Scholars@Duke
Blandina Mmbaga

Blandina Mmbaga

Adjunct Associate Professor of Global Health
Duke Global Health Institute

Selected Publications

‘ … You become a prisoner of your life’: A qualitative study exploring the experience of joint pain and accessing care in Hai, Tanzania

Journal Article SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · December 1, 2024 The increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent years has led many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), including Tanzania, to develop policies to manage their burden. Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions, such as arthritis, account ... Full text Cite

Knee-to-chest flexion manoeuvre to reduce respiratory distress after planned caesarean birth: a feasibility study.

Journal Article Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · October 2024 BackgroundPlanned caesarean section (CS) is a risk factor for neonatal respiratory distress caused by a greater volume of airway liquid in the absence of uterine contractions.Performing a newly conceptualised knee-to-chest flexion (KCF) manoeuvre ... Full text Cite

Neurocysticercosis and cognitive impairment among people with epilepsy in Taenia solium endemic regions of rural southern Tanzania: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in mental health clinics of selected sites in Tanzania.

Journal Article Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · October 2024 BackgroundEpilepsy poses a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. The majority of people with epilepsy (PWE) are from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NCC) is estimated to cau ... Full text Cite

Subsequent Pregnancies in the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Trial: High Rate of Adverse Outcomes in Women Living With HIV

Journal Article Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · October 1, 2024 Introduction: Women with HIV (WHIV) have higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in the absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART), and timing of ART may impact risk. Methods: In the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical ... Full text Cite

Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa.

Journal Article Emerg Infect Dis · October 2024 Campylobacteriosis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are global public health concerns. Africa is estimated to have the world's highest incidence of campylobacteriosis and a relatively high prevalence of AMR in Campylobacter spp. from humans and animals. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meaningful engagement of people living with cancer: Leveraging breast cancer survivors in a stigma reduction intervention in Tanzania.

Journal Article World journal of surgery · October 2024 IntroductionCancer-related stigma is a key driver of advanced breast cancer stage in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We developed and tested the impact of a breast cancer survivor-led Stigma reduction intervention (SRI) on stigma and treatment adherence ... Full text Cite

Intersecting social and environmental determinants of multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections in East Africa beyond antibiotic use.

Journal Article Nature communications · October 2024 The global health crisis of antibacterial resistance (ABR) poses a particular threat in low-resource settings like East Africa. Interventions for ABR typically target antibiotic use, overlooking the wider set of factors which drive vulnerability and behavi ... Full text Cite

Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Acute Myocardial Infarction Care in Tanzania: Protocol for a Pilot Implementation Trial.

Journal Article JMIR Res Protoc · September 24, 2024 BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is rising in sub-Saharan Africa, the uptake of evidence-based care for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI is limited throughout the region. In Tanzania, studies have revealed common mi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disclosure of HIV Status to Sexual Partners Among People With HIV in Singida Regional Referral Hospital of Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care · September 2024 HIV status nondisclosure to sexual partners remains a major challenge in Tanzania's health system. This hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study design recruited 380 people living with HIV (PLWH) to assess voluntary HIV status disclosure to sexua ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Salmonella Infection in Children under Five Years: A Hospital-Based Study in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Journal Article Pathogens · September 1, 2024 Salmonella is among the causative agents for diarrhea worldwide, but its risk factors in Tanzanian children are poorly understood. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Moshi, Kilimanjaro region, from July 2020 to November 2022 among chil ... Full text Cite

Effects of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Nutritional Rehabilitation on Growth in Children Aged 6-36 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition in IMPAACT Protocol P1092.

Journal Article Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · August 2024 BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to improve child survival and growth in children living with HIV (CLHIV). We investigated growth outcomes in children with severe nonedematous acute malnutrition (SAM) and without SAM (mild malnutrit ... Full text Cite

A more equitable approach to economic evaluation: Directly developing conceptual capability wellbeing attributes for Tanzania and Malawi.

Journal Article Social science & medicine (1982) · August 2024 Capability wellbeing can potentially provide a holistic outcome for health economic evaluation and the capability approach seems promising for African countries. As yet there is no work that has explored the evaluative space needed for health and care deci ... Full text Cite

Status and future prospects for mobile phone-enabled diagnostics in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS digital health · August 2024 IntroductionDiagnosis is a key step towards the provision of medical intervention and saving lives. However, in low- and middle-income countries, diagnostic services are mainly centralized in large cities and are costly. Point of care (POC) diagno ... Full text Cite

Genomic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC medical genomics · August 2024 BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization increases the risk of subsequent infection by MRSA strain complex interlinking between hospital and community-acquired MRSA which increases the chance of drug resistance and ... Full text Cite

Exploring drivers of self-treatment with antibiotics in three agricultural communities of northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · August 2024 BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Self-treatment with antibiotics, the practice of using antibiotics without professional guidance, is often ... Full text Cite

HIV-related Shame among Women Giving Birth in Tanzania: A Mixed Methods Study.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · July 2024 Women living with HIV (WLHIV) commonly experience HIV-related shame which can interfere with HIV care-seeking behavior and lead to poor clinical outcomes. HIV-related shame may be particularly heightened during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. This st ... Full text Cite

Effects of preterm birth, maternal ART and breastfeeding on 24-month infant HIV-free survival in a randomized trial.

Journal Article AIDS (London, England) · July 2024 BackgroundIMPAACT 1077BF/FF (PROMISE) compared the safety/efficacy of two HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens to zidovudine (ZDV) alone during pregnancy for HIV prevention. PROMISE found an increased risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) with ... Full text Cite

Factors associated with respectful maternity care and influence of HIV status among women giving birth in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · June 2024 BackgroundRespectful maternity care (RMC) is a rights-based approach to childbirth that centers the dignity, autonomy, and well-being of birthing women. This study aimed to examine factors associated with RMC among women giving birth in Tanzania a ... Full text Cite

Outcomes of the MAMA Training: A Simulation and Experiential Learning Intervention for Labor and Delivery Providers to Improve Respectful Maternity Care for Women Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · June 2024 Respectful maternity care (RMC) for women living with HIV (WLHIV) improves birth outcomes and may influence women's long-term commitment to HIV care. In this study, we evaluated the MAMA training, a team-based simulation training for labor and delivery (L& ... Full text Cite

Maternal and infant predictors of proinflammatory milk immune activity in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · June 2024 ObjectivesThe immune system of milk (ISOM) creates a mother-infant immune axis that plays an important role in protecting infants against infectious disease (ID). Tradeoffs in the immune system suggest the potential for both protection and harm, s ... Full text Cite

"Alcohol will never run out": Socio-ecological drivers of adolescent boys' alcohol use in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Journal Article PLOS Global Public Health · June 1, 2024 Heavy alcohol use amongst adolescent boys is a major public health concern in many countries. It is associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes and predicts alcohol-related problems in adulthood. In Kilimanjaro Region, adolescen ... Full text Cite

Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense.

Journal Article The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · May 2024 Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and risk factors for Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsioses, and typhus group rickettsioses in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania, 2016-2017.

Journal Article Trop Med Int Health · May 2024 BACKGROUND: In northern Tanzania, Q fever, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses, and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are common causes of febrile illness. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors for these zoonoses in a pastoralist communit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Who is most vulnerable? Factors associated with presenting to antenatal care without a male partner in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Midwifery · May 2024 ObjectiveMale engagement in pregnancy care can be beneficial for maternal and child health outcomes. In Tanzania, pregnant women are strongly encouraged to present to their first antenatal care (ANC) appointment with a male partner, where they joi ... Full text Cite

Adherence to Treatment and Follow-Up of Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Ethiopia.

Journal Article The oncologist · May 2024 BackgroundIn Ethiopia, both incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are relatively high. Screening services, which were implemented during the past few years, are currently being expanded. The World Health Organization recommends patients with ... Full text Cite

Bedaquiline-pretomanid-moxifloxacin-pyrazinamide for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: a phase 2c, open-label, multicentre, partially randomised controlled trial.

Journal Article The Lancet. Infectious diseases · May 2024 BackgroundThe current tuberculosis (TB) drug development pipeline is being re-populated with candidates, including nitroimidazoles such as pretomanid, that exhibit a potential to shorten TB therapy by exerting a bactericidal effect on non-replicat ... Full text Cite

Efficacy of mobile phone intervention to increase male partner antenatal care attendance for HIV testing in Moshi municipal, Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · April 24, 2024 BACKGROUND: HIV partner counselling and testing in antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial strategy to raise the number of males who know their HIV status. However, in many settings like Tanzania, male involvement in antenatal care remains low, and there is a de ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood and adolescent cancer care in northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article BMC Cancer · April 12, 2024 INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems and presented unique challenges for children requiring cancer care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Emerging infectious diseases · April 2024 We conducted a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania. CCHFV seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock was high, as were spatial heterogeneity levels. CCHFV could represent an unrecognized human he ... Full text Cite

Short reads-based characterization of pathotype diversity and drug resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC medical genomics · April 2024 BackgroundEscherichia coli is known to cause about 2 million deaths annually of which diarrhea infection is leading and typically occurs in children under 5 years old. Although Africa is the most affected region there is little information on thei ... Full text Cite

Understanding male involvement in antenatal care in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: Barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for engagement.

Journal Article Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives · March 2024 BackgroundMale engagement in antenatal care (ANC) has been recommended by the World Health Organization to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes, but implementation challenges remain. This study explored barriers, facilitators, and opportun ... Full text Cite

Genetic and nongenetic drivers of platelet reactivity in healthy Tanzanian individuals.

Journal Article Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · March 2024 BackgroundPlatelets play a key role in hemostasis, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Platelet reactivity is highly variable between individuals. The drivers of this variability in populations from Sub-Saharan Africa remain largely unknown ... Full text Cite

The Mutographs biorepository: A unique genomic resource to study cancer around the world.

Journal Article Cell genomics · March 2024 Large-scale biorepositories and databases are essential to generate equitable, effective, and sustainable advances in cancer prevention, early detection, cancer therapy, cancer care, and surveillance. The Mutographs project has created a large genomic data ... Full text Cite

Antimicrobial resistance and heterogeneity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Lusaka, Zambia.

Journal Article BMC genomics · March 2024 BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a threat to public health as strains have developed resistance to antimicrobials available for the treatment of gonorrhea. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can detect and predict an ... Full text Cite

Complete genome sequence of Brucella abortus isolated from a human blood culture sample in Tanzania.

Journal Article Microbiol Resour Announc · February 15, 2024 Brucella abortus causes infections in humans and livestock. Bacterial isolates are challenging to obtain, and very little is known about the genomic epidemiology of this species in Africa. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a Brucella abortus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Culturally-informed adaptation and psychometric properties of the Cataldo Cancer Stigma Scale in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article J Psychosoc Oncol · 2024 BACKGROUND: Cancer-related stigma impacts patients' emotional health, care engagement, and cancer outcomes, but few measures of cancer stigma exist. We culturally adapted and assessed psychometric properties of the Cataldo Cancer Stigma Scale (CCSS) in Tan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of traumatic brain injury patients with acute epidural and subdural hematoma who underwent burr hole surgery: A two-year study at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania.

Journal Article World neurosurgery: X · January 2024 BackgroundTraumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Africa. Craniotomy is the surgical standard for acute extra-axial hematomas that is not realistic in LMIC due to deficient human and operative resources. Burr hole s ... Full text Cite

Characterising sources of PM2·5 exposure for school children with asthma: a personal exposure study across six cities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · January 2024 BackgroundAir pollution is the second largest risk to health in Africa, and children with asthma are particularly susceptible to its effects. Yet, there is a scarcity of air pollution exposure data from cities in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to id ... Full text Cite

Challenges and opportunities for improving mental health care and preventing suicide among people living with HIV: Perspectives of mental health professionals in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2024 People living with HIV (PLWH) experience unique stressors that contribute to emotional distress, and PLWH are more than twice as likely to die by suicide when compared to the general population. In countries like Tanzania, there is a relatively high burden ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid ethnographic appraisal of community concepts of and responses to joint pain in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article BMJ global health · January 2024 IntroductionMusculoskeletal disorders, experienced as joint pain, are a significant global health problem, but little is known about how joint pain is categorised and understood in Tanzania. Understanding existing conceptualisations of and respons ... Full text Cite

Treatment seeking behaviours, antibiotic use and relationships to multi-drug resistance: A study of urinary tract infection patients in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2024 Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is a major public health threat. An important accelerating factor is treatment-seeking behaviour, including inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) this includes taking ABs with and ... Full text Cite

Economic Burden of Livestock Abortions in Northern Tanzania

Journal Article Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics · January 1, 2024 Livestock abortion is a source of economic loss for farmers, but its economic impact has not been estimated in many Low and Middle-Income Countries. This article presents an estimation methodology and estimates for the gross and net cost of an abortion bas ... Full text Cite

"When a man drinks alcohol it's cool but when a woman drinks she is a hoe": A qualitative exploration of alcohol, gender, stigma, and sexual assault in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2024 Alcohol's ever-increasing global use poses a distinct threat to human well-being, with intake and associated burdens rising especially quickly in low- and middle-income countries like Tanzania. Prior research has shown alcohol use and related consequences ... Full text Link to item Cite

Through the looking glass: empowering youth community advisory boards in Tanzania as a sustainable youth engagement model to inform policy and practice.

Journal Article Front Public Health · 2024 More young people are living in the world than ever before, 90% of whom reside in low and middle income countries (LMICs). To address their needs, it is critical to have sustainable youth engagement when determining policy and to advance effective implemen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimating the prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Journal Article The Pan African medical journal · January 2024 Introductionmusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders account for approximately 20% of all years lived with disability worldwide however studies of MSK disorders in Africa are scarce. This pilot study aimed to estimate the community-based prevalence of MSK ... Full text Cite

Prostate cancer knowledge and barriers to screening among men at risk in northern Tanzania: A community-based study.

Journal Article Cancer treatment and research communications · January 2024 BackgroundAlthough prostate cancer (Pca) screening plays important role in early diagnosis and reduction of mortality, Tanzanian men are relatively unscreened. We aimed to investigate Pca knowledge level and barriers to screening among at-risk men ... Full text Cite

Perinatal loss in Tanzania: Perspectives of maternal-child healthcare providers.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2024 Over 98% of stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, such as Tanzania. Despite the profound burden of perinatal loss in these regions, access to facility or community-based palliative and psychosocial care is poor and unde ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of clinical breast examination and fine needle aspiration cytology in early detection of breast cancer: A cross-sectional study nested in a cohort in a low-resource setting.

