Candice Yang Johnson | Scholars@Duke

Candice Yang Johnson
Assistant Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health

Candice Johnson is an epidemiologist who studies how workplace exposures and work-related policies affect the health of workers and their families. Her research interests include bathroom access at work, access to paid leave, employment during pregnancy, LGBTQ+ worker health, and occupational health inequities.

Before coming to Duke, Dr. Johnson spent two years as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer and six years as an Epidemiologist at CDC’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health where she studied workplace hazards in populations such as flight attendants, teachers, and nurses. She also deployed in support of CDC's Ebola and Zika virus responses. Dr. Johnson received her PhD in Epidemiology from Emory University and MSc in Epidemiology from the University of Ottawa (Canada).

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Assistant Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Clinical Science Departments 2021

Contact Information

Box 104006 DUMC, Durham, NC 27705
P.O. Box 17969, Durham, NC 27705
candice.y.johnson@duke.edu (919) 613-1466

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Emory University 2012
- M.S., University of Ottawa (Canada) 2008
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Clinical Science Departments 2020
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Occupational Medicine Program Area of the NC OSHERC awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2017 - 2027
- Operation Deep Dive awarded by America's Warrior Partnership 2022 - 2026
External Relationships
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Southeast Atlantic College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- UNC - Chapel Hill
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Burkel VK, Newton SM, Acosta J, Valencia D, Benavides M, Tong VT, et al. Zika virus knowledge, attitudes and prevention behaviors among pregnant women in the ZEN cohort study, Colombia, 2017-2018. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Mar 2;
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  - Johnson CY, Said K, Price AE, Darcey D, Østbye T. Paid sick leave among US private sector employees. Am J Ind Med. 2022 Sep;65(9):743–8.
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  - Siegel MR, Rocheleau CM, Broadwater K, Santiago-Colón A, Johnson CY, Herdt ML, et al. Maternal occupation as a nail technician or hairdresser during pregnancy and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Occup Environ Med. 2022 Jan;79(1):17–23.
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  - Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Howley MM, Chiu SK, Arnold KE, Ailes EC. Characteristics of Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021 Nov;30(11):1556–64.
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  - Ding M, Lawson C, Johnson C, Rich-Edwards J, Gaskins AJ, Boiano J, et al. Occupational exposure to high-level disinfectants and risk of miscarriage among nurses. Occup Environ Med. 2021 Oct;78(10):731–7.
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  - Johnson CY, Chin HB. RE: "A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE ACADEMIC MEMBERSHIP FOR ALL". Am J Epidemiol. 2021 May 4;190(5):949.
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  - Johnson CY, Honein MA, Rasmussen SA, Howards PP, Strickland MJ, Flanders WD, et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and spina bifida: Potential contributions of bias. Birth Defects Res. 2021 May;113(8):633–43.
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  - Nassan FL, Chavarro JE, Johnson CY, Boiano JM, Rocheleau CM, Rich-Edwards JW, et al. Prepregnancy handling of antineoplastic drugs and risk of miscarriage in female nurses. Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Jan;53:95-102.e2.
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  - Zhou Y, Sinnathamby V, Yu Y, Sikora L, Johnson CY, Mossey P, et al. Folate intake, markers of folate status and oral clefts: An updated set of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Birth Defects Res. 2020 Nov;112(19):1699–719.
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  - Johnson CY, Chin HB. Improving Diversity and Promoting Inclusion in the Society for Epidemiologic Research Through Choice of Conference Location. Am J Epidemiol. 2020 Oct 1;189(10):1030–2.
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  - Siegel M, Johnson CY, Lawson CC, Ridenour M, Hartley D. Nonfatal Violent Workplace Crime Characteristics and Rates by Occupation - United States, 2007-2015. Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Mar 27;69(12):324–8.
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  - Johnson CY, Tanz LJ, Lawson CC, Schernhammer ES, Vetter C, Rich-Edwards JW. Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses. Am J Ind Med. 2020 Mar;63(3):240–8.
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  - Johnson CY, Tanz LJ, Lawson CC, Howards PP, Bertone-Johnson ER, Eliassen AH, et al. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in nurses working night shifts. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2020;75(3):136–43.
