Caroline Sloan
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Caroline is a General Internist. Her clinical interests are in primary care for vulnerable populations and patients with multiple chronic conditions. Her research interests focus on the role that money plays in medical decision-making. She has studied the impact of Medicare payment reform on the way dialysis facilities provide care to patients with end-stage kidney disease, as well as the ways that doctors and patients communicate about and make decisions based on out-of-pocket costs.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2021
- Assistant Professor in Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Basic Science Departments 2021
- Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 2022
- Core Faculty Member, Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke - Margolis Center For Health Policy, Initiatives 2022
Contact Information
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Residency, Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine 2015 - 2018
- M.D., University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine 2015
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Medicine 2019 - 2021
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Improving medication adherence and disease control for patients with multimorbidity: the role of price transparency tools awarded by National Institutes of Health 2023 - 2027
- An out-of-pocket cost transparency tool to increase access to affordable medications for patients with multiple chronic conditions awarded by University of Massachusetts Medical School 2022 - 2023
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External Relationships
- Harvard University
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Sloan, Caroline E., and Peter A. Ubel. “Patients want to talk about their out-of-pocket costs-Can real-time benefit tools help?” J Am Geriatr Soc 71, no. 5 (May 2023): 1365–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18342.Full Text Link to Item
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Hung, Anna, Caroline E. Sloan, Cynthia Boyd, Elizabeth A. Bayliss, Susan N. Hastings, and Matthew L. Maciejewski. “Deprescribing medications: Do out-of-pocket costs have a role?” J Am Geriatr Soc 70, no. 11 (November 2022): 3334–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17974.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Virginia, Lindsay Zepel, Bradley G. Hammill, Abby Hoffman, Caroline E. Sloan, and Matthew L. Maciejewski. “Rates of Medicare Enrollment Among Dialysis Patients After Implementation of Medicare Payment Reform and the Affordable Care Act Marketplace.” Jama Netw Open 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): e2232118. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32118.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Sophia Gutterman, J Kelly Davis, Ada Campagna, Kathryn I. Pollak, Mary Carol Barks, Taruni Santanam, et al. “How can healthcare organizations improve cost-of-care conversations? A qualitative exploration of clinicians' perspectives.” Patient Educ Couns 105, no. 8 (August 2022): 2708–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2022.04.005.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Abby Hoffman, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Cynthia J. Coffman, Justin G. Trogdon, and Virginia Wang. “Trends in Dialysis Industry Consolidation After Medicare Payment Reform, 2006-2016.” Jama Health Forum 2, no. 11 (November 2021): e213626. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.3626.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Lorena Millo, Sophia Gutterman, and Peter A. Ubel. “Accuracy of Physician Estimates of Out-of-Pocket Costs for Medication Filling.” Jama Netw Open 4, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): e2133188. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33188.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Cynthia J. Coffman, Linda L. Sanders, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Shoou-Yih D. Lee, Richard A. Hirth, and Virginia Wang. “Trends in Regional Supply of Peritoneal Dialysis in an Era of Health Reform, 2006 to 2013.” Med Care Res Rev 78, no. 3 (June 2021): 281–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720910633.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Virginia, Cynthia J. Coffman, Linda L. Sanders, Abby Hoffman, Caroline E. Sloan, Shoou-Yih D. Lee, Richard A. Hirth, and Matthew L. Maciejewski. “Comparing Mortality of Peritoneal and Hemodialysis Patients in an Era of Medicare Payment Reform.” Med Care 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 155–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001457.Full Text Link to Item
