Charles Douglas Scales Jr.

Charles Douglas Scales Jr.
Associate Professor of Surgery

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Urology, Surgery 2017
Associate Professor Track V in Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Basic Science Departments 2018
Membership in the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Institutes and Centers 2013

Contact Information

40 Medicine Circle, Duke South, White Zone, Suite 1570, Durham, NC 27707
DUMC 3707, Durham, NC 27710
chuck.scales@duke.edu (919) 684-1999

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundatin/VA Scholar, University of California School of Medicine 2011 - 2013
- Resident, Urology, Duke University 2006 - 2011
- Intern, Surgery, Duke University 2005 - 2006
- Research Associate, Urology, Duke University 2004 - 2005
- M.D., Duke University School of Medicine 2004
Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Urology, Surgery 2013 - 2017
Recognition
In the News
- MAR 24, 2015 Philly.com, HealthDay News
  
  Kidney stones can send patients to hospital more than once
- SEP 18, 2014 Reuters
  
  Dr. Charles Scales comments: Study finds ultrasound as good as CT for initial diagnosis of kidney stones
- MAY 19, 2014
  
  Non-Invasive Lithotripsy Leads to More Treatment for Kidney Stones
- APR 29, 2014 HealthDay News
  
  Complications fairly common, costly with some kidney stone treatments
- APR 28, 2014
  
  Complications From Kidney Stone Treatments Are Common And Costly
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke KURe Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2023
- Urinary Stone Disease Research Network: Scientific Data Research Center awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Bladder Cancer in Older Adults - Treatment and Outcomes awarded by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, LP 2016 - 2017
- Urinary Dysfunction in the Elderly: Informing Accountable Urologic Care awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2017
- The Jahnigen Career Development Award (JCDA) awarded by American Geriatrics Society 2014 - 2016
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Kaplan, AG, Scales, CD, Lipkin, ME, and Preminger, GM. "How do I set up a stone clinic?." In Practical Tips in Urology, 333-339. January 1, 2016. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, and Cone, E. "Acute Renal Colic and Medical Expulsive Therapy." In Pocket Guide to Kidney Stone Prevention Dietary and Medical Therapy. Springer, November 1, 2014. (Chapter)
  - Scales, CD. "Epidemiology of stone disease." In Clinical Management of Urolithiasis, 1-8. January 1, 2013. Full Text
  - Lipkin, ME, Scales, CD, and Preminger, GM. "Video Imaging and Documentation." In Smith's Textbook of Endourology: 3rd Edition, 19-37. January 5, 2012. Full Text
  - Jr, CDS, and Penson, DF. "Clinical Trials in Urology." 12-17. 2010. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - Dinan, MA, Georgieva, M, Shenolikar, R, and Scales, CD. "Real-world systemic therapy utilization in Medicare patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma." February 20, 2018. Full Text
  - Hobbs, KT, Hammill, B, Wollin, D, Preminger, GM, Lipkin, ME, Schmader, KE, Scales, and Jr., CD. "MP95-05 INCREASING UTILIZATION OF CARE FOR URINARY STONE DISEASE IN OLDER ADULTS." April 2017. Full Text
  - Youssef, RF, Martin, JW, Sakhaee, K, Poindexter, J, Vernez, SL, Dutta, R, Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "MP01-19 RECENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC TRENDS IN STONE DISEASE: RISING HYPOCITRATURIA AND HYPEROXALURIA." April 2017. Full Text
  - Chen, TT, Webster, W, Shahsahebi, M, Lipkin, ME, Preminger, GM, Hull, SK, and Scales, CD. "PD10-07 FASTER CARE FOR LESS? COST MODEL OF HEMATURIA CARE REDESIGN." April 2016. Full Text
