-563. New York,: Harper Collins Pub., 1991. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W. "Plant-environment relations." In Biology: The Network of Life, 569-582. New York,: Harper Collins Pub., 1991. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W. "Plant adaptations and reproduction." In Biology: The Network of Life, 587-606. New York,: Harper Collins Pub., 1991. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Berg, VS, and Langston-Unkefer, PJ. "The use of stable sulfur and nitrogen isotopes in studies of plant responses to air pollution." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 454-470. New York,: Springer-Verlag, 1989. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Greitner, CS. "Field methods used for air pollution research with plants." In Plant Physiological Ecology, 399-425. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W. "Photosynthesis and transpiration measurements as biomarkers of air pollution effects on forests." In Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests, 303-316. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Gillespie, C, Shen, WS, and Mooney, HA. "Stomatal responses to SO2 and O3." In Air Pollution and Plant Metabolism, 255-271. London: Elsevier Applied Sciences, 1988. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Mooney, HA. "Carbon gain, allocation and growth as affected by air pollutants." In Air Pollution and Plant Metabolism, 272-287. London: Elsevier Applied Sciences, 1988. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Mansfield, TA, Evans, LS, Berg, VS, Pell, EJ, Reid, DM, Shriner, DS, and Unsworth, MH. "Perspectives of air pollution effects on crop plants: Summary report." In Effects of Acidic Deposition on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems, 627-630. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Atkinson, JC. "Annual absorption of gaseous air pollutants by mosses and vascular plants in diverse habitats." In Effects of Acidic Deposition on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems, 427-438. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Mooney, HA, Williams, K, and von Caemmerer, S. "Measuring and assessing the effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and plant growth." In Sulfur Dioxide and Vegetation: Physiology, Ecology, and Policy Issues, 118-132. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Mooney, HA. "Historical introduction to research on SO2 impact of plants." In Sulfur Dioxide and Vegetation: Physiology, Ecology and Policy Issues, 1-7. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, and Casadevall, T. "Fir (Abies sp.) leaves as thermometers during the major Mount St. Helens eruption: Cuticular melting from volcanic heat." In The 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, 315-320. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: Geological Survey Professional Paper 1250, 1980. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W. "The effect of SO2 on photosynthesis and stomatal behavior of Mediterranean-climate shrubs and trees." In Components of Productivity of Mediterranean Regions--Basic and Applied Aspects, 91-103. The Hague: W. Junk Pub., 1980. (Chapter)
  - Winner, W, Bewley, JD, Halmer, P, and Krochko, J. "Metabolism of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive mosses: Respiration, ATP synthesis, and carbohydrate status." In Dry Biological Systems, edited by JS Clegg and JH Crow, 185-203. Academic Press, 1977. (Chapter)
- Conference Papers
  - Winner, WE, and Thomas, SC. "Photosynthesis in canopies of old growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock: the role of light limitation in winter." AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, July 1, 1997. Link to Item
  - Pell, EJ, Temple, PJ, Friend, AL, Mooney, HA, and Winner, WE. "Compensation as a Plant Response to Ozone and Associated Stresses: An Analysis of ROPIS Experiments." 1994. Full Text
  - WINNER, WE, COLEMAN, JS, GILLESPIE, C, MOONEY, HA, and PELL, EJ. "CONSEQUENCES OF EVOLVING RESISTANCE TO AIR-POLLUTANTS." SYMP ON ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND AIR POLLUTION. PHOENIX, AZ. April 1, 1989. SPRINGER-VERLAG, January 1, 1991. Link to Item
