Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Ph.D., University of Washington 1973
  • M.S., University of Washington 1967
  • B.A., Bryn Mawr College 1965
• 

  Previous Appointments & Affiliations

  • Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1975 - 2014
  • Professor with Tenure, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1992 - 2012
  • William T. Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2006 - 2012
  • Associate Professor with Tenure, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1981 - 1992
  • Assistant Professor, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1975 - 1981
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • RNA Therapeutics for Pancreatic Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2015
  • Boronated L-nucleosides targeted against HIV awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2007
  • Boranophosphate DNA:RNA Hybrids as Probes of RNase H awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2007
  • Anti-HPV RNA Interference Using Modified RNA's awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2005
  • One-step PCR Sequencing awarded by Office of Energy Research 1997 - 2001
  • Novel NMR Reporter Probes for Dynamic Metalloprotein Studies awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2001
  • One-Step PCR Sequencing awarded by Department of Energy 1994 - 1997
  • Nitric Oxide Mutagenesis and Deamination of DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1997
  • One-step PCR Sequencing awarded by Department of Energy 1994 - 1997
  • One-step PCR Sequencing awarded by Department of Energy 1994 - 1997
  • One-step PCR Sequencing awarded by Department of Energy 1994 - 1997
  • Induced Deamination of Cytosine and 5 Methyl C in DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1997
  • Induced Deamination of Cytosine and 5-Methy1C in DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1997
  • Induced Deamination of Cytosine and 5-Methyl in DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1997
  • Progressive Ligation-Mediated PCR Sequencing awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1994
  • Progressive Ligation-Mediated PCR Sequencing awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1994
  • Ionized Base Pairs and Cross Strand Deamination awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1993
  • Ionized Base-Pairs and Cross-Strand Deamination awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1993
  • Changes in Nucleosome Structure During Embryogenesis. awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1990
  • Ionized Base Pairs and Cross-Strand Mutagenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1990
  • Boron Analogies of Amino Acids and Derivatives -- B. Spielvogel Staff Research Agreement awarded by Army Research Office 1987 - 1988
  • Changes in Nucleosome Structure During Embryogenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1977 - 1988
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Xu, Zhihong, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis, Hydrolysis, and Protonation-Promoted Intramolecular Reductive Breakdown of Potential NRTIs: Stavudine α-P-Borano-γ-P-N-l-tryptophanyltriphosphates.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20, no. 10 (January 2015): 18808–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201018808.
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    • Shaw, Barbara Ramsay. “Versatility of borane nucleic acids mimics for coding, decoding and modulating genetic information.” Nucleic Acids Symposium Series (2004), no. 51 (January 2007): 117. https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/nrm059.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis of nucleoside boranophosphoramidate prodrugs conjugated with amino acids.” The Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 6 (March 2005): 2171–83. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0481248.
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    • Dobrikov, Mikhail I., and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Affinity of (alpha-P-borano)-NTP analogs to rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24, no. 5–7 (January 2005): 983–87. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200059378.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Model synthesis of nucleoside boranophosphoramidate with amino acid for prodrug purpose.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24, no. 5–7 (January 2005): 675–78. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200060244.
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    • Wan, Jing, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Incorporation of ribonucleoside 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphates into a 20-mer RNA by T7 RNA polymerase.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24, no. 5–7 (January 2005): 943–46. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200059303.
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    • Wang, Joy Xin, Dmitri S. Sergueev, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “The effect of a single boranophosphate substitution with defined configuration on the thermal stability and conformation of a DNA duplex.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24, no. 5–7 (January 2005): 951–55. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200059310.
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    • Wang, Joy Xin, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis of 5-(1-propynyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphate and kinetic characterization as a substrate for mmlv reverse transcriptase.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24, no. 5–7 (January 2005): 947–50. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200059307.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “"Convenient Synthesis of Nucleoside Borane Diphosphate Analogues: Deoxy-and Ribonucleoside 5'-P -Boranodiphosphates".” J. Organic Chem. 69, no. 2 (2004): 7051–57.