  - Cone, EB, Hammill, B, Kaplan, AG, Dale, J, Routh, JC, Lipkin, ME, Preminger, GM, Schmader, K, and Scales, CD. "PD47-06 DISPROPORTIONATE USE OF INPATIENT CARE BY OLDER ADULTS WITH URINARY STONE DISEASE." April 2016. Full Text
  - Reed, S, Biehn Stewart, S, Scales, C, and Moul, J. "Use of PSA Slope to Guide Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Post-Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer has Potential to be Cost Effective." May 2014. Full Text
  - Wang, AJ, Lipkin, ME, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, and Preminger, GM. "USE OF A NOVEL ANTI-RETROPULSION DEVICE FOR URETEROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF URETERAL STONES." November 2011. Link to Item
  - Dinan, MA, Robinson, TJ, Zagar, TM, Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Reed, SD, Schulman, KA, and Lee, WR. "Financial implications of changes in the initial treatment of prostate cancer among Medicare beneficiaries." May 20, 2011. Full Text
  - Mancini, JG, Raymundo, MEM, Lipkin, ME, Ferrandino, MN, Scales, CD, Gerardo, C, and Preminger, GM. "WHAT FACTORS CAN BETTER PREDICT THE INCIDENCE OF UROSEPSIS FOLLOWING AN ACUTE STONE EPISODE?." September 2010. Link to Item
  - Jr, SCD, Shea, AM, Curtis, LH, Ferrandino, MN, Zilberman, DE, Schulman, KA, and Preminger, GM. "VARIATION IN IMAGING UTILIZATION FOR URINARY LITHIASIS IN THE UNITED STATES." April 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Robinson, MR, Jr, SCD, Lack, BD, Ferrandino, MN, Zilberman, DE, and Preminger, GM. "DOES RISING URINE PH INCREASE THE STONE FORMATION RATE?." April 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ferrandino, MN, Pierre, SA, Bagrodia, A, Rampersaud, E, Scales, CD, Pearle, MS, and Preminger, GM. "Radiation exposure in the acute and short-term management of urolithiasis: A multi-institutional review." April 2008. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Calhoun, EA, Assimos, DG, Lingernan, JE, Nakada, SY, Pearle, MS, Kim, M, Byrne, TW, and Preminger, GM. "Practice patterns in surgical therapy for urinary lithiasis." April 2008. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Schulman, KA, Freedland, SJ, and Krupski, TL. "UTILIZATION OF LYMPH NODE DISSECTION WITH RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN THE UNITED STATES." April 2008. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Terris, MK, Aronson, WJ, Presti, JC, Kane, CJ, Amling, CL, Krupski, TL, and Freedland, SJ. "DOES PRACTICE REFLECT THE EVIDENCE? LYMPH NODE DISSECTION WITH RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: RESULTS FROM THE SEARCH DATABASE." April 2008. Full Text
  - Dahm, P, Kuebler, HR, Fesperman, SF, Sur, RL, Jr, SCD, Vieweg, JW, and Preminger, GM. "Barriers to the practice of evidence based urology in the United States." April 2007. Link to Item
  - Jr, SCD, Norris, RD, Vieweg, JW, Preminger, GM, Peterson, BL, and Dahm, P. "Evaluating the evidence: Statistical analysis in randomized controlled trials in the urology literature." April 2007. Link to Item
  - Robinson, MR, Leitao, VA, Jr, SCD, Haleblian, GE, Chandrashekar, A, Pierre, SA, and Preminger, GM. "Long term potassium citrate therapy does impact urine pH." April 2007. Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Amling, CL, Kane, CJ, Presti, JC, Terris, MK, Aronson, WJ, and Freedland, SJ. "Can unilateral prostate cancer be reliably predicted based upon biopsy features?." April 2006. Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Kang, D, Munver, R, Auge, BK, Ekeruo, W, Haleblian, GE, Sur, RL, Albala, DM, and Preminger, GM. "Changing practice patterns for the surgical management of renal calculi." April 2006. Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Peterson, B, Preminger, GM, and Dahm, P. "Evaluating the evidence: Statistical methods in the urology literature." April 2006. Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Peterson, B, Vieweg, J, Preminger, GM, and Dahm, P. "Evaluating the evidence: Randomized controlled trial reporting in the urologic literature." April 2006. Link to Item
  - Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Haleblian, GE, Jones, PJ, Borawski, KM, Eisenstein, EL, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "Local cost structures and the economics of robot assisted radical prostatectomy." April 2006. Link to Item
  - L'esperance, JO, Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Norris, RD, Scales, CD, Robertson, CR, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "A comparison of renal function following hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy and open nephrectomy in patients with a normal contralateral kidney." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Maloney, ME, Zhong, P, Marguet, CG, Zhou, YF, Sung, JC, Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Cantor, DA, Jones, PJ, and Preminger, GM. "Treatment strategy improves the in vivo stone comminution efficiency and reduces renal tissue injury during shock wave lithotripsy." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Norris, RD, L'Esperance, JO, Sung, JC, Maloney, ME, Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Jones, PJ, Cantor, DA, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "A controlled survival study evaluating the effects of Tisseel, or a combination of Floseal and Tisseel, on both major vascular injury and major collecting system injury during partial nephrectomy in a porcine model." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Norris, RD, Albala, DM, and Preminger, GM. "Changing gender prevalence of nephrolithiasis." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Springhart, WP, Maloney, ME, Sur, RL, Norris, RD, Scales, CD, Cantor, DA, Jones, PJ, Albala, DM, and Preminger, GM. "Digital video ureteroscope: A new paradigm in ureteroscopy." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Springhart, WP, Sung, JC, Marguet, CG, L'Esperance, JO, Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Jones, PJ, Cantor, DA, Albala, DM, and Preminger, GM. "Location and etiology of flexible and semi-rigid ureteroscope damage." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Norris, RD, Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "Significant variation in medical therapy treatment rates explained by local market factors." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Sung, JC, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "Significant variation in BPH-surgical rates explained by medical therapy rates, health resources and sociodemographic factors." April 2005. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Scales, CD. "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology (September 19, 2018). Full Text
  - Wollin, DA, Gupta, RT, Young, B, Cone, E, Kaplan, A, Marin, D, Patel, BN, Mazurowski, MA, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Abdominal Radiography With Digital Tomosynthesis: An Alternative to Computed Tomography for Identification of Urinary Calculi?." Urology (July 10, 2018). Full Text
  - Kurtzman, JT, Song, L, Ross, ME, Scales, CD, Chu, DI, and Tasian, GE. "Urology Consultation and Emergency Department Revisits for Children with Urinary Stone Disease." The Journal of Urology 200, no. 1 (July 2018): 180-186. Full Text
  - Venkatesh, AK, Scales, CD, and Heilbrun, ME. "From Ruling Out to Ruling In: Putting POCUS in Focus." Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (February 10, 2018). Full Text
  - Cabrera, FJ, Shin, RH, Waisanen, KM, Nguyen, G, Wang, C, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, Preminger, GM, Yoshizumi, TT, and Lipkin, ME. "Comparison of Radiation Exposure from Fixed Table Fluoroscopy to a Portable C-Arm During Ureteroscopy." Journal of Endourology 31, no. 9 (September 2017): 835-840. Full Text
  - Iqbal, MW, Shin, RH, Youssef, RF, Kaplan, AG, Cabrera, FJ, Hanna, J, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Should metabolic evaluation be performed in patients with struvite stones?." Urolithiasis 45, no. 2 (April 2017): 185-192. Full Text
