Scholars@Duke
Ana P. Barros

Ana P. Barros

Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. School Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering
barros@duke.edu
121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708-0287
2453 CIEMAS, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Data Centers Water Footprint: The Need for More Transparency

Journal article Agu Advances · April 1, 2026 The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven the rapid global expansion of data centers, raising serious concerns about their environmental impact—particularly water use. While national and global water consumption by data centers may ... Full text Cite

Estimating probable maximum precipitation for the continental United States

Journal article Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · April 1, 2026 Study region: The entire continental United States (CONUS).Study focusThe objective of this manuscript is to estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) using multifractal analysis for CONUS and to evaluate the impact of recent extreme events on PMP esti ... Full text Cite

Thank You to Our 2025 Peer Reviewers

Journal article Agu Advances · April 1, 2026 Full text Cite

Budyko scatter reveals interactions between wildfire, land cover change, and climate

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · April 1, 2026 The Southeastern United States (SEUS) experiences millions of acres of burned area from both prescribed burns and wildfires on an annual basis. Forests in the SEUS also serve as important carbon sinks for the global carbon budget. However, this carbon sink ... Full text Cite

StageIV-IRC: a high-resolution dataset of extreme orographic Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) constrained to water budget closure for historical floods in the Appalachian Mountains

Journal article Earth System Science Data · March 20, 2026 Quantitative Flood Estimation (QFE) in complex terrain remains a grand challenge in operational hydrology due to the lack of accurate high-resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) for operational forecasting and for calibrating hydrologic mode ... Full text Cite

Quantifying Snow–Ground Backscatter Uncertainty: A Bayesian Approach Using Multifrequency SAR and In-Situ Observations

Journal article Remote Sensing · February 1, 2026 Highlights: This study validates the stepwise approach to estimate the snowpack bottom boundary condition by splitting snow–ground backscatter from volume backscatter in active snow microwave retrievals. The parsimonious three-parameter QHN frequency-indep ... Full text Cite

Improving Surface Property Retrievals in Boreal Seasonal Snowpacks Through Multiscale Modeling of Subgrid Reflectance

Journal article IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2026 Time-series of surface reflectance and derived land cover and snowpack properties, including snow grain size (SGS), Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index were analyzed across multiple spatial resolutions using Landsat ... Full text Cite

Toward optimal rainfall for flood prediction in headwater basins – improving soil moisture initialization to close the water budget within observational uncertainty

Journal article Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · October 1, 2025 Study region: 28 headwater basins along the latitudinal range of the Appalachian Mountains across diverse hydroclimatic and physiographic regions. Study focus: The objective of this manuscript is to address errors in the initialization of hydrologic models ... Full text Cite

Assimilation of L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) snow depth retrievals for improved snowpack quantification

Journal article Cryosphere · August 6, 2025 The integration of snow hydrology models and remote sensing observations via data assimilation is a promising method to capture the dynamics of seasonal snowpacks at a high spatial resolution and to reduce uncertainty with respect to snow water resources. ... Full text Cite

Modeling Celerity-Discharge Behavior and Riverbank Storage for Improving Flood Simulations in Headwater Basins

Journal article Water Resources Research · August 1, 2025 Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) has been an enduring challenge especially in mountainous regions due to high spatiotemporal variability of precipitation. Because of QPE uncertainty, and fast rainfall-runoff processes in complex terrain, improve ... Full text Cite

Thank You to Our 2024 Reviewers

Journal article Agu Advances · April 1, 2025 The editorial team of AGU Advances is grateful for the excellent contributions of our peer reviewers. We rely on their expertise to ensure that the manuscripts submitted to the journal undergo a rigorous, fair, and timely review. Remarkably, during 2024, t ... Full text Cite

Multi-Physics Data Assimilation Framework for Remotely Sensed Snowpacks to Improve Water Prediction

Journal article Water Resources Research · February 1, 2025 Recent advances in remote sensing of snow using Synthetic Aperture Radar have shown the potential for retrievals of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) at high spatial resolution with good accuracy. These data can be integrated with physically based models to reco ... Full text Cite

Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers

Journal article Agu Advances · June 1, 2024 On behalf of the AGU Advances editorial team, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2023. Peer review is time-consuming, but it remains essential to the scientific process. Advances reviewers continue ... Full text Cite

Toward Building a Virtual Laboratory to Investigate Rainfall Microphysics at Process Scales

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · June 1, 2024 A 3D numerical model was built to serve as a virtual microphysics laboratory (VML) to investigate rainfall microphysical processes. One key goal for the VML is to elucidate the physical basis of warm precipitation processes toward improving existing parame ... Full text Cite

Bayesian physical-statistical retrieval of snow water equivalent and snow depth from X- and Ku-band synthetic aperture radar - demonstration using airborne SnowSAr in SnowEx'17

Journal article Cryosphere · February 20, 2024 A physical-statistical framework to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements is presented and applied to four SnowSAR flight-line data sets collected during the SnowEx'2017 field campaign in Grand ... Full text Cite

The role of root dynamics on the climate sensitivity of ecohydrological processes of over- and understory in a semi-arid groundwater-dependent ecosystem

Journal article Frontiers in Environmental Science · January 1, 2024 Plant roots connect belowground moisture with aboveground vegetation functionalities, making root plasticity critical for drought resilience. This study employs an enhanced land surface ecohydrological model, Duke Coupled Hydrology Model with Vegetation an ... Full text Cite

Toward Optimal Rainfall for Flood Prediction in Headwater Basins—Orographic QPE Error Modeling Using Machine Learning

Journal article Water Resources Research · November 1, 2023 Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) from merged rain gauge and radar measurements have become widely available in the last two decades. The errors associated with these products are yet to be fully understood, especially in complex terrain where gro ... Full text Cite

Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers

Journal article Agu Advances · June 1, 2023 The editorial board of AGU Advances thanks the individuals who reviewed for the journal in 2022. ... Full text Cite

Topographic controls on active microwave behavior of mountain snowpacks

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · January 1, 2023 An uncalibrated distributed multiphysics snow model driven by downscaled weather forecasts (30-m, 15-min) was implemented as a Radar Observing System Simulator (ROSS) in Senator Beck Basin (SBB), Colorado to elucidate topographic controls on C-, X- and Ku- ... Full text Cite

Aerosol indirect effects on orographic clouds and precipitation

Journal article Frontiers in Earth Science · January 1, 2023 The sensitivity of warm orographic cloud development to aerosol indirect effects was investigated through aerosol-aware Weather Research and Forecast model simulations contrasting aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions using the default (generic) aerosol ... Full text Cite

Toward optimal rainfall – Hydrologic QPE correction in headwater basins

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · September 15, 2022 Large errors in Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) tied to remote-sensing retrieval algorithms remain a challenge especially in complex terrain with fast hydrologic response. We propose a new framework to derive dynamic hydrologic corrections of ra ... Full text Cite

Review article: Global monitoring of snow water equivalent using high-frequency radar remote sensing

Journal article Cryosphere · September 2, 2022 Seasonal snow cover is the largest single component of the cryosphere in areal extent, covering an average of 46 ×106 km2 of Earth's surface (31% of the land area) each year, and is thus an important expression and driver of the Earth's climate. In recent ... Full text Cite

