Blanche Capel | Scholars@Duke

Blanche Capel
James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology

In mammals, the primary step in male sex determination is the initiation of testis development in the bipotential gonad primordium. This step depends on the Y-linked male sex-determining gene, Sry . Expression of Sry in the XY gonad, or as a transgene in an XX gonad, leads to the differentiation of Sertoli cells. Failures in Sertoli cell differentiation in the XY gonad result in sex reversal and ovary formation. In addition to Sertoli cell differentiation, we are studying the signaling pathways between Sry expression and early steps in testis organogenesis using mouse as a model system. Using genetic and cell biology approaches, we determined the origin of several key cell types of the testis. We also identified two pathways, proliferation and cell migration, that are controlled by Sry and lead to the architectural patterning of the testis. Currently we are investigating the novel hypothesis that reciprocal signals between the vasculature and Sertoli cells are involved in patterning testis cords. Testis organogenesis is an ideal model system to study the integration of vasculature during development of organ structure. In addition, we are investigating critical signals between Sertoli cells and germ cells during testis cord formation. Defects in these signals result in teratomas and gonadal blastomas, common neoplasias in young boys. Experimental approaches include the use of molecular and biochemical techniques, mutant mice, transgenics, organ culture assays, differential screens, immunocytochemistry imaging techniques, and classic mouse genetics.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 2010
Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 2005
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1993
Affiliate of the Regeneration Next Initiative, Regeneration Next Initiative, Institutes and Centers 2016

Contact Information

307 Research Drive, Nanaline Bldg Room 452, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3709 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
blanche.capel@duke.edu (919) 684-6390
Capel Lab
Department of Cell Biology

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania 1989
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 2000 - 2005
- Assistant Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Basic Science Departments 1993 - 2000
Recognition
Awards & Honors
- MERIT Award. National Institutes of Health. 2011
- AAAS Fellows. American Association for the Advancement of Science, The. 2010
Research
Selected Grants
- Identification of a Genetic Pathway Linking Temperature with Epigenetic Control of Gonad Determination in T. scripta awarded by National Science Foundation 2019 - 2024
- Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2022
- IRES Track 1 IRTG Engaged in Dissecting and Reengineering the Regulatory Genome awarded by National Science Foundation 2019 - 2022
- Defining Mechanisms of Ovarian Rescue awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Training Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2022
- Opposing Pathways in Mammalian Sex Determination awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2021
- DND1 Mediated Posttranscriptional Regulation in Murine Prospermatogonia During G1/G0 Arrest awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2020
- Mechanisms of ovarian rescue in chemotherapy-treated female mice 2017 - 2020
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2020
- Genetics Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1979 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Center for Molecular & Cellular Studies of Ped Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2018
- Temporal profiling and functional analysis of temperature-dependent sex determination awarded by National Science Foundation 2013 - 2017
- Role of Lamin B Receptor in Male Germ Cell Differentiation and Epigenetic Regulation 2016 - 2017
- The Seventh International Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination awarded by March of Dimes 2015
- Multidisciplinary Neonatal Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2015
- Regulation of Germ Cell Pluripotency Through The RNA-Binding Protein, DND1 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2014
- A new cell population regulating cell fate and morphogenesis in the mouse testis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2012
- A Functional Assay to Test Conserved Mechanisms of Sex Determination in the Turtle, T. scripta awarded by National Science Foundation 2009 - 2011
- WNT4- Mediated Signaling During Mammalian Sex Determination awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2010
- Organ-specific Mechanisms of Vascular Development awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2008
- Mechanisms of Gonad Organogenesis in the red-eared slider tutle (Trachemys scripta) awarded by National Science Foundation 2003 - 2008
- Fourth Annual Symposium on the Biology of Vertebrate Sex Determination awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006
- Zeiss LSM510 META confocal-fluorescence spectroscopy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2004
- Analysis of Sonic Hedgehog Function During Gonadogenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2004
- Sry and Signals Controlling the Origin and Specification of Sertoli Cells awarded by National Science Foundation 1999 - 2002
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Capel, Blanche. Preface. Vol. 134, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(19)30050-X.
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- Academic Articles
  - Yokonishi, Tetsuhiro, Jennifer McKey, Shintaro Ide, and Blanche Capel. “Sertoli cell ablation and replacement of the spermatogonial niche in mouse.” Nat Commun 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 40. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13879-8.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: To be or not to be a testis.” Reproduction 158, no. 6 (December 2019): F101–11. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-19-0151.