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Bourmont, Shalila S. de, Arun Burra, Sarah S. Nouri, Neveen El-Farra, Dinushika Mohottige, Caroline Sloan, Sarah Schaeffer, Jodi Friedman, and Alicia Fernandez. “Resident Physician Experiences With and Responses to Biased Patients.” Jama Netw Open 3, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): e2021769. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21769.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Judy Zhong, Dinushika Mohottige, Rasheeda Hall, Clarissa J. Diamantidis, Leight E. Boulware, and Virginia Wang. “Fragmentation of care as a barrier to optimal ESKD management.” Semin Dial 33, no. 6 (November 2020): 440–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12929.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline, Karen M. Stechuchak, Maren K. Olsen, Eugene Z. Oddone, Laura J. Damschroder, and Matthew L. Maciejewski. “Short-Term VA Health Care Expenditures Following a Health Risk Assessment and Coaching Trial.” J Gen Intern Med 35, no. 5 (May 2020): 1452–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05455-z.Full Text Link to Item
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Hoffman, Abby, Caroline E. Sloan, Matthew L. Maciejewski, and Virginia Wang. “Medicare Enrollment Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease Receiving Dialysis in Outpatient Facilities Between 2005 and 2016.” Jama 323, no. 13 (April 7, 2020): 1314–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0704.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Cynthia J. Coffman, Linda L. Sanders, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Shoou-Yih D. Lee, Richard A. Hirth, and Virginia Wang. “Trends in Peritoneal Dialysis Use in the United States after Medicare Payment Reform.” Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 14, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 1763–72. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.05910519.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., and Peter A. Ubel. “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Cost-of-Care Conversations.” Ann Intern Med 170, no. 9_Suppl (May 7, 2019): S33–35. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0537.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline, and S Yousuf Zafar. “Ask Early and Ask Often: How Discussing Costs Could Save Your Patient's Life.” N C Med J 79, no. 1 (2018): 39–42. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.1.39.Full Text Link to Item
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Koenig, H. C., K. Mounzer, G. W. Daughtridge, C. E. Sloan, L. Lalley-Chareczko, G. S. Moorthy, S. C. Conyngham, A. F. Zuppa, L. J. Montaner, and P. Tebas. “Urine assay for tenofovir to monitor adherence in real time to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine as pre-exposure prophylaxis.” Hiv Med 18, no. 6 (July 2017): 412–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12518.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Seetharam C. Chadalavada, Darco Lalevic, Tessa S. Cook, and Hanna M. Zafar. “Referring Provider Perceptions of Standardized Reporting for Possible Abdominal Cancer.” J Am Coll Radiol 14, no. 5 (May 2017): 654-658.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.10.022.Full Text Link to Item
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Cook, Tessa S., Darco Lalevic, Caroline Sloan, Seetharam C. Chadalavada, Curtis P. Langlotz, Mitchell D. Schnall, and Hanna M. Zafar. “Implementation of an Automated Radiology Recommendation-Tracking Engine for Abdominal Imaging Findings of Possible Cancer.” J Am Coll Radiol 14, no. 5 (May 2017): 629–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.024.Full Text Link to Item
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Santo, Eilann C., Peter J. Dunbar, Caroline E. Sloan, Tessa S. Cook, Darco Lalevic, and Hanna M. Zafar. “Initial Effectiveness of a Monitoring System to Correctly Identify Inappropriate Lack of Follow-Up for Abdominal Imaging Findings of Possible Cancer.” J Am Coll Radiol 13, no. 12 Pt A (December 2016): 1505-1508.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.016.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Marlise R. Luskin, Anne M. Boccuti, Alison R. Sehgal, Jianhua Zhao, Robert D. Daber, Jennifer J. D. Morrissette, et al. “A Modified Integrated Genetic Model for Risk Prediction in Younger Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.” Plos One 11, no. 4 (2016): e0153016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153016.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Shaina Bernard, and Irving Nachamkin. “Appropriateness of expectorated sputum cultures in the hospital setting.” Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 83, no. 1 (September 2015): 74–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.009.Full Text Link to Item
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Zafar, Hanna M., Seetharam C. Chadalavada, Charles E. Kahn, Tessa S. Cook, Caroline E. Sloan, Darco Lalevic, Curtis P. Langlotz, and Mitchell D. Schnall. “Code Abdomen: An Assessment Coding Scheme for Abdominal Imaging Findings Possibly Representing Cancer.” J Am Coll Radiol 12, no. 9 (September 2015): 947–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.04.005.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline, Qun-Bin Xiong, Anne Crivaro, Sharon Steinman, and Adam Bagg. “Multifocal mantle cell lymphoma in situ in the setting of a composite lymphoma.” Am J Clin Pathol 143, no. 2 (February 2015): 274–82. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCP06VIKFMTRCXD.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Seetharam C. Chadalavada, Tessa S. Cook, Curtis P. Langlotz, Mitchell D. Schnall, and Hanna M. Zafar. “Assessment of follow-up completeness and notification preferences for imaging findings of possible cancer: what happens after radiologists submit their reports?” Acad Radiol 21, no. 12 (December 2014): 1579–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2014.07.006.Full Text Link to Item