Journal Article Women's health (London, England) · January 2024 BackgroundBreast cancer is prevalent worldwide, with disparities in screening, diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and survival. In Africa, the majority of women are diagnosed at advanced stages, affecting treatment outcomes. Screening is one of the be ... Full text Cite

Developing a logic model for communication-based interventions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2024 The importance of communication in enhancing people's awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is consistently recognised in global and national action plans (NAPs). Despite this, there have been relatively few national AMR communicati ... Full text Cite

Experiences of Gender-Based Stigma and Health Care-Related Outcomes in the African Region: A Scoping Review

Journal Article Stigma and Health · January 1, 2024 Gender-based stigma (GBS) occurs across the globe and harms health and well-being, particularly among women. Yet, there remains a need for synthesized literature to better understand the impact of GBS on health care-related outcomes. Addressing this gap, t ... Full text Cite

Development of culturally-appropriate text message booster content to follow a brief intervention focused on reducing alcohol related harms for injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2024 Alcohol use is a risk factor for death and disability and is attributed to almost one-third of injury deaths globally. This highlights the need for interventions aimed at alcohol reduction, especially in areas with high rates of injury with concurrent alco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multimorbidity-associated emergency hospital admissions: a "screen and link" strategy to improve outcomes for high-risk patients in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective multicentre cohort study protocol.

Journal Article NIHR open research · January 2024 BackgroundThe prevalence of multimorbidity (the presence of two or more chronic health conditions) is rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. Hospital care pathways that focus on single presenting complaints do not address this pressing problem. ... Full text Cite

Study protocol for Sauti ya Vijana (The Voice of Youth): A hybrid-type 1 randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness and implementation of a mental health and life skills intervention to improve health outcomes for Tanzanian youth living with HIV.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 OBJECTIVE: Young people living with HIV (YPLWH) experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to all other age groups. Adolescence brings unique challenges related to sexual reproductive health, the elevated importance of peer groups, and often, em ... Full text Link to item Cite

Financial toxicity and acute injury in the Kilimanjaro region: An application of the Three Delays Model.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 BACKGROUND: Trauma and injury present a significant global burden-one that is exacerbated in low- and middle-income settings like Tanzania. Our study aimed to describe the landscape of acute injury care and financial toxicity in the Kilimanjaro region by l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Influence of peer discussions on trust in recommendations for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2024 BACKGROUND: Mothers attending prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV clinics seem to lack knowledge on many aspects of PMTCT, among which is breastfeeding. Breastfeeding recommendations in PMTCT have changed several times over the years ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antibiotic prescription, dispensing and use in humans and livestock in East Africa: does morality have a role to play?

Journal Article Monash Bioethics Review · January 1, 2024 Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human and livestock health. Although AMR is driven by use of antimicrobials, it is often attributed to “misuse” and “overuse”, particularly for antibiotics. To curb resistance, there has been ... Full text Cite

Sex differences in alcohol use patterns and related harms: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study of men and women in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2024 In northern Tanzania, alcohol use disorders (AUD) are under-diagnosed and under-treated, and current services are mostly limited to men in clinical settings despite significant alcohol-related harm in the community. The study objective was to identify sex ... Full text Cite

Prostate Cancer: Burden and Correlation with Prostate Specific Antigen Among Screened African Men in Tanzania.

Journal Article Research and reports in urology · January 2024 BackgroundSerum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used maker for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. However, its correlation with PCa varies, partly due to ethnic differences. This study investigated the correlation between PSA and PCa dia ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · December 2023 BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is suspected to be a major cause of illness in rural Tanzania associated with close contact with livestock. We sought to determine leptospirosis prevalence, identify infecting Leptospira serogroups, and investigate risk factors fo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevalence of Skeletal Fluorosis in Northern Tanzania: A Follow-Up Study.

Journal Article Global health, science and practice · December 2023 ObjectivesSkeletal fluorosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by excessive exposure to fluoride, predominantly through contamination of drinking water. This study aimed to identify all cases of skeletal fluorosis in Tindigani village situated in ... Full text Cite

Who Will Suffer Most if US AIDS Funding Ends.

Journal Article J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc · November 30, 2023 The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is among the most successful US global health programs. It has moved HIV/AIDS from a certain death to a treatable disease. PEPFAR is now in danger of not being renewed. This perspective seeks to highl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Six month incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events among adults with HIV in northern Tanzania: a prospective observational study.

Journal Article BMJ Open · November 19, 2023 OBJECTIVES: We aimed to prospectively describe incident cardiovascular events among people living with HIV (PLWH) in northern Tanzania. Secondary aims of this study were to understand non-communicable disease care-seeking behaviour and patient preferences ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality associated with third-generation cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections at eight sub-Saharan African hospitals (MBIRA): a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article The Lancet. Infectious diseases · November 2023 BackgroundBacteria of the order Enterobacterales are common pathogens causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa and are frequently resistant to third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Although third-generation cephalosporin resistan ... Full text Cite

Effect of seven anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens on sputum microbiome: a retrospective analysis of the HIGHRIF study 2 and PanACEA MAMS-TB clinical trials

Journal Article The Lancet Microbe · November 1, 2023 Background: Respiratory tract microbiota has been described as the gatekeeper for respiratory health. We aimed to assess the impact of standard-of-care and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens on the respiratory microbiome and implications for ... Full text Cite

Latent tuberculosis in children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross section survey.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · October 2023 BackgroundData for latent tuberculosis in patients with type 1 Diabetes in Africa is limited. We assessed the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in youth and children with type 1 Diabetes in Dar es Salaam -Tanzania.MethodsOur cross-section ... Full text Cite

Point-of-care glycated hemoglobin a1c testing for the identification of hyperglycemia severity among individuals with dual tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of mycobacteriology · October 2023 BackgroundPoor glycemic control during tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging, as the optimum treatment strategy remains unclear. We assessed hyperglycemia severity using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test and predictors of severe hyperglycemia ... Full text Cite

"I am not alone with tears": embodying stigma and longing among youth living with perinatally acquired HIV in Tanzania through a collaborative arts-based approach.

Journal Article Med Humanit · September 2023 It is estimated that 4 million youth aged 15-24 years live with HIV globally, 85% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. For youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV), stigma is frequently linked with negative health outcomes. YPHIV face distinct HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

A qualitative assessment of stakeholder perspectives on barriers and facilitators to emergency care delays in Northern Tanzania through the Three Delays.

Journal Article Afr J Emerg Med · September 2023 INTRODUCTION: Emergency conditions cause a significant burden of death and disability, particularly in developing countries. Prehospital and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are largely nonexistent throughout Tanzania and little is known about the communit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Why Am I Ill? Beliefs in Supernatural and Natural Causes of Ill Health at the Time of Diagnostic Workup of Patients With Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania.

Journal Article JCO global oncology · September 2023 PurposeAn understanding of the cultural and context-specific perceptions of the causes of cancer is an important prerequisite for designing effective primary health prevention and early detection strategies. We aimed to use the Murdock Ill Health ... Full text Cite

Brief Report: Task-Shifting "Gold Standard" Clinical Assessment and Safety Planning for Suicide Risk Among People Living With HIV: A Feasibility and Fidelity Evaluation in Tanzania.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · August 15, 2023 BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide, with suicide deaths occurring twice as frequently among PLWH than among the general public. In Tanzania, resources for mental health care are sorely lacking, wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rifampin urinary excretion to predict serum targets in children with tuberculosis: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Journal Article Archives of disease in childhood · August 2023 ObjectivePharmacokinetic variability drives tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes but measurement of serum drug concentrations for personalised dosing is inaccessible for children in TB-endemic settings. We compared rifampin urine excretion for pre ... Full text Cite

Does the immune system of milk increase activity for infants experiencing infectious disease episodes in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania?

Journal Article American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · August 2023 IntroductionMultiple studies have reported that milk immune content increases for infants experiencing infectious disease (ID) episodes, suggesting that the immune system of milk (ISOM) offers enhanced protection when needed to combat ID.Metho ... Full text Cite

Antibacterial Utilization for Febrile Illnesses and Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · August 2023 BACKGROUND: We describe antibacterial use in light of microbiology data and treatment guidelines for common febrile syndromes in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS: We compared data from 2 hospital-based prospective cohort studies, cohort 1 (2011-2014) and cohort 2 ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Differences in the inflammatory proteome of East African and Western European adults and associations with environmental and dietary factors.

Journal Article eLife · August 2023 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in urbanizing populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Assessment of inflammatory and metabolic characteristics of a urbanizing African population and the comparison with populations outside Africa could provid ... Full text Cite

Implementing Innovative Approaches to Improve Health Care Delivery Systems for Integrating Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Using Tuberculosis and Diabetes as a Model in Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of environmental research and public health · August 2023 Background: Many evidence-based health interventions, particularly in low-income settings, have failed to deliver the expected impact. We designed an Adaptive Diseases Control Expert Programme in Tanzania (ADEPT) to address systemic challenges in he ... Full text Cite

Patient perspectives on the helpfulness of a community health worker program for HIV care engagement in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Care · July 2023 Task-shifting is a valuable approach for redistributing clinical tasks to nonprofessional health workers and relieving human resource shortages. The Community-Based HIV Services (CBHS) program is a national cohort of volunteer community health workers (CHW ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nanopore sequencing technology for clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases where laboratory capacity is meager: A case report.

Journal Article Heliyon · July 2023 In resource-limited settings, patients are often first presented to clinical settings when seriously ill and access to proper clinical microbial diagnostics is often very limited or non-existing. On February 16th, 2022 we were on a field trip to ... Full text Cite

Measurement of and training for NCD guideline implementation in LMICs: a scoping review protocol.

Journal Article BMJ open · July 2023 IntroductionGlobally, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with an estimated 41 million deaths (74% of all global deaths) annually. Despite the WHO's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control o ... Full text Cite

Trends of frequency, mortality and risk factors among patients admitted with stroke from 2017 to 2019 to the medical ward at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre hospital: a retrospective observational study.

Journal Article BMJ open · July 2023 ObjectiveThe burden of stroke has increased in recent years worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. In this study we aim to determine the number of stroke admissions, and associated comorbidities, at a referral hospital ... Full text Cite

Unravelling patient pathways in the context of antibacterial resistance in East Africa.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · June 19, 2023 BACKGROUND: A key factor driving the development and maintenance of antibacterial resistance (ABR) is individuals' use of antibiotics (ABs) to treat illness. To better understand motivations and context for antibiotic use we use the concept of a patient tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania: A Retrospective Study.

Journal Article JCO Glob Oncol · June 2023 PURPOSE: Over 400,000 children are diagnosed with cancer around the world each year, with over 80% of these children residing in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to summarize the epidemiology and care patterns of newly diagnosed childhood ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy up to 50 weeks post partum: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Journal Article The lancet. HIV · June 2023 BackgroundDrugs taken during pregnancy can affect maternal and child health outcomes, but few studies have compared the safety and virological efficacy of different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. We report the primary safety outcomes from ... Full text Cite

Knowledge and misconceptions about epilepsy among people with epilepsy and their caregivers attending mental health clinics: A qualitative study in Taenia solium endemic pig-keeping communities in Tanzania.

Journal Article Epilepsia open · June 2023 ObjectiveTaenia solium (T. solium) neurocysticercosis (NCC) affects the central nervous system and is associated with 30% of acquired epilepsy in some endemic areas. Epilepsy is a stigmatizing disease in many societies and people with epilepsy (PW ... Full text Cite

The contribution of smoking and smokeless tobacco to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in the African oesophageal cancer corridor: Results from the ESCCAPE multicentre case-control studies.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · June 2023 Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) but the extent of its contribution to the disease burden in the African oesophageal cancer corridor has not been comprehensively elucidated, including by type of t ... Full text Cite

Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC Endocr Disord · April 21, 2023 BACKGROUND: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of bett ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of the Pediatric Resuscitation and Trauma Outcome (PRESTO) model in injury patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMJ Open · April 5, 2023 INTRODUCTION: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of unintentional paediatric injury deaths. The Pediatric Resuscitation and Trauma Outcome (PRESTO) model predicts mortality using patient variables available in low-resource settings: age, systolic bloo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of pregnancy versus postpartum maternal isoniazid preventive therapy on infant growth in HIV-exposed uninfected infants: a post-hoc analysis of the TB APPRISE trial.

Journal Article EClinicalMedicine · April 2023 BackgroundIsoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) initiation during pregnancy was associated with increased incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the TB APPRISE trial. Effects of in utero IPT exposure on infant growth are unknown.Method ... Full text Cite

Enteric Pathogens Detected in Children under Five Years Old Admitted with Diarrhea in Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · April 2023 Despite the availability and wide coverage of rotavirus vaccinations in Tanzania, there is still a significant number of diarrhea cases being reported, with some patients requiring hospital admission. We investigated diarrhea-causing pathogens and determin ... Full text Cite

Treatment seeking behaviours, antibiotic use and relationships to multi-drug resistance: A study of urinary tract infection patients in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

Journal Article medRxiv · March 20, 2023 Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is a major public health threat. An important accelerating factor is treatment-seeking behaviours, including inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) this includes taking ABs with an ... Full text Link to item Cite

A simulation and experiential learning intervention for labor and delivery providers to address HIV stigma during childbirth in Tanzania: study protocol for the evaluation of the MAMA intervention.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · March 2023 BackgroundThe experience of HIV stigma during intrapartum care can impact women's trust in the health care system and undermine their long-term commitment to HIV care engagement. Delivery of respectful maternity care (RMC) to women living with HIV ... Full text Cite

Implementation of evidence-based multiple focus integrated intensified TB screening to end TB (EXIT-TB) package in East Africa: a qualitative study.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · March 2023 IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We qualitatively evaluated the implementation of an Evidence-Based Multiple Focus Integrated Intensified TB Screening package (EXIT-T ... Full text Cite

Emergency unit capacity in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey.

Journal Article BMJ Open · February 22, 2023 INTRODUCTION: Emergency medicine (EM) is a growing field in Sub-Saharan Africa. Characterising the current capacity of hospitals to provide emergency care is important in identifying gaps and future directions of growth. This study aimed to characterise th ... Full text Link to item Cite

'One Health´ approach to end zoonotic TB.

Journal Article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · February 1, 2023 Mycobacterium bovis has a wide host range causing TB in animals, both in wildlife and cattle (bovine TB bTB), and in humans (zoonotic TB zTB). The real burden of bovine and zoonotic TB (b/zTB) remains unknown due to diagnostic challenges. Although progress ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Clinical Outcomes for Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal Article Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · February 2023 BackgroundRifampin-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment requires multiple drugs, and outcomes remain suboptimal. Some drugs are associated with improved outcome. It is unknown whether particular pharmacokinetic-p ... Full text Cite

Molecular Characterizations of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Tanzania: A Laboratory-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article Pathogens · January 24, 2023 BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence on the potential involvement of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to delineate virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance genes, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Failure to Attain HIV Viral Suppression After Intensified Adherence Counselling-What Can We Learn About Its Factors?