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  - Nicol, Barbara, Sara A. Grimm, Frédéric Chalmel, Estelle Lecluze, Maëlle Pannetier, Eric Pailhoux, Elodie Dupin-De-Beyssat, Yann Guiguen, Blanche Capel, and Humphrey H-C Yao. “RUNX1 maintains the identity of the fetal ovary through an interplay with FOXL2.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 5116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13060-1.
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  - Ruthig, Victor A., Matthew B. Friedersdorf, Jason A. Garness, Steve C. Munger, Corey Bunce, Jack D. Keene, and Blanche Capel. “The RNA-binding protein DND1 acts sequentially as a negative regulator of pluripotency and a positive regulator of epigenetic modifiers required for germ cell reprogramming.” Development 146, no. 19 (July 25, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.175950.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “Commentary on "Direct visualization, by β-galactosidase histochemistry, of differentiated normal cells derived from malignant teratocarcinoma in allophenic mice" by Dewey and Mintz 1978.” Dev Biol 450, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.009.
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  - Garcia-Moreno, S Alexandra, Yi-Tzu Lin, Christopher R. Futtner, Isabella M. Salamone, Blanche Capel, and Danielle M. Maatouk. “CBX2 is required to stabilize the testis pathway by repressing Wnt signaling.” Plos Genet 15, no. 5 (May 2019): e1007895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007895.
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  - McKey, Jennifer, Corey Bunce, Iordan S. Batchvarov, David M. Ornitz, and Blanche Capel. “Neural crest-derived neurons invade the ovary but not the testis during mouse gonad development.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116, no. 12 (March 19, 2019): 5570–75. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814930116.
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  - Weber, Ceri, and Blanche Capel. “Sex reversal.” Curr Biol 28, no. 21 (November 5, 2018): R1234–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.043.
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  - Garcia-Moreno, S Alexandra, Michael P. Plebanek, and Blanche Capel. “Epigenetic regulation of male fate commitment from an initially bipotential system.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 468 (June 15, 2018): 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.009.
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  - Ge, Chutian, Jian Ye, Ceri Weber, Wei Sun, Haiyan Zhang, Yingjie Zhou, Cheng Cai, Guoying Qian, and Blanche Capel. “The histone demethylase KDM6B regulates temperature-dependent sex determination in a turtle species.” Science 360, no. 6389 (May 11, 2018): 645–48. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8328.
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  - Pierpont, Timothy M., Amy M. Lyndaker, Claire M. Anderson, Qiming Jin, Elizabeth S. Moore, Jamie L. Roden, Alicia Braxton, et al. “Chemotherapy-Induced Depletion of OCT4-Positive Cancer Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Malignant Testicular Cancer.” Cell Rep 21, no. 7 (November 14, 2017): 1896–1909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.078.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “Vertebrate sex determination: evolutionary plasticity of a fundamental switch.” Nat Rev Genet 18, no. 11 (November 2017): 675–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2017.60.
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  - Ge, Chutian, Jian Ye, Haiyan Zhang, Yi Zhang, Wei Sun, Yapeng Sang, Blanche Capel, and Guoying Qian. “Dmrt1 induces the male pathway in a turtle species with temperature-dependent sex determination.” Development 144, no. 12 (June 15, 2017): 2222–33. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.152033.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., Anirudh Natarajan, Yoichiro Shibata, Lingyun Song, Gregory E. Crawford, Uwe Ohler, and Blanche Capel. “Genome-wide identification of regulatory elements in Sertoli cells.” Development 144, no. 4 (February 15, 2017): 720–30. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.142554.
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  - Batchvarov, Iordan Stefanov, Rachel Williamson Taylor, Ximena Bustamante-Marín, Michael Czerwinski, Erika Segear Johnson, Sally Kornbluth, and Blanche Capel. “A grafted ovarian fragment rescues host fertility after chemotherapy.” Mol Hum Reprod 22, no. 12 (December 2016): 842–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaw064.
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  - Czerwinski, Michael, Anirudh Natarajan, Lindsey Barske, Loren L. Looger, and Blanche Capel. “A timecourse analysis of systemic and gonadal effects of temperature on sexual development of the red-eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta elegans.” Dev Biol 420, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 166–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.018.
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  - Bunce, Corey, and Blanche Capel. “Cycling in the Cell Fate Landscape.” Curr Top Dev Biol 116 (2016): 153–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.10.001.
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  - Bustamante-Marin, Ximena M., Matthew S. Cook, Jessica Gooding, Christopher Newgard, and Blanche Capel. “Left-Biased Spermatogenic Failure in 129/SvJ Dnd1Ter/+ Mice Correlates with Differences in Vascular Architecture, Oxygen Availability, and Metabolites.” Biol Reprod 93, no. 3 (September 2015): 78. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.115.128850.
