Book section · January 1, 2023
All transplanted allografts undergo immune-mediated rejection unless the recipient immune response is modified in some way. Induction of immune tolerance is an oft-touted goal in the field of organ transplantation. This chapter highlights the mechanisms of ...
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Book section · September 12, 2015
Organ transplantation is the accepted and indeed the preferred treatment for most forms of end-stage organ failure. While the function of the immune system may be to protect against infection or "danger", the immune system, if not suppressed, also efficien ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Essentially all major advances in transplantation have been preceded by preparatory animal experimentation. While in vitro and small animal in vivo studies have served the field well in the elucidation of new biological and therapeutic concepts, experiment ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Organ transplantation's considerable benefit is countered by the risks associated with its requirement for chronic immune impairment to prevent rejection. Although improved understanding of the mechanisms of rejection have allowed incrementally more specif ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Immunomodulatory regimens used for organ transplantation can be generally classified as induction, maintenance, or rescue therapies. Induction therapy is intense, prophylactic therapy used at the time of transplantation based on the empiric observation tha ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
The transplantation of neonates, infants and older children poses many unique challenges in addition to those common to transplantation as a whole. As such, pediatric transplantation has evolved as a subspecialty in its own right. The chapters in this sect ...
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Book section · 2012
Many drugs are used to prevent allograft rejection. Most target T cells but inhibit pathways that are not exclusive to T cells and thus evoke off-target side effects. Many, particularly calcineurin inhibitors, hinder T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and thu ...
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Book section · 2008
Tissues transferred between genetically nonidentical individuals are destroyed through a process known broadly as rejection. It has been apparent throughout most of medical history that these tissues could provide relief from disease if they were not rejec ...
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Book section · January 1, 2008
Patients suffering from severe tissue loss secondary to burns, traumatic injuries, or tumor resections have limited options for reconstruction when autologous tissue for reconstruction is scarce. Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) has recently been ...
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Book section · 2005
The National Institutes of Health has established a clinical transplant research program focusing on translational research in kidney transplantation. The program has been developed with a multidisciplinary approach under a common administrative structure ...
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