Journal Article Infect Drug Resist · 2023 BACKGROUND: Introduction and expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have turned the tide of HIV pandemic, thus helping people living with HIV (PLHIV) achieve viral suppression. This success may need to be complemented by intensified adherence counseling ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of multidimensional poverty in antibiotic misuse: a mixed-methods study of self-medication and non-adherence in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Journal Article Lancet Glob Health · January 2023 BACKGROUND: Poverty is a proposed driver of antimicrobial resistance, influencing inappropriate antibiotic use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, at subnational levels, studies investigating multidimensional poverty and antibiotic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantifying farmers' preferences for antimicrobial use for livestock diseases in northern Tanzania

Journal Article Q Open · January 1, 2023 Understanding the choice behaviours of farmers around the treatment of their livestock is critical to counteracting the risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Using varying disease scenarios, we measure the differences in livestock species' tre ... Full text Cite

Roadblocks and resilience: A qualitative study of the impact of pediatric tuberculosis on Tanzanian households and solutions from caregivers.

Journal Article Global public health · January 2023 Distinct from quantifying the economic sequelae of tuberculosis (TB) in adults, data are scarce regarding lived experiences of youth and their caregivers seeking and sustaining TB treatment in low income communities. Children ages 4-17 diagnosed with TB an ... Full text Cite

Correlation of C-Peptide With Complications Observed in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Journal Article Global pediatric health · January 2023 Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications corelate with C-peptide levels. However, the C-Peptide role has not been explored in resource limited countries. This study explored the relationship between C-peptide and complications. A cross-sectional study ... Full text Cite

"If You Do Not Take the Medicine and Complete the Dose…It Could Cause You More Trouble": Bringing Awareness, Local Knowledge and Experience into Antimicrobial Stewardship in Tanzania.

Journal Article Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · January 2023 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are highly prevalent in clinical and community settings, inhibiting effective treatment ... Full text Cite

Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of a telehealth-delivered counseling intervention to reduce suicidality and improve HIV care engagement in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 OBJECTIVE: Suicidal ideation is strikingly common among people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide, leading to higher burden of disease, poor HIV care engagement, and loss of life. In low- and middle-income countries such as Tanzania, mental health resources ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time trends in perinatal outcomes among HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2023 IntroductionMaternal HIV infection is associated with increased risk of having a preterm delivery, low birth weight baby, small for gestational age baby and stillbirth. Maternal use of combination antiretroviral treatment is also associated with p ... Full text Cite

Feasibility of a pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial to evaluate a brief negotiational interview for harmful and hazardous alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Low-resourced settings often lack personnel and infrastructure for alcohol use disorder treatment. We culturally adapted a Brief Negotiational Interview (BNI) for Emergency Department injury patients, the "Punguza Pombe Kwa Afya Yako (PPKAY)" ... Full text Link to item Cite

Six-month incidence of hypertension and diabetes among adults with HIV in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2023 Data describing the incidence of hypertension and diabetes among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa remain sparse. In this study, adults with HIV were enrolled from a public clinic in Moshi, Tanzania (September 2020-March 2021). At enrollment, a survey ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative analysis of clinical breakpoints, normalized resistance interpretation and epidemiological cut-offs in interpreting antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates originating from poultry in different farm types in Tanzania.

Journal Article Access microbiology · January 2023 IntroductionExisting breakpoint guidelines are not optimal for interpreting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from animal studies and low-income countries, and therefore their utility for analysing such data is limited. There is a need to integr ... Full text Cite

Funding and financial sustainability of pharmacovigilance: suggested models for funding pharmacovigilance in resource-limited African countries.

Journal Article Therapeutic advances in drug safety · January 2023 BackgroundAn important factor hindering the growth of pharmacovigilance (PV) in resource-limited settings is the lack of adequate funds to establish a functional National Pharmacovigilance System. Consequently, the crucial function of monitoring a ... Full text Cite

Machine learning models to predict traumatic brain injury outcomes in Tanzania: Using delays to emergency care as predictors.

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2023 Constraints to emergency department resources may prevent the timely provision of care following a patient's arrival to the hospital. In-hospital delays may adversely affect health outcomes, particularly among trauma patients who require prompt management. ... Full text Cite

Longitudinal ECG changes among adults with HIV in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2023 The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite the utility of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in screening for CVD, there is limited data regarding longitudinal ECG changes among PWH in ... Full text Link to item Cite

A mixed-methods comparison of gender differences in alcohol consumption and drinking characteristics among patients in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2023 Excessive alcohol use stands as a serious threat to individual and community well-being, having been linked to a wide array of physical, social, mental, and economic harms. Alcohol consumption differs by gender, a trend seen both globally and in Moshi, Tan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical evaluation of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Alcohol screening using a validated tool is a useful way to capture high-risk patients and engage them in early harm reduction interventions. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use among emergency medicine department patients in Tanzania: A comparative analysis of injury versus non-injury patients.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2023 BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a leading behavioral risk factor for death and disability worldwide. Tanzania has few trained personnel and resources for treating unhealthy alcohol use. In Emergency Medicine Departments (EMDs), alcohol is a well-known risk factor f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a culturally sensitive, Swahili-translated instrument to assess suicide risk among adults living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article Glob Ment Health (Camb) · 2023 In Tanzania, there are high rates of suicidal thoughts and behavior among people living with HIV (PLWH), yet few instruments exist for effective screening and referral. To address this gap, we developed and validated Swahili translations of the Columbia Su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Rural Community, Handeni District in Tanga, Tanzania.

Journal Article Journal of tropical medicine · January 2023 Dengue virus is among the most important re-emerging arbovirus that causes global public health attention. Dengue has historically been thought of as an urban disease that frequently occurs in rapidly urbanized settings. However, dengue has become more wid ... Full text Cite

Family caregiver perspectives on strengths and challenges in the care of pediatric injury patients at a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2023 BACKGROUND: Pediatric injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is important that injured children get quality care in order to improve their outcomes. Injured children are nearly always accompa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

High diversity of Salmonella spp. from children with diarrhea, food, and environmental sources in Kilimanjaro - Tanzania: one health approach.

Journal Article Frontiers in microbiology · January 2023 Salmonella is one of the most frequent causes of diarrhea globally. This study used a One Health approach to identify Salmonella species in children admitted with diarrhea and tested samples from the cases' household environment to investigat ... Full text Cite

The high burden of erectile dysfunction among men living with HIV in northern Tanzania: a call for evidence-based interventions

Journal Article Frontiers in Urology · January 1, 2023 Background: The extent of the burden of erectile dysfunction and its associated factors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with ED and its prevalence among MLHIV in northern Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based, ... Full text Cite

Healthcare provider perspective on barriers and facilitators in the care of pediatric injury patients at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania: A qualitative study.

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2023 Pediatric injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The recovery of injured children in LMICs is often impeded by barriers in accessing and receiving timely and quality care at healthcare facilitie ... Full text Cite

The impacts of COVID-19 and its policy response on access and utilization of maternal and child health services in Tanzania: A mixed methods study.

Journal Article PLOS global public health · January 2023 The SARS-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) has had a global social and economic impact. Despite the growing evidence, its effects on access and delivery of maternal and child health services in low-income countries are still unclear. This cross-sectional case study w ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and predictors of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among adults with HIV in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Glob Public Health · December 2022 HIV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but there has been less study of cardiovascular comorbidities among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional observational study, Tanzanian adults presenting for outpatient ... Full text Link to item Cite

Injury characteristics and their association with clinical complications among emergency care patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article Afr J Emerg Med · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Over 5 million people annually die from injuries and millions more sustain non-fatal injuries requiring medical care. Ninety percent of injury deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study describes the characteristics, p ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

NOHA: A Promising Biomarker for Determining Estrogen Receptor Status Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Resource-Constrained Settings.

Journal Article JCO global oncology · December 2022 PurposeChallenges to breast cancer control in low-and middle-income countries exist because of constrained access to care, including pathology services. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based estrogen receptor (ER) analysis is limited-nonexistent becaus ... Full text Cite

Experiences and perceptions of participants on the pathway towards clinical management of dual tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in Tanzania.

Journal Article Global health action · December 2022 BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity among people with tuberculosis (TB). Despite the availability of guidelines on how to integrate dual TB/DM in Tanzania, the practice of integration at various healthcare levels is unclear. Full text Cite

Survival of children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Tanzania.

Journal Article Pediatric diabetes · December 2022 IntroductionSurvival from type 1 diabetes Mellitus is low in lower-income countries with underdeveloped health systems. Support programs from partners like life for a child (LFAC) and changing diabetes in children (CDiC) were implemented in Tanzan ... Full text Cite

An international report on bacterial communities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · December 2022 The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is disproportionately high in the eastern corridor of Africa and parts of Asia. Emerging research has identified a potential association between poor oral health and ESCC. One possible link between ... Full text Cite

An outbreak of Rift Valley fever among peri-urban dairy cattle in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg · November 1, 2022 BACKGROUND: Human and animal cases of Rift Valley fever (RVF) are typically only reported during large outbreaks. The occurrence of RVF cases that go undetected by national surveillance systems in the period between these outbreaks is considered likely. Th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing practices for symptoms of urinary tract infection in community pharmacies and accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania: a simulated clients approach.

Journal Article BMC primary care · November 2022 BackgroundAntibiotic dispensing without prescription is a major determinant of the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) which has impact on population health and cost of healthcare delivery. This study used simulated clients describing UTI ... Full text Cite

Predicting viral load suppression by self-reported adherence, pharmacy refill counts and real time medication monitoring among people living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS research and therapy · November 2022 IntroductionMonitoring of adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is of utmost importance to prevent treatment failure. Several measures to monitor adherence have been applied in low-resource settings and they all have pros and cons. Our objec ... Full text Cite

What the World Happiness Report doesn’t see: The sociocultural contours of wellbeing in northern Tanzania

Journal Article International Journal of Wellbeing · October 31, 2022 This paper presents a mixed methods approach to understanding wellbeing in the Kilimanjaro region of northern Tanzania—a country consistently ranked by the World Happiness Report as one of the least happy in the world. A primary objective is to demonstrate ... Full text Cite

Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus infection incidence and risks for zoonotic spillover in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · October 2022 Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that has caused epidemics involving people and animals across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. A number of studies have found evidence for the circulation of RVFV among livestock between these ep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cystic echinococcosis in northern Tanzania: a pilot study in Maasai livestock-keeping communities.

Journal Article Parasites & vectors · October 2022 BackgroundThere are close similarities between the life-cycles of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) that causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and Taenia multiceps/Coenurus cerebralis that causes cerebral coenurosis in ... Full text Cite

Use of mHealth tools to register birth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Journal Article BMJ open · October 2022 ObjectiveAccurate reporting of birth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is essential. Mobile health (mHealth) tools have been proposed as a replacement for conventional paper-based registers. mHealth could provide timely da ... Full text Cite

A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania: findings from the ESCCAPE case-control studies.

Journal Article British journal of cancer · October 2022 BackgroundConsumption of very-hot beverages/food is a probable carcinogen. In East Africa, we investigated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk in relation to four thermal exposure metrics separately and in a combined score.Methods Full text Cite

A cohort of pediatric injury patients from a hospital-based trauma registry in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Afr J Emerg Med · September 2022 INTRODUCTION: Pediatric injuries in low- and middle-income countries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Implementing hospital-based trauma registries can reduce the knowledge gap in both hospital care and patient outcomes and lead to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utility of Family Reports in Predicting Emergency Department Patient Alcohol Use in Tanzania.

Journal Article J Stud Alcohol Drugs · September 2022 OBJECTIVE: Myriad reasons, including stigma, may prevent patients from self-reporting harmful use of alcohol in Tanzania. Family members may be more forthright but might not know the extent of the patient's alcohol use or suffer alcohol-related stigma as w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crossover-Use of Human Antibiotics in Livestock in Agricultural Communities: A Qualitative Cross-Country Comparison between Uganda, Tanzania and India.

Journal Article Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · September 2022 Antibiotic use in animal agriculture contributes significantly to antibiotic use globally and is a key driver of the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. It is becoming increasingly important to better understand antibiotic use in livestock in low-and-m ... Full text Cite

Impact of early diagnosis of impaired glucose regulation in tuberculosis: Comparison of clinical outcomes in people with tuberculosis in Tanzania.

Journal Article Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · September 2022 ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been known to compromise tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. Association data are limited for early hyperglycaemia detection and TB treatment outcomes. Thus, we assessed treatment outcomes including time to sp ... Full text Cite

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the SF-8 Questionnaire in Tanzanian Swahili for Injury Population

Journal Article Disabilities · September 1, 2022 Background: There is a lack of tools to screen for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in acute injury patients, despite the critical need for having a good understanding of the characteristics of mental health during the rehabilitation process. The SF- ... Full text Cite

Performance of Xpert Ultra nasopharyngeal swab for identification of tuberculosis deaths in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Clin Microbiol Infect · August 2022 OBJECTIVE: Numerous tuberculosis (TB) deaths remain undetected in low-resource endemic settings. With autopsy-confirmed tuberculosis as our standard, we assessed the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra; Cepheid) on nasopharyngeal specimens ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A community health worker delivered intervention to address hypertension among adults engaged in HIV care in northern Tanzania: Outcomes from a pilot feasibility study.

Journal Article J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · August 2022 Current care models are inadequate to address the dual epidemic of hypertension and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We developed a community health worker (CHW)-delivered educational intervention, integrated into existing HIV care to address hypertension in per ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness symptoms in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers: a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article Journal of travel medicine · August 2022 BackgroundEach year several Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers die due to altitude illness (AI) although urgent descent is technically easily possible. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness (SAI ... Full text Cite

Prospective cohort study reveals unexpected aetiologies of livestock abortion in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Sci Rep · July 8, 2022 Livestock abortion is an important cause of productivity losses worldwide and many infectious causes of abortion are zoonotic pathogens that impact on human health. Little is known about the relative importance of infectious causes of livestock abortion in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007-2018.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · July 2022 Growing evidence suggests considerable variation in endemic typhoid fever incidence at some locations over time, yet few settings have multi-year incidence estimates to inform typhoid control measures. We sought to describe a decade of typhoid fever incide ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevalence and predictors of depression among women attending antenatal care in Moshi, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · July 2022 IntroductionAntenatal depression in low-and middle-income countries is under-diagnosed and leads to poorer outcomes in the pregnancy and postpartum periods. The aim of this study was to quantify depressive symptoms among pregnant women in Moshi, T ... Full text Cite

The Quest for a Child-Friendly Tuberculosis Triage Test.

