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Journal article SSRN Electronic Journal · 2026 Almost a quarter-billion calls are placed to 911 each year in the United States. A large share of them involve social problems, not crimes or emergencies---yet police are dispatched in response. This review traces how the 911 emergency system&a ... Full text Cite

OFFICER-INVOLVED: THE MEDIA LANGUAGE OF POLICE KILLINGS

Journal article Quarterly Journal of Economics · May 1, 2025 This article examines language patterns in U.S. television news coverage of police killings. First, we document that the media use syntactic structures—such as passive voice, nominalizations, and intransitive verbs—that obscure responsibility more often in ... Full text Cite

Political diversity in U.S. police agencies.

Journal article American journal of political science · February 2025 Partisans are divided on policing policy, which may affect officer behavior. We merge rosters from 99 of the 100 largest local U.S. agencies-over one third of local law enforcement agents nationwide-with voter files to study police partisanship. Police ske ... Full text Cite

JUE Insight: Hot temperatures, aggression, and death at the hands of the police: Evidence from the U.S

Journal article Journal of Urban Economics · July 1, 2024 We study the effect of temperature on police-involved civilian deaths in the U.S. from 2000 to 2016. We show that both violent crimes and the number of officers assaulted or killed increase on warmer days (≥17°C), indicating greater personal danger to offi ... Full text Cite

The Black-White Recognition Gap in Award Nominations

Journal article Journal of Labor Economics · January 1, 2024 There is evidence showing racial bias in firms’ hiring decisions, but less is known about bias in career recognition. We construct a dataset from the second-largest US police department to estimate the Black-white gap in award nominations. Leveraging insti ... Full text Cite

Mispricing Narratives after Social Unrest

Journal article CESifo Working Paper · 2024 Cite

Peer Effects in Police Use of Force

Journal article American Economic Journal Economic Policy · January 1, 2023 We study the link between police officers’ on-duty injuries and their peers’ force use using a network of officers who attended the police academy together through a random lottery. On-duty injuries increase the probability of officers using force by 7 per ... Full text Cite

Mispricing Narratives after Social Unrest

Journal article · July 14, 2014 Cite