  - Greitner, CS, and Winner, WE. "Nutrient effects on responses of willow and alder to ozone." December 1, 1989.
  - LEININGER, T, and WINNER, W. "A COMPARISON OF RAINFALL AND THROUGHFALL CHEMISTRY ON 2 FORESTED SITES DIFFERING MARKEDLY IN SOIL FERTILITY." AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC, January 1, 1985. Link to Item
  - OLSON, RL, WINNER, WE, and MOORE, LD. "THE EFFECT OF CONCURRENT OZONE AND ACID-RAIN TREATMENTS ON RADISH GROWTH - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS." AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC, January 1, 1985. Link to Item
  - WINNER, WE, and BEWLEY, JD. "ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS OF SO2 UPON TERRESTRIAL MOSSES." AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, January 1, 1977. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Geidel, G, and Winner, WE. "Environmental Science: the interdisciplinary STEM field." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 2016): 336-343. Full Text
  - Winner, WE. "Advancing Sustainability with Leapfrog Technologies: Lighting a Billion Lives." Sustainability: The Journal of Record 8, no. 5 (October 2015): 243-244. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Dickey, DA, and Showalter, DS. "Sustainability and Metrics: Use of Statistics and Independent Auditing." Sustainability: The Journal of Record 8, no. 2 (April 2015): 54-60. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Champion, E. "Embedding Environmental Academic Programs in Higher Education: Rebuilding Environmental Sciences at North Carolina State University." Sustainability: The Journal of Record 6, no. 6 (December 2013): 327-332. Full Text
  - Winner, W, Peterson, SC, and Lambert, C. "Balance in the Klamath Basin." Solutions for a Sustainable and Desirable Future 4, no. 5 (2013): 63-67.
  - Winner, WE, and Champion, E. "Environmental Academic Programs: Advancing Sustainability with a New Environmental Agenda." Sustainability: The Journal of Record 5, no. 4 (August 2012): 248-254. Full Text
  - Cooper, CE, Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Foliar respiration in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 1 (January 2006): 216-226. Full Text
  - Lucash, MS, Farnsworth, B, and Winner, WE. "Response of sagebrush steppe species to elevated CO2 and soil temperature." Western North American Naturalist 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 80-86.
  - Parker, GG, Harmon, ME, Lefsky, MA, Chen, J, Pelt, RV, Weis, SB, Thomas, SC, Winner, WE, Shaw, DC, and Frankling, JF. "Three-dimensional Structure of an Old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga Canopy and Its Implications for Radiation Balance, Microclimate, and Gas Exchange." Ecosystems 7, no. 5 (August 2004). Full Text
  - Paw U, K, Falk, M, Suchanek, T, Ustin, S, Chen, J, Park, Y-S, Winner, W, Thomas, S, Hsiao, T, Shaw, R, King, T, Pyles, R, Schroeder, M, and Matista, A. "Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between an Old-growth Forest and the Atmosphere." Ecosystems 7, no. 5 (August 2004). Full Text
  - Winner, W, Thomas, S, Berry, J, Bond, B, Cooper, C, Hinckley, T, Ehleringer, J, Fessenden, J, Lamb, B, McCarthy, S, McDowell, N, Phillips, N, and Williams, M. "Canopy Carbon Gain and Water Use: Analysis of Old-growth Conifers in the Pacific Northwest." Ecosystems 7, no. 5 (August 2004). Full Text
  - Lomax, TL, Findlay, KA, White, TJ, and Winner, WE. "Plant-centered biosystems in space environments: technological concepts for developing a plant genetic assessment and control system." Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology 16, no. 2 (June 2003): 91-99.
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Erratum: Photosynthetic differences between saplings and adult trees: An integration of field results by meta-analysis (Tree Physiology (2002) 22 (117-127))." Tree Physiology 22, no. 11 (August 1, 2002): 817-.