Journal Article Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · July 2022 Full text Cite

Sauti ya Vijana (SYV; The Voice of Youth): Longitudinal Outcomes of an Individually Randomized Group Treatment Pilot Trial for Young People Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · June 2022 Sauti ya Vijana is a mental health and life skills intervention delivered by young adult group leaders for the improvement of HIV outcomes in young people living with HIV in Tanzania. This pilot randomized controlled trial estimated exploratory interventio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of ICU admission and patient outcome for traumatic brain injury in a Tanzanian referral hospital: Implications for improving treatment guidelines.

Journal Article Injury · June 2022 Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a critical global health challenge, with disproportionate negative impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). People who suffer severe TBI in LMICs are twice as likely to die than those in high-income countries, ... Full text Link to item Cite

"I Don't Do Anything; I'm Just Being Taken Care Of": Experiences of Patients and Their Caregivers Transitioning Back into the Community Following Traumatic Injury in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trauma Care (Basel) · June 2022 After discharge from the hospital for traumatic injury, patients and their caregivers face a period of increased vulnerability. This adjustment phase is poorly characterized, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We explored the experiences of pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Practicalities of implementing burden of disease research in Africa: lessons from a population survey component of our multi-partner FOCAL research project.

Journal Article Emerging themes in epidemiology · June 2022 BackgroundCollaborative research is being increasingly implemented in Africa to study health-related issues, for example, the lack of evidence on disease burden, in particular for the presumptive high load of foodborne diseases. The FOCAL (Foodbor ... Full text Cite

Participatory mapping identifies risk areas and environmental predictors of endemic anthrax in rural Africa.

Journal Article Scientific reports · June 2022 Disease mapping reveals geographical variability in incidence, which can help to prioritise control efforts. However, in areas where this is most needed, resources to generate the required data are often lacking. Participatory mapping, which makes use of i ... Full text Cite

Where can Tanzania health system integrate clinical management of patients with dual tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus? A cross-sectional survey at varying levels of health facilities.

Journal Article Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · June 2022 ObjectiveTo assess the current Tanzania health facilities readiness in integrating clinical management of dual Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by using the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) manual of the World Healt ... Full text Cite

Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of dolutegravir dispersible tablets in infants and children with HIV-1 (IMPAACT P1093): results of an open-label, phase 1-2 trial.

Journal Article The lancet. HIV · May 2022 BackgroundSafe and potent antiretroviral medications in child-friendly formulations are needed to treat young children living with HIV-1. We aimed to select dosing for a dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir that achieved pharmacokinetic ... Full text Cite

Target-enrichment sequencing yields valuable genomic data for challenging-to-culture bacteria of public health importance.

Journal Article Microbial genomics · May 2022 Genomic data contribute invaluable information to the epidemiological investigation of pathogens of public health importance. However, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of bacteria typically relies on culture, which represents a major hurdle for generating suc ... Full text Cite

Expanding oesophageal cancer research and care in eastern Africa.

Journal Article Nature reviews. Cancer · May 2022 Full text Cite

Differences in thrombin and plasmin generation potential between East African and Western European adults: The role of genetic and non-genetic factors.

Journal Article Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · May 2022 BackgroundGeographic variability in coagulation across populations and their determinants are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo compare thrombin (TG) and plasmin (PG) generation parameters between healthy Tanzanian and Dutch individuals, and ... Full text Cite

Spread of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in the Beef Supply Chain in Northern Tanzania: Sensitivity in a Probabilistic Model Integrating Microbiological Data and Data from Stakeholder Interviews.

Journal Article Risk Anal · May 2022 East Africa is a hotspot for foodborne diseases, including infection by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), a zoonotic pathogen that may originate from livestock. Urbanization and increased demand for animal protein drive intensification of livestock production ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of Self-repackaging of Antiretroviral Therapy in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Health Behav · April 20, 2022 Objectives: In this study, we explored determinants of "researcher-observed" patient-initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) repackaging practices among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Northern Tanzania. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design to des ... Full text Link to item Cite

Whole genome sequencing-based drug resistance predictions of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tanzania.

Journal Article JAC-antimicrobial resistance · April 2022 BackgroundRifampicin- or multidrug-resistant (RR/MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains account for considerable morbidity and mortality globally. WGS-based prediction of drug resistance may guide clinical decisions, especia ... Full text Cite

High Fecal Carriage of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Community among Children in Northwestern Tanzania.

Journal Article Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · March 2022 Colonization of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is associated with subsequent invasive infections in children with comorbidities. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile and factors associated with MDR pathogen colonization among HIV-and HI ... Full text Cite

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Medication Possession Ratio and Virological Suppression among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Journal Article Tropical medicine and infectious disease · March 2022 Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a strong determinant of virological suppression. We aimed to determine the magnitude of adherence as measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) and virological suppression with its predictors amon ... Full text Cite

Perineal ectopic testis in adult: Experience from tertiary hospital, northern Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of surgery case reports · March 2022 Introduction and importancePerineal ectopic testis is a rare congenital abnormality mostly diagnosed during childhood period. The diagnosis can be easily reached by physical examination. The treatment of choice is either orchidopexy or orchiectomy ... Full text Cite

Clinical-demographic markers for improving diabetes mellitus diagnosis in people with tuberculosis in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · March 2022 BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) control is threatened by an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in endemic countries. Screening for DM is not routinely implemented in Tanzania; therefore, we aimed to screen for DM at TB diagn ... Full text Cite

A functional genomics approach in Tanzanian population identifies distinct genetic regulators of cytokine production compared to European population.

Journal Article American journal of human genetics · March 2022 Humans exhibit remarkable interindividual and interpopulation immune response variability upon microbial challenges. Cytokines play a vital role in regulating inflammation and immune responses, but dysregulation of cytokine responses has been implicated in ... Full text Cite

A group-based mental health intervention for Tanzanian youth living with HIV: Secondary analysis of a pilot trial.

Journal Article Medicine (Baltimore) · February 18, 2022 BACKGROUND: Youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (YLWH) are vulnerable to incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the context of stigma, decreased hope for future, and mental health challenges. Despite these challenges, few mental healt ... Full text Link to item Cite

PRACT: a pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial protocol to investigate a culturally adapted brief negotiational intervention for alcohol use in the emergency department in Tanzania.

Journal Article Trials · February 5, 2022 BACKGROUND: Alcohol use in resource-limited settings results in significant morbidity and mortality. These settings lack the necessary specialty-trained personnel and infrastructure. Therefore, implementing evidence-based interventions from high-income set ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent mental health research in Tanzania: a study protocol for a priority setting exercise and the development of an interinstitutional capacity strengthening programme.

Journal Article BMJ Open · February 2, 2022 INTRODUCTION: Poor adolescent mental health is a barrier to achieving several sustainable development goals in Tanzania, where adolescent mental health infrastructure is weak. This is compounded by a lack of community and policy maker awareness or understa ... Full text Link to item Cite

The spectrum and burden of in-patient paediatric musculoskeletal diseases in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Paediatrics and international child health · February 2022 BackgroundMusculoskeletal diseases (MSD) are a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability, and disproportionally affect low- and middle-income countries; however, there is a dearth of epidemiological data. Affected children o ... Full text Cite

Population genomics of Bacillus anthracis from an anthrax hyperendemic area reveals transmission processes across spatial scales and unexpected within-host diversity.

Journal Article Microbial genomics · February 2022 Genomic sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of bacterial disease epidemiology, but remains underutilized for zoonotic pathogens in remote endemic settings. Anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, remains a thre ... Full text Cite

How public health crises expose systemic, day-to-day health inequalities in low- and-middle income countries: an example from East Africa.

Journal Article Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · February 2022 BackgroundThe current Coronavirus disease pandemic reveals political and structural inequities of the world's poorest people who have little or no access to health care and yet the largest burdens of poor health. This is in parallel to a more pers ... Full text Cite

Alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell cancer risk in east Africa: findings from the large multicentre ESCCAPE case-control study in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi.

Journal Article The Lancet. Global health · February 2022 BackgroundThe contribution of alcohol to the large burden of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in east Africa remains uncertain and difficult to assess owing to complex consumption patterns of traditional and commercial drinks. We aimed t ... Full text Cite

Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury and International Mission for Prognosis and Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury Models Compared with a Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model from Tanzania.

Journal Article J Neurotrauma · January 2022 Hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could benefit from decision support technologies to reduce time to triage, diagnosis, and surgery for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Inju ... Full text Link to item Cite

Opportunities for Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship: Findings From a Prospective, Multi-Center Study in Three Low- or Middle-Income Countries.

Journal Article Front Public Health · 2022 BACKGROUND: To develop effective antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is important to identify key targets for improving antimicrobial use. We sought to systematically describe the prevalence and patter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adherence to Optimal Breastfeeding Practices Among HIV-Positive Mothers in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2022 PURPOSE: We sought to assess how HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program adhere to breastfeeding recommendations concerning early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), ie, within one hour of birth, pre-lacteal feeds, exclusive breastfeeding until ... Full text Link to item Cite

Joint Research Mentoring Through the Community of Young Research Peers: A Case for a Unifying Model for Research Mentorship at Higher Learning Institutions.

Journal Article Adv Med Educ Pract · 2022 BACKGROUND: Mentorship is pivotal for sustainability of a successful research culture at higher learning institutions. Various models have been proposed for provision of research mentorship in health sciences but are challenged by utilizing predominantly h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and Correlates of Ischemic ECG Findings among Adults With and Without HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article Glob Heart · 2022 INTRODUCTION: HIV confers increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but there has been little study of ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) findings among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of ischemic ECG findings ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypertension among adults enrolled in HIV care in northern Tanzania: comorbidities, cardiovascular risk, and knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Journal Article Pan Afr Med J · 2022 CITE THIS ARTICLE: Preeti Manavalan et al. Hypertension among adults enrolled in HIV care in northern Tanzania: comorbidities, cardiovascular risk, and knowledge, attitudes and practices. Pan African Medical Journal. 2022;41(285). 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.285 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three delays model applied to pediatric injury care seeking in Northern Tanzania: A mixed methods study.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2022 Pediatric injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low-and middle-income countries. Timely presentation to care is key for favorable outcomes. The goal of this study was to identify and examine delays that children experience between inju ... Full text Link to item Cite

The epidemiology of pediatric traumatic brain injury presenting at a referral center in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 BACKGROUND: Over 95% of childhood injury deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have twice the likelihood of dying in LMICs than in high-income countries (HICs). In Africa, TBI estimates ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tradeoffs in milk immunity affect infant infectious disease risk.

Journal Article Evolution, medicine, and public health · January 2022 Background and objectivesThe human immune system has evolved to balance protection against infection with control of immune-mediated damage and tolerance of commensal microbes. Such tradeoffs between protection and harm almost certainly extend to ... Full text Cite

Brucellosis testing patterns at health facilities in Arusha region, northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2022 BackgroundBrucellosis is listed as one of six priority zoonoses in Tanzania's One Health strategic plan which highlights gaps in data needed for the surveillance and estimation of human brucellosis burdens. This study collected data on current tes ... Full text Cite

Expanding access to rehabilitation using mobile health to address musculoskeletal pain and disability.

Journal Article Front Rehabil Sci · 2022 INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders such as low back pain and osteoarthritis are a leading cause of disability and the leading contributor to the need for rehabilitation services globally. This need has surpassed the availability of trained clini ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cervical cancer in Northern Tanzania-What do women living with HIV know.

Journal Article Front Oncol · 2022 BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) is more prevalent in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. The magnitude is high among all countries burdened with HIV-Tanzania is no exception. Despite the unpre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of SMS booster for alcohol reduction in injury patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLOS Glob Public Health · 2022 Alcohol use is associated with 3 million annual deaths globally. Harmful alcohol use, which is associated with a high burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often increases the probability of traumatic injury. Treatments for harmful ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial resistant coliforms across four poultry production systems in Arusha and Moshi, Tanzania

Journal Article Pan African Medical Journal One Health · January 1, 2022 Introduction: resistance to antimicrobials poses a threat to human and animal health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of resistant coliforms in poultry cloacal samples collected from different poultry systems in Arusha and Moshi districts, Tan ... Full text Cite

Development of anti-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc and NP-specific ELISA for detection of antibodies in domestic animal sera.

Journal Article Frontiers in veterinary science · January 2022 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a priority emerging disease. CCHF, caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), can lead to hemorrhagic fever in humans with severe cases often having fatal outcomes. CCHFV is maintained within a tick-vertebrate-tick cycle, w ... Full text Cite

Treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer in Eastern Africa: protocol of a multi-center, prospective, observational, open cohort study.

Journal Article BMC cancer · January 2022 BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Eastern Africa. The majority of patients with ESCC in Eastern Africa present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Several palliati ... Full text Cite

The role of community advisory boards in community-based HIV clinical trials: a qualitative study from Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC medical ethics · January 2022 BackgroundCommunity Advisory Boards (CAB) have become essential organs of involving communities in HIV clinical trials especially in developing countries. However, limited empirical evidence exists on the role of CABs in low and middle-income coun ... Full text Cite

Incidence Estimates of Acute Q Fever and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, from 2007 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2014.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · December 20, 2021 Q fever and spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR) are common causes of severe febrile illness in northern Tanzania. Incidence estimates are needed to characterize the disease burden. Using hybrid surveillance-coupling case-finding at two referral hospit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Attitudes Toward Pregnancy Among Women Enrolled in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Services in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · December 2021 For pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH), feelings about pregnancy may influence their emotional well-being and health seeking behaviors. This study examined attitudes toward pregnancy and associated factors among women enrolled in prevention of mother-to ... Full text Cite

Trends in fever case management for febrile inpatients in a low malaria incidence setting of Tanzania.

Journal Article Trop Med Int Health · December 2021 OBJECTIVES: In 2010, WHO published guidelines emphasising parasitological confirmation of malaria before treatment. We present data on changes in fever case management in a low malaria transmission setting of northern Tanzania after 2010. METHODS: We compa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding ischemic heart disease among HIV-positive individuals in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trop Med Int Health · December 2021 OBJECTIVES: To describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding ischemic heart disease (IHD) among adults with HIV in Tanzania. METHODS: Adults presenting for routine HIV care at a clinic in northern Tanzania were consecutively enrolled and wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · December 1, 2021 IMPORTANCE: Severity scores are used to improve triage of hospitalized patients in high-income settings, but the scores may not translate well to low- and middle-income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the Univer ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Epidemiology and management of asthma and atopic dermatitis in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · December 2021 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is currently undergoing a transformation process of unprecedented magnitude owing to economic development and urbanization. This process is paralleled by a dramatic increase in prevalence and incidence of noncommunicable diseases. ... Full text Cite

Gaps related to screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis in care cascade in selected health facilities in East Africa countries: A retrospective study.