Diagnosis of Second-Order Turbulent Properties of the Surface Layer for Three-Dimensional Flow Based on the Mellor-Yamada Model

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · May 1, 2022 Accurate representation of heterogeneous surface layer processes is essential for numerical weather prediction (NWP) with sub-kilometer grid spacing. NWP models such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model generally use second-moment turbulent ... Full text Cite

Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers

Journal article Agu Advances · April 1, 2022 The editorial board of AGU Advances thanks the individuals who reviewed for the journal in 2021. ... Full text Cite

Prospects for long-term agriculture in southern africa: Emergent dynamics of savannah ecosystems from remote sensing observations

Journal article Remote Sensing · August 1, 2021 Hydro-climatic resilience is an essential element of food security. The miombo ecosystem in Southern Africa supports varied land uses for a growing population. Albedo, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC), Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluo ... Full text Cite

Automatic detection and classification of low-level orographic precipitation processes from space-borne radars using machine learning

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · May 1, 2021 Ground-clutter is a significant cause of missed-detection and underestimation of precipitation in complex terrain from space-based radars such as the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). This research pro ... Full text Cite

Snow Ensemble Uncertainty Project (SEUP): Quantification of snow water equivalent uncertainty across North America via ensemble land surface modeling

Journal article Cryosphere · February 17, 2021 The Snow Ensemble Uncertainty Project (SEUP) is an effort to establish a baseline characterization of snow water equivalent (SWE) uncertainty across North America with the goal of informing global snow observational needs. An ensemble-based modeling approa ... Full text Cite

High-Elevation Monsoon Precipitation Processes in the Central Andes of Peru

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · December 27, 2020 Measurements at the high-elevation Lamar Observatory in the Mantaro Valley (MV) in the Central Andes of Peru demonstrate a diurnal cycle of precipitation characterized by convective rainfall during the afternoon and nighttime stratiform rainfall with embed ... Full text Cite

Deforestation Impacts on Orographic Precipitation in the Tropical Andes

Journal article Frontiers in Environmental Science · November 20, 2020 This study examines the implications of Tropical Montane Forests (TMFs) loss on orographic precipitation in the Eastern slopes of the Andes (EADS). The focus is on moist processes for synoptic regimes associated with significant EADS precipitation: (1) mon ... Full text Cite

Weather-dependent nonlinear microwave behavior of seasonal high-elevation snowpacks

Journal article Remote Sensing · October 2, 2020 Ensemble predictions of the seasonal snowpack over the Grand Mesa, CO (~300 km2) for the hydrologic year 2016–2017 were conducted using a multilayer snow hydrology model. Snowpack ensembles were driven by gridded atmospheric reanalysis and evalu ... Full text Cite

Advancing Precipitation Estimation, Prediction, and Impact Studies.

Journal article Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · September 2020 Full text Cite

All kinds of integration: WMO's strategy for seamless prediction

Journal article Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · June 1, 2020 Full text Cite

Parsing synthetic aperture radar measurements of snow in complex terrain: Scaling behaviour and sensitivity to snow wetness and landcover

Journal article Remote Sensing · February 1, 2020 This study investigates the spatial signatures of seasonal snow in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations at different spatial scales and for different physiographic regions. Sentinel-1 C-band (SAR) backscattering coeffiCients (BSC) were analyzed in t ... Full text Cite

Advancing research for seamless earth system prediction

Journal article Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · January 1, 2020 Whether on an urban or planetary scale, covering time scales of a few minutes or a few decades, the societal need for more accurate weather, climate, water, and environmental information has led to a more seamless thinking across disciplines and communitie ... Full text Cite

The Latitudinal Variability of Oceanic Rainfall Properties and Its Implication for Satellite Retrievals: 1. Drop Size Distribution Properties

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · December 16, 2019 In this study, we analyze an in situ shipboard global ocean drop size distribution (DSD) 8-year database to understand the underpinning microphysical reasons for discrepancies between satellite oceanic rainfall products at high latitudes reported in the li ... Full text Cite

The Latitudinal Variability of Oceanic Rainfall Properties and Its Implication for Satellite Retrievals: 2. The Relationships Between Radar Observables and Drop Size Distribution Parameters

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · December 16, 2019 In this study, we develop statistical relationships between radar observables and drop size distribution properties in different latitude bands to inform radar rainfall retrieval techniques and understand underpinning microphysical reasons for differences ... Full text Cite

Vertical Dependence of Horizontal Scaling Behavior of Orographic Wind and Moisture Fields in Atmospheric Models

Journal article Earth and Space Science · October 1, 2019 Previous work showed that atmospheric model simulations exhibit different scaling behavior of vertically averaged horizontal wind (u,v) and moisture (q) in the mesoscales for convective (spectral slopes β~−5/3) and nonconvective (β~−11/5) conditions. Here, ... Full text Cite

Improving quantitative precipitation estimates in mountainous regions by modelling low-level seeder-feeder interactions constrained by Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar measurements

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · September 15, 2019 A physically-based framework to address the underestimation and missed detection errors in Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Precipitation Radar (PR) in regions of complex terrain is presented. The frame ... Full text Cite

Woody vegetation dynamics in the tropical and subtropical Andes from 2001 to 2014: Satellite image interpretation and expert validation.

Journal article Global change biology · June 2019 The interactions between climate and land-use change are dictating the distribution of flora and fauna and reshuffling biotic community composition around the world. Tropical mountains are particularly sensitive because they often have a high human populat ... Full text Cite

Multi-year surface radiative properties and vegetation parameters for hydrologic modeling in regions of complex terrain—Methodology and evaluation over the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment 2014 domain

Journal article Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · April 1, 2019 Study region: Southeast US (SE US). Study focus: This study probes the propagation of errors in standard remote-sensing vegetation products caused by cloud contamination and the impact of time-variant radiative properties for correctly describing land-surf ... Full text Cite

An expanded investigation of atmospheric rivers in the southern Appalachian Mountains and their connection to landslides

Journal article Atmosphere · February 9, 2019 Previous examination of rain gauge observations over a five-year period at high elevations within a river basin of the southern Appalachian Mountains showed that half of the extreme (upper 2.5%) rainfall events were associated with an atmospheric river (AR ... Full text Cite

Understanding aerosol-cloud interactions through modeling the development of orographic cumulus congestus during IPHEx

Journal article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · February 4, 2019 A new cloud parcel model (CPM) including activation, condensation, collision-coalescence, and lateral entrainment processes is used to investigate aerosol-cloud interactions (ACIs) in cumulus development prior to rainfall onset. The CPM was applied with su ... Full text Cite

Extreme orographic rainfall in the eastern Andes tied to cold air intrusions

Journal article Frontiers in Environmental Science · January 1, 2019 Long-duration localized heavy rainfall (> 6 h, < 10 km2) was recorded by raingauges on October 4, 2013 at mid-elevations (~ 1, 500 m) in the Peruvian Andes, which was not apparent in infrared or microwave measurements from either geostationary o ... Full text Cite

Multi-year atmospheric forcing datasets for hydrologic modeling in regions of complex terrain – Methodology and evaluation over the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment 2014 domain

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · December 1, 2018 A framework to derive high-resolution long-term meteorological forcing for hydrologic models from mesoscale atmospheric reanalysis products is presented, including topographic and cloud corrections, and a new physical parameterization of near-surface wind ... Full text Cite

