Scholars@Duke
Brian Shaw

Brian Shaw

Assistant Professor of Surgery
Surgery, Abdominal Transplant Surgery
brian.shaw@duke.edu
Box 3443 Room M114, Yellow Zone, Duke South, Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Back-to-base Versus In-transit Machine Perfusion in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation: Insights From a National Registry.

Journal article Transplant Direct · April 2026 BACKGROUND: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) improves utilization of extended criteria liver grafts, but the optimal delivery strategy-whether in-transit or back-to-base-remains uncertain. METHODS: Adult recipients of donation after circulatory death ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Off-label use of alemtuzumab, belatacept, and rapamycin in kidney transplantation-Long-term real-world experience.

Journal article Am J Transplant · January 2026 Conventional immunosuppressive regimens in kidney transplantation continue to pose significant challenges, largely due to their reliance on calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and corticosteroids. These challenges have driven the search for alternative regimens ... Full text Link to item Cite

Donor-specific mesenchymal stem cell infusion in human and nonhuman primate kidney transplantation.

Journal article Am J Transplant · October 2025 We report the results of 2 independent, concurrently performed studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of donor-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusions in inducing immune-tolerance in nonhuman primate (NHP) and human kidney transplant recipient ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ensuring equity in psychosocial risk assessment for solid organ transplantation: a review.

Journal article Curr Opin Organ Transplant · February 1, 2025 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the different instruments for evaluating the psychosocial health of transplant candidates, the evidence demonstrating how these instruments relate to probability of transplant waitlisting and transplant outcomes, a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prolonged xenokidney graft survival in sensitized NHP recipients by expression of multiple human transgenes in a triple knockout pig.

Journal article Sci Transl Med · June 12, 2024 Genetic modification of porcine donors, combined with optimized immunosuppression, has been shown to improve outcomes of experimental xenotransplant. However, little is known about outcomes in sensitized recipients, a population that could potentially bene ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contemporary trends and outcomes after liver transplantation and resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · May 2024 BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) has been shown to be superior to resection in highly selected patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), yet has traditionally been contraindicated for intrahepatic CCA (iCCA). Herein, we aimed to examine conte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Context Is Everything.

Journal article Transplantation · March 1, 2024 Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence of Kidney Failure after Primary Organ Transplant.

Journal article Kidney360 · January 1, 2024 KEY POINTS: Incidence of ESKD in the first year after primary organ transplant ranges from 2.4% to 3.6% and from 1.4% to 1.8% in the second year post-transplant. National data sources do not currently collect sufficiently reliable follow-up data to identif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring the relationship between website quality and equity in living donor kidney transplant.

Journal article Front Transplant · 2024 BACKGROUND: Health system websites are important resources to guide health care decisions and may be useful tools to improve racial equity in access to living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of adult LDKT progr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evolution of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation: A thirty-year United States perspective.

Journal article Intest Fail · 2024 BACKGROUND: The field of intestinal transplantation has significantly changed since the report of the first successful transplant in 1988. This report seeks to describe the trends in intestinal transplantation utilization and outcomes over time in the Unit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Heart-Kidney Allocation Policy and Proposals Impact Equity of Access for Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease

Journal article Current Transplantation Reports · September 1, 2023 Purpose of Review: To summarize contemporary evidence describing the most appropriate candidates for simultaneous heart kidney transplantation (SHK), estimates of how SHK affects the entire transplantation system and implications of recently enacted SHK al ... Full text Cite

Desensitization and belatacept-based maintenance therapy in pregnancy-sensitized monkeys receiving a kidney transplant.

Journal article Sci Adv · May 19, 2023 Among sensitized patients awaiting a transplant, females are disproportionately represented, partly because of pregnancy-induced sensitization. Using female NHPs sensitized by pregnancy alone, we examined the efficacy of costimulation blockade and proteaso ... Full text Link to item Cite

Textbook Outcome: Definition and Analysis of a Novel Quality Measure in Lung Transplantation.

Journal article Ann Surg · February 1, 2023 OBJECTIVE: To define textbook outcome (TO) for lung transplantation (LTx) using a contemporary cohort from a high-volume institution. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: TO is a standardized, composite quality measure based on multiple postoperative endpoints represe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of the Affordable Care Act on Access to and Outcomes After Kidney or Liver Transplant: A Transplant Registry Study.