Journal Article Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · December 2021 IntroductionEast Africa countries (Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) are among tuberculosis high burdened countries globally. As we race to accelerate progress towards a world free of tuberculosis by 2035, gaps related to screening and diagnosis in the ... Full text Cite

The Role of Community Health Workers in HIV Care Engagement: A Qualitative Study of Stakeholder Perspectives in Tanzania.

Journal Article The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · November 2021 AbstractSuboptimal retention in HIV care is a major driver of the global epidemic, including in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, the national Community-Based HIV Services program integrates volunteer community health workers (CHWs) to support pati ... Full text Cite

Effects of Pregnancy and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Response Assays in Women With HIV.

Journal Article Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · November 2021 BackgroundPregnancy is accompanied by immune suppression. We hypothesized that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific inflammatory responses used to identify latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) lose positivity during pregnancy. We also hypothesized ... Full text Cite

Mutational signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from eight countries with varying incidence.

Journal Article Nature genetics · November 2021 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) shows remarkable variation in incidence that is not fully explained by known lifestyle and environmental risk factors. It has been speculated that an unknown exogenous exposure(s) could be responsible. Here we comb ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and patient related factors associated with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection among pediatric patients in Tanzania.

Journal Article Scientific reports · November 2021 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwide, though less documented in low-income settings. Here we determined the prevalence of EPE infection and carriage, and patient factors associated with EPE-carr ... Full text Cite

Feasibility and acceptability of a peer youth led curriculum to improve HIV knowledge in Northern Tanzania: resilience and intervention experience from the perspective of peer leaders.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · October 23, 2021 BACKGROUND: Youth Living with HIV (YLWH) have reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and worse virologic outcomes compared to children and adults. HIV peer youth led (PYL) interventions contribute to improved retention in care and psychosocial w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Investigating the Meat Pathway as a Source of Human Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bloodstream Infections and Diarrhea in East Africa.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 5, 2021 BACKGROUND: Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are major causes of bloodstream infection and diarrheal disease in East Africa. Sources of human infection, including the role of the meat pathway, are poorly understood. METHODS: We collected c ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV Stigmatizing Attitudes Among Men Accompanying Their Partners to Antenatal Care in Tanzania: A Mixed-Method Study.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · October 2021 This mixed-method study aimed to describe HIV stigmatizing attitudes, identify factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes, and explore the broader context of HIV stigma among men accompanying their pregnant female partners to antenatal care in Tanzania ... Full text Cite

Association of Maternal Viral Load and CD4 Count With Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission Risk During Breastfeeding in the PROMISE Postpartum Component.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · October 2021 BackgroundBreastfeeding mothers with HIV infection not qualifying for antiretroviral therapy (ART) based on country-specific guidelines at the time of the Promoting Maternal-Infant Survival Everywhere trial and their uninfected neonates were rando ... Full text Cite

Male engagement guidelines in antenatal care: unintended consequences for pregnant women in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · October 2021 BackgroundThe meaningful engagement of male partners in antenatal care (ANC) can positively impact maternal and newborn health outcomes. The Tanzania National Plan for the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV recommends male partners ... Full text Cite

Baseline assessment of pharmacovigilance activities in four sub-Saharan African countries: a perspective on tuberculosis.

Journal Article BMC health services research · October 2021 BackgroundNew medicines have become available for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and are introduced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by the national TB programs (NTPs) through special access schemes. Pharmacovigilance is typically ... Full text Cite

Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case-control studies.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · September 2021 Geophagia, the intentional practice of consuming soil, occurs across the African esophageal cancer corridor, particularly during pregnancy. We investigated whether this practice is linked to endemic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in this region. ... Full text Cite

Assessing the Influence of Community Health Worker Support on Early Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Anticipated Stigma, and Mental Health Among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · August 2021 In many low- and middle-income countries, community health workers (CHWs) support multiple aspects of HIV care, including patient education and counseling, adherence support, and re-engaging patients lost to care. In Tanzania, the Community-Based HIV Servi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · August 2021 BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dispensing Antibiotics without Prescription at Community Pharmacies and Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · August 2021 Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance is increasing rapidly and is associated with misuse of antimicrobials. The HATUA study (a broader 3-country study) investigated the antibiotic dispensing practices of pharmaceutical providers to clients, particularly the ... Full text Cite

Gut microbiome-mediated metabolism effects on immunity in rural and urban African populations.

Journal Article Nature communications · August 2021 The human gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important factor in modulating innate and adaptive immunity through release of ligands and metabolites that translocate into circulation. Urbanizing African populations harbor large intestinal diver ... Full text Cite

Unlocking the health system barriers to maximise the uptake and utilisation of molecular diagnostics in low-income and middle-income country setting.

Journal Article BMJ global health · August 2021 BackgroundEarly access to diagnosis is crucial for effective management of any disease including tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the barriers and opportunities to maximise uptake and utilisation of molecular diagnostics in routine healthcare se ... Full text Cite

Effect of Digital Adherence Tools on Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment Among Adults Living With HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · August 2021 BackgroundLifelong adherence to antiretroviral treatment remains challenging for people living with HIV (PLHIV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether any of 2 digital adherence tools could improve adherence among PLHIV in Kilimanjaro, ... Full text Cite

Qualitative assessment of the impact of socioeconomic and cultural barriers on uptake and utilisation of tuberculosis diagnostic and treatment tools in East Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article BMJ open · July 2021 ObjectivesEarly diagnosis and timely treatment are key elements of a successful healthcare system. We assessed the role of socioeconomic and cultural norms in accelerating or decelerating uptake and utilisation of health technologies into policy a ... Full text Cite

Burden of foodborne diseases: think global, act local.

Journal Article Current opinion in food science · June 2021 National burden of foodborne disease (FBD) studies are essential to establish food safety as a public health priority, rank diseases, and inform interventions. In recent years, various countries have taken steps to implement them. Despite progress, the cur ... Full text Cite

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV-infected Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: IMPAACT Protocol P1092.

Journal Article The Pediatric infectious disease journal · May 2021 BackgroundSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of antiretroviral therapy. The phase IV study, IMPAACT P1092, compared PK, safety, and tolerability of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and lopi ... Full text Cite

Missing and decayed teeth, oral hygiene and dental staining in relation to esophageal cancer risk: ESCCAPE case-control study in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · May 2021 In the African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) corridor, recent work from Kenya found increased ESCC risk associated with poor oral health, including an ill-understood association with dental fluorosis. We examined these associations in a Tanzani ... Full text Cite

Red reflex examination in reproductive and child health clinics for early detection of paediatric cataract and ocular media disorders: cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy and feasibility studies from Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article Eye (London, England) · May 2021 Background/objectivesLate presentation of congenital cataract in the developing world has led to poor outcomes such that cataract is the leading cause of childhood blindness. Our hypothesis was that, sensitivity of red-reflex testing is greater th ... Full text Cite

Pilot Outcomes of Maisha: An HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention Developed for Antenatal Care in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · April 2021 HIV stigma is a persistent barrier to curbing the spread of HIV and improving quality of life for people living with HIV. We developed and pilot tested Maisha, an HIV stigma reduction intervention in antenatal care (ANC) with two objectives: 1) among indiv ... Full text Cite

Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2010/VESTED): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Journal Article Lancet (London, England) · April 2021 BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy is important for both maternal health and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission; however adequate data on the safety and efficacy of different ART regimens that are likely to be used by ... Full text Cite

Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Isoniazid and Efavirenz in Pregnant Women Living With HIV in High TB Incidence Settings: Importance of Genotyping.

Journal Article Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · April 2021 The World Health Organization guidelines recommend that individuals living with HIV receive ≥ 6 months of isoniazid preventive therapy, including pregnant women. Yet, plasma isoniazid exposure during pregnancy, in the antiretroviral therapy era, has not be ... Full text Cite

Protocol for establishing an Adaptive Diseases control Expert Programme in Tanzania (ADEPT) for integrating care of communicable and non-communicable diseases using tuberculosis and diabetes as a case study.

Journal Article BMJ open · April 2021 IntroductionMost sub-Saharan African countries endure a high burden of communicable infections but also face a rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Interventions targeting particular epidemics are often executed within vertical programmes. We ... Full text Cite

Generalized anxiety symptoms among women attending antenatal clinic in Mwanza Tanzania; a cross-sectional study

Journal Article Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · April 1, 2021 Background: Women are at increased risk of mental illness during the peripartum period. Method: A cross sectional study was used to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders among pregnant women att ... Full text Cite

Barriers to implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in three low- and middle-income country tertiary care settings: findings from a multi-site qualitative study.

Journal Article Antimicrob Resist Infect Control · March 25, 2021 BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance has been named as one of the top ten threats to public health in the world. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) can help reduce antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Building sustainable research capacity at higher learning institutions in Tanzania through mentoring of the Young Research Peers.

Journal Article BMC Med Educ · March 17, 2021 BACKGROUND: Sustainability of research culture in Sub-Saharan Africa is threatened in part by the lack of a critical mass of young researchers with the requisite skills and interest to undertake research careers. This paper describes an intensive mentorshi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance characteristics and costs of serological tests for brucellosis in a pastoralist community of northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Sci Rep · March 9, 2021 The control of brucellosis across sub-Saharan Africa is hampered by the lack of standardized testing and the use of tests with poor performance. This study evaluated the performance and costs of serological assays for human brucellosis in a pastoralist com ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Disclosure Dilemma: Willingness to Disclose a Positive HIV Status Among Individuals Preparing for HIV Testing During Antenatal Care in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · March 2021 HIV status disclosure can reduce transmission risks and improve care engagement. Individuals may have strong feelings about HIV disclosure even prior to diagnosis. We assessed willingness to disclose a positive HIV status among pregnant women and their mal ... Full text Cite

Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa (HATUA).

Journal Article BMJ open · March 2021 IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social conte ... Full text Cite

Minimally invasive esophageal sponge cytology sampling is feasible in a Tanzanian community setting.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · March 2021 Esophageal sponge cytology is an endoscopy alternative well accepted by patients with extensive data for accuracy in the context of adenocarcinoma. Few studies have assessed its feasibility in asymptomatic community members, and fewer still in East Africa, ... Full text Cite

Feasibility and acceptability of a nutritional intervention testing the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and folic acid on blood pressure in Tanzanian adults with elevated blood pressure.

Journal Article International journal of food sciences and nutrition · March 2021 Sub-Saharan African countries are experiencing an alarming increase in hypertension prevalence. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of nitrate-rich beetroot and folate supplementation, alone or combined, for the reduction of blood pressu ... Full text Cite

Urban living in healthy Tanzanians is associated with an inflammatory status driven by dietary and metabolic changes.

Journal Article Nature immunology · March 2021 Sub-Saharan Africa currently experiences an unprecedented wave of urbanization, which has important consequences for health and disease patterns. This study aimed to investigate and integrate the immune and metabolic consequences of rural or urban lifestyl ... Full text Cite

Presentation, surgery and 1-year outcomes of childhood cataract surgery in Tanzania.

Journal Article The British journal of ophthalmology · March 2021 BackgroundRecent reports have suggested a significant change in the causes of blindness in children in low-income countries cataract becoming the leading cause. We aimed to investigate the presentations and surgical outcomes in children with catar ... Full text Cite

Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania: A Welcome Stimulus in Primary Prevention Research.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · February 2021 In this issue, Mmbaga and colleagues present results of a case-control study to investigate environmental and lifestyle risk factors for esophageal cancer in Tanzania, East Africa. The results contribute to the early stage of a growing evidence base aimed ... Full text Cite

"She Just Told Me Not To Cry": A Qualitative Study of Experiences of HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC) Among Pregnant Women Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · January 2021 HIV testing and counseling (HTC) in antenatal care is extremely effective at identifying women living with HIV and linking them to HIV care. However, retention is suboptimal in this population. We completed qualitative interviews with 24 pregnant women liv ... Full text Cite

Do Women Enrolled in PMTCT Understand the Recommendations: A Case Study from Kilimanjaro.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2021 INTRODUCTION: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) remains a cornerstone of HIV prevention and control efforts. It is vital that the beneficiaries of PMTCT programs understand PMTCT recommendations, especially since their adherence to recomme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heart failure care and outcomes in a Tanzanian emergency department: A prospective observational study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2021 BACKGROUND: The burden of heart failure is growing in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is a dearth of data characterizing care and outcomes of heart failure patients in the region, particularly in emergency department settings. METHODS: In a prospective obser ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant UTI Among People Living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Infect Drug Resist · 2021 BACKGROUND: Bacterial urinary tract infection (BUTI) is the commonest urinary tract infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). It causes significant morbidity in this vulnerable group. Immunosuppression due to HIV can mask the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hypertension Care for People With HIV in Tanzania: Provider Perspectives and Opportunities for Improvement.

Journal Article Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care · January 2021 One in three people with HIV (PWH) has hypertension. However, most hypertensive PWH in sub-Saharan Africa are unaware of their hypertension diagnosis and are not on treatment. To better understand barriers to hypertension care faced by PWH, we interviewed ... Full text Cite

RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN DETECTION AMONG FEBRILE INPATIENTS IN NORTHERN TANZANIA, 2016-2019

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE · 2021 Cite

The magnitude and determinants of antepartum depression among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital, in Mwanza Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article The Pan African medical journal · January 2021 Introductionthere is an increased vulnerability for the development of common mental disorders during the peripartum period as evidenced in depressive disorder.Methodsa cross sectional study was used to determine the prevalence and risk f ... Full text Cite

"I Wish to Continue Receiving the Reminder Short Messaging Service": A Mixed Methods Study on the Acceptability of Digital Adherence Tools Among Adults Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment in Tanzania.

Journal Article Patient preference and adherence · January 2021 IntroductionDigital Adherence Tools (DAT) to promote adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV are being increasingly adopted globally, however their effectiveness and acceptability in limited resource settings has been challenging. In t ... Full text Cite

Detection of Rift Valley Fever virus inter-epidemic activity in Kilimanjaro Region, North Eastern Tanzania.

Journal Article Global health action · January 2021 BackgroundRift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of public health impact infecting livestock, wildlife, and humans mainly in Africa and other parts of the world. Despite its public health importance, mechanisms of RVFV maintenance ... Full text Cite

"He Who Relies on His Brother's Property Dies Poor": The Complex Narratives of Livestock Care in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Front Vet Sci · 2021 Background: Endemic zoonoses have important impacts for livestock-dependent households in East Africa. In these communities, people's health and livelihoods are severely affected by livestock disease losses. Understanding how livestock keepers undertake re ... Full text Link to item Cite

The development of Maisha, a video-assisted counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania.