Rainfall variability, wetland persistence, and water-carbon cycle coupling in the Upper Zambezi River Basin in Southern Africa

Journal article Remote Sensing · May 1, 2018 The Upper Zambezi River Basin (UZRB) delineates a complex region of topographic, soil and rainfall gradients between the Congo rainforest and the Kalahari Desert. Satellite imagery shows permanent wetlands in low-lying convergence zones where surface-groun ... Full text Cite

Direct numerical simulations to investigate energy transfer between meso- and synoptic scales

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · April 1, 2018 Understanding the development of the atmospheric energy spectrum across scales is necessary to elucidate atmospheric predictability. In this manuscript, the authors investigate energy transfer between the synoptic scale and the mesoscale using direct numer ... Full text Cite

Predicting canopy biophysical properties and sensitivity of plant carbon uptake to water limitations with a coupled eco-hydrological framework

Journal article Ecological Modelling · March 24, 2018 Variations in soil water availability and atmospheric water demand impact seasonal canopy dynamics are often represented by the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and leaf area index (LAI) under a coupled eco-hydrologic framework. Chang ... Full text Cite

Decadal climate variability and the spatial organization of deep hydrological drought

Journal article Environmental Research Letters · October 3, 2017 Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), wavelet, and wavelet coherence analysis of baseflow time-series from 126 streamgauges (record-length > 50 years; small and mid-size watersheds) in the US South Atlantic (USSA) region reveal three principal modes of spac ... Full text Cite

Shallow precipitation detection and classification using multifrequency radar observations and model simulations

Journal article Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · September 1, 2017 Detection of shallow warm rainfall remains a critical source of uncertainty in remote sensing of precipitation, especially in regions of complex topographic and radiometric transitions, such as mountains and coastlines. To address this problem, a new algor ... Full text Cite

Understanding how low-level clouds and fog modify the diurnal cycle of orographic precipitation using in situ and satellite observations

Journal article Remote Sensing · September 1, 2017 Satellite orographic precipitation estimates exhibit large errors with space-time structure tied to landform. Observations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (SAM) suggest that low-level clouds and fog (LLCF) amplify mid-day rainfall via seeder-feeder i ... Full text Cite

Orographic land-atmosphere interactions and the diurnal cycle of low-level clouds and fog

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · May 1, 2017 Previous work illuminated landform controls on moisture convergence in the southern Appalachian Mountains (SAM) promoting heterogeneity in the vertical structure of low-level clouds (LLC) and seeder-feeder interactions (SFI) that significantly impact warm ... Full text Cite

Evaluating Multispectral Snowpack Reflectivity with Changing Snow Correlation Lengths

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · December 1, 2016 This study investigates the sensitivity of multispectral reflectivity to changing snow correlation lengths. Mätzler's ice-lamellae radiative transfer model was implemented and tested to evaluate the reflectivity of snow correlation lengths at multiple freq ... Full text Cite

Operational Hydrological Forecasting during the IPHEx-IOP Campaign - Meet the Challenge.

Journal article Journal of hydrology · October 2016 An operational streamflow forecasting testbed was implemented during the Intense Observing Period (IOP) of the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx-IOP) in May-June 2014 to characterize flood predictability in complex terrain. Specifica ... Full text Cite

Interplay of drought and tropical cyclone activity in SE U.S. gross primary productivity

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · June 1, 2016 Tropical cyclones (TCs), often associated with massive flooding and landslides in the Southeast U.S. (SE U.S.), provide a significant input of freshwater to the hydrologic system, and their timing and trajectory significantly impact drought severity and pe ... Full text Cite

Landform controls on low level moisture convergence and the diurnal cycle of warm season orographic rainfall in the Southern Appalachians

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · December 1, 2015 The Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to simulate two warm season events representative of reverse orographic enhancement of warm season precipitation in the Southern Appalachians under weak (9-12 July, 2012) and strong (12-16 ... Full text Cite

Impact of Amazonian evapotranspiration on moisture transport and convection along the eastern flanks of the tropical Andes

Journal article Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · October 1, 2015 The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to investigate the impact of Amazonian evapotranspiration (ET) on moisture transport and convection along the eastern flanks of the Andes (EADS). To isolate the role of surface ET, quasi-idealized s ... Full text Cite

Transient stochastic downscaling of quantitative precipitation estimates for hydrological applications

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · October 1, 2015 Rainfall fields are heavily thresholded and highly intermittent resulting in large areas of zero values. This deforms their stochastic spatial scale-invariant behavior, introducing scaling breaks and curvature in the spatial scale spectrum. To address this ... Full text Cite

Western Disturbances: A review

Journal article Reviews of Geophysics · June 1, 2015 Cyclonic storms associated with the midlatitude Subtropical Westerly Jet (SWJ), referred to as Western Disturbances (WDs), play a critical role in the meteorology of the Indian subcontinent. WDs embedded in the southward propagating SWJ produce extreme pre ... Full text Cite

Scoping a field experiment: Error diagnostics of TRMM precipitation radar estimates in complex terrain as a basis for IPHEx2014

Journal article Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · March 25, 2015 A diagnostic analysis of the space-time structure of error in quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from the precipitation radar (PR) on the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite is presented here in preparation for the Integrated Pr ... Full text Cite

Measurement uncertainty in rainfall kinetic energy and intensity relationships for soil erosion studies: An evaluation using PARSIVEL disdrometers in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Journal article Geomorphology · January 1, 2015 The increased use of observations of rainfall microphysics from disdrometers to produce more accurate rainfall kinetic energy estimates requires closer analysis of measurement uncertainty, and in particular how the type of sensor influences rainfall kineti ... Full text Cite

Isolating the role of surface evapotranspiration on moist convection along the eastern flanks of the tropical Andes using a quasi-idealized approach

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · January 1, 2015 The contribution of surface evapotranspiration (ET) to moist convection, cloudiness, and precipitation along the eastern flanks of the tropical Andes (EADS) was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with nested simulations of ... Full text Cite

The nonconvective/convective structural transition in stochastic scaling of atmospheric fields

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research · November 27, 2014 © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. High-resolution numerical weather prediction simulations are able to reproduce observed stochastic scale invariant behavior of atmospheric wind and water fields down to the effective model resolution ... Full text Cite

Flood nonstationarity in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States

Journal article Journal of Hydrologic Engineering · October 1, 2014 A case study examining aspects of nonstationarity in the estimation of flood magnitudes in the Southeast and mid-Atlantic United States is presented here. The focus is on challenges posed by changes in the number and location of stream gauges over time to ... Full text Cite

Mapping the role of tropical cyclones on the hydroclimate of the southeast United States: 2002-2011

Journal article International Journal of Climatology · February 1, 2014 ABSTRACT: The role of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the water budget of 3211 watersheds in the southeast United States (SE US) over the last decade (2002-2011) is examined in detail at daily and longer time-scales towards mapping regional hydro-climatic vulne ... Full text Cite

Coupled prediction of flood response and debris flow initiation during warm-and cold-season events in the Southern Appalachians, USA

Journal article Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · January 31, 2014 Debris flows associated with rainstorms are a frequent and devastating hazard in the Southern Appalachians in the United States. Whereas warm-season events are clearly associated with heavy rainfall intensity, the same cannot be said for the cold-season ev ... Full text Cite