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  - DeFalco, Tony, Sarah J. Potter, Alyna V. Williams, Brittain Waller, Matthew J. Kan, and Blanche Capel. “Macrophages Contribute to the Spermatogonial Niche in the Adult Testis.” Cell Rep 12, no. 7 (August 18, 2015): 1107–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.015.
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  - Lin, Yi-Tzu, and Blanche Capel. “Cell fate commitment during mammalian sex determination.” Curr Opin Genet Dev 32 (June 2015): 144–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2015.03.003.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “Ovarian epithelium regeneration by Lgr5(+) cells.” Nature Cell Biology 16, no. 8 (August 2014): 743–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3020.
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  - DeFalco, Tony, Indrashis Bhattacharya, Alyna V. Williams, Dustin M. Sams, and Blanche Capel. “Yolk-sac-derived macrophages regulate fetal testis vascularization and morphogenesis.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111, no. 23 (June 10, 2014): E2384–93. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400057111.
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  - Mork, Lindsey, Michael Czerwinski, and Blanche Capel. “Predetermination of sexual fate in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination.” Dev Biol 386, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 264–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.026.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “Development. The minimalist Y.” Science 343, no. 6166 (January 3, 2014): 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248486.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., Lindsey Mork, Anne-Amandine Chassot, Marie-Christine Chaboissier, and Blanche Capel. “Disruption of mitotic arrest precedes precocious differentiation and transdifferentiation of pregranulosa cells in the perinatal Wnt4 mutant ovary.” Dev Biol 383, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.026.
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  - Garcia, Thomas Xavier, Tony DeFalco, Blanche Capel, and Marie-Claude Hofmann. “Constitutive activation of NOTCH1 signaling in Sertoli cells causes gonocyte exit from quiescence.” Dev Biol 377, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.031.
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  - Capel, Blanche, and Minoru Tanaka. “Forward to the special issue on sex determination.” Dev Dyn 242, no. 4 (April 2013): 303–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.23937.
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  - Defalco, Tony, Anirudh Saraswathula, Anaïs Briot, M Luisa Iruela-Arispe, and Blanche Capel. “Testosterone levels influence mouse fetal Leydig cell progenitors through notch signaling.” Biol Reprod 88, no. 4 (April 2013): 91. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.112.106138.
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  - Shaffer, H Bradley, Patrick Minx, Daniel E. Warren, Andrew M. Shedlock, Robert C. Thomson, Nicole Valenzuela, John Abramyan, et al. “The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage.” Genome Biol 14, no. 3 (March 28, 2013): R28. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r28.
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  - Mork, Lindsey, and Blanche Capel. “Conserved action of β-catenin during female fate determination in the red-eared slider turtle.” Evol Dev 15, no. 2 (March 2013): 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12020.
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  - Bustamante-Marín, Ximena, Jason A. Garness, and Blanche Capel. “Testicular teratomas: an intersection of pluripotency, differentiation and cancer biology.” The International Journal of Developmental Biology 57, no. 2–4 (January 2013): 201–10. https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.130136bc.
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  - Munger, Steven C., Anirudh Natarajan, Loren L. Looger, Uwe Ohler, and Blanche Capel. “Fine time course expression analysis identifies cascades of activation and repression and maps a putative regulator of mammalian sex determination.” Plos Genet 9, no. 7 (2013): e1003630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003630.
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  - Shaffer, H. B., P. Minx, D. E. Warren, A. M. Shedlock, R. C. Thomson, N. Valenzuela, J. Abramyan, et al. “The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage.” Genome Biology 14, no. 3 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r28.
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  - Cool, Jonah, Tony DeFalco, and Blanche Capel. “Testis formation in the fetal mouse: dynamic and complex de novo tubulogenesis.” Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 1, no. 6 (November 2012): 847–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.62.
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  - Jameson, Samantha A., Yi-Tzu Lin, and Blanche Capel. “Testis development requires the repression of Wnt4 by Fgf signaling.” Dev Biol 370, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.06.009.
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  - Munger, Steven C., and Blanche Capel. “Sex and the circuitry: progress toward a systems-level understanding of vertebrate sex determination.” Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 4, no. 4 (July 2012): 401–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1172.
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  - Mork, Lindsey, Danielle M. Maatouk, Jill A. McMahon, Jin Jin Guo, Pumin Zhang, Andrew P. McMahon, and Blanche Capel. “Temporal differences in granulosa cell specification in the ovary reflect distinct follicle fates in mice.” Biol Reprod 86, no. 2 (February 2012): 37. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.095208.