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Photosynthetic differences between saplings and adult trees: an integration of field results by meta-analysis (vol 22, pg 117, 2002)." TREE PHYSIOLOGY 22, no. 11 (August 1, 2002): 817-817. Link to Item
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Photosynthetic differences between saplings and adult trees: an integration of field results by meta-analysis." Tree physiology 22, no. 2-3 (February 2002): 117-127. Full Text
  - Kleier, C, Farnsworth, B, and Winner, W. "Photosynthesis and biomass allocation of radish cv. "Cherry Belle" in response to root temperature and ozone." Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 111, no. 1 (January 2001): 127-133. Full Text
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Leaf area index of an old-growth Douglas-fir forest estimated from direct structural measurements in the canopy." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 12 (December 2000): 1922-1930. Full Text
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "Leaf area index of an old-growth Douglas-fir forest estimated from direct structural measurements in the canopy." CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE 30, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1922-1930. (Academic Article) Full Text Link to Item
  - Thomas, SC, and Winner, WE. "A rotated ellipsoidal angle density function improves estimation of foliage inclination distributions in forest canopies." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 100, no. 1 (January 2000): 19-24. Full Text
  - Bond, BJ, Farnsworth, BT, Coulombe, RA, and Winner, WE. "Foliage physiology and biochemistry in response to light gradients in conifers with varying shade tolerance." Oecologia 120, no. 2 (August 1999): 183-192. Full Text
  - KLEIER, C, FARNSWORTH, B, and WINNER, W. "Biomass, reproductive output, and physiological responses of rapid-cycling Brassica (Brassica rapa) to ozone and modified root temperature." New Phytologist 139, no. 4 (August 1998): 657-664. Full Text
  - GRIFFIN, KL, WINNER, WE, and STRAIN, BR. "Construction cost of loblolly and ponderosa pine leaves grown with varying carbon and nitrogen availability." Plant, Cell and Environment 19, no. 6 (June 1996): 729-738. Full Text
  - GRIFFIN, KL, WINNER, WE, and STRAIN, BR. "Growth and dry matter partitioning in loblolly and ponderosa pine seedlings in response to carbon and nitrogen availability." New Phytologist 129, no. 4 (April 1995): 547-556. Full Text
  - Winner, WE. "Mechanistic Analysis of Plant Responses To Air Pollution." Ecological Applications 4, no. 4 (November 1994): 651-661. Full Text
  - GREITNER, CS, PELL, EJ, and WINNER, WE. "Analysis of aspen foliage exposed to multiple stresses: ozone, nitrogen deficiency and drought." New Phytologist 127, no. 3 (June 1994): 579-589. Full Text
  - PELL, EJ, SINN, JP, ECKARDT, R, VINTEN JOHANSEN, C, WINNER, WE, and MOONEY, HA. "Response of radish to multiple stresses: II. Influence of season and genotype on plant response to ozone and soil moisture deficit." New Phytologist 123, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 153-163. Full Text
  - Atkinson, CJ, and Winner, WE. "Interactions of SO2 with other environmental stresses in influencing leaf gas exchange." Oecologia 84, no. 4 (October 1990): 500-505. Full Text
  - PELL, EJ, WINNER, WE, VINTEN-JOHANSEN, C, and MOONEY, HA. "Response of radish to multiple stresses. I. Physiological and growth responses to changes in ozone and nitrogen." New Phytologist 115, no. 3 (July 1990): 439-446. Full Text
  - Coleman, JS, Mooney, HA, and Winner, WE. "Anthropogenic stress and natural selection: variability in radish biomass accumulation increases with increasing SO 2 dose." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (January 1990): 102-106. Full Text
  - Leininger, TD. "Root Disease Incidence in Eastern White Pine Plantations With and Without Symptoms of Ozone Injury in the Coweeta Basin of North Carolina." Plant Disease 74, no. 8 (1990): 552-552. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Lefohn, AS, Cotter, IS, Greitner, CS, Nellessen, J, McEvoy, LR, Olson, RL, Atkinson, CJ, and Moore, LD. "Plant responses to elevational gradients of O(3) exposures in Virginia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86, no. 22 (November 1989): 8828-8832. Full Text