    • Hall, Allison H. S., Jing Wan, Erin E. Shaughnessy, Barbara Ramsay Shaw, and Kenneth A. Alexander. “RNA interference using boranophosphate siRNAs: structure-activity relationships.” Nucleic Acids Res 32, no. 20 (2004): 5991–6000. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh936.
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    • Khan, Shoeb, Mikhail Dobrikov, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “"Synthesis of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-boranomonophosphate as a Potential Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor" (Accepted).” Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, no. 222 (2004).
    • Shaw, Barbara Ramsay, Mikhail Dobrikov, Xin Wang, Jing Wan, Kaizhang He, Jin-Lai Lin, Ping Li, Vladimir Rait, Zinaida A. Sergueeva, and Dmitri Sergueev. “Reading, writing, and modulating genetic information with boranophosphate mimics of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1002 (December 2003): 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1281.004.
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    • Li, Ping, Mikhail Dobrikov, Hongyan Liu, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis of acyclothymidine triphosphate and alpha-P-boranotriphosphate and their substrate properties with retroviral reverse transcriptase.” Organic Letters 5, no. 14 (July 2003): 2401–3. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol034538w.
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    • Dobrikov, Mikhail I., Zinaida A. Sergueeva, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Incorporation of (alpha-P-borano)-2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate into DNA by drug-resistant MMLV reverse transcriptase and Taq DNA polymerase.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 22, no. 5–8 (May 2003): 1651–55. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120023091.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “One-pot synthesis of an AZT boranophosphate conjugated with tyrosine: a potential prodrug candidate.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 22, no. 5–8 (May 2003): 699–701. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120022613.
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    • Wang, Xin, Mikhail Dobrikov, Dmitri Sergueev, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “RNase H activation by stereoregular boranophosphate oligonucleotide.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 22, no. 5–8 (May 2003): 1151–53. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120022823.
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    • Dobrikov, Mikhail I., Kristen M. Grady, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Introduction of the alpha-P-borano-group into deoxynucleoside triphosphates increases their selectivity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase relative to DNA polymerases.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 22, no. 3 (March 2003): 275–82. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120021427.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis of nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic boranophosphorothioate, a new type of cyclic nucleotide.” Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England), no. 23 (December 2002): 2890–91. https://doi.org/10.1039/b207350a.
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    • Astriab-Fisher, Anna, Dimitri Sergueev, Michael Fisher, Barbara Ramsay Shaw, and R. L. Juliano. “Conjugates of antisense oligonucleotides with the Tat and antennapedia cell-penetrating peptides: effects on cellular uptake, binding to target sequences, and biologic actions.” Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 6 (June 2002): 744–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016136328329.
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    • Fisher, Anna Astriab, Dongjiu Ye, Dimitri S. Sergueev, Michael H. Fisher, Barbara Ramsay Shaw, and Rudolph L. Juliano. “Evaluating the specificity of antisense oligonucleotide conjugates. A DNA array analysis.” The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 25 (June 2002): 22980–84. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m203347200.
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    • Li, Ping, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis of prodrug candidates: conjugates of amino acid with nucleoside boranophosphate.” Organic Letters 4, no. 12 (June 2002): 2009–12. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol025832b.
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    • Lato, Susan M., Nicole D. S. Ozerova, Kaizhang He, Zinaida Sergueeva, Barbara Ramsay Shaw, and Donald H. Burke. “Boron-containing aptamers to ATP.” Nucleic Acids Research 30, no. 6 (March 2002): 1401–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.6.1401.
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    • Crow, S. D. G., C. Bailly, C. Garbay Jaureguiberry, B. Roques, B. Ramsay Shaw, and M. J. Waring. “DNA Sequence Recognition by the Antitumor Drug Ditercalinium.” Biochemistry 4, no. 27 (2002): 8672–82.
    • Summers, J. S., and B. R. Shaw. “Boranophosphates as mimics of natural phosphodiesters in DNA.” Current Medicinal Chemistry 8, no. 10 (August 2001): 1147–55. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867013372409.