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  - Jameson, Samantha A., Anirudh Natarajan, Jonah Cool, Tony DeFalco, Danielle M. Maatouk, Lindsey Mork, Steven C. Munger, and Blanche Capel. “Temporal transcriptional profiling of somatic and germ cells reveals biased lineage priming of sexual fate in the fetal mouse gonad.” Plos Genet 8, no. 3 (2012): e1002575. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002575.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., Lindsey Mork, Ashley Hinson, Akio Kobayashi, Andrew P. McMahon, and Blanche Capel. “Germ cells are not required to establish the female pathway in mouse fetal gonads.” Plos One 7, no. 10 (2012): e47238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047238.
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  - Mork, Lindsey, Hao Tang, Iordan Batchvarov, and Blanche Capel. “Mouse germ cell clusters form by aggregation as well as clonal divisions.” Mech Dev 128, no. 11–12 (January 2012): 591–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2011.12.005.
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  - DeFalco, Tony, Satoru Takahashi, and Blanche Capel. “Two distinct origins for Leydig cell progenitors in the fetal testis.” Dev Biol 352, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.011.
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  - Cool, Jonah, Tony J. DeFalco, and Blanche Capel. “Vascular-mesenchymal cross-talk through Vegf and Pdgf drives organ patterning.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, no. 1 (January 4, 2011): 167–72. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010299108.
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  - Mork, Lindsey, and Blanche Capel. “Oestrogen shuts the door on SOX9.” Bmc Biol 8 (August 31, 2010): 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-8-110.
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  - Barske, Lindsey A., and Blanche Capel. “Estrogen represses SOX9 during sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta.” Dev Biol 341, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 305–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.02.010.
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  - Barske, Lindsey A., and Blanche Capel. “Sex determination: An avian sexual revolution.” Nature 464, no. 7286 (March 2010): 171–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/464171a.
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  - Cook, Matthew S., and Blanche Capel. “Shifting gears and putting on the brakes: Female germ cells transition into meiosis.” Cell Cycle 9, no. 3 (February 1, 2010): 447–48.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., and Blanche Capel. “Unmasking a role for sex chromosomes in gene silencing.” Genome Biol 11, no. 9 (2010): 134. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-9-134.
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  - Krentz, Anthony D., Mark W. Murphy, Shinseog Kim, Matthew S. Cook, Blanche Capel, Rui Zhu, Angabin Matin, et al. “The DM domain protein DMRT1 is a dose-sensitive regulator of fetal germ cell proliferation and pluripotency.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 52 (December 29, 2009): 22323–28. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905431106.
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  - Munger, Steven C., David L. Aylor, Haider Ali Syed, Paul M. Magwene, David W. Threadgill, and Blanche Capel. “Elucidation of the transcription network governing mammalian sex determination by exploiting strain-specific susceptibility to sex reversal.” Genes Dev 23, no. 21 (November 1, 2009): 2521–36. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1835809.
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  - Capel, B. “Choosing Sex.” Scientist 23, no. 10 (October 1, 2009).
  - Cook, Matthew S., Douglas Coveney, Iordan Batchvarov, Joseph H. Nadeau, and Blanche Capel. “BAX-mediated cell death affects early germ cell loss and incidence of testicular teratomas in Dnd1(Ter/Ter) mice.” Developmental Biology 328, no. 2 (April 2009): 377–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.041.
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  - Cool, Jonah, and Blanche Capel. “Mixed signals: development of the testis.” Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 27, no. 1 (January 2009): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1108005.
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  - DeFalco, Tony, and Blanche Capel. “Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end.” Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25 (2009): 457–82. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350.
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  - Barske, Lindsey A., and Blanche Capel. “Blurring the edges in vertebrate sex determination.” Curr Opin Genet Dev 18, no. 6 (December 2008): 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.004.
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  - Capel, Blanche, and Jordan Batchvarov. “Sex chromatin staining in amnion cells.” Csh Protoc 2008 (November 1, 2008): pdb.prot5079. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5079.
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  - Capel, Blanche, and Jordan Batchvarov. “Preparing recombinant gonad organ cultures.” Csh Protoc 2008 (November 1, 2008): pdb.prot5078. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5078.
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  - Tang, Hao, Jennifer Brennan, Jeannie Karl, Yoshio Hamada, Lori Raetzman, and Blanche Capel. “Notch signaling maintains Leydig progenitor cells in the mouse testis.” Development 135, no. 22 (November 2008): 3745–53. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.024786.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., Leo DiNapoli, Ashley Alvers, Keith L. Parker, Makoto M. Taketo, and Blanche Capel. “Stabilization of beta-catenin in XY gonads causes male-to-female sex-reversal.” Hum Mol Genet 17, no. 19 (October 1, 2008): 2949–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddn193.
