Scholars@Duke
Curtis J. Richardson

Curtis J. Richardson

John O. Blackburn Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Environmental Natural Science
Box 90333, Durham, NC 27708-0333
A219A Lev Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Rethinking calibration as a statistical estimation problem to improve measurement accuracy.

Journal article Analytica chimica acta · October 2025 Calibration in analytical chemistry is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of measurements. Proper calibration strategies minimize errors, enhance reproducibility, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Without it, data integri ... Full text Cite

Temperature and Water Levels Collectively Regulate Methane Emissions From Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands

Journal article Global Biogeochemical Cycles · March 1, 2025 Wetlands are the largest and most climate-sensitive natural sources of methane. Accurately estimating wetland methane emissions involves reconciling inversion (“top-down”) and process-based (“bottom-up”) models within the global methane budget. However, es ... Full text Cite

Water quality and wetland vegetation responses to water level variations in a university stormwater reuse reservoir: Nature-based approaches to campus water sustainability.

Journal article The Science of the total environment · October 2024 In response to climate-driven water shortages, Duke University in 2014 constructed a water reuse reservoir and wetland complex (Pond) to capture urban stormwater and recycle water to provide campus cooling and reduce downstream loading of nutrients and sed ... Full text Cite

Identifying driving hydrogeomorphic factors of coastal wetland downgrading using random forest classification models.

Journal article The Science of the total environment · October 2023 Coastal wetlands provide critical ecosystem services but are experiencing disruptions caused by inundation and saltwater intrusion under intensified climate change, sea-level rise, and anthropogenic activities. Recent studies have shown that these disturba ... Full text Cite

The effects of hydrologic restoration on carbon budgets and GHG fluxes in southeastern US coastal shrub bogs

Journal article Ecological Engineering · September 1, 2023 The southeastern US coastal plain was originally home to over one million ha of evergreen shrub bogs, locally known as pocosin. More than 70% have been drained for agriculture and forestry. These drained peatlands release GHGs to the atmosphere, mainly as ... Full text Cite

Annual carbon sequestration and loss rates under altered hydrology and fire regimes in southeastern USA pocosin peatlands.

Journal article Global change biology · November 2022 Peatlands drained for agriculture or forestry are susceptible to the rapid release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through enhanced microbial decomposition and increased frequency of deep peat fires. We present evidence that rewetting drained subtropical wooded ... Full text Cite

Vegetation and microbes interact to preserve carbon in many wooded peatlands

Journal article Communications Earth and Environment · December 1, 2021 Peatlands have persisted as massive carbon sinks over millennia, even during past periods of climate change. The commonly accepted theory of abiotic controls (mainly anoxia and low temperature) over carbon decomposition cannot fully explain how vast low-la ... Full text Open Access Cite

The Effects of Hydrological Management on Methane Emissions from Southeastern Shrub Bogs of the USA

Journal article Wetlands. · October 2021 Peatlands are responsible for the majority of methane (CH₄) emission from wetlands globally. Hydrological changes induced by climatic and anthropogenic disturbance may substantially alter CH₄ emission in peatlands. Here we measured CH₄ emission monthly for ... Full text Cite

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

Journal article Plant and Soil · September 1, 2021 Purpose: Wildfire, an increasing disturbance in peatlands, could dramatically change carbon stocks and reshape plant/microbial communities, with long-lasting effects on peatland functions. Soil fungi are important in controlling the belowground carbon and ... Full text Open Access Cite

Response of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from peatlands to permafrost thawing in Xiaoxing’an mountains, Northeast China

Journal article Atmosphere · February 1, 2021 Permafrost thawing may lead to the release of carbon and nitrogen in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the form of greenhouse gases. Our research aims to reveal the effects of permafrost thawing on CH4 and N2 ... Full text Cite

Low-severity fire as a mechanism of organic matter protection in global peatlands: Thermal alteration slows decomposition.