Journal article Transplant Proc · 2023 BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion on payor mix among patients on the kidney and liver transplant waiting list as well as waiting list and post-transplant outcomes. DESIGN: Using the Scientific Registry o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Belatacept-Based Maintenance Immunosuppression Controls the Post-Transplant Humoral Immune Response in Highly Sensitized Nonhuman Primates.

Journal article Kidney360 · December 29, 2022 Preexisting donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to MHC antigens increase the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in sensitized transplant recipients and reduces graft survival. Pretransplant desensitization with costimulation blockade and proteasome inhi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Malnutrition and immune cell subsets in children undergoing kidney transplantation.

Journal article Pediatr Transplant · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Malnutrition, including obesity and undernutrition, among children is increasing in prevalence and is common among children on renal replacement therapy. The effect of malnutrition on the pre-transplant immune system and how the pediatric immun ... Full text Link to item Cite

IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling controls exogenous mitochondrion-induced endothelial activation.

Journal article Am J Transplant · June 2022 Mitochondria released from injured cells activate endothelial cells (ECs), fostering inflammatory processes, including allograft rejection. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) senses endogenous mitochondrial DNA, triggering innate immune activation ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Center variations in patient selection for simultaneous heart-kidney transplantation.

Journal article Clin Transplant · May 2022 UNLABELLED: There are no established regulations governing patient selection for simultaneous heart-kidney (SHK) transplantation, creating the potential for significant center-level variations in clinical practice. METHODS: Using the United Network for Org ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single-Cell-Based High-Throughput Ig and TCR Repertoire Sequencing Analysis in Rhesus Macaques.

Journal article J Immunol · February 1, 2022 Recent advancements in microfluidics and high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled recovery of paired H and L chains of Igs and VDJ and VJ chains of TCRs from thousands of single cells simultaneously in humans and mice. Despite rhesus macaques b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Left lateral segment liver volume is not correlated with anthropometric measures.

Journal article HPB (Oxford) · December 2021 BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is definitive therapy for end stage liver disease in pediatric patients. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with the left lateral segment (LLS) is often a feasible option. However, the size of LLS is an important fa ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Historical Cohort in Kidney Transplantation: 55-Year Follow-Up of 72 HLA-Identical, Donor-Recipient Pairs.

Journal article J Clin Med · November 24, 2021 The impact of HLA matching on graft survival has been well characterized in renal transplantation, with a higher degree of matching associated with superior graft survival. Additionally, living donor grafts are known to confer superior survival compared to ... Full text Link to item Cite

HLA Loci and Recurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Journal article Transplant Direct · October 2021 UNLABELLED: Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after kidney transplantation accounts for the majority of allograft failures in children with primary FSGS. Although current research focuses on FSGS pathophysiology, a common etiology and mec ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Age-related effects on thymic output and homeostatic T cell expansion following depletional induction in renal transplant recipients.

Journal article Am J Transplant · September 2021 Thymic output and homeostatic mature cell proliferation both influence T cell repopulation following depletional induction, though the relative contribution of each and their association with recipient age have not been well studied. We investigated the re ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Point-of-Care Assessment of DCD Livers During Normothermic Machine Perfusion in a Nonhuman Primate Model.

Journal article Hepatol Commun · September 2021 Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides clinicians an opportunity to assess marginal livers before transplantation. However, objective criteria and point-of-care (POC) biomarkers to predict risk and guide decision making are lacking. In this investig ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reexamining Risk Aversion: Willingness to Pursue and Utilize Nonideal Donor Livers Among US Donation Service Areas.

Journal article Transplant Direct · September 2021 BACKGROUND: Livers from "nonideal" but acceptable donors are underutilized; however, organ procurement organization (OPO) metrics do not assess how OPO-specific practices contribute to these trends. In this analysis, we evaluated nonideal liver donor avoid ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Impact of Covid-19 on kidney transplant and waiting list patients: Lessons from the first wave of the pandemic.

Journal article Nephrol Ther · August 2021 BACKGROUND: The first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a drastic reduction in kidney transplantation and a profound change in transplant care in France. It is critical for kidney transplant centers to understand the behaviors, concerns and wishes ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Impact of the 2017 Kidney Allocation Policy Change on Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Utilization and Outcomes.