An investigation of warm rainfall microphysics in the southern Appalachians: Orographic enhancement via low-level seeder-feeder interactions

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · January 1, 2014 Observations of the vertical structure of rainfall, surface rain rates, and drop size distributions (DSDs) in the southern Appalachians were analyzed with a focus on the diurnal cycle of rainfall. In the inner mountain region, a 5-yr high-elevation rain ga ... Full text Cite

Ecohydrological flow networks in the subsurface

Journal article Ecohydrology · January 1, 2014 Preferential flow in hillslope systems through subsurface networks developed from a range of botanical, faunal and geophysical processes have been observed and inferred for decades and may provide a large component of the bulk transport of water and solute ... Full text Cite

Investigating links between climate and orography in the central Andes: Coupling erosion and precipitation using a physical-statistical model

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface · January 1, 2014 Prior studies evaluated the interplay between climate and orography by investigating the sensitivity of relief to precipitation using the stream power erosion law (SPEL) for specified erosion rates. Here we address the inverse problem, inferring realistic ... Full text Cite

A Study of the role of daytime land-atmosphere interactions on nocturnal convective activity in the southern great plains during CLASIC

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · January 1, 2014 This study examines whether and how land-atmosphere interactions can have an impact on nocturnal convection over the southern Great Plains (SGP) through numerical simulations of an intense nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 19-20 June 2007 with ... Full text Cite

Evaluating passive microwave radiometry for the dynamical transition from dry to wet snowpacks

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2014 The microwave response of an idealized snowpack is evaluated for a change of the liquid water content (LWC) ranging from 0.0 m3 m-3 to 0.1 m3 m-3, a realistic range for a dry to a wet snowpack transition. Next, t ... Full text Cite

Prospects for flash flood forecasting in mountainous regions - An investigation of Tropical Storm Fay in the Southern Appalachians

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · December 9, 2013 The sensitivity of Quantitative flash-Flood Estimates (QFEs) and Quantitative flash-Flood Forecasts (QFFs) to Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPEs) and Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPFs) was investigated in three headwater catchments with di ... Full text Cite

Multifractal properties of embedded convective structures in orographic precipitation: Toward subgrid-scale predictability

Journal article Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics · September 20, 2013 Rain and cloud fields produced by fully nonlinear idealized cloud resolving numerical simulations of orographic convective precipitation display statistical multiscaling behavior, implying that multifractal diagnostics should provide a physically robust ba ... Full text Cite

CCN estimates from bulk hygroscopic growth factors of ambient aerosols during the pre-monsoon season over Central Nepal

Journal article Atmospheric Environment · March 1, 2013 Aerosol size distribution (ambient and dried) and chemical composition were measured simultaneously using two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs) and filters during the pre-monsoon season (April-June 2009) at two locations in Central Nepal: Dhulikhel ... Full text Cite

Orographic Precipitation, Freshwater Resources, and Climate Vulnerabilities in Mountainous Regions

Journal article · January 1, 2013 About half the world's freshwater resources come from precipitation (rain and snow) in mountainous regions. Understanding how climate and environmental change can impact monsoon rainfall, which is the dominant freshwater source on mountain slopes and adjac ... Full text Cite

High resolution simulation of tropical storm Ivan (2004) in the Southern Appalachians: Role of planetary boundary-layer schemes and cumulus parametrization

Journal article Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · 2013 The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to simulate the evolution of tropical storm Ivan (2004) in the southeast United States using both the Yonsei University (YSU) and Mellor-Yamada-Janjić (MYJ) boundary-layer parametrizations. In contr ... Full text Cite

Vegetation activity monitoring as an indicator of eco-hydrological impacts of extreme events in the southeastern USA

Journal article International Journal of Remote Sensing · January 1, 2013 A vegetation disturbance persistence metric based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer North American Carbon Program vegetation indices (8-day composite at 500 m spatial resolution) was developed with the objective of assessing the eco-hydrolog ... Full text Cite

The impact of forcing datasets on the high-resolution simulation of tropical storm ivan (2004) in the southern appalachians

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · October 1, 2012 The influence of large-scale forcing on the high-resolution simulation of Tropical Storm Ivan (2004) in the southern Appalachians was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Two forcing datasets were employed: the North America ... Full text Cite

The hydrology of the humid tropics

Journal article Nature Climate Change · September 1, 2012 Hydrological processes in the humid tropics differ from other regions in having greater energy inputs and faster rates of change, including human-induced change. Human influences on population growth, land use and climate change will profoundly influence t ... Full text Cite

On the influence of raindrop collision outcomes on equilibrium drop size distributions

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · May 1, 2012 The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a new parameterization of drop-drop collision outcomes based on the relationship between Weber number and drop diameter ratios on the dynamical simulation of raindrop size distributions. Results of t ... Full text Cite

Observing system simulation of snow microwave emissions over data sparse regions-part II: Multilayer physics

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · May 1, 2012 A multilayer formulation of snow hydrological processes implemented in an existing snow hydrology-emission model (MLSHM-ML) was applied in observing system simulation mode (OSS) to two very different climatic and physiographic regions (Valdai, Russia and C ... Full text Cite

Observing system simulation of snow microwave emissions over data sparse regions part I: Single layer physics

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · May 1, 2012 The objective of this work is to develop a framework for monitoring snow water equivalent (SWE) and snowpack radiometric properties (e.g., surface emissivity and reflectivity) and microwave emissions in remote regions where ancillary data and ground-based ... Full text Cite

Precipitation estimates for hydroelectricity

Journal article Energy and Environmental Science · November 1, 2011 Hydroelectric plants require precise and timely estimates of rain, snow and other hydrometeors for operations. However, it is far from being a trivial task to measure and predict precipitation. This paper presents the linkages between precipitation science ... Full text Cite

Mapping aerosol intrusion in Himalayan valleys using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)

Journal article Atmospheric Environment · November 1, 2011 Mapping the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols along mountain ranges is an important step toward elucidating orographic aerosol-cloud-rainfall interactions. This requires high spatial resolution aerosol observations over complex topography, whic ... Full text Cite

Toward a physical characterization of raindrop collision outcome regimes

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · May 1, 2011 A comprehensive raindrop collision outcome regime diagram that delineates the physical conditions associated with the outcome regimes (i.e., bounce, coalescence, and different breakup types) of binary raindrop collisions is proposed. The proposed diagram b ... Full text Cite

Full-system testing in laboratory conditions of an L-band snow sensor system for in situ monitoring of snow-water content

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · March 1, 2011 An L-band transmitter-receiver system wireless sensor to monitor snow accumulation and snow wetness was designed, fabricated, and tested under laboratory conditions. The sensor was designed to operate at 39 discrete frequencies (39 channels) in the 1.00-1. ... Full text Cite

Atmospheric moisture budget and its regulation of the summer precipitation variability over the Southeastern United States

Journal article Climate Dynamics · 2011 The atmospheric moisture budget and its regulation of the summer (June-July-August) precipitation over the Southeastern United State (SE U.S.) are examined during 1948-2007 using PRECipitation REConstruction over Land (Prec/L) and multiple reanalysis datas ... Cite