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    • Lin, J., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of new classes of boron-containing nucleotides.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 20, no. 4–7 (April 2001): 587–96. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-100002335.
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    • Lin, J., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of a novel nucleic acid mimic: P-boranomethylphosphonate.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 20, no. 4–7 (April 2001): 1325–28. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-100002547.
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    • Sergueev, D. S., Z. A. Sergueeva, and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of oligonucleoside boranophosphates via an H-phosphonate method without nucleobase protection.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 20, no. 4–7 (April 2001): 789–95. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-100002431.
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    • Sergueeva, Z. A., D. S. Sergueev, and B. R. Shaw. “Borane-amine complexes--versatile reagents in the chemistry of nucleic acids and their analogs.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 20, no. 4–7 (April 2001): 941–45. https://doi.org/10.1081/ncn-100002464.
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    • He, K., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis and separation of diastereomers of uridine 2',3'-cyclic boranophosphate.” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, no. 5 (March 2001): 615–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00700-9.
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    • Lin, J., K. He, and B. R. Shaw. “Novel 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide analogue: adenosine 3',5'-cyclic boranomonophosphate.” Organic Letters 3, no. 6 (March 2001): 795–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol0003230.
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    • Summers, J. S., C. G. Hoogstraten, R. D. Britt, K. Base, B. R. Shaw, A. A. Riberio, and A. L. Crumbliss. “Enhancement of the 1H and 31P NMR Resonances of Methylphosphite and Methylethylphosphate Anions by Selected Metal Complexes.” Inorg. Chem. 40 (2001): 6547.
    • Lin, J. L., K. W. Porter, and B. Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis and Properties of Novel Triphosphate Analogues: Ribonucleoside and Deoxyribonucleoside (α-P-borano, α-P-thio)triphosphates.” Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids 20, no. 4–7 (2001): 1019–23.
    • Lin, J., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of a novel triphosphate analogue: Nucleoside α-P-borano, α-P-thiotriphosphate.” Chemical Communications, no. 21 (November 7, 2000): 2115–16. https://doi.org/10.1039/b005059h.
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    • Lin, J., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of a boron analogue of glucose-conjugated nucleoside diphosphate: Nucleoside α-P-boranodiphosphoglucose.” Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 35 (August 26, 2000): 6701–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01141-2.
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    • Astriab-Fisher, A., D. S. Sergueev, M. Fisher, B. R. Shaw, and R. L. Juliano. “Antisense inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression using peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates.” Biochemical Pharmacology 60, no. 1 (July 2000): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00310-5.
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    • Lin, J., K. He, and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of boron-containing ADP and GDP analogues: Nucleoside 5'-(Pα- boranodiphosphates).” Helvetica Chimica Acta 83, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 1392–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(20000705)83:7<1392::AID-HLCA1392>3.0.CO;2-H.
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    • Sergueeva, Z. A., D. S. Sergueev, A. A. Ribeiro, J. S. Summers, and B. R. Shaw. “Individual isomers of dinucleoside boranophosphates as synthons for incorporation into oligonucleotides: Synthesis and configurational assignment.” Helvetica Chimica Acta 83, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 1377–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2675(20000705)83:7<1377::AID-HLCA1377>3.0.CO;2-S.
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    • Sergueeva, Z. A., D. S. Sergueev, and B. Ramsay Shaw. “Rapid and Selective Reduction of Amide Group by Borane-Amine Complexes in Acyl Protected Nucleosides.” Nuclosides and Nucleotides 19, no. 1&2 (2000): 275–82.
    • Ramsay Shaw, B., D. S. Sergueev, Z. A. Sergueeva, K. W. Porter, V. K. Rait, J. S. Summers, K. He, and J. L. Lin. “Boronated Nucleic Acid Mimics: Antisense and DNA Chip Applications.” Antisense and Nucleic Acid Drug Development 10 (2000): 131–32.
    • Lin, J., and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis and properties of a novel phosphodiester analogue, nucleoside boranophosphorothioate.” Chemical Communications, no. 16 (August 21, 1999): 1517–18. https://doi.org/10.1039/a901157i.