Journal article Liver Transpl · August 2021 Historically in the United States, kidneys for simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT) candidates were allocated with livers, prioritizing SLKT recipients over much of the kidney waiting list. A 2017 change in policy delineated renal function crit ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparative study of human-and rhesus-specific antithymocyte globulins in Rhesus macaques.

Journal article Clin Transplant · August 2021 Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) preparations are widely used in transplantation. They are developed in vivo against thymocytes and contain polyclonal antibodies specific for myriad cellular targets. The rhesus monkey is commonly used as a preclinical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Need for improvements in simultaneous heart-kidney allocation: The limitation of pretransplant glomerular filtration rate.

Journal article Am J Transplant · July 2021 The incidence of simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (SHK) has increased markedly in the last 15 years. There are no universally agreed upon indications for SHK vs. heart alone (HA) transplant, and center evaluation processes vary widely. We utilized Scie ... Full text Link to item Cite

A simple scoring system to estimate perioperative mortality following liver resection for primary liver malignancy-the Hepatectomy Risk Score (HeRS).

Journal article Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr · June 2021 BACKGROUND: Selection of the optimal treatment modality for primary liver cancers remains complex, balancing patient condition, liver function, and extent of disease. In individuals with preserved liver function, liver resection remains the primary approac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Definition and Analysis of Textbook Outcome: A Novel Quality Measure in Kidney Transplantation.

Journal article World J Surg · May 2021 BACKGROUND: "Textbook outcome" (TO) is a novel composite quality measure that encompasses multiple postoperative endpoints, representing the ideal "textbook" hospitalization for complex surgical procedures. We defined TO for kidney transplantation using a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Functional Characteristics and Phenotypic Plasticity of CD57+PD1- CD4 T Cells and Their Relationship with Transplant Immunosuppression.

Journal article J Immunol · April 1, 2021 Costimulation blockade (CoB)-based immunosuppression offers the promise of improved transplantation outcomes with reduced drug toxicity. However, it is hampered by early acute rejections, mediated at least in part by differentiated, CoB-resistant T cells, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship between antithymocyte globulin, T cell phenotypes, and clinical outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation.

Journal article Am J Transplant · February 2021 Depletional induction using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) reduces rates of acute rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients, yet little is known about its effects in children. Using a longitudinal cohort of 103 patients in the Immune Development in Ped ... Full text Link to item Cite

Measuring the Impact of Targeting FcRn-Mediated IgG Recycling on Donor-Specific Alloantibodies in a Sensitized NHP Model.

Journal article Front Immunol · 2021 BACKGROUND: In transplantation, plasmapheresis and IVIg provide the mainstay of treatment directed at reducing or removing circulating donor-specific antibody (DSA), yet both have limitations. We sought to test the efficacy of targeting the IgG recycling m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cellular Therapies in Solid Organ Allotransplantation: Promise and Pitfalls.

Journal article Front Immunol · 2021 Donor specific transfusions have been the basis of tolerance inducing protocols since Peter Medawar showed that it was experimentally feasible in the 1950s. Though trials of cellular therapies have become increasingly common in solid organ transplantation, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor Burden Score to Stratify Prognosis after Liver Transplantation.

Journal article Cancers (Basel) · November 14, 2020 Liver transplantation (LT) remains a mainstay of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor factors such as size and number of tumors define eligibility for LT using the Milan criteria. The tumor burden score (TBS) incorporates both tumor number a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Decreased graft loss following implementation of the kidney allocation score (KAS).

Journal article Am J Surg · November 2020 BACKGROUND: The Kidney Allocation System (KAS) was developed to improve equity and utility in organ allocation. We examine the effect of this change on kidney graft distribution and survival. METHODS: UNOS data was used to identify first-time adult recipie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Textbook Outcomes in Liver Transplantation.

Journal article World J Surg · October 2020 BACKGROUND: Textbook outcome (TO) is an emerging concept within multiple surgical domains, which represents a novel effort to define a standardized, composite quality benchmark based on multiple postoperative endpoints that represent the ideal "textbook" h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation Between Veterans Affairs and Civilian Hospitals: Considerations in the Context of the MISSION Act.

Journal article Ann Surg · September 1, 2020 OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare kidney transplantation outcomes between Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA transplant centers. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Transplant care at the VA has previously been scrutinized due to geographic and systematic barriers. The r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Primary thoracic chondrosarcoma with intra-abdominal extension in a renal transplant recipient: A case report.