  - Dale, J, Kaplan, AG, Radvak, D, Shin, R, Ackerman, A, Chen, T, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, Simmons, WN, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Evaluation of a Novel Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope." Journal of endourology (March 2017). Full Text
  - Schoenfeld, EM, Pekow, PS, Shieh, M-S, Scales, CD, Lagu, T, and Lindenauer, PK. "The Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Renal Colic across a Sample of US Hospitals: High CT Utilization Despite Low Rates of Admission and Inpatient Urologic Intervention." Plos One 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): e0169160-null. Full Text
  - Narayan, VM, Cone, EB, Smith, D, Scales, CD, and Dahm, P. "Improved Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Urologic Literature." European urology 70, no. 6 (December 2016): 1044-1049. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Tasian, GE, Schwaderer, AL, Goldfarb, DS, Star, RA, and Kirkali, Z. "Urinary Stone Disease: Advancing Knowledge, Patient Care, and Population Health." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : Cjasn 11, no. 7 (July 2016): 1305-1312. (Review) Full Text
  - Carroll, PR, Parsons, JK, Andriole, G, Bahnson, RR, Castle, EP, Catalona, WJ, Dahl, DM, Davis, JW, Epstein, JI, Etzioni, RB, Farrington, T, Hemstreet, GP, Kawachi, MH, Kim, S, Lange, PH, Loughlin, KR, Lowrance, W, Maroni, P, Mohler, J, Morgan, TM, Moses, KA, Nadler, RB, Poch, M, Scales, C, Shaneyfelt, TM, Smaldone, MC, Sonn, G, Sprenkle, P, Vickers, AJ, Wake, R, Shead, DA, and Freedman-Cass, DA. "NCCN Guidelines Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 2.2016." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : Jnccn 14, no. 5 (May 2016): 509-519. Full Text
  - Cabrera, FJ, Kaplan, AG, Youssef, RF, Tsivian, M, Shin, RH, Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Digital Tomosynthesis: A Viable Alternative to Noncontrast Computed Tomography for the Follow-Up of Nephrolithiasis?." Journal of endourology 30, no. 4 (April 2016): 366-370. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Moin, T, Fink, A, Berry, SH, Afsar-Manesh, N, Mangione, CM, and Kerfoot, BP. "A randomized, controlled trial of team-based competition to increase learner participation in quality-improvement education." International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care 28, no. 2 (April 2016): 227-232. Full Text
  - Kaplan, AG, Lipkin, ME, Scales, CD, and Preminger, GM. "Use of ureteral access sheaths in ureteroscopy." Nature Reviews. Urology 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 135-140. (Review) Full Text
  - Shin, RH, Cabrera, FJ, Nguyen, G, Wang, C, Youssef, RF, Scales, CD, Ferrandino, MN, Preminger, GM, Yoshizumi, TT, and Lipkin, ME. "Radiation Dosimetry for Ureteroscopy Patients: A Phantom Study Comparing the Standard and Obese Patient Models." Journal of Endourology 30, no. 1 (January 2016): 57-62. Full Text
  - Carroll, PR, Parsons, JK, Andriole, G, Bahnson, RR, Barocas, DA, Castle, EP, Catalona, WJ, Dahl, DM, Davis, JW, Epstein, JI, Etzioni, RB, Farrington, T, Hemstreet, GP, Kawachi, MH, Lange, PH, Loughlin, KR, Lowrance, W, Maroni, P, Mohler, J, Morgan, TM, Nadler, RB, Poch, M, Scales, C, Shaneyfelt, TM, Smaldone, MC, Sonn, G, Sprenke, P, Vickers, AJ, Wake, R, Shead, DA, and Freedman-Cass, D. "NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 2.2015." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : Jnccn 13, no. 12 (December 2015): 1534-1561. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Bergman, J, Carter, S, Jack, G, Saigal, CS, Litwin, MS, and NIDDK Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "Quality of Acute Care for Patients With Urinary Stones in the United States." Urology 86, no. 5 (November 2015): 914-921. Full Text