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  - Coveney, D., A. J. Ross, J. D. Slone, and B. Capel. “Erratum to "A microarray analysis of the XX Wnt4 mutant gonad targeted at the identification of genes involved in testis vascular differentiation" [Gene Expression Patterns 7 (2007) 82-92].” Gene Expression Patterns 8, no. 7–8 (September 1, 2008): 528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2008.05.005.
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  - Coveney, Douglas, Andrea J. Ross, Jesse D. Slone, and Blanche Capel. “A microarray analysis of the XX Wnt4 mutant gonad targeted at the identification of genes involved in testis vascular differentiation.” Gene Expression Patterns : Gep 8, no. 7–8 (September 2008): 529–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2008.05.006.
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  - Tang, Hao, Andrea Ross, and Blanche Capel. “Expression and functional analysis of Gm114, a putative mammalian ortholog of Drosophila bam.” Developmental Biology 318, no. 1 (June 2008): 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.001.
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  - Coveney, Douglas, Jonah Cool, Tim Oliver, and Blanche Capel. “Four-dimensional analysis of vascularization during primary development of an organ, the gonad.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, no. 20 (May 20, 2008): 7212–17. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707674105.
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  - Cool, J., F. D. Carmona, J. C. Szucsik, and B. Capel. “Peritubular myoid cells are not the migrating population required for testis cord formation in the XY gonad.” Sex Dev 2, no. 3 (2008): 128–33. https://doi.org/10.1159/000143430.
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  - DiNapoli, Leo, and Blanche Capel. “SRY and the standoff in sex determination.” Mol Endocrinol 22, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0250.
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  - Durcova-Hills, Gabriela, and Blanche Capel. “Development of germ cells in the mouse.” Curr Top Dev Biol 83 (2008): 185–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(08)00406-7.
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  - Maatouk, Danielle M., and Blanche Capel. “Sexual development of the soma in the mouse.” Curr Top Dev Biol 83 (2008): 151–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(08)00405-5.
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  - Little, M. H., J. Brennan, K. Georgas, J. A. Davies, D. R. Davidson, R. A. Baldock, A. Beverdam, et al. “Corrigendum to "A high-resolution anatomical ontology of the developing murine genitourinary tract" [Gene Expression Patterns 7 (2007) 680-699] (DOI:10.1016/j.modgep.2007.03.002).” Gene Expression Patterns 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2007.07.003.
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  - Kim, Yuna, Nathan Bingham, Ryohei Sekido, Keith L. Parker, Robin Lovell-Badge, and Blanche Capel. “Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 regulates proliferation and Sertoli differentiation during male sex determination.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, no. 42 (October 16, 2007): 16558–63. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702581104.
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  - DiNapoli, Leo, Paula Dietrich, and Blanche Capel. “Optimized regimen for expression of heat-inducible Cre in mice.” Biotechniques 42, no. 6 (June 2007): 710–14. https://doi.org/10.2144/000112495.
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  - Little, Melissa H., Jane Brennan, Kylie Georgas, Jamie A. Davies, Duncan R. Davidson, Richard A. Baldock, Annemiek Beverdam, et al. “A high-resolution anatomical ontology of the developing murine genitourinary tract.” Gene Expr Patterns 7, no. 6 (June 2007): 680–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2007.03.002.
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  - DiNapoli, Leo, and Blanche Capel. “Germ cell depletion does not alter the morphogenesis of the fetal testis or ovary in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta).” J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 308, no. 3 (May 15, 2007): 236–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21136.
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  - Coveney, Douglas, Andrea J. Ross, Jesse D. Slone, and Blanche Capel. “A microarray analysis of the XX Wnt4 mutant gonad targeted at the identification of genes involved in testis vascular differentiation.” Gene Expr Patterns 7, no. 1–2 (January 2007): 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2006.05.012.
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  - Ross, A., S. Munger, and B. Capel. “Bmp7 regulates germ cell proliferation in mouse fetal gonads.” Sex Dev 1, no. 2 (2007): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.1159/000100034.
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  - Capel, Blanche. “R-spondin1 tips the balance in sex determination.” Nature Genetics 38, no. 11 (November 2006): 1233–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1106-1233.
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  - Chiu, Ernest S., Brian C. Capell, Robert Press, Sherell J. Aston, Elizabeth B. Jelks, and Glenn W. Jelks. “Successful management of orbital cellulitis and temporary visual loss after blepharoplasty.” Plast Reconstr Surg 118, no. 3 (September 2006): 67e-72e. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000233031.17109.c6.