  - GREITNER, CS, and WINNER, WE. "Effects of O3 on alder photosynthesis and symbiosis with Frankia." New Phytologist 111, no. 4 (April 1989): 647-656. Full Text
  - ATKINSON, CJ, and WINNER, WE. "Modification of Stomatal Conductance by Sulphur Dioxide." Journal of Experimental Botany 40, no. 4 (1989): 461-467. Full Text
  - GILLESPIE, CT, and WINNER, WE. "Development of lines of radish differing in resistance to O3and SO2." New Phytologist 112, no. 3 (January 1, 1989): 353-361. Full Text
  - WINNER, WE, PARKINSON, KJ, MCDERMITT, DK, ROEMER, SC, and CLINE, SP. "MEASUREMENT AND COMPARISON OF GAS-EXCHANGE OF PINUS-HALEPENSIS AND FLAVERIA-BROWNII USING COMMERCIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS SYSTEMS." PHOTOSYNTHETICA 23, no. 4 (January 1, 1989): 585-602. (Academic Article) Link to Item
  - ATKINSON, CJ, ROBE, SV, and WINNER, WE. "The relationship between changes in photosynthesis and growth for radish plants fumigated with SO2 and O3." New Phytologist 110, no. 2 (October 1988): 173-184. Full Text
  - Mooney, HA, Küppers, M, Koch, G, Gorham, J, Chu, C, and Winner, WE. "Compensating effects to growth of carbon partitioning changes in response to SO2-induced photosynthetic reduction in radish." Oecologia 75, no. 4 (May 1988): 502-506. Full Text
  - Atkinson, CJ, Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Gas exchange and SO2 fumigation studies with irrigated and unirrigated field grown Diplacus aurantiacus and Heteromeles arbutifolia." Oecologia 75, no. 3 (April 1988): 386-393. Full Text
  - GREITNER, CS, and WINNER, WE. "Increases in delta13 values of radish and soybean plants caused by ozone." New Phytologist 108, no. 4 (April 1988): 489-494. Full Text
  - Leininger, TD, and Winner, WE. "Throughfall chemistry beneath Quercus rubra : atmospheric, foliar, and soil chemistry considerations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 4 (April 1988): 478-482. Full Text
  - Koch, GW, Winner, WE, Nardone, A, and Mooney, HA. "A system for controlling the root and shoot environment for plant growth studies." Environmental and Experimental Botany 27, no. 4 (October 1987): 365-377. Full Text
  - ATKINSON, CJ, and WINNER, WE. "GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROMELES ARBUTIFOLIA DURING FUMIGATION WITH SULPHUR DIOXIDE." New Phytologist 106, no. 3 (July 1987): 423-436. Full Text
  - ATKINSON, CJ, and WINNER, WE. "GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROMELES ARBUTIFOLIA DURING FUMIGATION WITH SULPHUR DIOXIDE." New Phytologist 106, no. 1 (May 1987): 423-436. Full Text
  - Olson, RL, Winner, WE, and Moore, LD. "Effects of ‘pristine’ and ‘industrial’ simulated acidic precipitation on greenhouse-grown radishes." Environmental and Experimental Botany 27, no. 2 (April 1987): 239-244. Full Text
  - Osmond, CB, Austin, MP, Berry, JA, Billings, WD, Boyer, JS, Dacey, JWH, Nobel, PS, Smith, SD, and Winner, WE. "Stress Physiology and the Distribution of Plants." BioScience 37, no. 1 (January 1987): 38-48. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Cotter, IS, Powers, HR, and Skelly, JM. "Screening loblolly pine seedling responses to SO2 and O3: analysis of families differing in resistance to fusiform rust disease." Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 47, no. 3 (January 1987): 205-220. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Atkinson, CJ. "Annual absorption of gaseous air pollutants by mosses and vascular plants in diverse habitats." Effects of atmospheric pollutants on forests, wetlands and agricultural ecosystems. Proc. Toronto, 1985 (January 1, 1987): 427-438.
  - ATKINSON, CJ, WINNER, WE, and MOONEY, HA. "A field portable gas-exchange system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange rates of leaves during fumigation with SO2." Plant, Cell and Environment 9, no. 9 (December 1986): 711-719. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Atkinson, CJ. "Absorption of air pollution by plants, and consequences for growth." Trends in ecology & evolution 1, no. 1 (July 1986): 15-18. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Ecology of SO2 resistance : V. effects of volcanic SO2 on native Hawaiian plants." Oecologia 66, no. 3 (June 1985): 387-393. Full Text
