Overview
Charles D. Scales, Jr., MD MSHS FACS is Associate Dean for Clinical Research Initiatives and Associate Professor of Urology and Population Health Science. He completed medical school and residency training in urology at Duke University. After residency, Dr. Scales completed the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program at UCLA, where he received advanced training in health services research, health policy, and quality of care. He teaches these skills to future generations through the Duke Master of Management in Clinical Informatics (MMCi) degree program, and in 2025 will present his course, “Data, Information, and Health Care Transformation” for the 10th consecutive year.
From the research perspective, Dr. Scales has a longstanding interest in the epidemiology of and patient care for urinary stone disease. Recent studies have redefined the epidemiology of urinary stone disease in the United States, compared the effectiveness of dominant stone removal technologies, and identified new opportunities for improving patient-centered and policy-relevant outcomes, such as unplanned care after procedural interventions. His research and perspective on urinary stone disease has been highlighted in U.S. News & World Report, Reuters, NPR, and the Wall Street Journal, among other media outlets.
Currently, Dr. Scales leads a diverse health services and clinical research program at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, where he is the Principal Investigator for the Scientific Data and Research Center for the NIDDK Urinary Stone Disease Research Network (U01). Within the USDRN, he leads the multicenter Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) randomized clinical trial, which is the largest randomized controlled stone prevention trial to date, and the multicenter Study to Enhance Understanding of Stent-Associated Symptoms (STENTS) cohort study.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
Recent Publications
Price transparency & out-of-pocket payments for medications: Implications of associated delivery fees in the United States.
Journal Article Health Policy Open · June 2026 BACKGROUND: Price transparency has been cited as a tool to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments to patients. These tools for prescription drugs often focus on the price to patients for the drug alone. However, costs associated with drug delivery (i.e. infus ... Full text Link to item CiteThermal injury and treatment efficiency during thulium fiber laser lithotripsy: insights from an in vivo porcine model.
Journal Article World J Urol · January 11, 2026 PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk of thermal injury and the treatment efficiency during thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy of renal and ureteral stone phantoms in an in vivo porcine model. METHODS: BegoStone phantoms were sequentially implanted and treated ... Full text Link to item CitePostoperative Symptom Severity and Time Course After Bilateral Ureteroscopy With Stents: Results From the Study to Enhance Understanding of Stent-associated Symptoms.
Journal Article Urology · January 2026 OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare stent-associated symptoms after unilateral vs bilateral ureteroscopy with ureteral stent placement for stone treatment. METHODS: Participants enrolled in the Study to Enhance Understanding of Stent-Associated Symptoms (STEN ... Full text Link to item CiteRecent Grants
1/3 CTSA UM1 at Duke University
ResearchCore Leader · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2025 - 20322/3 CTSA K12 Program at Duke University
ResearchMentor · Awarded by National Institutes of Health · 2025 - 2030UrogynCREST Program
ResearchMentor · Awarded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · 2019 - 2029View All Grants