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  - Kim, Yuna, and Blanche Capel. “Balancing the bipotential gonad between alternative organ fates: a new perspective on an old problem.” Dev Dyn 235, no. 9 (September 2006): 2292–2300. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20894.
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  - Kim, Y., A. Kobayashi, R. Sekido, L. DiNapoli, J. Brennan, M. C. Chaboissier, F. Poulat, R. R. Behringer, R. Lovell-Badge, and B. Capel. “Fgf9 and Wnt4 act as antagonistic signals to regulate mammalian sex determination.” Plos Biology 4, no. 6 (June 26, 2006): 1000–1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/11558958_121.
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  - Kim, Yuna, Akio Kobayashi, Ryohei Sekido, Leo DiNapoli, Jennifer Brennan, Marie-Christine Chaboissier, Francis Poulat, Richard R. Behringer, Robin Lovell-Badge, and Blanche Capel. “Fgf9 and Wnt4 act as antagonistic signals to regulate mammalian sex determination.” Plos Biol 4, no. 6 (June 2006): e187. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040187.
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  - DiNapoli, Leo, Jordan Batchvarov, and Blanche Capel. “FGF9 promotes survival of germ cells in the fetal testis.” Development 133, no. 8 (April 2006): 1519–27. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.02303.
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  - Koubova, Jana, Douglas B. Menke, Qing Zhou, Blanche Capel, Michael D. Griswold, and David C. Page. “Retinoic acid regulates sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation in mice.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, no. 8 (February 21, 2006): 2474–79. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510813103.
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  - Yao, Humphrey H-C, and Blanche Capel. “Temperature, genes, and sex: a comparative view of sex determination in Trachemys scripta and Mus musculus.” J Biochem 138, no. 1 (July 2005): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvi097.
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  - Peng, X., C. Bhattacharya, M. D. Jian, R. Behringer, K. Youngren, B. Lamb, D. Coveney, et al. “New clues to the genetic basis of testicular cancer suggest dead end mutations.” Cancer Biology and Therapy 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2005).
  - Youngren, Kirsten K., Douglas Coveney, Xiaoning Peng, Chitralekha Bhattacharya, Laura S. Schmidt, Michael L. Nickerson, Bruce T. Lamb, et al. “The Ter mutation in the dead end gene causes germ cell loss and testicular germ cell tumours.” Nature 435, no. 7040 (May 19, 2005): 360–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03595.
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  - Ross, Andrea J., and Blanche Capel. “Signaling at the crossroads of gonad development.” Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: Tem 16, no. 1 (January 2005): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2004.11.004.
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  - Capel, Blanche, and Doug Coveney. “Frank Lillie's freemartin: illuminating the pathway to 21st century reproductive endocrinology.” J Exp Zool a Comp Exp Biol 301, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 853–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.107.
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  - Yao, Humphrey H-C, Leo DiNapoli, and Blanche Capel. “Cellular mechanisms of sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta.” Mech Dev 121, no. 11 (November 2004): 1393–1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2004.06.001.
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  - Takada, Shuji, Leo DiNapoli, Blanche Capel, and Peter Koopman. “Sox8 is expressed at similar levels in gonads of both sexes during the sex determining period in turtles.” Dev Dyn 231, no. 2 (October 2004): 387–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20132.
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  - Cui, Shiying, Andrea Ross, Nancy Stallings, Keith L. Parker, Blanche Capel, and Susan E. Quaggin. “Disrupted gonadogenesis and male-to-female sex reversal in Pod1 knockout mice.” Development 131, no. 16 (August 2004): 4095–4105. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01266.
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  - Schmahl, Jennifer, Yuna Kim, Jennifer S. Colvin, David M. Ornitz, and Blanche Capel. “Fgf9 induces proliferation and nuclear localization of FGFR2 in Sertoli precursors during male sex determination.” Development 131, no. 15 (August 2004): 3627–36. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01239.
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  - Brennan, Jennifer, and Blanche Capel. “One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development.” Nat Rev Genet 5, no. 7 (July 2004): 509–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1381.
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  - Yao, Humphrey H. C., Martin M. Matzuk, Carolina J. Jorgez, Douglas B. Menke, David C. Page, Amanda Swain, and Blanche Capel. “Follistatin operates downstream of Wnt4 in mammalian ovary organogenesis.” Dev Dyn 230, no. 2 (June 2004): 210–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20042.