Chemical composition and aerosol size distribution of the middle mountain range in the Nepal Himalayas during the 2009 pre-monsoon season

Journal article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · December 15, 2010 Aerosol particle number size distribution and chemical composition were measured at two low altitude sites, one urban and one relatively pristine valley, in Central Nepal during the 2009 pre-monsoon season (May-June). This is the first time that aerosol si ... Full text Open Access Cite

Assessing satellite-based precipitation estimates in the Southern Appalachian mountains using rain gauges and TRMM PR

Journal article Advances in Geosciences · December 1, 2010 A study was performed using the first full year of rain gauge records from a newly deployed network in the Southern Appalachian mountains. This is a region characterized by complex topography with orographic rainfall enhancement up to 300% over small dista ... Full text Cite

Joint spatial variability of aerosol, clouds and rainfall in the Himalayas from satellite data

Journal article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · September 14, 2010 Satellite-based precipitation, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Cloud Optical Depth (COD), and Aerosol Index (AI) data were used to characterize the linkages among landform and the intra-annual variability of aerosols, cloudiness and rainfall in the Himalayas ... Full text Open Access Cite

Ground observations to characterize the spatial gradients and vertical structure of orographic precipitation - Experiments in the inner region of the Great Smoky Mountains

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · September 1, 2010 A new rain gauge network was installed in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) in the Southern Appalachians since 2007 to investigate the space-time distribution of precipitation in the inner mountain region. Exploratory Intense Observing Period ... Full text Cite

An evaluation of the statistics of rainfall extremes in rain gauge observations, and satellite-based and reanalysis products using universal multifractals

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · April 1, 2010 Confidence in the estimation of variations in the frequency of extreme events, and specifically extreme precipitation, in response to climate variability and change is key to the development of adaptation strategies. One challenge to establishing a statist ... Full text Open Access Cite

Using fractal downscaling of satellite precipitation products for hydrometeorological applications

Journal article Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · March 1, 2010 The objective of spatial downscaling strategies is to increase the information content of coarse datasets at smaller scales. In the case of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for hydrological applications, the goal is to close the scale gap betwee ... Full text Open Access Cite

Size distribution of raindrops

Journal article Nature Physics · January 1, 2010 Full text Cite

Reply to comment by Qingyuan Han on "metrics to describe the dynamical evolution of atmospheric moisture: Intercomparison of model (NARR) and observations (ISCCP)"

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · January 1, 2010 Coupling strength described by TB08 is not to beinterpreted as a measure of model "goodness", but rather as adiagnostic of nonlinear dynamics in models and observingsystems. This argument is more clearly explained in thecontext of the results presented in ... Full text Cite

Corrigendum

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · 2010 Full text Cite

Exploring the transient behavior of Z-R relationships: Implications for radar rainfall estimation

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · October 1, 2009 The objective of this study is to characterize the signature of dynamical microphysical processes on reflectivity-rainfall (Z-R) relationships used for radar rainfall estimation. For this purpose, a bin model with explicit microphysics was used to perform ... Full text Cite

Combining a rain microphysical model and observations: Implications for radar rainfall estimation

Journal article IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings · September 11, 2009 A bin-model was used to characterize the signature of dynamical microphysical processes on Z-R relationships used for radar rainfall estimation. The sensitivity analysis performed shows that coalescence is the dominant microphysical process for low to mode ... Full text Cite

Probing regional orographic controls of precipitation and cloudiness in the Central Andes using satellite data

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · May 5, 2009 Data obtained from NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites were used to investigate the relationships between topography, large-scale circulation, and the climatology ... Full text Cite

Evaluating spatial variability and scale effects on hydrologic processes in a midsize river basin

Journal article Scientific Research and Essays · April 1, 2009 The impact of spatial variability and scale on the dynamics of hydrologic processes in the Monongahela river basin of USA was investigated using a physically based spatially distributed hydrologic model developed by Yildiz (2001). The hydrologic model simu ... Cite

Revisiting low and list (1982): Evaluation of raindrop collision parameterizations using laboratory observations and modeling

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · December 4, 2008 Raindrop collision and breakup is a stochastic process that affects the evolution of drop size distributions. (DSDs) in precipitating clouds. Low and List have remained the obligatory reference on this matter for almost three decades. Based on a limited nu ... Full text Cite

An intercomparison of model simulations and VPR estimates of the vertical structure of warm stratiform rainfall during TWP-ICE

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · December 1, 2008 A model of rain shaft microphysics that solves the stochastic advection-coalescence-breakup equation in an atmospheric column was used to simulate the evolution of a stratiform rainfall event during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TW ... Full text Cite

A space-filling algorithm to extrapolate narrow-swath instantaneous TRMM microwave rain-rate estimates using thermal IR imagery

Journal article Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · December 1, 2008 A space-filling algorithm (SFA) based on 2D spectral estimation techniques was developed to extrapolate the spatial domain of the narrow-swath near-instantaneous rain-rate estimates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) a ... Full text Cite

A remote sensing survey of the role of land form on the organization of orographic precipitation in Central and Southern Mexico

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · December 1, 2008 Data from NASA's TRMM satellite and NOAA's GOES satellites were used to survey the orographic organization of cloud precipitation in central and southern Mexico during the monsoon with two main objectives: 1) to investigate large-scale forcing versus local ... Full text Cite

Prospecting for freshwater: Hydro-meteo-bio-geo-physical controls of surface water-groundwater interactions

Journal article IAHS AISH Publication · November 17, 2008 The notion of freshwater prospecting implies a dynamic view of the water cycle leading to a macro-scale, and yet process-based approach to water resources management that goes beyond balancing upstream-downstream transport and supply-demand at local places ... Cite

Toward long-lead operational forecasts of drought: An experimental study in the Murray-Darling River Basin

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · August 15, 2008 Resiliency and effectiveness in water resources management of drought is strongly depend on advanced knowledge of drought onset, duration and severity. The motivation of this work is to extend the lead time of operational drought forecasts. The research st ... Full text Cite

Metrics to describe the dynamical evolution of atmospheric moisture: Intercomparison of model (NARR) and observations (ISCCP)

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · January 1, 2008 The manuscript presents results from an exploratory study of metrics to describe the dynamical evolution of atmospheric moisture fields for interpretive studies. Specifically, we conduct diagnostic data analysis of the life cycle (initiation, growth, and d ... Full text Cite

Mapping the history of environmental impacts of land-falling hurricanes in the Southeastern United States - A demonstration for Isabel

Journal article International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS · January 1, 2008 The objective of our research is to develop a framework to perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of Land Use, Land Cover (LULC) change along the historical record of the terrestrial tracks of hurricanes and tropical storms since the beginning of ... Full text Cite

Water for food production - opportunities for sustainable land-water management using remote sensing

Journal article International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS · January 1, 2008 Adaptation to global climate and environmental change in the context of the water-food nexus will require both understanding the nature of change of freshwater resources (e.g. where does precipitation fall, and how much there is?), and the engineering of r ... Full text Cite

A numerical study to investigate the relationship between moisture convergence patterns and orography in Central Mexico

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · December 1, 2007 This study examines small-scale orographic effects on atmospheric moisture convergence at the ridge-valley scale in the Grande de Santiago River basin in central Mexico during a major monsoon storm on 13-14 August 1999. The simulation was performed using a ... Full text Cite

