Carol Anne Colton

Journal article ASN Neuro · November 30, 2011 Featured Publication While the presence of an inflammatory response in AD (Alzheimer's disease) is well known, the data on inflammation are conflicting, suggesting that inflammation either attenuates pathology, exacerbates it or has no effect. Our goal was to more fully charac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response.

Journal article J Leukoc Biol · June 2011 Featured Publication The role of redox molecules, such as NO and ROS, as key mediators of immunity has recently garnered renewed interest and appreciation. To regulate immune responses, these species trigger the eradication of pathogens on the one hand and modulate immunosuppr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhanced capillary amyloid angiopathy-associated pathology in Tg-SwDI mice with deleted nitric oxide synthase 2.

Journal article Stroke · October 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Type 1 is characterized by amyloid β protein deposition along cerebral capillaries and is accompanied by perivascular neuroinflammation and accumulation of phospho-tau protein. Tg-SwDI mice recapitulate c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing activation states in microglia.

Journal article CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets · April 2010 Featured Publication Since the original identification of microglia as a principal player in the brain's innate immune response, microglial activation has been widely studied. Recent studies suggest that microglial responses are heterogeneous, requiring a more precise definiti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneity of microglial activation in the innate immune response in the brain.

Journal article J Neuroimmune Pharmacol · December 2009 Featured Publication The immune response in the brain has been widely investigated and while many studies have focused on the proinflammatory cytotoxic response, the brain's innate immune system demonstrates significant heterogeneity. Microglia, like other tissue macrophages, ... Full text Link to item Cite

APOE genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response.

Journal article Neurobiol Aging · September 2009 Featured Publication Apolipoprotein-E protein is an endogenous immunomodulatory agent that affects both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Since individuals with the APOE4 gene demonstrate worsened pathology and poorer outcomes in many neurological disorders, we exa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amyloid reduction by amyloid-beta vaccination also reduces mouse tau pathology and protects from neuron loss in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article J Neurosci · June 24, 2009 Featured Publication Shown to lower amyloid deposits and improve cognition in APP transgenic mouse models, immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to limitations in available animal models, however, it has been unclea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vascular amyloid alters astrocytic water and potassium channels in mouse models and humans with Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article Neuroscience · March 31, 2009 Featured Publication The neurovascular unit (NVU) comprises cerebral blood vessels and surrounding astrocytes, neurons, perivascular microglia and pericytes. Astrocytes associated with the NVU are responsible for maintaining cerebral blood flow and ionic and osmotic balances i ... Full text Link to item Cite

The APOE4 genotype alters the response of microglia and macrophages to 17beta-estradiol.

Journal article Neurobiol Aging · December 2008 Featured Publication The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene is a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. Post-menopausal women with AD who express at least one APOE4 gene have more severe neuropathology and worsened cognitive scores th ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of NOS2 gene deletion on mice expressing mutated human AbetaPP.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · December 2008 Featured Publication Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and its gene product, inducible NOS (iNOS) play an important role in neuroinflammation by generating nitric oxide (NO), a critical signaling and redox factor in the brain. Although NO is associated with tissue damage, it can ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progression of amyloid pathology to Alzheimer's disease pathology in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic mouse model by removal of nitric oxide synthase 2.

Journal article J Neurosci · February 13, 2008 Featured Publication Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by three primary pathologies in the brain: amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron loss. Mouse models have been useful for studying components of AD but are limited in their ability to fully recapitula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Androgen-mediated immune function is altered by the apolipoprotein E gene.

Journal article Endocrinology · July 2007 Featured Publication Androgens, like estrogens, have been linked to neuroprotective effects in the brain and to the improvement of cognitive function. Part of this effect may be due to the action of androgens on the innate immune response. We have examined the action of dihydr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Expression profiles for macrophage alternative activation genes in AD and in mouse models of AD.

Journal article J Neuroinflammation · September 27, 2006 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Microglia are associated with neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD) and serve as a primary component of the innate immune response in the brain. Neuritic plaques are fibrous deposits composed of the amyloid beta-peptide fragments (Abeta) o ... Full text Link to item Cite

NO synthase 2 (NOS2) deletion promotes multiple pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · August 22, 2006 Featured Publication Alzheimer's disease is characterized by two primary pathological features: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The interconnection between amyloid and tau aggregates is of intense interest, but mouse models have yet to reveal a direct interrelatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of NO and cytokine production in immune-activated microglia and peritoneal macrophages derived from a mouse model expressing the human NOS2 gene on a mouse NOS2 knockout background.

Journal article Antioxid Redox Signal · 2006 Featured Publication Significant differences exist in the production and release of nitric oxide (NO) from human macrophages versus macrophages of mouse origin. Human macrophages have been shown to respond poorly to stimuli that provoke strong inflammatory reactions from mouse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Y+ and y+ L arginine transporters in neuronal cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase.

Journal article Biochim Biophys Acta · August 15, 2005 Featured Publication Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that serves as sole substrate for enzymes involved in diverse cell processes including redox balance via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cell proliferation via arginase. Neurons that express nNOS require intracellula ... Full text Link to item Cite