  - Chen, TT, Wang, C, Ferrandino, MN, Scales, CD, Yoshizumi, TT, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Radiation Exposure during the Evaluation and Management of Nephrolithiasis." The Journal of Urology 194, no. 4 (October 2015): 878-885. (Review) Full Text
  - Wang, H-HS, Wiener, JS, Lipkin, ME, Scales, CD, Ross, SS, and Routh, JC. "Estimating the nationwide, hospital based economic impact of pediatric urolithiasis." The Journal of urology 193, no. 5 Suppl (May 2015): 1855-1859. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Lin, L, Saigal, CS, Bennett, CJ, Ponce, NA, Mangione, CM, Litwin, MS, and NIDDK Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "Emergency department revisits for patients with kidney stones in California." Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 22, no. 4 (April 2015): 468-474. Full Text
  - Youssef, RF, Neisius, A, Goldsmith, ZG, Ghaffar, M, Tsivian, M, Shin, RH, Cabrera, F, Ferrandino, MN, Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, and Lipkin, ME. "Clinical outcomes after ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients who initially presented with urosepsis: matched pair comparison with elective ureteroscopy." Journal of Endourology 28, no. 12 (December 2014): 1439-1443. Full Text
  - Carroll, PR, Parsons, JK, Andriole, G, Bahnson, RR, Barocas, DA, Catalona, WJ, Dahl, DM, Davis, JW, Epstein, JI, Etzioni, RB, Giri, VN, Hemstreet, GP, Kawachi, MH, Lange, PH, Loughlin, KR, Lowrance, W, Maroni, P, Mohler, J, Morgan, TM, Nadler, RB, Poch, M, Scales, C, Shanefelt, TM, Vickers, AJ, Wake, R, Shead, DA, Ho, M, and National comprehensive cancer network, . "Prostate cancer early detection, version 1.2014. Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : Jnccn 12, no. 9 (September 2014): 1211-1219. Full Text
  - Reed, SD, Stewart, SB, Scales, CD, and Moul, JW. "A framework to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the NADiA ProsVue slope to guide adjuvant radiotherapy among men with high-risk characteristics following prostatectomy for prostate cancer." Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 17, no. 5 (July 2014): 545-554. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Lai, JC, Dick, AW, Hanley, JM, van Meijgaard, J, Setodji, CM, Saigal, CS, and Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "Comparative effectiveness of shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for treating patients with kidney stones." JAMA surgery 149, no. 7 (July 2014): 648-653. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Saigal, CS, Hanley, JM, Dick, AW, Setodji, CM, Litwin, MS, and NIDDK Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "The impact of unplanned postprocedure visits in the management of patients with urinary stones." Surgery 155, no. 5 (May 2014): 769-775. Full Text
  - Bergman, J, Neuhausen, K, Chamie, K, Scales, CD, Carter, S, Kwan, L, Lerman, SE, Aronson, W, and Litwin, MS. "Building a medical neighborhood in the safety net: an innovative technology improves hematuria workups." Urology 82, no. 6 (December 2013): 1277-1282. Full Text
  - Bergman, J, Lorenz, KA, Acquah-Asare, S, Scales, CD, Ryan, G, Saigal, CS, Bennett, CJ, and Litwin, MS. "Urologist attitudes toward end-of-life care." Urology 82, no. 1 (2013): 48-52. Full Text
  - Bergman, J, Neuhausen, K, Chamie, K, Scales, CD, Carter, S, Kwan, L, Lerman, SE, Aronson, W, and Litwin, MS. "Building a medical neighborhood in the safety net: An innovative technology improves hematuria workups." Urology 82, no. 6 (2013): 1277-1282. Full Text
  - Jr, CDS. "Practice patterns in the management of urinary lithiasis." Current Urology Reports 14, no. 2 (2013): 154-157. Full Text
  - Lavallée, LT, Fergusson, D, Dahm, P, Scales, CD, Witiuk, K, and Breau, RH. "Diagnostic tests in urology: urine cytology." Bju International 110, no. 11 Pt C (December 2012): E789-E791. Full Text