2007 annual meeting organizing committee

Journal article 87th Ams Annual Meeting · December 1, 2007 Cite

87th AMS Annual Meeting - 2nd Symposium on Policy and Socio-Economic Research: Foreword

Journal article 87th Ams Annual Meeting · December 1, 2007 Cite

A robust numerical solution of the stochastic collection-breakup equation for warm rain

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · September 1, 2007 The focus of this paper is on the numerical solution of the stochastic collection equation-stochastic breakup equation (SCE-SBE) describing the evolution of raindrop spectra in warm rain. The drop size distribution (DSD) is discretized using the fixed-pivo ... Full text Cite

Toward elucidating the microstructure of warm rainfall: A survey

Journal article Reviews of Geophysics · June 1, 2007 Quantitative measurement, estimation, and prediction of precipitation remains one of the grand challenges in the hydrological and atmospheric sciences with far-reaching implications across the natural sciences. Although the roots of current research activi ... Full text Cite

Elucidating vegetation controls on the hydroclimatology of a mid-latitude basin

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · February 15, 2007 The role of vegetation controls on the hydrological response to climatic variability of a mid-latitude watershed characterized by complex terrain and complex geology was assessed using a coupled surface-groundwater hydrological model. To separate infiltrat ... Full text Cite

A numerical study of the hydrometeorological dryline in Northwest India during the monsoon

Journal article Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan · January 1, 2007 This objective of this study is to elucidate the processes that govern the space-time persistence of the hydrometeorological dryline in Northwest India. The working hypothesis is that orographic forcing and land-atmosphere interactions via soil moisture an ... Full text Cite

Exploring the use of a column model for the characterization of microphysical processes in warm rain: Results from a homogeneous rainshaft model

Journal article Advances in Geosciences · January 1, 2007 A study of the evolution of raindrop spectra (raindrop size distribution, DSD) between cloud base and the ground surface was conducted using a column model of stochastic coalescense-breakup dynamics. Numerical results show that, under steady-state boundary ... Full text Cite

Regional hydroclimatic variability and Brazil's 2001 energy crisis

Journal article Management of Environmental Quality an International Journal · January 1, 2007 Purpose - This paper seeks to address the issue of persistent and widespread drought conditions during 2000 and 2001, which were the apparent cause of the decline of water levels in the reservoirs of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants. Design/methodology ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of MODIS Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in tropical monsoon regions

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · January 30, 2006 Near real-time vegetation indices derived from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov) provide a first opportunity to monitor ecohydrological systems globally at a spatial resolution consistent with b ... Full text Cite

The NAME 2004 field campaign and modeling strategy

Journal article Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · January 1, 2006 The North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) is an internationally coordinated process study aimed at determining the sources and limits of predictability of warm-season precipitation over North America. The scientific objectives of NAME are to promote a b ... Full text Cite

Field observations of multimode raindrop oscillations by high-speed imaging

Journal article Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · January 1, 2006 Periodic oscillations of raindrops falling at terminal velocity in natural rain are visualized for the first time by high-speed imaging. These images show the existence of an oscillation mode with the same frequency as the fundamental harmonic, but with sh ... Full text Cite

Sensitivity of channel profiles to precipitation properties in mountain ranges

Journal article J. Geophys. Res., F, Earth Surf. (USA) · 2006 The stream power erosion law, which describes the erosion rate as a function of channel discharge and gradient, has often been used for modeling landscape evolution in regions dominated by fluvial processes. However, most previous studies utilizing the str ... Full text Link to item Cite

From weather to climate - Seasonal and interannual variability of storms and implications for erosion processes in the Himalaya

Journal article Special Paper of the Geological Society of America · January 1, 2006 The extent to which orography may be a product of climate-erosion interactions is largely unknown. One grand challenge is to quantify the precipitation regimes of mountainous regions at the spatial and temporal scales relevant for investigating the interpl ... Full text Cite

Environmental informatics - Long-lead flood forecasting using Bayesian neural networks

Journal article Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks · December 1, 2005 Neural Networks (NNs) are especially useful in exploratory data analysis to uncover and, or elucidate empirical relationships among data. Parameter estimation, the so-called "training" of neural networks is a variation of standard maximum likelihood estima ... Full text Cite

85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints: Foreword

Journal article 85th Ams Annual Meeting American Meteorological Society Combined Preprints · December 1, 2005 Cite

85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints: Foreword

Journal article 85th Ams Annual Meeting American Meteorological Society Combined Preprints · December 1, 2005 Cite

Incorporating canopy physiology into a hydrological model: Photosynthesis, dynamic respiration, and stomatal sensitivity

Journal article Ecological Modelling · June 10, 2005 Vegetation modulates the effects of climate variability through soil-vegetation-atmosphere (SVAT) interactions. A quantitative understanding of such interactions requires the proper integration of the water cycle and photosynthesis. While biochemical model ... Full text Cite

The water cycle across scales

Journal article Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2005 Despite the importance of water and a tremendous body of work researching its processes, critical questions regarding the global water cycle remain. These questions range from fundamental details of the spectroscopy of water, to the forecasting of precipit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Winter storms in the central Himalayas

Journal article Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan · June 1, 2004 Based on observations from a hydrometeorological network on the eastern slopes of the Annapurna Range, nearly all the annual precipitation at low elevations (< 2000 in MSL) in Nepal is in liquid form, even during the winter. However, high elevations (> 300 ... Full text Cite

Estimation of latent heating of rainfall during the onset of the Indian Monsoon using TRMM PR and radiosonde data

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology · 2004 The objective of this study is to estimate the vertical structure of the latent heating of precipitation in the vicinity of the Himalayas. Based on a cloud physics parameterization and the thermodynamic equilibrium equation, a simple algorithm is proposed ... Full text Cite

Effect of process parameters on production of a biopolymer by Rhizobium sp.

Journal article Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Part A Enzyme Engineering and Biotechnology · 2004 The production of biopolymers by a Rhizobium strain was studied under batch and bioreactor conditions. The best viscosity levels were obtained under low mannitol concentrations as well as low agitation and aeration conditions. Infrared spectra indicated th ... Cite

Probing orographic controls in the Himalayas during the monsoon using satellite imagery

Journal article Natural Hazards and Earth System Science · January 1, 2004 The linkages between the space-time variability of observed clouds, rainfall, large-circulation patterns and topography in northern India and the Himalayas were investigated using remote sensing data. The research purpose was to test the hypothesis that cl ... Full text Cite

Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalayas

Journal article Nature · December 11, 2003 The hypothesis that abrupt spatial gradients in erosion can cause high strain rates in active orogens has been supported by numerical models that couple erosional processes with lithospheric deformation via gravitational feedbacks. Most such models invoke ... Full text Cite

Probable maximum precipitation estimation using multifractals: Application in the eastern United States

Journal article Journal of Hydrometeorology · 2003 Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the conceptual construct that defines the magnitude of extreme storms used in the design of dams and reservoirs. In this study, the value and utility of applying multifractal analysis techniques to systematically cal ... Full text Cite

Monitoring the monsoon in the Himalayas: Observations in Central Nepal, June 2001