Journal Article Evaluation and program planning · December 2020 HIV stigma has a profound impact on clinical outcomes and undermines the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). Among HIV-negative individuals, misinformation and prejudicial attitudes about HIV can fuel stigma and contribute to discrimination a ... Full text Cite

Investigation of Melioidosis Using Blood Culture and Indirect Hemagglutination Assay Serology among Patients with Fever, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · December 2020 Prediction models indicate that melioidosis may be common in parts of East Africa, but there are few empiric data. We evaluated the prevalence of melioidosis among patients presenting with fever to hospitals in Tanzania. Patients with fever were enrolled a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Alcohol stigma as it relates to drinking behaviors and perceptions of drink drivers: A mixed method study in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article Alcohol · November 2020 BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a leading risk factor for road traffic injury in low- and middle-income countries, such as Tanzania. This research seeks to explore the drinking patterns, perceptions, and stigma of drink driving behavior of injury patients at Kilima ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol Availability, Cost, Age of First Drink, and Its Association with At-Risk Alcohol Use in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · November 2020 BACKGROUND: The Kilimanjaro region has one of the highest levels of reported alcohol intake per capita in Tanzania. Age at first drink has been found to be associated with alcohol problems in adulthood, but there is less information on the age of first dri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular Detection and Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira in Febrile Patients and Phylogenetic Comparison with Leptospira Detected among Animals in Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · October 2020 Molecular data are required to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Africa and to identify sources of human infection. We applied molecular methods to identify the infecting Leptospira species and genotypes among patients hospi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Congenital infection and congenital cataract in Tanzania: A case control study

Journal Article Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · October 1, 2020 Background: Cataract is the commonest cause of childhood blindness in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The significance of congenital rubella and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the etiology is not known. Objectives: We aimed to investigate prevalence o ... Full text Cite

Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries.

Journal Article BMJ global health · October 2020 Lockdown measures have been introduced worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. However, the term 'lockdown' is not well-defined. Indeed, WHO's reference to 'so-called lockdown measures' indicates the absence of a clear and universally accepted d ... Full text Cite

A retrospective cross-sectional study to determine chirality status of registered medicines in Tanzania.

Journal Article Scientific reports · October 2020 Medicines with a stereogenic center (asymmetric carbon) are mainly present as racemates with a mixture of equal amounts of enantiomers. One enantiomer may be active while the other inactive, alternatively one may produce side-effects and even toxicity. How ... Full text Cite

166. Barriers to implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in low- or middle-income country settings: findings from a multi-site qualitative study

Journal Article Open forum infectious diseases · October 2020 Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance has been named as one of the top ten threats to health in the world. The World Health Organization has endorsed the implementation of hosptial-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to reduce a ... Cite

158. A multi-site, prospective study of antimicrobial prescribing practices in three low- or middle-income country hospitals

Journal Article Open forum infectious diseases · October 2020 Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are being developed internationally to mitigate the misuse of antimicrobials. An understanding of current practices and prescribing patterns is necessary to determine targets to develop ... Cite

A group-based mental health intervention for young people living with HIV in Tanzania: results of a pilot individually randomized group treatment trial.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · September 4, 2020 BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of young people living with HIV (YPLWH) have unaddressed mental health challenges. Such challenges are associated with poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and high mortality. Few evidence-based mental health intervent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol-Related Risky Behavior Patterns and Their Association With Alcohol Use and Perceived Alcohol Stigma in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article J Stud Alcohol Drugs · September 2020 OBJECTIVE: The Kilimanjaro region has one of the highest rates of reported alcohol use per capita in Tanzania. Alcohol-related risky behaviors pose substantial threats to the health and well-being of alcohol users and the people around them. This study see ... Full text Link to item Cite

Practical and effective diagnosis of animal anthrax in endemic low-resource settings.

Journal Article PLoS neglected tropical diseases · September 2020 Anthrax threatens human and animal health, and people's livelihoods in many rural communities in Africa and Asia. In these areas, anthrax surveillance is challenged by a lack of tools for on-site detection. Furthermore, cultural practices and infrastructur ... Full text Cite

Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in three hospitals in North-Eastern Tanzania.

Journal Article Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · September 2020 BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most urgent global health threats with low-resource countries being disproportionately affected. Targeted interventions require insight in antibiotic prescription practices. A point prevalence ... Full text Cite

Returning of antiretroviral medication dispensed over a period of 8 months suggests non-adherence despite full adherence according to real time medication monitoring.

Journal Article AIDS research and therapy · September 2020 Real-time medication monitoring (RTMM) may potentially enhance adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). We describe a participant in an ongoing trial who, shortly after completing trial participation, died of cryptococcal meningitis despite high levels ... Full text Cite

Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Reduces Blood Pressure in Tanzanian Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Journal Article The Journal of nutrition · September 2020 BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, current strategies are struggling to control the burgeoning hypertension epidemic. Dietary interventions such as inorganic nitrate or folic acid supplementation could represent promising strategies for reducing blo ... Full text Cite

Awareness of Cancer Risk Factors and Its Signs and Symptoms in Northern Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Survey in the General Population and in People Living with HIV.

Journal Article J Cancer Educ · August 2020 An important component of cancer control programs for the growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa is a population's awareness of risk factors. Studies thereof have focused on single rather than multiple cancers and carcinogens. During March and April 2015, we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Estimating acute human leptospirosis incidence in northern Tanzania using sentinel site and community behavioural surveillance.

Journal Article Zoonoses Public Health · August 2020 Many infectious diseases lack robust estimates of incidence from endemic areas, and extrapolating incidence when there are few locations with data remains a major challenge in burden of disease estimation. We sought to combine sentinel surveillance with co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute myocardial infarction under-diagnosis and mortality in a Tanzanian emergency department: A prospective observational study.

Journal Article Am Heart J · August 2020 BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that under-diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be common in sub-Saharan Africa. Prospective studies of routine AMI screening among patients presenting to emergency departments in sub-Saharan Africa are l ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Hypertension burden and challenges across the hypertension treatment cascade among adults enrolled in HIV care in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · August 2020 Failure to address hypertension among people living with HIV (PLWH) may undermine the significant progress made toward reducing mortality among this high-risk population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Here, the authors report hypertension prevalence, diagnos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Viral-bacterial (co-)occurrence in the upper airways and the risk of childhood pneumonia in resource-limited settings.

Journal Article The Journal of infection · August 2020 ObjectiveTo examine the association between bacterial-viral co-occurrence in the nasopharynx and the risk of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children living in resource-limited settings.MethodsA case-control study was conducte ... Full text Cite

"If You Have No Money, You Might Die": A Qualitative Study of Sociocultural and Health System Barriers to Care for Decedent Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · July 2020 Infectious diseases are a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite effective treatments. To study the sociocultural and health system barriers to care, we conducted a qualitative social autopsy study of patients who di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mitigating lockdown challenges in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · July 2020 Full text Cite

Serological evidence of exposure to Rift Valley, Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses among agropastoral communities in Manyara and Morogoro regions in Tanzania: A community survey.

Journal Article PLoS neglected tropical diseases · July 2020 Tanzania has recently experienced outbreaks of dengue in two coastal regions of Dar es Salaam and Tanga. Chikungunya and Rift Valley Fever outbreaks have also been recorded in the past decade. Little is known on the burden of the arboviral disease causing ... Full text Cite

A traumatic brain injury prognostic model to support in-hospital triage in a low-income country: a machine learning-based approach.

Journal Article J Neurosurg · June 1, 2020 OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a disproportionate burden of this injury on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited access to diagnostic technologies and highly skilled providers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Technical and Psychosocial Challenges of mHealth Usage for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living With HIV in a Resource-Limited Setting: Case Series.

Journal Article JMIR formative research · June 2020 BackgroundMobile communication has been found to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV. In an ongoing randomized clinical trial, 2 mobile communication strategies (ie, sending SMS text messages and real-time m ... Full text Cite

A prospective study of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection among adolescents and adults in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg · May 7, 2020 BACKGROUND: Characterization of the epidemiology of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa is lacking. We studied patients with E. coli BSI in northern Tanzania to describe host risk factors for infection and to describe the ant ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Raltegravir versus efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV (NICHD P1081): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial.

Journal Article The lancet. HIV · May 2020 BackgroundAlthough antiretroviral regimens containing integrase inhibitors rapidly suppress HIV viral load in non-pregnant adults, few published data from randomised controlled trials have compared the safety and efficacy of any integrase inhibito ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and speciation of brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania.

Journal Article Sci Rep · April 27, 2020 Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Pastoralists are at high risk of infection but data on brucellosis from these communities are scarce. The study objectives were to: estimate the prevalence of human brucellosis, identify the Brucell ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meat Safety in Tanzania's Value Chain: Experiences, Explanations and Expectations in Butcheries and Eateries.

Journal Article Int J Environ Res Public Health · April 20, 2020 Urbanisation is associated with changes in consumption patterns and food production processes. These patterns and processes can increase or decrease the risks of outbreaks of foodborne diseases and are generally accompanied by changes in food safety polici ... Full text Link to item Cite

How do community advisory boards fulfil their ethical role in HIV clinical trials? A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

Journal Article BMJ open · April 2020 IntroductionCommunity advisory boards (CABs) continue to gain wide use and acceptance in global health research including in HIV clinical trials. They provide means through which community concerns regarding the trial can be considered by the rese ... Full text Cite

Inappropriate treatment of community-acquired pneumonia among children under five years of age in Tanzania.

Journal Article International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · April 2020 ObjectiveTo describe the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under five years in Tanzania.MethodsBetween January and December 2017, children aged 2-59 months with chest radiography-confirmed CAP were enrolled. The ... Full text Cite

Sensitivity of C-reactive protein for the identification of patients with laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trop Med Int Health · March 2020 OBJECTIVE: Identifying febrile patients requiring antibacterial treatment is challenging, particularly in low-resource settings. In South-East Asia, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive and moderately specific in detecting ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceptions of alcohol use among injury patients and their family members in Tanzanian society.

Journal Article Alcohol · March 2020 Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Rates of alcohol abuse in Moshi, Tanzania, are about 2.5 times higher than the Tanzanian average. We sought to qualitatively assess the perceptions of alcohol use among injury patients ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in African food animals and meat: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal Article Int J Food Microbiol · February 16, 2020 BACKGROUND: Campylobacter and Salmonella, particularly non-typhoidal Salmonella, are important bacterial enteric pathogens of humans which are often carried asymptomatically in animal reservoirs. Bacterial foodborne infections, including those derived from ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patterns of Emergency Care for Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Patients with Chest Pain or Shortness of Breath at a Tanzanian Referral Hospital.

Journal Article Glob Heart · February 6, 2020 BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is thought to be a rare diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa, but little is known about diagnostic practices for patients with possible ACS symptoms in the region. OBJECTIVE: To describe current care practices for patie ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Drugs Among Children With Tuberculosis in Rural Tanzania.

Journal Article Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · February 2020 BackgroundDosing recommendations for treating childhood tuberculosis (TB) were revised by the World Health Organization, yet so far, pharmacokinetic studies that have evaluated these changes are relatively limited. We evaluated plasma drug concent ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and Outcome of HIV-associated Malignancies Among HIV-infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center 2006 to 2014: A Hospital-based Retrospective Analytical Study.

Journal Article J Pediatr Hematol Oncol · January 2020 OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated malignancies in children attending a care and treatment clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does Antiretroviral Therapy Packaging Matter? Perceptions and Preferences of Antiretroviral Therapy Packaging for People Living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2020 INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in treatment (eg, reduction in pill intake), antiretroviral therapy (ART) is dispensed in socially inefficient and uneconomical packaging. To make pills less conspicuous and decrease the risk of being stigmatized, people ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Good death: An exploratory study on perceptions and attitudes of patients, relatives, and healthcare providers, in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 IMPORTANCE: In the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania, there are no advance care planning (ACP) protocols being used to document patient preferences for end-of-life (EoL) care. There is a general avoidance of the topic and contemplating ACP in healthcare-limit ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of short term Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) interruptions on longer term maternal health outcomes-A randomized clinical trial.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 BackgroundGiven well documented challenges faced by pregnant women living with HIV taking lifetime ART, it is critical to understand the impact of short-term ART exposure followed by treatment interruption on maternal health outcomes.Methods Full text Cite

"At home, no one knows": A qualitative study of retention challenges among women living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 IntroductionDespite the broad success of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs, HIV care engagement during the pregnancy and postpartum periods is suboptimal. This study explored the perspectives of women who experienc ... Full text Cite

Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy Receiving Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article Infectious diseases · January 2020 BackgroundWorldwide prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral medications (ARVs) is rising due to extensive use of treatment during their entire lives. Dyslipidemia is the potential side effect of ARVs, especially in in ... Full text Cite

Cancer spectrum in HIV-infected patients: A zonal hospital experience in Tanzania.

Journal Article Cancer Treat Res Commun · 2020 BACKGROUND: Although the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Tanzania is high, limited data are available on cancers in HIV-infected patients. We aimed to determine the spectrum and prevalence of cancers in HIV-infected patients atten ... Full text Link to item Cite

An analysis of emergency care delays experienced by traumatic brain injury patients presenting to a regional referral hospital in a low-income country.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 BackgroundTrauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), trauma patients have a higher risk of experiencing delays to care due to limited hospital resources and difficulties in reaching a ... Full text Open Access Cite

"It's because I think too much": Perspectives and experiences of adults with hypertension engaged in HIV care in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a leading risk for cardiovascular mortality, is an important co-morbidity among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Tanzania, hypertension prevalence among PLHIV approaches 20 to 30%. However, most patients are unaware of their dia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 Livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livesto ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV Community-Level Stigmatizing Attitudes in Tanzania: Perspectives from Antenatal Care.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2020 IntroductionStigma significantly impacts retention in HIV care and quality of life among people living with HIV. This study explored community-level HIV stigma from the perspective of patients and healthcare workers in antenatal care (ANC) in Mosh ... Full text Cite

Meat Safety in Northern Tanzania: Inspectors' and Slaughter Workers' Risk Perceptions and Management.