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  - Nassan FL, Lawson CC, Gaskins AJ, Johnson CY, Boiano JM, Rich-Edwards JW, et al. Administration of antineoplastic drugs and fecundity in female nurses. Am J Ind Med. 2019 Aug;62(8):672–9.
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  - Siegel M, Rocheleau CM, Johnson CY, Waters MA, Lawson CC, Riehle-Colarusso T, et al. Maternal Occupational Oil Mist Exposure and Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997⁻2011. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 May 4;16(9).
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  - Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Grajewski B, Howards PP. Structure and Control of Healthy Worker Effects in Studies of Pregnancy Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Mar 1;188(3):562–9.
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  - Lawson CC, Johnson CY, Nassan FL, Connor TH, Boiano JM, Rocheleau CM, et al. CE: Original Research: Antineoplastic Drug Administration by Pregnant and Nonpregnant Nurses: An Exploration of the Use of Protective Gloves and Gowns. Am J Nurs. 2019 Jan;119(1):28–35.
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  - Johnson CY, Howards PP, Strickland MJ, Waller DK, Flanders WD, National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Multiple bias analysis using logistic regression: an example from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;28(8):510–4.
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  - Soeters HM, Koivogui L, de Beer L, Johnson CY, Diaby D, Ouedraogo A, et al. Infection prevention and control training and capacity building during the Ebola epidemic in Guinea. Plos One. 2018;13(2):e0193291.
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  - Mossey PA, Little J, Steegers-Theunissen R, Molloy A, Peterlin B, Shaw WC, et al. Genetic Interactions in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Europe-EUROCRAN Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017 Nov;54(6):623–30.
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  - Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Lawson CC, Grajewski B, Howards PP. Factors affecting workforce participation and healthy worker biases in U.S. women and men. Ann Epidemiol. 2017 Sep;27(9):558-562.e2.
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  - Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Stewart PA, Lawson CC, et al. Agreement between two methods for retrospective assessment of occupational exposure intensity to six chlorinated solvents: Data from The National Birth Defects Prevention Study. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2017 May;14(5):389–96.
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  - Razzaghi H, Tinker SC, Herring AH, Howards PP, Waller DK, Johnson CY, et al. Impact of Missing Data for Body Mass Index in an Epidemiologic Study. Matern Child Health J. 2016 Jul;20(7):1497–505.
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  - Grajewski B, Rocheleau CM, Lawson CC, Johnson CY. "Will my work affect my pregnancy?" Resources for anticipating and answering patients' questions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 May;214(5):597–602.
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  - Johnson CY, Grajewski B, Lawson CC, Whelan EA, Bertke SJ, Tseng C-Y. Occupational risk factors for endometriosis in a cohort of flight attendants. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016 Jan;42(1):52–60.
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  - Johnson CY, Grajewski B. Bias from Differential Exposure Measurement Error in a Study of Flight Attendants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 Nov;86(11):990–3.
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  - Grinnell M, Dixon MG, Patton M, Fitter D, Bilivogui P, Johnson C, et al. Ebola Virus Disease in Health Care Workers--Guinea, 2014. Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Oct 2;64(38):1083–7.
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  - Johnson CY, Luckhaupt SE, Lawson CC. Inequities in workplace secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking women of reproductive age. Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):e33–40.
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  - Howards PP, Johnson CY, Honein MA, Flanders WD, National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Adjusting for bias due to incomplete case ascertainment in case-control studies of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Apr 15;181(8):595–607.
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  - Lawson CC, Johnson CY, Chavarro JE, Lividoti Hibert EN, Whelan EA, Rocheleau CM, et al. Work schedule and physically demanding work in relation to menstrual function: the Nurses' Health Study 3. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2015 Mar;41(2):194–203.
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  - Chin HB, Johnson CY, Kim KH, Knight JH, Mertens AC, Mink PJ, et al. Piloting a computer assisted telephone interview: the FUCHSIA Women's Study. Bmc Womens Health. 2014 Nov 30;14:149.