  - Peterson, AC, Curtis, LH, Shea, AM, Borawski, KM, Schulman, KA, and Scales, CD. "Urinary diversion in patients with spinal cord injury in the United States." Urology 80, no. 6 (December 2012): 1247-1251. Full Text Link to Item
  - Stewart, SB, Scales, CD, Moul, JW, and Reed, SD. "Does variation in either age at start of therapy or duration of therapy make chemoprevention with finasteride cost-effective?." Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 15, no. 4 (December 2012): 380-385. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Smith, AC, Hanley, JM, Saigal, CS, and Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States." European Urology 62, no. 1 (July 2012): 160-165. Full Text
  - Dinan, MA, Robinson, TJ, Zagar, TM, Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Reed, SD, Lee, WR, and Schulman, KA. "Changes in initial treatment for prostate cancer among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2007." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82, no. 5 (April 1, 2012): e781-e786. Full Text Link to Item
  - Breau, RH, Jr, CDS, and Dahm, P. "Diagnostic tests in urology: An introduction." BJU International 110, no. 11 C (2012): E792-E793. Full Text
  - McNamara, ER, and Scales, CD. "Role of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in evidence-based clinical practice." Indian J Urol 27, no. 4 (October 2011): 520-524. Full Text Link to Item
  - Stewart, SB, Dahm, P, and Scales, CD. "How to appraise the effectiveness of treatment." Indian J Urol 27, no. 4 (October 2011): 525-531. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Krupski, TL, Curtis, LH, Matlaga, B, Lotan, Y, Pearle, MS, Saigal, C, Preminger, GM, and Urologic Diseases in America Project, . "Practice variation in the surgical management of urinary lithiasis." J Urol 186, no. 1 (July 2011): 146-150. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, and Canfield, SE. "Advanced topics in evidence-based urological oncology: using results of a subgroup analysis." Urol Oncol 29, no. 4 (July 2011): 462-466. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Wiener, JS, Antonelli, J, Shea, AM, Curtis, LH, Schulman, KA, Krupski, TL, and Scales, CD. "Bladder augmentation versus urinary diversion in patients with spina bifida in the United States." J Urol 186, no. 1 (July 2011): 161-165. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, and International Evidence-Based Urology Working Group, . "Education and training in evidence-based urology." World J Urol 29, no. 3 (June 2011): 325-329. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Dinan, MA, Robinson, TJ, Zagar, TM, Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Reed, SD, Schulman, KA, and Lee, WR. "Financial implications of changes in the initial treatment of prostate cancer among Medicare beneficiaries." Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15_suppl (May 2011): 6115-.
  - Reed, SD, Scales, CD, Stewart, SB, Sun, J, Moul, JW, Schulman, KA, and Xu, J. "Effects of family history and genetic polymorphism on the cost-effectiveness of chemoprevention with finasteride for prostate cancer." J Urol 185, no. 3 (March 2011): 841-847. Full Text Link to Item
  - Barnett, JC, Judd, JP, Wu, JM, Scales, CD, Myers, ER, and Havrilesky, LJ. "Cost comparison among robotic, laparoscopic, and open hysterectomy for endometrial cancer." Obstet Gynecol 116, no. 3 (September 2010): 685-693. Full Text Link to Item
  - MacDonald, SL, Jr, SCD, Dahm, P, and Grp, EBUW. "Evidence-based urology in practice: P-values vs confidence intervals." BJU INTERNATIONAL 106, no. 6 (September 2010): 758-759. Full Text Link to Item