Journal Article Front Vet Sci · 2020 Through a social scientific lens, this paper considers the risk perceptions and "risk-based decision-making" of two key groups in a northern Tanzanian context: (1) frontline government meat inspectors and health officers charged with ensuring that red meat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of ponderal index among infants in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY · 2020 Cite

Maternal investment and interbirth interval in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY · 2020 Cite

Reactive vs. proactive strategies for milk immunity

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · 2020 Cite

Feasibility of SMS to remind pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV to take antiretroviral treatment in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a pilot study.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2020 BackgroundPregnant and breastfeeding Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) often have difficulties in reaching adequate levels of adherence (>95%) to Antiretroviral treatment. "Forgetting" is the most commonly mentioned reason. Sending reminders via SMS i ... Full text Cite

The burden of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke among emergency department admissions in Tanzania: A retrospective observational study.

Journal Article Afr J Emerg Med · December 2019 INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial and growing. Much remains to be learned about the relative burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure, and stroke on emergency departments and hospital ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania (Maisha): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Trials · December 2019 BackgroundHIV-related stigma significantly impacts HIV care engagement, including in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. Maisha is a stigma-based counseling intervention delivered during the first antenatal care (AN ... Full text Cite

Effects of dietary nitrate and folate supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive Tanzanians: Design and baseline characteristics of a feasibility trial.

Journal Article Contemporary clinical trials communications · December 2019 The burden of hypertension in Sub-Saharan African countries is rising. Low-cost and effective interventions are needed to mitigate these alarming trends. No evidence is available on the use of dietary nitrate for treating hypertension in African population ... Full text Cite

An evaluation of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury at a referral hospital in Tanzania: evidence from a survival analysis.

Journal Article Neurosurg Focus · November 1, 2019 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low- and middle-income countries who receive surgery have better outcomes than patients with TBI who do not receive surgery, and whether this differs wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices regarding ischemic heart disease among emergency department patients in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Public Health · October 2019 OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to increase understanding of knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices regarding ischemic heart disease (IHD) in sub-Saharan Africa in order to develop patient-centered interventions to improve care and out ... Full text Link to item Cite

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

Journal Article The New England journal of medicine · October 2019 BackgroundThe safety, efficacy, and appropriate timing of isoniazid therapy to prevent tuberculosis in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who are receiving antiretroviral therapy are unknown.MethodsIn this mu ... Full text Cite

Clinical outcomes of new algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis sepsis in HIV patients.

Journal Article International journal of mycobacteriology · October 2019 BackgroundDespite effort to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population, 45% of adults with HIV that had a previously unknown reason for death, demonstrated TB was the cause by autopsy examination. We a ... Full text Cite

Source apportionment of micronutrients in the diets of Kilimanjaro,Tanzania and Counties of Western Kenya.

Journal Article Scientific reports · October 2019 Soil, water and food supply composition data have been combined to primarily estimate micronutrient intakes and subsequent risk of deficiencies in each of the regions studied by generating new data to supplement and update existing food balance sheets. The ... Full text Cite

2029. Prevalence of Antibiotic Use and Administration among Hospitalized Adult Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Journal Article Open forum infectious diseases · October 2019 Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been shown to improve the appropriate use of antimicrobials, especially in high-income countries. However, ASPs are relatively less well implemented in low-or-middle income countri ... Cite

1387. Women Living with HIV (WLWH) Lose IFNγ Responses Diagnostic of Latent TB Infection (LTBI) during Pregnancy and after INH Prophylactic Treatment (IPT)

Journal Article Open forum infectious diseases · October 2019 Abstract Background TB is the most common opportunistic infection in PLWH. IPT is recommended for PLWH in endemic areas and for those with LTBI diagnosed by Quantiferon gold-in-tube (QGIT) or tuberculin skin test (TST) in other areas. We report on ... Cite

Attitudes Toward Long-Term Use of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Moshi, Tanzania: A Longitudinal Study.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · September 2019 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and the postpartum period is necessary to prevent vertical HIV transmission and to secure the long-term health of an HIV-infected woman. Health behavior theory suggests that patients' attitudes tow ... Full text Cite

Street-level diplomacy and local enforcement for meat safety in northern Tanzania: knowledge, pragmatism and trust.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · July 3, 2019 BACKGROUND: With increasing demand for red meat in Tanzania comes heightened potential for zoonotic infections in animals and humans that disproportionately affect poor communities. A range of frontline government employees work to protect public health, p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vulnerable at Each Step in the PMTCT Care Cascade: High Loss to Follow Up During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS and behavior · July 2019 In 2013, Tanzania adopted the World Health Organization's Option B+ guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), whereby all HIV-infected pregnant women initiate lifelong antiretroviral therapy. This study examined retention in ... Full text Cite

Implementation and effectiveness of evriMED with short messages service (SMS) reminders and tailored feedback compared to standard care on adherence to treatment among tuberculosis patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: proposal for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Journal Article Trials · July 2019 BackgroundAdherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging because of many factors. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of digital adherence monitoring technologies in its End TB Strategy. However, evidence on improving ad ... Full text Cite

Predictors of postpartum HIV care engagement for women enrolled in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS care · June 2019 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is a foundational component of a comprehensive HIV treatment program. In addition to preventing vertical transmission to children, PMTCT is an important catch-point for universal test-and-treat stra ... Full text Cite

HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Virologic Outcomes Among Tanzanian Youth Living With HIV.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · June 2019 Adolescents living with HIV tend to have poor adherence that often breeds HIV resistance mutations and virologic failure (VF). This study evaluated risk behavior, virologic outcomes and HIV resistance mutations in Tanzanian youth living with HIV. Participa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of Using Short Message Service and In-Depth Interviews to Collect Data on Contraceptive Use Among Young, Unmarried, Sexually Active Men in Moshi, Tanzania, and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Mixed Methods Study With a Longitudinal Follow-Up.

Journal Article JMIR formative research · June 2019 BackgroundData on contraceptive needs and use among young unmarried men are limited. Conventional ways of data collection may lead to limited and unreliable information on contraceptive use due to sensitivity of the topic, as many young men feel a ... Full text Cite

Using WGS to identify antibiotic resistance genes and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in Tanzania.

Journal Article The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · June 2019 BackgroundReliable phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be a challenge in clinical settings in low- and middle-income countries. WGS is a promising approach to enhance current capabilities.AimTo study diversity and resistan ... Full text Cite

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the MMSE and MoCA questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a traumatic brain injury population.

Journal Article BMC Neurol · April 8, 2019 BACKGROUND: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most common cause of injury-related death and disability globally, and a common sequelae is cognitive impairment. Addressing post-TBI cognitive deficits is crucial because they affect rehabilitation outcomes, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Serostatus disclosure among a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in HIV care in Moshi, Tanzania: A mixed-methods study.

Journal Article SSM - population health · April 2019 HIV-infected pregnant women face complex decisions about whether and how to disclose their serostatus. Previous studies have shown that HIV disclosure is associated with better care engagement, emotional adjustment to the disease, and reduced risk of HIV t ... Full text Cite

Intra-household agreement of urinary elemental concentrations in Tanzania and Kenya: potential surrogates in case-control studies.

Journal Article Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · April 2019 Element deficiencies and excesses play important roles in non-communicable disease aetiology. When investigating their roles in epidemiologic studies without prospective designs, reverse-causality limits the utility of transient biomarkers in cases. This s ... Full text Cite

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Tanzanian HIV-infected children receiving long-term efavirenz treatment: a multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study.

Journal Article The lancet. HIV · April 2019 BackgroundEfavirenz is commonly prescribed for children with HIV infection, yet little is known about risks of neuropsychiatric side-effects. We aimed to compare competence (social involvement, activities, and school performance) and psychopatholo ... Full text Cite

Modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years of age in resource-poor settings: a case-control study.

Journal Article Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · April 2019 ObjectiveDespite the availability of vaccines and antibiotics, pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. The objective of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors for community-acquired pneumon ... Full text Cite

Awareness of Danger Signs during Pregnancy and Post-Delivery Period among Women of Reproductive Age in Unguja Island, Zanzibar: A Qualitative Study.

Journal Article African journal of reproductive health · March 2019 Zanzibar is part of the United Republic of Tanzania with high levels of maternal mortality due to obstetric complications. Women's awareness on obstetric danger signs and early seeking of medical care is the first intervention in reduction of maternal deat ... Full text Cite

Underestimated pyrazinamide resistance may compromise outcomes of pyrazinamide containing regimens for treatment of drug susceptible and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC infectious diseases · February 2019 BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease and the roll-out of rapid molecular diagnostics for rifampin resistance has resulted in a steady rise in the number of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB ... Full text Cite

Experiences of Fetal or Infant Loss among Tanzanian Women in HIV Care.

Journal Article Journal of loss & trauma · January 2019 This study examined the impact of fetal or infant loss on HIV care engagement. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 HIV-infected women who experienced fetal or infant loss while enrolled in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) serv ... Full text Cite

The Burden of Hypertension and Diabetes in an Emergency Department in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Ethn Dis · 2019 INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the burden of hypertension and diabetes on emergency department (ED) utilization and hospitalizations in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult ED patients in northern Tanzania was performed from Se ... Full text Link to item Cite

Depression and anxiety among pregnant women living with HIV in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 IntroductionMental health disorders in pregnant women living with HIV are associated with poor maternal and child outcomes, and undermine the global goals of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). This study aimed to determine ... Full text Cite

ENDEMIC TYPHOID INCIDENCE, KILIMANJARO REGION, TANZANIA, 2007-2018

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE · January 1, 2019 Link to item Cite

Does antiretroviral therapy packaging matter? Perceptions and preferences of antiretroviral therapy packaging for people living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article · 2019 Background: Despite improvements in treatment (e.g., reduction in pill intake), antiretroviral therapy (ART) is dispensed in socially inefficient and uneconomical packaging. To make pills less conspicuous and decrease the risk of being stigmatize ... Full text Cite

Unpacking Loss to Follow-Up Among HIV-Infected Women Initiated on Option B+ In Northern Tanzania: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2019 BackgroundIn 2014, Tanzania adopted the Option B+ policy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), which stipulates lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women, irres ... Full text Cite

EXPLORING MENTAL HEALTH PROFILES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS IN NORTHERN TANZANIA

Conference ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH · 2019 Cite

Evaluation of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Journal Article Journal of inflammation research · January 2019 IntroductionThere is active interest in leveraging host immune responses as biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB) disease activity. We had previously evaluated an immunodiagnostic test called the antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assay. Here, we ... Full text Cite

Ceftriaxone use in a tertiary care hospital in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: A need for a hospital antibiotic stewardship programme.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 Excessive use of antibiotics, especially watch group antibiotics such as ceftriaxone leads to emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), antibiotics are overused but data on consumption is scarcely a ... Full text Cite

FACTORS IMPACTING REPORTING BEHAVIOR OF ALCOHOL USE IN MOSHI, TANZANIA

Conference ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH · 2019 Cite

Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five years of age in Africa: A systematic review.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2019 BackgroundDespite the widespread implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of severe pneumonia associated with mortality among children less than 5 years of age worldwide, with the hig ... Full text Cite

Mentoring the Mentors: Implementation and Evaluation of Four Fogarty-Sponsored Mentoring Training Workshops in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.

Journal Article The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · January 2019 A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of competent mentoring in academic research. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of four regional 2-day intensive workshops to train mid- and senior-level investigators conducting ... Full text Cite

Iron Depletion, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Kilimanjaro, Northern Tanzania: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2019 BackgroundIron depletion results from reduced iron stores, and it is an early stage of disease progression before iron deficiency, which leads to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). IDA is associated with delayed infant growth and development, diminish ... Full text Cite

Desialylation of Platelets by Pneumococcal Neuraminidase A Induces ADP-Dependent Platelet Hyperreactivity.

Journal Article Infection and immunity · October 2018 Platelets are increasingly recognized to play a role in the complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. S. pneumoniae expresses neuraminidases, which may alter glycans on the platelet surface. In the present study, we investigated t ... Full text Cite

Molecular epidemiology of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospitalised patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · October 2018 This study aimed to use whole-genome sequencing to determine virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Kilimanjaro. K. pneumoniae isolates from patients attending Kilimanjaro Christi ... Full text Cite

Built environment analysis for road traffic hotspot locations in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · September 2018 Road traffic injuries (RTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Investigation of high risk areas for RTIs is needed to guide improvements. This study provides built environmental analysis of road traffic crash ho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceived barriers by health care providers for screening and management of excessive alcohol use in an emergency department of a low-income country.

Journal Article Alcohol · September 2018 Annually, alcohol causes 3.3 million deaths; countless more alcohol-related injury patients are treated in emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. Studies show that alcohol-related injury patients reduce their at-risk alcohol-use behavior with a brief negot ... Full text Link to item Cite

The African Esophageal Cancer Consortium: A Call to Action.

Journal Article Journal of global oncology · September 2018 Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death; however, worldwide incidence and mortality rates do not reflect the geographic variations in the occurrence of this disease. In recent yea ... Full text Cite

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress to a traumatic brain injury population in Swahili and the Tanzanian Setting.

Journal Article Health Qual Life Outcomes · July 27, 2018 BACKGROUND: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swahili version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale in an injury population in Tanzania. METHODS: Swahili version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale was developed by translation and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Platelet-monocyte interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Journal Article Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · July 2018 The immune effects of platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregation are increasingly recognized. We studied the occurrence of platelet-monocyte aggregation (PMA) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the processes underlying PMA and consequences for ... Full text Cite

Caregiver role in HIV medication adherence among HIV-infected orphans in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Care · June 2018 Youth living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa face numerous challenges in adhering to HIV treatment. The AIDS epidemic has left many of these youth orphaned due to AIDS-related death of one or both parents. It is imperative to understand the family context o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral drug concentrations in hair are associated with virologic outcomes among young people living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS · June 1, 2018 OBJECTIVE: We assessed the relationship of self-reported adherence versus antiretroviral therapy (ART) concentrations in hair with virologic outcomes among young people living with HIV. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled young people li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic Leptospira in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · June 2018 Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects more than one million people worldwide each year. Human infection is acquired through direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal. A wide range of animals including rodents and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for human acute leptospirosis in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · June 2018 INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a major cause of febrile illness in Africa but little is known about risk factors for human infection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity amo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of TaqMan Array Cards to Screen Outbreak Specimens for Causes of Febrile Illness in Tanzania.

Journal Article The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · June 2018 We describe the deployment of a custom-designed molecular diagnostic TaqMan Array Card (TAC) to screen for 31 bacterial, protozoal, and viral etiologies in blood from outbreaks of acute febrile illness in Tanzania during 2015-2017. On outbreaks notified to ... Full text Cite

Prevalence and risk factors for CTX-M gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · May 2018 Emergence and spread of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacteria, mainly due to CTX-M, is a major global public health problem. Patients infected with ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria have an increased risk of treatment ... Full text Cite

Retention in HIV Care During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in the Option B+ Era: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies in Africa.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · April 2018 BackgroundUnder Option B+ guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, pregnant and breastfeeding women initiate antiretroviral therapy for lifelong use. The objectives of this study were: (1) to synthesize data on retention i ... Full text Cite

Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission Through Breastfeeding: Efficacy and Safety of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy Versus Infant Nevirapine Prophylaxis for Duration of Breastfeeding in HIV-1-Infected Women With High CD4 Cell Count (IMPAACT PROMISE): A Randomized, Open-Label, Clinical Trial.