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  - Ross, Andrea J., Christopher Tilman, Humphrey Yao, David MacLaughlin, and Blanche Capel. “AMH induces mesonephric cell migration in XX gonads.” Mol Cell Endocrinol 211, no. 1–2 (December 15, 2003): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2003.09.021.
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  - Yao, Humphrey H-C, Leo DiNapoli, and Blanche Capel. “Meiotic germ cells antagonize mesonephric cell migration and testis cord formation in mouse gonads.” Development 130, no. 24 (December 2003): 5895–5902. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00836.
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  - Atchison, Fawn W., Blanche Capel, and Anthony R. Means. “Pin1 regulates the timing of mammalian primordial germ cell proliferation.” Development 130, no. 15 (August 2003): 3579–86. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00584.
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  - Jeays-Ward, Katherine, Christine Hoyle, Jennifer Brennan, Mathieu Dandonneau, Graham Alldus, Blanche Capel, and Amanda Swain. “Endothelial and steroidogenic cell migration are regulated by WNT4 in the developing mammalian gonad.” Development 130, no. 16 (August 2003): 3663–70. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00591.
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  - Schmahl, Jennifer, and Blanche Capel. “Cell proliferation is necessary for the determination of male fate in the gonad.” Developmental Biology 258, no. 2 (June 2003): 264–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00122-2.
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  - Schmahl, Jennifer, Humphrey H. Yao, Fernando Pierucci-Alves, and Blanche Capel. “Colocalization of WT1 and cell proliferation reveals conserved mechanisms in temperature-dependent sex determination.” Genesis 35, no. 4 (April 2003): 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/gene.10176.
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  - Brennan, Jennifer, Christopher Tilmann, and Blanche Capel. “Pdgfr-alpha mediates testis cord organization and fetal Leydig cell development in the XY gonad.” Genes Dev 17, no. 6 (March 15, 2003): 800–810. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1052503.
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  - Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang, and Blanche Capel. “Disruption of testis cords by cyclopamine or forskolin reveals independent cellular pathways in testis organogenesis.” Dev Biol 246, no. 2 (June 15, 2002): 356–65. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2002.0663.
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  - Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang, Wendy Whoriskey, and Blanche Capel. “Desert Hedgehog/Patched 1 signaling specifies fetal Leydig cell fate in testis organogenesis.” Genes Dev 16, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 1433–40. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.981202.
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  - Brennan, Jennifer, Jeannie Karl, and Blanche Capel. “Divergent vascular mechanisms downstream of Sry establish the arterial system in the XY gonad.” Dev Biol 244, no. 2 (April 15, 2002): 418–28. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2002.0578.
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  - Tilmann, Christopher, and Blanche Capel. “Cellular and molecular pathways regulating mammalian sex determination.” Recent Prog Horm Res 57 (2002): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1210/rp.57.1.1.
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  - Yao, Humphrey Hung-Chang, Christopher Tilmann, Guang-Quan Zhao, and Blanche Capel. “The battle of the sexes: opposing pathways in sex determination.” Novartis Found Symp 244 (2002): 187–98.
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  - Colvin, J. S., R. P. Green, J. Schmahl, B. Capel, and D. M. Ornitz. “Male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 9.” Cell 104, no. 6 (March 23, 2001): 875–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00284-7.
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  - Albrecht, K. H., B. Capel, L. L. Washburn, and E. M. Eicher. “Defective mesonephric cell migration is associated with abnormal testis cord development in C57BL/6J XY(Mus domesticus) mice.” Dev Biol 225, no. 1 (September 1, 2000): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2000.9819.
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  - Capel, B. “The battle of the sexes.” Mechanisms of Development 92, no. 1 (March 2000): 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00327-5.
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  - Schmahl, J., E. M. Eicher, L. L. Washburn, and B. Capel. “Sry induces cell proliferation in the mouse gonad.” Development 127, no. 1 (January 2000): 65–73.
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  - Tilmann, C., and B. Capel. “Mesonephric cell migration induces testis cord formation and Sertoli cell differentiation in the mammalian gonad.” Development 126, no. 13 (July 1999): 2883–90.
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  - Capel, B., K. H. Albrecht, L. L. Washburn, and E. M. Eicher. “Migration of mesonephric cells into the mammalian gonad depends on Sry.” Mechanisms of Development 84, no. 1–2 (June 1999): 127–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00047-7.
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  - Karl, J., and B. Capel. “Sertoli cells of the mouse testis originate from the coelomic epithelium.” Dev Biol 203, no. 2 (November 15, 1998): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9068.