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · 2003 The Monsoon Himalayan Precipitation Experiment (MOHPREX) occurred during June 2001 along the south slopes of the Himalayas in central Nepal. Radiosondes were launched around the clock from two sites, one in the Marsyandi River basin on the eastern footslop ... Full text Cite

Monitoring the monsoon in the Himalayas: Observations in Central Nepal, June 2001

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · 2003 The Monsoon Himalayan Precipitation Experiment (MOHPREX) occurred during June 2001 along the south slopes of the Himalayas in central Nepal. Radiosondes were launched around the clock from two sites, one in the Marsyandi River basin on the eastern footslop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Downscaling of remotely sensed soil moisture with a modified fractal interpolation method using contraction mapping and ancillary data

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · December 1, 2002 Previous work showed that remotely sensed soil moisture fields exhibit multiscaling and multifractal behavior varying with the scales of observations and hydrometeorological forcing (Remote Sens. Environ. 81 (2002) 1). Specifically, it was determined that ... Full text Cite

Assessing the linkages among climate variability, land-use change and the sedimentary regime of the Upper Chesapeake Bay

Journal article Environmental Studies · December 1, 2002 The objective of this study was to assess the effects of climate variability and land-use change in the Susquehanna river basin on the sedimentary regime of the Upper Chesapeake Bay, USA. Historical precipitation, stream discharge, land use, suspended sedi ... Cite

Exploring the transferability of a land-surface hydrology model

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · August 30, 2002 The utility of hydrological models as a research tool is strongly linked to their ability to capture changes in regional hydrologic regimes in response to changes in climate forcing, or to simulate the hydrologic regimes of distinct climatic regions: that ... Full text Cite

Subpixel variability of remotely sensed soil moisture: An inter-comparison study of SAR and ESTAR

Journal article IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · February 1, 2002 The representation of subpixel variability in soil moisture estimates from passive microwave data was investigated through sensitivity analysis and by comparison against the spatial structure of soil moisture fields derived from radar data. This work shows ... Full text Cite

An investigation of the onsets of the 1999 and 2000 monsoons in central Nepal

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · January 1, 2002 The Marsyandi River basin in the central Nepalese Himalayas is a topographically complex region, with strong spatial gradients of precipitation over various timescales. A meteorological network consisting of 20 stations was installed at a variety of elevat ... Full text Cite

A study of land-atmosphere interactions during summertime rainfall using a mesoscale model

Journal article J. Geophys. Res. (USA) · 2002 A coupled mesoscale model (e.g. MM5V3) was used to investigate the mechanisms of land-atmosphere interaction during summertime rainfall in the southern Great Plains. Numerical experiments were conducted for two storms and for clear weather conditions using ... Cite

Space-time characterization of soil moisture from passive microwave remotely sensed imagery and ancillary data

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · January 1, 2002 The statistical structure of soil moisture fields was examined using large-scale images (40 × 250 km) obtained during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP'97) hydrology experiment. In particular, empirical scaling analysis was conducted to investigate the l ... Full text Cite

A study of land-atmosphere interactions during summertime rainfall using a mesoscale model

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · January 1, 2002 A coupled mesoscale model (e.g., MM5V3) was used to investigate the mechanisms of land-atmosphere interaction during summertime rainfall in the southern Great Plains. Numerical experiments were conducted for two storms and for clear weather conditions usin ... Full text Cite

A study of land-atmosphere interactions during summertime rainfall using a mesoscale model

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · January 1, 2002 A coupled mesoscale model (e.g., MM5V3) was used to investigate the mechanisms of land-atmosphere interaction during summertime rainfall in the southern Great Plains. Numerical experiments were conducted for two storms and for clear weather conditions usin ... Full text Cite

Quantitative flood forecasting using multisensor data and neural networks

Journal article Journal of Hydrology · June 1, 2001 Accurate quantitative forecasting of rainfall for basins with a short response time is essential to predict streamflow and flash floods. Previously, neural networks were used to develop a Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting model that highly improved fo ... Full text Cite

Parameterization of vegetation backscatter in radar-based, soil moisture estimation

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · May 3, 2001 The Integral Equation Model (IEM) was previously used in conjunction with an inversion model to retrieve soil moisture using multifrequency and multipolarization data from Spaceborne Imaging Radar C-band (SIR-C) and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (X-SAR). ... Full text Cite

Blending multiresolution satellite data with application to the initialization of an orographic precipitation model

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology · January 1, 2001 The use of multisensor, multifrequency satellite data to specify initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models offers a unique opportunity to improve the depiction of small-scale processes in the atmosphere through a myriad of data assim ... Full text Cite

Integration of engineering education and research: Perspectives from the NSF Civil and mechanical systems 1998 CAREER workshop

Journal article Journal of Engineering Education · January 1, 2001 In 1998 approximately 100 CAREER awardees, NSF staff, and invited speakers from government, industry, and universities assembled at an NSF sponsored two-day workshop on the "Integration of Engineering Research and Education." The workshop provided an oppor ... Full text Cite

Surface roughness for shallow overland flow on crushed stone surfaces

Journal article Journal of Hydraulic Engineering · 2001 Results of laboratory experiments carried out to determine the effective surface roughness for shallow overland flow as a function of the runoff rate, roughness element height, and underlying soil condition are presented. This work was conducted to extend ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combined IR-microwave satellite retrieval of temperature and dewpoint profiles using artificial neural networks

Journal article Journal of Applied Meteorology · January 1, 2001 Radiance measurements from satellites offer the opportunity to retrieve atmospheric variables at much higher spatial resolution than is presently afforded by in situ measurements (e.g., radiosondes). However, the accuracy of these retrievals is crucial to ... Full text Cite

Surface Roughness for Shallow Overland Flow on Crushed Stone Surfaces

Journal article Journal of Hydraulic Engineering · January 1, 2001 Results of laboratory experiments carried out to determine the effective surface roughness for shallow overland flow as a function of the runoff rate, roughness element height, and underlying soil condition are presented. This work was conducted to extend ... Full text Cite

Including vegetation scattering effects in a radar based soil moisture estimation model

Journal article IAHS AISH Publication · December 1, 2000 Previously, the IEM (Integral Equation Model) was successfully used in conjunction with an inversion model to retrieve soil moisture using multi-frequency and multi-polarization data from Spaceborne Imaging Radar C-band (SIR-C) and X-band Synthetic Apertur ... Cite

A study of 1999 monsoon rainfall in a mountainous region in central Nepal using TRMM products and rain gauge observations

Journal article Geophysical Research Letters · November 15, 2000 Raingauge data from the 1999 monsoon were compared with precipitation derived from the precipitation radar (PR) and the microwave imager instruments on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The raingauges are part of a new hydrome ... Full text Cite

Disaggregation of rainfall for one-way coupling of atmospheric and hydrological models in regions of complex terrain

Journal article Global and Planetary Change · July 1, 2000 The objective of this work is to incorporate orographic effects in the disaggregation of rainfall fields from atmospheric to hydrological models. For this purpose, a downscaling methodology based on the principles of fractal interpolation is proposed. The ... Full text Cite

Multifrequency soil moisture inversion from SAR measurements with the use of IEM

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · January 1, 2000 This study focuses on the development of a consistent methodology for soil-moisture inversion from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with the use of the integral equation model (IEM), developed by A. K. Fung and colleagues, without the need to prescribe ... Full text Cite