Journal Article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · April 2018 BackgroundNo randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission throughout the breastfeeding period.Se ... Full text Cite

Esophageal cancer male to female incidence ratios in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic, time and age trends.

Journal Article Cancer epidemiology · April 2018 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains the predominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer (EC) in many transitioning countries, with an enigmatic and geographically distinct etiology, and consistently elevated incidence rates in many East ... Full text Cite

Aeromonas caviae mimicking Vibrio cholerae infectious enteropathy in a cholera-endemic region with possible public health consequences: two case reports.

Journal Article Journal of medical case reports · March 2018 BackgroundAeromonas species have been documented to yield false positive results in microbiological tests for Vibrio cholerae. They share many biochemical properties with Vibrio species, with which they were jointly classified in the family Vibrio ... Full text Cite

The impact of alcohol among injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania: a nested case-crossover study.

Journal Article BMC Public Health · February 21, 2018 BACKGROUND: Globally, alcohol is responsible for 3.3 million deaths annually and contributes to 5.9% of the overall global burden of disease. In Sub-Saharan Africa, alcohol is the leading avoidable risk factor accounting for a substantial portion of death ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Northern Tanzania.

Conference Am J Trop Med Hyg · February 2018 Little is known about the epidemiology of human brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. This hampers prevention and control efforts at the individual and population levels. To evaluate risk factors for brucellosis in northern Tanzania, we conducted a study of p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT and CAGE Questionnaires in Tanzanian Swahili for a Traumatic Brain Injury Population.

Journal Article Alcohol Alcohol · January 1, 2018 AIMS: To develop Swahili versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and CAGE questionnaires and evaluate their psychometric properties in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population in Tanzania. METHODS: Swahili versions of the AUDIT a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modality of Primary HIV Disclosure and Association with Mental Health, Stigma, and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Tanzanian Youth Living with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · January 2018 Disclosing HIV status to children before adolescence is a major challenge facing families and healthcare providers. This study used a mixed methods approach to explore the youth perspective of how youth living with HIV (YLHIV) found out their status and to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality among febrile inpatients in Tanzania: a prospective social biopsy cohort study.

Journal Article BMJ Glob Health · 2018 INTRODUCTION: Communicable diseases are the leading causes of death in Tanzania despite the existence of effective treatment tools. We aimed to assess the sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality from febrile illness in northern Ta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correction: Time trends in management of HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2018 [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184362.]. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cross-Culture Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the DrInC Questionnaire in Tanzanian Swahili.

Journal Article Front Public Health · 2018 Aims: To develop Swahili versions of the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC) and evaluate its psychometric properties among a mixed population in Tanzania. Methods: A Swahili version of the DrInC was developed by a panel of bilingual Swahili and Engl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Building resilience: a mental health intervention for Tanzanian youth living with HIV.

Journal Article AIDS Care · 2018 Despite a growing population of youth living with HIV, few interventions have been developed to address their unique mental health needs and to promote resilience. Based on our prior needs assessment, a mental health intervention, Sauti ya Vijana ( The Voi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effective linkage from point of HIV testing to care and treatment in Tanga region, Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2018 BackgroundLinkage to care and treatment is an important part of efforts to accelerate HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. It offers an opportunity for PLHIV to receive information and services in a timely manner. Clients who present late ... Full text Cite

Prescription and non-prescription antibiotic dispensing practices in part I and part II pharmacies in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania: A simulated clients approach.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2018 Antibiotic dispensing without a prescription poses a threat to public health as it leads to excessive antibiotic consumption. Inappropriate antibiotic availability to the community has been documented to be amongst drivers of antimicrobial resistance emerg ... Full text Cite

Prevalence, determinants and knowledge of antibacterial self-medication: A cross sectional study in North-eastern Tanzania.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2018 Self-medication is very common especially in developing countries and is documented to be associated with many health risks including antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the prevalence, determinants and knowledge of self-medication among residen ... Full text Cite

Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Tropical medicine and health · January 2018 BackgroundAcute Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy represents a risk for congenital disease, especially among women without previous exposure to infection. There is, however, a paucity of information about the epidemiology of T ... Full text Cite

Central nervous system toxicity of efavirenz in HIV-infected children in Tanzania

Conference JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY · 2018 Cite

Whole genome sequencing reveals high clonal diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · January 2018 BackgroundLimited information regarding the clonality of circulating E. coli strains in tertiary care hospitals in low and middle-income countries is available. The purpose of this study was to determine the serotypes, antimicrobial resista ... Full text Cite

Hospital Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Moshi, Tanzania, as Determined by Whole Genome Sequencing.

Journal Article BioMed research international · January 2018 ObjectiveTo determine molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Tanzania using whole genome sequencing.MethodsDNA from 33 Staphylococcus species was recovered from subcultured archived Staphylococcus Full text Cite

HIV Resistance and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Regimen in HIV-Infected Infants in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · November 2017 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines recommend that all HIV-infected pregnant women receive antiretroviral therapy (Option B) and HIV-infected infants should initiate therapy with a protease inhibitor-based regimen; however, implem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and genotypes of Rotavirus among children under 5 years presenting with diarrhoea in Moshi, Tanzania: a hospital based cross sectional study.

Journal Article BMC research notes · October 2017 BackgroundDiarrhoea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 responsible for approximately four billion cases and 1.1 million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causati ... Full text Cite

Qualitative study to develop processes and tools for the assessment and tracking of African institutions' capacity for operational health research.

Journal Article BMJ open · September 2017 ObjectivesResearch is key to achieving global development goals. Our objectives were to develop and test an evidence-informed process for assessing health research management and support systems (RMSS) in four African universities and for tracking ... Full text Cite

Cryptosporidium and Giardia Infections in Children: A Review.

Journal Article Pediatric clinics of North America · August 2017 Diarrheal disease remains the second leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause and its importance stands to increase as rotavirus vaccine becomes used around the world. Cryptosporidium is particularl ... Full text Cite

One Health contributions towards more effective and equitable approaches to health in low- and middle-income countries.

Journal Article Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci · July 19, 2017 Emerging zoonoses with pandemic potential are a stated priority for the global health security agenda, but endemic zoonoses also have a major societal impact in low-resource settings. Although many endemic zoonoses can be treated, timely diagnosis and appr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patterns of infections, aetiological agents and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care hospital in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · April 2017 ObjectiveTo determine the causative agents of infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility at a tertiary care hospital in Moshi, Tanzania, to guide optimal treatment.MethodsA total of 590 specimens (stool (56), sputum (122), blood (1 ... Full text Cite

Time trends in management of HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2017 OBJECTIVE: To examine time trends in antenatal factors and delivery characteristics in Northern Tanzania, and relate these to national guidelines for HIV in pregnancy. DESIGN: Registry-based study. SETTING: Northern Tanzania, 2000-2014. POPULATION OR SAMPL ... Full text Link to item Cite

Partnership Conference.

Journal Article Ann Glob Health · 2017 BACKGROUND: The Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI) was founded in 2006 with a goal to foster interdisciplinary global health education and research across Duke University and Duke Medical Center. Critical to achieving this goal is the need to develop and ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Predictors of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2017 BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality amongst those living with HIV and reduce transmission of the virus to those who are yet to be infected. However, these outcomes depend on maximum ART adhe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the Antibody in Lymphocyte Supernatant Assay to Detect Active Tuberculosis.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2017 BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assay as a biomarker to diagnose tuberculosis among adults from Tanzania with and without HIV.MethodsAdults admitted with suspicion for tuberculosis had sputa obt ... Full text Cite

Informing etiologic research priorities for squamous cell esophageal cancer in Africa: A review of setting-specific exposures to known and putative risk factors.

Journal Article International journal of cancer · January 2017 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in most Eastern and Southern African countries, but its etiology has been understudied to date. To inform its research agenda, we undertook a review to identify, of the ESCC risk f ... Full text Cite

TORCH Antibodies Among Pregnant Women and Their Newborns Receiving Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2017 BackgroundToxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19, and hepatitis B), rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) - known by the acronym TORCH - is a group of infections affe ... Full text Cite

Gridlock from Diagnosis to Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Tanzania: Illuminating Potential Factors for Possible Intervention.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2017 SettingsKibong'oto Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.ObjectiveCharacterise multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)-treated cases during the scaling up of molecular diagnostics using Xpert MTB/RIF and GenoType MTBDRplus ... Full text Cite

Prevalence, Aetiology, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Amongst Children Admitted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2017 BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) in the paediatric population are well recognised as a cause of acute morbidity and chronic medical conditions, such as hypertension and renal insufficiency later in adulthood. Although antimicrobial treatm ... Full text Cite

One Health Research in Northern Tanzania - Challenges and Progress.

Journal Article The East African health research journal · January 2017 East Africa has one of the world's fastest growing human populations-many of whom are dependent on livestock-as well as some of the world's largest wildlife populations. Humans, livestock, and wildlife often interact closely, intimately linking human, anim ... Full text Cite

Association of Self-Reported Adherence and Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Among Youth with Virologic Failure in Tanzania

Journal Article Open forum infectious diseases · January 2017 Abstract Background Youth living with HIV (YLWH) struggle to achieve complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Assessing adherence via self-report can over-estimate adherence. Analysis of ART concentration in hair samples objectively ass ... Cite

Comparison of the Estimated Incidence of Acute Leptospirosis in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania between 2007-08 and 2012-14.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · December 2016 BACKGROUND: The sole report of annual leptospirosis incidence in continental Africa of 75-102 cases per 100,000 population is from a study performed in August 2007 through September 2008 in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. To evaluate the stability of t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Providing Safe and Effective Preventative Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to HIV-exposed Newborns via a Novel Drug Delivery System in Tanzania.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · September 2016 BACKGROUND: In developing countries, antiretroviral therapy provides life-saving treatment to HIV-positive women and their children before, during and after birth. However, supply chain challenges such as long distances, medication shortages and nonfacilit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluating mental health difficulties and associated outcomes among HIV-positive adolescents in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Care · July 2016 AIDS-related mortality among HIV-positive adolescents has risen by 50% despite the scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART maladherence likely plays a role in the increase of AIDS-related deaths among adolescents and has shown to be associated with p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with low birth weight in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based retrospective cohort study

Journal Article Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction · March 1, 2016 Objective: To determine the risk factors for low birth weight and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with low birth weight in Northern Tanzania. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed using maternally linked data from Kilimanjaro Christian M ... Full text Cite

A Qualitative Exploration of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Contexts of HIV-Positive Adolescents in Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2016 Although 85% of HIV-positive adolescents reside in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the psychosocial and mental health factors affecting their daily well-being. Identifying these contextual variables is key to development of culturally appropriate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation Of The Antibody In Lymphocyte Supernatant Assay In Detection Of Active Tuberculosis

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE · 2016 Cite

Alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Northern Tanzania 2000-2010: a registry-based study.

Journal Article BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · September 3, 2015 BACKGROUND: Alcohol can be harmful to the development of the foetus. In most developed countries, pregnant women are recommended to abstain from alcohol, however in developing countries, women are less likely to receive these recommendations. With respect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in and socio-demographic factors associated with caesarean section at a Tanzanian referral hospital, 2000 to 2013.

Journal Article Int J Equity Health · October 16, 2014 BACKGROUND: Caesarean section (CS) can prevent maternal or fetal complications. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest CS levels in the world but large variations are seen between and within countries. The tertiary hospital, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recurrence of perinatal death in Northern Tanzania: a registry based cohort study.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · August 2013 BackgroundPerinatal mortality is known to be high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some women may carry a particularly high risk which would be reflected in a high recurrence risk. We aim to estimate the recurrence risk of perinatal death using data from a ... Full text Cite

Recurrence of preterm birth and perinatal mortality in northern Tanzania: registry-based cohort study.

Journal Article Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · August 2013 ObjectivesTo estimate the recurrence risk of preterm delivery and estimate the perinatal mortality in repeated preterm deliveries.MethodsProspective study in Tanzania of 18 176 women who delivered a singleton between 2000 and 2008 at KCMC ... Full text Cite

Recurrence of preeclampsia in northern Tanzania: a registry-based cohort study.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 ObjectivePreeclampsia occurs in about 4 per cent of pregnancies worldwide, and may have particularly serious consequences for women in Africa. Studies in western countries have shown that women with preeclampsia in one pregnancy have a substantial ... Full text Cite

Causes of perinatal death at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Tanzania 2000-2010: a registry based study.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · December 2012 BackgroundPerinatal mortality reflects maternal health as well as antenatal, intrapartum and newborn care, and is an important health indicator. This study aimed at classifying causes of perinatal death in order to identify categories of potential ... Full text Cite

Cause-specific neonatal mortality in a neonatal care unit in Northern Tanzania: a registry based cohort study.

Journal Article BMC pediatrics · August 2012 BackgroundThe current decline in under-five mortality shows an increase in share of neonatal deaths. In order to address neonatal mortality and possibly identify areas of prevention and intervention, we studied causes of admission and cause-specif ... Full text Cite

Transfer of newborns to neonatal care unit: a registry based study in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article BMC pregnancy and childbirth · October 2011 BackgroundReduction in neonatal mortality has been slower than anticipated in many low income countries including Tanzania. Adequate neonatal care may contribute to reduced mortality. We studied factors associated with transfer of babies to a neon ... Full text Cite

Transfer of newborns to neonatal care unit: a registry based study in Northern Tanzania

Conference TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH · 2011 Cite

Predicting virologic failure among HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · August 2010 BACKGROUND: Many HIV care and treatment programs in resource-limited settings rely on clinical and immunologic monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but accuracy of this strategy to detect virologic failure (VF) among children has not been evaluated. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Identifying HIV-infected children who may benefit from early initiation of antiretrovirals

Journal Article Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · November 11, 2009 In resource-limited settings lacking laboratory testing, clinical staging criteria may not identify all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children who could benefit from antiretroviral therapy (ART). A retrospective analysis was conducted to iden ... Full text Cite

Total lymphocyte count and World Health Organization pediatric clinical stage as markers to assess need to initiate antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Moshi, Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · June 2009 BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of clinical staging alone and with total lymphocyte count to identify HIV infected children in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, when CD4 cell count is ... Full text Link to item Cite