  - Chevone, BI, Yang, YS, Winner, WE, Storks-Cotter, I, and Long, SJ. "A Rainfall Simulator for Laboratory Use in Acidic Precipitation Studies." Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 34, no. 4 (April 1984): 355-359. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Bewley, JD. "Photosynthesis and respiration of feather mosses fumigated at different hydration levels with SO 2." Canadian Journal of Botany 61, no. 5 (May 1983): 1456-1461. Full Text
  - Ball, CT, Keeley, J, Mooney, H, Seemann, J, and Winner, W. "Relationship between form, function, and distribution of two Arctostaphylos species ( Ericaceae) and their putative hybrids." Acta Oecologica/Oecologia Plantarum 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1983): 153-164.
  - Winner, WE, Chevone, BI, Chappelka, A, and Skelly, JM. "Rainfall chemistry and potential beneficial-detrimental impact to indigenous vegetation." (January 1, 1983).
  - Winner, WE, and Casadevall, TJ. "The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption cloud on fir (Abies sp.) needle cuticles: analysis with scanning electron microscopy ( Abies amabilis, Abies grandis)." American Journal of Botany 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1983): 80-87. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Koch, GW, and Mooney, HA. "Ecology of SO2 resistance : IV. Predicting metabolic responses of fumigated shrubs and trees." Oecologia 52, no. 1 (January 1982): 16-21. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Smith, CL, Koch, GW, Mooney, HA, Bewley, JD, and Krouse, HR. "Rates of emission of H2S from plants and patterns of stable sulphur isotope fractionation." Nature 289, no. 5799 (February 1981): 672-673. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Responses of hawaiian plants to volcanic sulfur dioxide: stomatal behavior and foliar injury." Science (New York, N.Y.) 210, no. 4471 (November 1980): 789-791. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Ecology of SO2 resistance: III. Metabolic changes of C3 and C4 Atriplex species due to SO2 fumigations." Oecologia 46, no. 1 (July 1980): 49-54. Full Text
  - Krochko, JE, Winner, WE, and Bewley, JD. "Respiration in Relation to Adenosine Triphosphate Content during Desiccation and Rehydration of a Desiccation-tolerant and a Desiccation-intolerant Moss." Plant physiology 64, no. 1 (July 1979): 13-17. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Ecology of SO2 resistance: II. Photosynthetic changes of shrubs in relation to SO2 absorption and stomatal behavior." Oecologia 44, no. 3 (January 1979): 296-302. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Mooney, HA. "Ecology of SO2 resistance: I. Effects of fumigations on gas exchange of deciduous and evergreen shrubs." Oecologia 44, no. 3 (January 1979): 290-295. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, Bewley, JD, Krouse, HR, and Brown, HM. "Stable sulfur isotope analysis of SO2 pollution impact on vegetation." Oecologia 36, no. 3 (January 1978): 351-361. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Bewley, JD. "Terrestrial mosses as bioindicators of SO2 pollution stress : Synecological analysis and the index of atmospheric purity." Oecologia 35, no. 2 (January 1978): 221-230. Full Text
  - Winner, WE, and Bewley, JD. "Contrasts between bryophyte and vascular plant synecological responses in an SO2-stressed white spruce association in central Alberta." Oecologia 33, no. 3 (January 1978): 311-325. Full Text
Teaching & Mentoring
Teaching Activities
- Ghana, Africa
  Training Program: Systems Approaches to Sustainable Development, June-July,2017, University of Ghana.

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Education, Training, & Certifications

Academic Positions Outside Duke

Subject Headings

Global Scholarship

Expertise

Research

Teaching

Selected Publications

Books

Book Sections

Conference Papers

Journal Articles

Teaching Activities