Journal article Molecular and clinical oncology · July 2020 Primary thoracic bone tumors are relatively rare. The most common type is chondrosarcoma, accounting for up to 48% of all cases. Patients with primary thoracic bone tumors commonly present with atypical thoracic pain or a solitary palpable chest mass, whic ... Full text Cite

Correlation of preoperative imaging characteristics with donor outcomes and operative difficulty in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Journal article Am J Transplant · March 2020 This study aimed to understand the relationship of preoperative measurements and risk factors on operative time and outcomes of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Two hundred forty-two kidney donors between 2010 and 2017 were identified. Patients' demographic ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

An age-independent gene signature for monitoring acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

Journal article Theranostics · 2020 Acute rejection (AR) remains a significant problem that negatively impacts long-term renal allograft survival. Numerous therapies are used to prevent AR that differ by center and recipient age. This variability confounds diagnostic methods. Methods: To dev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Surgical Resection of Native Viscera to Manage Persistent Ascites after Multivisceral Transplant.

Journal article Case Rep Transplant · 2020 Multivisceral transplantation is the therapy of choice in patients with diffuse portomesenteric thrombosis. In the present case, we describe a patient who had persistent ascites after multivisceral transplant. The patient was initially diagnosed with a chy ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Journal article In Vivo · 2020 BACKGROUND: Outcomes after kidney transplantation (KTx) remain limited by delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection. Non-invasive biomarkers may help identify patients at increased risk for these events. We examined the association between the syste ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Kidney Xenotransplantation: Steps toward Clinical Application.

Journal article Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · April 5, 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Donor derived HSV hepatitis in a kidney transplant recipient leading to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension.

Journal article Transpl Infect Dis · February 2019 The unexpected transmission of donor-derived infection through organ transplantation is a rare event with current donor screening practices. In this case report we describe a probable donor-derived transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-2 via deceased ... Full text Link to item Cite

A long-term experience with expansion of Milan criteria for liver transplant recipients.

Journal article Clinical transplantation · June 2018 The Milan criteria (MC) have historically determined eligibility for transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Region 4 expanded the criteria for transplantation in HCC to include a single tumor ≤6 cm o ... Full text Cite

A Formula to Calculate Standard Liver Volume Using Thoracoabdominal Circumference

Journal article Transplantation Direct · December 2017 BackgroundWith the use of split liver grafts as well as living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) it is imperative to know the minimum graft volume to avoid complications. Most current fo ... Full text Cite

Geospatial relationship of road traffic crashes and healthcare facilities with trauma surgical capabilities in Nairobi, Kenya: defining gaps in coverage.

Journal article Trauma surgery & acute care open · January 2017 BackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Access to timely emergency services is needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality of RTIs and other traumatic injuri ... Full text Cite

Brief Report: HIV-1 gp120 T-Cell Responses Correspond to Infection Outcomes in the Global iPrEx Chemoprophylaxis Trial.

Journal article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · June 1, 2016 Association of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses to infection risk in seronegative individuals is controversial. We quantified and phenotypically characterized gp120-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1 exposed, but uninfected subjects enrolled in the global P ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perceived Quality of Care of Community Health Worker and Facility-Based Health Worker Management of Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years in Western Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Multidimensional Study.

Journal article Am J Trop Med Hyg · May 4, 2016 Integrated community case management (iCCM) programs that train lay community health workers (CHWs) in the diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea, malaria, and pneumonia have been increasingly adopted throughout sub-Saharan Africa to provide services in areas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent HIV Type 1 Seronegative Status Is Associated With Lower CD8+ T-Cell Activation.

Journal article J Infect Dis · February 15, 2016 We leveraged data from the Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEx), a global trial of preexposure chemoprophylaxis against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, to compare T-cell activation between those who remained negative for HIV-1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Action Research Program: Experiential Learning in Systems-Based Practice for First-Year Medical Students.

Journal article Teach Learn Med · 2016 PROBLEM: Systems-based practice focuses on the organization, financing, and delivery of medical services. The American Association of Medical Colleges has recommended that systems-based practice be incorporated into medical schools' curricula. However, exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cellular immune correlates analysis of an HIV-1 preexposure prophylaxis trial.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 7, 2015 HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in exposed seronegative subjects suggest that a viral breach of the exposure site is more common than current transmission rates would suggest and that host immunity can extinguish subsequent infection foci. The Preexposure ... Full text Link to item Cite