Oxypropylation of cork residues: Preliminary results

Journal article Bioresource Technology · 2000 Cork was chemically modified with the purpose of reaching a better understanding of its reactivity in heterogenous systems, and obtaining novel products with potential applications in the realm of polymeric materials. Several cork particles were oxypropyla ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-resolution short-term quantitative precipitation forecasting in mountainous regions using a nested model

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · December 27, 1999 In mountainous regions, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is strongly influenced by local orography. The resolution of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has been enhanced significantly in recent years but has yet to ... Full text Cite

Sub-pixel variability of remotely sensed soil moisture: an inter-comparison study of SAR and ESTAR

Journal article International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS · December 1, 1999 Soil moisture was retrieved from radar data using an inverse model based on Integral Equation Model (IEM). ESTAR images of brightness temperature obtained during the same period were inverted independently for soil moisture. The results at individual sampl ... Cite

Runoff in shallow soils under laboratory conditions

Journal article Journal of Hydrologic Engineering · 1999 Laboratory experiments of runoff production in shallow soils were conducted on plots consisting of a bedrock layer, an intermediate soil layer, and a crushed stone cover layer. Artificial rainfall was supplied in varying amounts and time sequences. The pur ... Full text Link to item Cite

Runoff in shallow soils under laboratory conditions

Journal article Journal of Hydrologic Engineering · January 1, 1999 Laboratory experiments of runoff production in shallow soils were conducted on plots consisting of a bedrock layer, an intermediate soil layer, and a crushed stone cover layer. Artificial rainfall was supplied in varying amounts and time sequences; and sur ... Full text Cite

Using artificial neural networks to estimate missing rainfall data

Journal article Journal of the American Water Resources Association · January 1, 1998 Missing rainfall data from a time series or a spatial field of observations can present a serious obstacle to data analysis, modeling studies and operational forecasting in hydrology. Numerous schemes for replacing missing data have been proposed, ranging ... Full text Cite

Towards the construction of workflow-suitable conceptual modelling techniques

Journal article Inf. Syst. J. (UK) · 1998 Despite their high-level and graphical nature, workflow specifications require a significant amount of implementation detail-e.g. the application programming interface, database access and programming mechanisms for information flow-for a more comprehensiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Orographic effects during a severe wintertime rainstorm in the appalachian mountains

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · January 1, 1998 The evolution of precipitation features during a severe wintertime rainfall und flooding event associated with a cold front that crossed the central Appalachians on 19 January 1996 is illustrated through the analysis of radiosonde, rainfall, and streamflow ... Full text Cite

Localized precipitation forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model using artificial neural networks

Journal article Weather and Forecasting · January 1, 1998 Although the resolution of numerical weather prediction models continues to improve, many of the processes that influence precipitation are still not captured adequately by the scales of present operational models, and consequently precipitation forecasts ... Full text Cite

Experiments in short-term precipitation forecasting using artificial neural networks

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · January 1, 1998 Accurate, timely, site-specific forecasts of precipitation are important for accurately predicting streamflow and flash floods in small drainage basins. However, presently available numerical weather prediction models do not generally provide forecasts wit ... Full text Cite

Designing for climate variability

Journal article Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice · January 1, 1997 Hurricanes, blizzards, and floods. The atmosphere has visited extreme weather in the United States over the last five years. Is this climate change or climatic variability? Is the distinction important in the context of infrastructure design and planning? ... Full text Cite

Towards real-scale business transaction workflow modelling

Journal article Lecture Notes in Computer Science · 1997 Cite

Predictability of extreme floods and the role of the coupled land-atmosphere-ocean system

Journal article Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction · December 1, 1996 The interaction between climate forcings and triggering of floods was studied. Significant correlation was found between homogeneity and order measures of precipitation and cloud fields, the East Equatorial Pacific Sea-Surface Temperatures (EEP-SST) and th ... Cite

Incorporation of time-intensity and spatial variability into probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimates

Journal article Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction · December 1, 1996 At present, considerations regarding the space-time variability of precipitation are absent from the procedures to establish design storms and PMP estimates, which are limited to depth-duration-area curves for a number of annual exceedence probabilities (r ... Cite

Aggregation of digital terrain data using a modified fractal interpolation scheme

Journal article Computers and Geosciences · October 1, 1996 A modified fractal interpolation scheme that can be used to produce consistent digital terrain models at different spatial resolutions is introduced in this paper. The focus of the paper is on the aggregation of fine resolution terrain data to coarser scal ... Full text Cite

An evaluation of model parameterizations of sediment pathways: A case study for the Tejo estuary

Journal article Continental Shelf Research · January 1, 1996 A simple sediment transport model was used to reproduce the evolution of sedimentary features in the Tejo estuary over a 50-yr period. The parameterizations of fundamental processes of sediment dynamics such as erosion, deposition and flocculation were eva ... Full text Cite

Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films of derivatives of α-olefin-maleic anhydride alternating copolymers prepared from olefins containing hydrophilic groups

Journal article Polymer · 1995 A range of long chain α-olefins were prepared which contained amide(four examples) or ester (five examples) linkages. The olefins were copolymerized with maleic anhydride and the alternating copolymers produced were subjected to ring-opening reaction ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adaptive multilevel modeling of land-atmosphere interactions

Journal article Journal of Climate · January 1, 1995 Adaptive multilevel methods allow full coupling of atmospheric and land surface hydrological models by preserving consistency between the large-scale (atmospheric) and the regional (land) components. The first case study consisted of coupling two simple mo ... Full text Cite

Incorporation of an evaporative cooling scheme into a dynamic model of orographic precipitation

Journal article Mon. Weather Rev. (USA) · 1994 A simple evaporative cooling scheme was incorporated into a dynamic model to estimate orographic precipitation in mountainous regions. The orographic precipitation model is based on the transport of atmospheric moisture and the quantification of precipitab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dynamic modeling of orographically induced precipitation

Journal article Reviews of Geophysics · January 1, 1994 Local orography governs the triggering of cloud formation and the enhancement of processes such as condensation and hydrometeor nucleation and growth in mountainous regions. Intense, lengthy precipitation events are typical upwind of the topographic divide ... Full text Cite

Dynamic modeling of the spatial distribution of precipitation in remote mountainous areas

Journal article Monthly Weather Review · January 1, 1993 A model is described that simulates Lagrangian transport of moist static energy and total water through a 3D finite-element grid, where precipitation is the only scavenging agent of both variables. The model is aimed primarily at the reproduction of the pr ... Full text Cite

Multiscale aggregation and disaggregation of precipitation for regional hydroclimatological studies

Journal article Macroscale Modelling of the Hydrosphere Proc International Conference Yokohama 1993 · January 1, 1993 The use of multigrid methods for climate simulations is illustrated through the application of a regional model to predict precipitation, soil moisture and snow cover in the Olympic and Sierra Nevada Mountains of the Western USA. The model combines a repre ... Cite

Eulerian-Lagrangian model for sediment transport in estuaries

Journal article undefined · December 1, 1989 We describe a new depth-averaged numerical model for the simulation of the fate of sediments in estuaries. The model, denoted ELAsed, includes the following distinctive characteristics: a) erosion and deposition are allowed to occur simultaneously; b) floc ... Cite