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Sloan, Caroline E., Karen Champenois, Philippe Choisy, Elena Losina, Rochelle P. Walensky, Bruce R. Schackman, Faiza Ajana, et al. “Newer drugs and earlier treatment: impact on lifetime cost of care for HIV-infected adults.” Aids 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834dce6e.Full Text Link to Item
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Vanga-Bosson, Henriette A., Patrick A. Coffie, Serge Kanhon, Caroline Sloan, Firmin Kouakou, Serge P. Eholie, Moussa Kone, François Dabis, Hervé Menan, and Didier K. Ekouevi. “Coverage of intermittent prevention treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine among pregnant women and congenital malaria in Côte d'Ivoire.” Malar J 10 (April 29, 2011): 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-105.Full Text Link to Item
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Messou, Eugène, Marie-Laure Chaix, Delphine Gabillard, Albert Minga, Elena Losina, Vincent Yapo, Martial Kouakou, et al. “Association between medication possession ratio, virologic failure and drug resistance in HIV-1-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Côte d'Ivoire.” J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 56, no. 4 (April 2011): 356–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182084b5a.Full Text Link to Item
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Chu, Jennifer, Caroline E. Sloan, Kenneth A. Freedberg, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, and Elena Losina. “Drug efficacy by direct and adjusted indirect comparison to placebo: An illustration by Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis in HIV.” Aids Res Ther 8 (March 10, 2011): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-8-14.Full Text Link to Item
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Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Caroline E. Sloan, Cécile Charlois-Ou, Stéphane Le Vu, Caroline Semaille, Dominique Costagliola, Josiane Pillonel, et al. “Routine HIV screening in France: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness.” Plos One 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): e13132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013132.Full Text Link to Item
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Loubiere, Sandrine, Constance Meiners, Caroline Sloan, Kenneth A. Freedberg, and Yazdan Yazdanpanah. “Economic evaluation of ART in resource-limited countries.” Curr Opin Hiv Aids 5, no. 3 (May 2010): 225–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e3283384a9d.Full Text Link to Item
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Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Lindsey L. Wolf, Xavier Anglaret, Delphine Gabillard, Rochelle P. Walensky, Raoul Moh, Christine Danel, et al. “CD4+ T-cell-guided structured treatment interruptions of antiretroviral therapy in HIV disease: projecting beyond clinical trials.” Antivir Ther 15, no. 3 (2010): 351–61. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP1542.Full Text Link to Item
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Sax, Paul E., Caroline E. Sloan, Bruce R. Schackman, Philip M. Grant, Jian Rong, Andrew R. Zolopa, William Powderly, Elena Losina, Kenneth A. Freedberg, and Kenneth A. Cepac US And Actg A5164 Investigators. “Early antiretroviral therapy for patients with acute aids-related opportunistic infections: a cost-effectiveness analysis of ACTG A5164.” Hiv Clin Trials 11, no. 5 (2010): 248–59. https://doi.org/10.1310/hct1105-248.Full Text Link to Item
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Deuffic-Burban, Sylvie, Xavier Lenne, Benoit Dervaux, Benoit Julien Poissy, Xavier Lemaire, Caroline Sloan, Fabrice Carrat, Jean-Claude Desenclos, Jean-Francois Delfraissy, and Yazdan Yazdanpanah. “Targeted vs. systematic early antiviral treatment against A(H1N1)v influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors in patients with influenza-like symptoms: Clinical and economic impact.” Plos Currents 1 (October 27, 2009): RRN1121–RRN1121. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.rrn1121.Full Text
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Paltiel, A David, Kenneth A. Freedberg, Callie A. Scott, Bruce R. Schackman, Elena Losina, Bingxia Wang, George R. Seage, Caroline E. Sloan, Paul E. Sax, and Rochelle P. Walensky. “HIV preexposure prophylaxis in the United States: impact on lifetime infection risk, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.” Clin Infect Dis 48, no. 6 (March 15, 2009): 806–15. https://doi.org/10.1086/597095.Full Text Link to Item
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