  - Breau, RH, Gaboury, I, Scales, CD, Fesperman, SF, Watterson, JD, and Dahm, P. "Reporting of harm in randomized controlled trials published in the urological literature." The Journal of Urology 183, no. 5 (May 2010): 1693-1697. (Review) Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Chandrashekar, AS, Robinson, MR, Cantor, DA, Sullivan, J, Haleblian, GE, Leitao, VA, Sur, RL, Borawski, KM, Koeberl, D, Kishnani, PS, and Preminger, GM. "Stone forming risk factors in patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease." J Urol 183, no. 3 (March 2010): 1022-1025. Full Text Link to Item
  - Jr, SCD, Zarei, M, Dahm, P, and Grp, EBUW. "Evidence-based urology in practice: likelihood ratios." BJU INTERNATIONAL 104, no. 7 (October 2009): 892-894. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Zarei, M, Dahm, P, and Evidence Based Urology Working Group, . "Evidence-based urology in practice: likelihood ratios." BJU Int 104, no. 7 (October 2009): 892-894. Full Text Link to Item
  - Robinson, MR, Leitao, VA, Haleblian, GE, Scales, CD, Chandrashekar, A, Pierre, SA, and Preminger, GM. "Impact of long-term potassium citrate therapy on urinary profiles and recurrent stone formation." J Urol 181, no. 3 (March 2009): 1145-1150. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dahm, P, Preminger, GM, Scales, CD, Fesperman, SF, Yeung, LL, and Cohen, MS. "Evidence-based medicine training in residency: a survey of urology programme directors." BJU Int 103, no. 3 (February 2009): 290-293. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ferrandino, MN, Bagrodia, A, Pierre, SA, Scales, CD, Rampersaud, E, Pearle, MS, and Preminger, GM. "Radiation exposure in the acute and short-term management of urolithiasis at 2 academic centers." J Urol 181, no. 2 (February 2009): 668-672. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, and Wiener, JS. "Evaluating outcomes of enterocystoplasty in patients with spina bifida: a review of the literature." J Urol 180, no. 6 (December 2008): 2323-2329. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Preminger, GM, Vieweg, J, Peterson, BL, and Dahm, P. "Evaluating the evidence: statistical methods in randomized controlled trials in the urological literature." J Urol 180, no. 4 (October 2008): 1463-1467. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Antonelli, J, Curtis, LH, Schulman, KA, and Moul, JW. "Prostate-specific antigen screening among young men in the United States." Cancer 113, no. 6 (September 15, 2008): 1315-1323. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Dahm, P, Sultan, S, Campbell-Scherer, D, and Devereaux, PJ. "How to use an article about a diagnostic test." The Journal of Urology 180, no. 2 (August 2008): 469-476. (Review) Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Voils, CI, Fesperman, SF, Sur, RL, Kübler, H, Preminger, GM, and Dahm, P. "Barriers to the practice of evidence-based urology." J Urol 179, no. 6 (June 2008): 2345-2349. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, and Dahm, P. "The critical use of population-based medical databases for prostate cancer research." Curr Opin Urol 18, no. 3 (May 2008): 320-325. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Moul, JW, Curtis, LH, Elkin, EP, Hughes, ME, Carroll, PR, and CaPSURE Investigators, . "Prostate cancer in the Baby Boomer generation: results from CaPSURE." Urology 70, no. 6 (December 2007): 1162-1167. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Presti, JC, Kane, CJ, Terris, MK, Aronson, WJ, Amling, CL, Freedland, SJ, and SEARCH Database Study Group, . "Predicting unilateral prostate cancer based on biopsy features: implications for focal ablative therapy--results from the SEARCH database." The Journal of Urology 178, no. 4 Pt 1 (October 2007): 1249-1252. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, Keitz, SA, and Dahm, P. "Evidence based clinical practice: a primer for urologists." J Urol 178, no. 3 Pt 1 (September 2007): 775-782. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Norris, RD, Springhart, WP, Sur, RL, Schulman, KA, and Preminger, GM. "Changing gender prevalence of stone disease." The Journal of Urology 177, no. 3 (March 2007): 979-982. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Norris, RD, Keitz, SA, Peterson, BL, Preminger, GM, Vieweg, J, and Dahm, P. "A critical assessment of the quality of reporting of randomized, controlled trials in the urology literature." J Urol 177, no. 3 (March 2007): 1090-1094. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Norris, RD, Schulman, KA, Dahm, P, and Moul, JW. "Relationship between body mass index and prostate cancer screening in the United States." J Urol 177, no. 2 (February 2007): 493-498. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Fein, S, Muir, AJ, and Rockey, DC. "Clinical utilization of digital rectal examination and fecal occult blood testing upon hospital admission." J Clin Gastroenterol 40, no. 10 (November 2006): 913-918. Full Text Link to Item
  - Sur, RL, Scales, CD, Preminger, GM, and Dahm, P. "Evidence-based medicine: a survey of American Urological Association members." J Urol 176, no. 3 (September 2006): 1127-1134. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD, Curtis, LH, Norris, RD, Schulman, KA, Albala, DM, and Moul, JW. "Prostate specific antigen testing in men older than 75 years in the United States." J Urol 176, no. 2 (August 2006): 511-514. Full Text Link to Item
  - Jr, CDS, Peterson, B, and Dahm, P. "Interpreting Statistics in the Urological Literature." Journal of Urology 176, no. 5 (2006): 1938-1945. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Jones, PJ, Eisenstein, EL, Preminger, GM, and Albala, DM. "Local cost structures and the economics of robot assisted radical prostatectomy." J Urol 174, no. 6 (December 2005): 2323-2329. Full Text Link to Item
  - L'esperance, JO, Ekeruo, WO, Scales, CD, Marguet, CG, Springhart, WP, Maloney, ME, Albala, DM, and Preminger, GM. "Effect of ureteral access sheath on stone-free rates in patients undergoing ureteroscopic management of renal calculi." Urology 66, no. 2 (August 2005): 252-255. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, Springhart, WP, Young, MD, Anger, JT, Leder, RA, and Preminger, GM. "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis presenting as bladder outlet obstruction." Urology 65, no. 3 (March 2005): 589-590. Full Text Link to Item
  - Jr, CDS, Norris, RD, Peterson, BL, Preminger, GM, and Dahm, P. "Clinical research and statistical methods in the urology literature." Journal of Urology 174, no. 4 I (2005): 1374-1379. Full Text
  - Alman, BA. "Editorial comment." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , no. 401 (2002): 2-3.
  - Cone, EB, Hammill, BG, Routh, JC, Lipkin, ME, Preminger, GM, Schmader, KE, and Scales, CD. "Disproportionate Use of Inpatient Care by Older Adults With Kidney Stones." Urology (June 23, 2018). Full Text
- Other Articles
  - Jr, SCD. "Factors Influencing Readmission after Elective Ureteroscopy EDITORIAL COMMENT." JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 195, no. 5 (May 2016): 1491-1491. Full Text Link to Item
  - Scales, CD. "Editorial Comment." The Journal of urology 195, no. 5 (May 2016): 1491-. Full Text
  - Scales, CD, and Schulman, KA. "Triggering management for quality improvement." Health services research 49, no. 5 (October 2014): 1401-1406. Full Text
  - Jr, CDS. "Editorial comment." Journal of Urology 189, no. 2 (2013): 519-520. Full Text
  - Stewart, SB, Scales, CD, and Moul, JW. "Health policy: Health-care implications of resident duty-hour restrictions." Nat Rev Urol 6, no. 12 (December 2009): 635-636. Full Text Link to Item
  - Jr, CDS, and Preminger, GM. "Editorial Comment." Urology 73, no. 4 (2009): 724--. Full Text
  - Mesrobian, H-GO. "Re: A Critical Assessment of the Quality of Reporting of Randomized, Controlled Trials in the Urology Literature." The Journal of Urology 179, no. 6 (June 2008): 2488-2489. Full Text
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- MMCI 540: Managerial Analysis 2018

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