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  - Johnson CY, Flanders WD, Strickland MJ, Honein MA, Howards PP. Potential sensitivity of bias analysis results to incorrect assumptions of nondifferential or differential binary exposure misclassification. Epidemiology. 2014 Nov;25(6):902–9.
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  - Brinker K, Head CA, Johnson CY, Funk RH. Injuries and illnesses among American Red Cross responders-United States, 2008-2012. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014 Oct;8(5):404–10.
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  - Ailes EC, Gilboa SM, Riehle-Colarusso T, Johnson CY, Hobbs CA, Correa A, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of nonsyndromic congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn. 2014 Mar;34(3):214–22.
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  - Johnson CY, Howards PP. Causal pie bingo!. Epidemiology. 2013 Mar;24(2):331.
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  - Johnson CY, Honein MA, Dana Flanders W, Howards PP, Oakley GP, Rasmussen SA. Pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida: a systematic review of the literature. Birth Defects Res a Clin Mol Teratol. 2012 Nov;94(11):857–63.
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  - Dennis J, Johnson CY, Adediran AS, de Andrade M, Heit JA, Morange P-E, et al. The endothelial protein C receptor (PROCR) Ser219Gly variant and risk of common thrombotic disorders: a HuGE review and meta-analysis of evidence from observational studies. Blood. 2012 Mar 8;119(10):2392–400.
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  - Flanders WD, Johnson CY, Howards PP, Greenland S. Dependence of confounding on the target population: a modification of causal graphs to account for co-action. Ann Epidemiol. 2011 Sep;21(9):698–705.
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  - Johnson CY, Tuite A, Morange PE, Tregouet DA, Gagnon F. The factor XII -4C>T variant and risk of common thrombotic disorders: A HuGE review and meta-analysis of evidence from observational studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Jan 15;173(2):136–44.
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  - Johnson CY, Sharp L, Cotton SC, Harris CA, Gray NM, Little J, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and anxiety: analyses in women with low-grade cervical cytological abnormalities unaware of their infection status. Plos One. 2011;6(6):e21046.
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  - Johnson CY, Rasmussen SA. Non-genetic risk factors for holoprosencephaly. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2010 Feb 15;154C(1):73–85.
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  - Johnson CY, Honein MA, Hobbs CA, Rasmussen SA, National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1998-2004. Prenat Diagn. 2009 Sep;29(9):833–9.
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  - Lowry RB, Johnson CY, Gagnon F, Little J. Segregation analysis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the First Nations (Amerindian) people of British Columbia and review of isolated cleft palate etiologies. Birth Defects Res a Clin Mol Teratol. 2009 Jun;85(6):568–73.
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  - Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, et al. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 3;150(3):206–15.
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  - Johnson CY, Little J. Folate intake, markers of folate status and oral clefts: is the evidence converging? Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Oct;37(5):1041–58.
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- Book Sections
  - Rocheleau CM, Johnson CY, Lawson CC, Whelan EA. Risk Assessment Studies: Epidemiology. In: Comprehensive Toxicology: Third Edition. 2018. p. 414–25.
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  - Campbell H, Hawken S, Theodoratou E, Demarsh A, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, et al. Colorectal cancer. In: Human Genome Epidemiology: Building the Evidence for Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease: Second Edition. 2010.
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  - Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, Elm EV, et al. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA)-an extension of the STROBE statement. In: Human Genome Epidemiology: Building the Evidence for Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease: Second Edition. 2010.
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- Preprints
  - Johnson CY, Fujishiro K. Identifying occupational health inequities in the absence of suitable data: are there inequities in access to adequate bathrooms in U.S. workplaces? Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 2023.
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Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

Subject Headings

Selected Grants

External Relationships

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Book Sections

Preprints