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    • He, K., D. S. Sergueev, Z. A. Sergueeva, and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of diuridine 3',5'-boranophosphate: H-phosphonate approach.” Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 25 (June 18, 1999): 4601–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00742-X.
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    • Rait, V., D. Sergueev, J. Summers, K. He, F. Huang, B. Krzyzanowska, and B. R. Shaw. “Boranophosphate nucleic acids--a versatile DNA backbone.” Nucleosides & Nucleotides 18, no. 6–7 (June 1999): 1379–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319908044721.
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    • He, K., K. W. Porter, A. Hasan, J. D. Briley and, and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of 5-substituted 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphates, their incorporationinto DNA and effects on exonuclease.” Nucleic Acids Research 27, no. 8 (April 1999): 1788–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.8.1788.
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    • Sergueeva, Z. A., D. S. Sergueev, and B. R. Shaw. “Synthesis of dithymidine boranophosphates via stereospecific boronation of H-phosphonate diesters and assignment of their configuration.” Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 11 (March 12, 1999): 2041–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00088-X.
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    • Rait, V. K., and B. R. Shaw. “Boranophosphates support the RNase H cleavage of polyribonucleotides.” Antisense & Nucleic Acid Drug Development 9, no. 1 (February 1999): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.1.1999.9.53.
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    • He, Kaizhang, Ahmad Hasan, Bozenna Krzyzanowska, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Synthesis and Separation of Diastereomers of Ribonucleoside 5'-(alpha-P-Borano)triphosphates.” The Journal of Organic Chemistry 63, no. 17 (August 1998): 5769–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo972002g.
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    • Summers, Jack S., Diana Roe, Paul D. Boyle, Michael Colvin, and Barbara Ramsay Shaw. “Structural Studies of a Borane-Modified Phosphate Diester Linkage: Ab Initio Calculations on the Dimethylboranophosphate Anion and the Single-Crystal X-ray Structure of Its Diisopropylammonium Salt.” Inorganic Chemistry 37, no. 17 (August 1998): 4158–59. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic971435z.
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    • Krzyzanowska, B. K., K. He, A. Hasan, and B. R. Shaw. “A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-(α-P- borano)triphosphates.” Tetrahedron 54, no. 20 (May 14, 1998): 5119–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(98)00251-8.
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    • Sergueev, D. S., and B. Ramsay Shaw. “H-Phosphate Approach for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Boranophosphate Oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their Characterization.” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 120, no. 37 (1998): 9417–27.
    • Hasan, A., J. Tomasz, and B. R. Shaw. “Studies on base-boronated oligonucleotides. 2 (1). Incompatibility of DMT and cyanoborane groups during oligonucleotide synthesis.” Bioconjugate Chemistry 8, no. 6 (November 1997): 813–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc9701205.
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    • Li, H., F. Huang, and B. R. Shaw. “Conformational studies of dithymidine boranomonophosphate diastereoisomers.” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 5 (May 1997): 787–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00259-3.
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    • Porter, K. W., J. D. Briley, and B. R. Shaw. “Direct PCR sequencing with boronated nucleotides.” Nucleic Acids Research 25, no. 8 (April 1997): 1611–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.8.1611.
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    • Porter, K. W., J. D. Briley, and B. Ramsay Shaw. “One-Step PCR Sequencing with Boronated Nucleotides.” Nucleic Acids Research 25 (1997): 1611–17.
    • Sergueev, D., A. Hasan, M. Ramaswamy, and B. R. Shaw. “Boranophosphate oligonucleotides: New synthetic approaches.” Nucleosides and Nucleotides 16, no. 7–9 (January 1, 1997): 1533–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/07328319708006223.
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    • Peng, W., and B. R. Shaw. “Accelerated deamination of cytosine residues in UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers leads to CC-->TT transitions.” Biochemistry 35, no. 31 (August 1996): 10172–81. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi960001x.
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    • Li, H., C. Hardin, and B. R. Shaw. “Hydrolysis of thymidine boranomonophosphate and stepwise deuterium substitution of the borane hydrogens. ³¹P and ¹¹B NMR studies.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 118, no. 28 (July 17, 1996): 6606–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9540280.