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  - Brennan, J., J. Karl, J. Martineau, K. Nordqvist, J. Schmahl, C. Tilmann, K. Ung, and B. Capel. “Sry and the testis: molecular pathways of organogenesis.” J Exp Zool 281, no. 5 (August 1, 1998): 494–500. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19980801)281:5<494::aid-jez14>3.0.co;2-9.
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  - Capel, B. “Sex in the 90s: SRY and the switch to the male pathway.” Annu Rev Physiol 60 (1998): 497–523. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.497.
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  - Martineau, J., K. Nordqvist, C. Tilmann, R. Lovell-Badge, and B. Capel. “Male-specific cell migration into the developing gonad.” Current Biology : Cb 7, no. 12 (December 1997): 958–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00415-5.
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  - Capel, B., J. R. Hawkins, E. Hirst, D. Kioussis, and R. Lovell-Badge. “Establishment and characterization of conditionally immortalized cells from the mouse urogenital ridge.” J Cell Sci 109 ( Pt 5) (May 1996): 899–909.
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  - Capel, B. “The role of Sry in cellular events underlying mammalian sex determination.” Curr Top Dev Biol 32 (1996): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60423-8.
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  - Karl, J., and B. Capel. “Three-dimensional structure of the developing mouse genital ridge.” Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 350, no. 1333 (November 29, 1995): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0157.
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  - Hacker, A., B. Capel, P. Goodfellow, and R. Lovell-Badge. “Expression of Sry, the mouse sex determining gene.” Development 121, no. 6 (June 1995): 1603–14.
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  - Capel, B. “New bedfellows in the mammalian sex-determination affair.” Trends in Genetics : Tig 11, no. 5 (May 1995): 161–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(00)89031-9.
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  - Conway, S. J., S. K. Mahadevaiah, S. M. Darling, B. Capel, A. M. Rattigan, and P. S. Burgoyne. “Y353/B: a candidate multiple-copy spermiogenesis gene on the mouse Y chromosome.” Mamm Genome 5, no. 4 (April 1994): 203–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00360546.
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  - Capel, B., C. Rasberry, J. Dyson, C. E. Bishop, E. Simpson, N. Vivian, R. Lovell-Badge, S. Rastan, and B. M. Cattanach. “Deletion of Y chromosome sequences located outside the testis determining region can cause XY female sex reversal.” Nature Genetics 5, no. 3 (November 1993): 301–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1193-301.
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  - Capel, B., A. Swain, S. Nicolis, A. Hacker, M. Walter, P. Koopman, P. Goodfellow, and R. Lovell-Badge. “Circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene Sry in adult mouse testis.” Cell 73, no. 5 (June 4, 1993): 1019–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90279-y.
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  - Capel, B., and R. Lovell-Badge. “The sry gene and sex determination in mammals.” Advances in Developmental Biology (1992) 2, no. C (January 1, 1993): 1–35.
  - Koopman, P., A. Münsterberg, B. Capel, N. Vivian, and R. Lovell-Badge. “Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation.” Nature 348, no. 6300 (November 1990): 450–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/348450a0.
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  - Gubbay, J., J. Collignon, P. Koopman, B. Capel, A. Economou, A. Münsterberg, N. Vivian, P. Goodfellow, and R. Lovell-Badge. “A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes.” Nature 346, no. 6281 (July 19, 1990): 245–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/346245a0.
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  - Capel, B., R. G. Hawley, and B. Mintz. “Long- and short-lived murine hematopoietic stem cell clones individually identified with retroviral integration markers.” Blood 75, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 2267–70.
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  - Capel, B., and B. Mintz. “Neonatal W-mutant mice are favorable hosts for tracking development of marked hematopoietic stem cells.” Exp Hematol 17, no. 8 (September 1989): 872–76.
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  - Capel, B., R. Hawley, L. Covarrubias, T. Hawley, and B. Mintz. “Clonal contributions of small numbers of retrovirally marked hematopoietic stem cells engrafted in unirradiated neonatal W/Wv mice.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86, no. 12 (June 1989): 4564–68. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.12.4564.
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  - Falmagne, P., C. Capiau, B. Capel, P. Lambotte, and J. Dirkx. “Complete and N-terminal amino-acid sequences of CNBr-peptides CB5 and CB3 from diphteria toxin fragment B [proceedings].” Arch Int Physiol Biochim 87, no. 4 (October 1979): 812–13.
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- Conference Papers
  - Lin, Yi-Tzu, Lindsey Barske, Tony DeFalco, and Blanche Capel. “Numb regulates somatic cell lineage commitment during early gonadogenesis in mice.” In Development (Cambridge, England), 144:1607–18, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.149203.
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