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    • Gao, Q., A. Sood, B. R. Shaw, and L. D. Williams. “2′-Deoxycytidine-N3-cyanoborane.” Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 52, no. 7 (July 15, 1996): 1823–25. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195013783.
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    • Hasan, A., H. Li, J. Tomasz, and B. R. Shaw. “Base-boronated dinucleotides: synthesis and effect of N7-cyanoborane substitution on the base protons.” Nucleic Acids Research 24, no. 11 (June 1996): 2150–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/24.11.2150.
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    • Singh, P., M. Zottola, S. Huang, B. R. Shaw, and L. G. Pedersen. “2′-Deoxycytidine-N(3)-cyanoborane monohydrate.” Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications 52, no. 3 (March 15, 1996): 693–96. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195013412.
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    • Li, H., K. Porter, F. Huang, and B. R. Shaw. “Boron-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotide 14mer duplexes: enzymatic synthesis and melting studies.” Nucleic Acids Research 23, no. 21 (November 1995): 4495–4501. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.21.4495.
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    • Porter, K. W., J. Tomasz, F. Huang, A. Sood, and B. R. Shaw. “N7-cyanoborane-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate is a good substrate for DNA polymerase.” Biochemistry 34, no. 37 (September 1995): 11963–69. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00037a038.
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    • Rajendran, K. G., B. S. Burnham, S. Y. Chen, A. Sood, B. F. Spielvogel, B. R. Shaw, and I. H. Hall. “Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic activities of base-boronated nucleosides and phosphate-boronated nucleotides in rodents.” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 83, no. 10 (October 1994): 1391–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600831005.
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    • Chen, H., and B. R. Shaw. “Bisulfite induces tandem double CC-->TT mutations in double-stranded DNA. 2. Kinetics of cytosine deamination.” Biochemistry 33, no. 14 (April 1994): 4121–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00180a004.
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    • Moyer, R., D. Briley, A. Johnsen, U. Stewart, and B. R. Shaw. “Echinomycin, a bis-intercalating agent, induces C-->T mutations via cytosine deamination.” Mutation Research 288, no. 2 (August 1993): 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(93)90097-y.
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    • Frederico, L. A., T. A. Kunkel, and B. R. Shaw. “Cytosine deamination in mismatched base pairs.” Biochemistry 32, no. 26 (July 1993): 6523–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00077a005.
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    • Chen, H., and B. R. Shaw. “Kinetics of bisulfite-induced cytosine deamination in single-stranded DNA.” Biochemistry 32, no. 14 (April 1993): 3535–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00065a003.
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    • Hall, I. H., B. S. Burnham, K. G. Rajendran, S. Y. Chen, A. Sood, B. F. Spielvogel, and B. R. Shaw. “Hypolipidemic activity of boronated nucleosides and nucleotides in rodents.” Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 47, no. 2–3 (January 1993): 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0753-3322(93)90295-v.
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    • Sood, A., B. R. Shaw, B. F. Spielvogel, E. S. Hall, L. K. Chi, and I. H. Hall. “The synthesis and anti-neoplastic activity of N2-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine-N7-cyanoborane derivatives.” Die Pharmazie 47, no. 11 (November 1992): 833–38.
    • Hall, I. H., E. S. Hall, L. K. Chi, B. R. Shaw, A. Sood, and B. F. Spielvogel. “Antineoplastic activity of boron-containing thymidine nucleosides in Tmolt3 leukemic cells.” Anticancer Research 12, no. 4 (July 1992): 1091–97.
    • MacPhail, R. A., L. D. Williams, D. A. Jones, and B. R. Shaw. “Variable temperature infrared spectroscopy of cytosine-guanine base pairs: tautomerism versus polarization.” Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 9, no. 5 (April 1992): 881–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.1992.10507964.
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    • Sood, A., B. F. Spielvogel, B. R. Shaw, L. D. Carlton, B. S. Burnham, E. S. Hall, and I. H. Hall. “The synthesis and antineoplastic activity of 2'-deoxy-nucleoside-cyanoboranes in murine and human culture cells.” Anticancer Research 12, no. 2 (March 1992): 335–43.
    • Tomasz, J., B. Ramsay Shaw, K. Porter, B. F. Spielvogel, and A. Sood. “5'-P-Borane-Substituted Thymidine Monophosphate and Triphosphate.” Angewandte Chemie 31 (1992): 1371–75.
    • Spielvogel, B. F., A. Sood, B. R. Shaw, and I. H. Hall. “From boron analogues of amino acids to boronated dna: Potential new pharmaceuticals and neutron capture agents.” Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 415–18. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199163030415.
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    • Frederico, L. A., T. A. Kunkel, and B. R. Shaw. “A sensitive genetic assay for the detection of cytosine deamination: determination of rate constants and the activation energy.” Biochemistry 29, no. 10 (March 1990): 2532–37. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00462a015.
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    • Dean Williams, L., B. Ramsay Shaw, and N. Gupta Williams. “In a Model C:G Base Pair, One Amino Group Rotates and the Other Does Not.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 829–33. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a050.
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    • Sood, A., B. Ramsay Shaw, and B. F. Spielvogel. “Boron-Containing Nucleic Acids. 2.¹ Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleoside Boranophosphates.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 24 (January 1, 1990): 9000–9001. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a066.
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    • Sowers, L. C., W. D. Sedwick, and B. R. Shaw. “Hydrolysis of N3-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine: model compound for reactivity of protonated cytosine residues in DNA.” Mutation Research 215, no. 1 (November 1989): 131–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(89)90225-x.
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    • Sood, A., B. F. Spielvogel, and B. R. Shaw. “Boron-containing nucleic acids: Synthesis of cyanoborane adducts of 2'-deoxynucleosides.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, no. 26 (January 1, 1989): 9234–35. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00208a019.
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    • Williams, N. G., L. D. Williams, and B. R. Shaw. “Dimers, trimers, and tetramers of cytosine with guanine.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, no. 18 (January 1, 1989): 7205–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a046.
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    • Sowers, L. C., B. R. Shaw, and W. D. Sedwick. “Base stacking and molecular polarizability: effect of a methyl group in the 5-position of pyrimidines.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 148, no. 2 (October 1987): 790–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(87)90945-4.
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    • Sowers, L. C., B. R. Shaw, M. L. Veigl, and W. D. Sedwick. “DNA base modification: ionized base pairs and mutagenesis.” Mutation Research 177, no. 2 (April 1987): 201–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(87)90003-0.
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    • Williams, L. D., B. Chawla, and B. R. Shaw. “The hydrogen bonding of cytosine with guanine: calorimetric and 1H-nmr analysis of the molecular interactions of nucleic acid bases.” Biopolymers 26, no. 4 (April 1987): 591–603. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260411.
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    • Williams, L. D., and B. R. Shaw. “Protonated base pairs explain the ambiguous pairing properties of O6-methylguanine.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84, no. 7 (April 1987): 1779–83. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.7.1779.
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    • Chambers, S. A. M., and B. Ramsay Shaw. “Histone Modifications Accompanying the Onset of Developmental Commitment in the 16-Cell Stage Sea Urchin Embryo.” Dev. Biol. 124 (1987): 523–31.
    • Chambers, S. A., G. Cognetti, and B. R. Shaw. “Diffusible factors are responsible for differences in nuclease sensitivity among chromatins originating from different cell types.” Experimental Cell Research 154, no. 1 (September 1984): 213–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(84)90681-5.
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    • Richards, R. G., and B. R. Shaw. “Temporal Changes in Nucleosome Populations during Sea Urchin Early Development.” Biochemistry 23, no. 9 (January 1, 1984): 2095–2102. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00304a034.
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    • SOWERS, L. C., B. R. SHAW, and W. D. SEDWICK. “IONIZED BASE-PAIRS - A PROBABLE CONSEQUENCE OF MUTAGENIC ALKYLATION OF DNA.” Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 25, no. MAR (January 1, 1984): 20–20.
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    • Chambers, S. A. M., and B. Ramsay Shaw. “Levels of Histone H4 Diacetylation Decrease Dramatically During Sea Urchin Embryonic Development and Correlate with Cell Doubling Rate.” J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984): 13458–63.
    • Mold, D. E., J. Weingart, J. Assaraf, D. B. Lubahn, D. N. Kelner, B. R. Shaw, and K. S. McCarty. “Silver staining of histones in Triton-acid-urea gels.” Analytical Biochemistry 135, no. 1 (November 1983): 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(83)90727-3.
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    • Chambers, S. A. M., J. P. Vaughn, and B. Ramsay Shaw. “The Shortest Nucleosomal Repeat Lengths during Sea Urchin Development are Found in Two-Cell Embryos.” Biochemistry 22 (1983): 5626–31.
    • Graham, D. G., D. C. Anthony, K. Boekelheide, N. A. Maschmann, R. G. Richards, J. W. Wolfram, and B. R. Shaw. “Studies of the molecular pathogenesis of hexane neuropathy. II. Evidence that pyrrole derivatization of lysyl residues leads to protein crosslinking.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 64, no. 3 (July 1982): 415–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(82)90237-x.
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    • Richards, Randall G., and B Ramsay Shaw. “In Situ Protamine-Release of Acid Soluble Nuclear Proteins: A versatile Sample Preparation Methods For the Electrophoretic Analysis of Nucleosomal Proteins On Acid/Urea-Based Gels.” Analyt. Biochem. 121 (1982): 69–82.
    • Cognetti, G., and B. R. Shaw. “Structural differences in the chromatin from compartmentalized cells of the sea urchin embryo: differential nuclease accessibility of micromere chromatin.” Nucleic Acids Research 9, no. 21 (November 1981): 5609–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/9.21.5609.
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    • Shaw, B. R., G. Cognetti, W. M. Sholes, and R. G. Richards. “Shift in nucleosome populations during embryogenesis: microheterogeneity in nucleosomes during development of the sea urchin embryo.” Biochemistry 20, no. 17 (August 1981): 4971–78. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00520a025.
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    • Schmitz, K. S., and B. R. Shaw. “Hydrodynamic evidence in support of spacer regions in chromatin.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 197, no. 4304 (August 1977): 661–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.877579.
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    • Schmitz, K. S., and B. Ramsay Shaw. “Chromatin Conformation: A Systematic Analysis of Helical Parameters from Hydrodynamic Data.” Biopolymers 16 (1977): 2619–33.
    • Shaw, B. R., and K. S. Schmitz. “Quasielastic light scattering by biopolymers. Conformation of chromatin multimers.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 73, no. 2 (November 1976): 224–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(76)90697-5.
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    • Ramsay Shaw, B., and K. S. Schmitz. “Reanalysis of Histone-Induced Conformational Changes in DNA Determined by Quasielastic Light Scattering.” Biopolymers 15 (1976): 2313–15.
    • Shaw, B. R., T. M. Herman, R. T. Kovacic, G. S. Beaudreau, and K. E. Van Holde. “Analysis of the Subunit Structure in Chicken Erythrocyte Chromatin.” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Usa, 1976, 503–7.
    • Shaw, B. R., and J. M. Schurr. “The Association Reaction of Collagen Model Polypeptides (Pro-Pro-Gly)n.” Biopolymers 14 (1975): 1951–85.
    • Shaw, B., J. L. Corden, C. G. Sahasrabuddhe, and K. E. Van Holde. “Chromatographic Separation of Chromatin Subunits.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 61 (1974): 1193–2000.
    • Van Holde, K. E., C. G. Saharasbuddhe, and B. R. Shaw. “A Model for Particulate Structure in Chromatin.” Nucleic Acids Res. 1 (1974): 1579–86.
    • Van Holde, K. E., C. G. Saharrabuddhe, B. R. Shaw, E. F. J. van Bruggen, and A. C. Amberg. “Electron Microscopy of Chromatin Subunit Particles.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 60 (1974): 1365–70.

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