Journal article Global change biology · July 2020 Worldwide, regularly recurring wildfires shape many peatland ecosystems to the extent that fire-adapted species often dominate plant communities, suggesting that wildfire is an integral part of peatland ecology rather than an anomaly. The most destructive ... Full text Open Access Cite

Phosphorous removal improvements and cost reductions leveraging cationic polymers and anionic polyacrylamides in Chemically Enhanced Treatment Wetland (CETW) systems

Journal article Ecological Engineering · March 1, 2020 Many wetland systems worldwide struggle with high nutrient influx from urban and agricultural inputs that often disturbs ecosystem balance. In the Florida Everglades, concentrations above 15 μg P L−1 have been shown to affect ecosystem balance a ... Full text Cite

Differential Reactivity of Copper- and Gold-Based Nanomaterials Controls Their Seasonal Biogeochemical Cycling and Fate in a Freshwater Wetland Mesocosm.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · February 2020 Reliable predictions of the environmental fate and risk of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) require a better understanding of ENM reactivity in complex, biologically active systems for chronic low-concentration exposure scenarios. Here, simulated freshwater ... Full text Cite

Quantification of Peat Thickness and Stored Carbon at the Landscape Scale in Tropical Peatlands: A Comparison of Airborne Geophysics and an Empirical Topographic Method

Journal article Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface · December 1, 2019 Peatlands play a key role in the global carbon cycle, sequestering and releasing large amounts of carbon. Despite their importance, a reliable method for the quantification of peatland thickness and volume is still missing, particularly for peat deposits l ... Full text Open Access Cite

Does an ‘iron gate’ carbon preservation mechanism exist in organic–rich wetlands?

Journal article Soil Biology and Biochemistry · August 1, 2019 Recent research suggested that iron oxidation may protect carbon from drought-accelerated decomposition in wetlands by promoting the sorption of lignin derivatives and decreasing phenolic oxidase activities. Here we examined whether this mechanism exists i ... Full text Open Access Cite

Typha (Cattail) Invasion in North American Wetlands: Biology, Regional Problems, Impacts, Ecosystem Services, and Management

Journal article Wetlands · August 1, 2019 Typha is an iconic wetland plant found worldwide. Hybridization and anthropogenic disturbances have resulted in large increases in Typha abundance in wetland ecosystems throughout North America at a cost to native floral and faunal biodiversity. As demonst ... Full text Open Access Cite

Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Loads to Western Lake Erie: The Hidden Influence of Nanoparticles.

Journal article Journal of environmental quality · May 2019 Increased dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) fluxes in the Maumee River in the Western Lake Erie watershed have been cited as a cause of recent hypoxia and toxic algal blooms in Western Lake Erie. Dissolved reactive P is operationally defined as the molyb ... Full text Cite

Suspended Sediment Mineralogy and the Nature of Suspended Sediment Particles in Stormflow of the Southern Piedmont of the USA

Journal article Water Resources Research · January 1, 2019 The majority of annual sediment flux is transported during storm events in many watersheds across the world. Using X-ray diffraction, we analyzed the mineralogy of grab samples of suspended sediment during different stages of storm hydrographs in the South ... Full text Open Access Cite

Natural climate solutions for the United States.

Journal article Science advances · November 2018 Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-21 conservation, restoration, and ... Full text Cite

Engineered nanoparticles interact with nutrients to intensify eutrophication in a wetland ecosystem experiment.

Journal article Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · September 2018 Despite the rapid rise in diversity and quantities of engineered nanomaterials produced, the impacts of these emerging contaminants on the structure and function of ecosystems have received little attention from ecologists. Moreover, little is known about ... Full text Cite

Size-Based Differential Transport, Uptake, and Mass Distribution of Ceria (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Wetland Mesocosms.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · September 2018 Trace metals associated with nanoparticles are known to possess reactivities that are different from their larger-size counterparts. However, the relative importance of small relative to large particles for the overall distribution and biouptake of these m ... Full text Cite

Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance.

Journal article Nature communications · September 2018 Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined ... Full text Open Access Cite

Comparative Persistence of Engineered Nanoparticles in a Complex Aquatic Ecosystem.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · April 2018 During nanoparticle environmental exposure, presence in the water column is expected to dominate long distance transport as well as initial aquatic organism exposure. Much work has been done to understand potential ecological and toxicological effects of t ... Full text Cite

Stream transport of iron and phosphorus by authigenic nanoparticles in the Southern Piedmont of the U.S.

Journal article Water research · March 2018 Authigenic nanoparticles containing iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) have been identified at the anoxic/oxic interface of various aquatic ecosystems, forming upon the oxidation of reduced Fe. Little is known about the prevalence of these authigenic nanoparticl ... Full text Cite

Stress Responses of Aquatic Plants to Silver Nanoparticles.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · March 2018 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in consumer products, biotechnology, and medicine, and are released into aquatic ecosystems through wastewater discharge. This study investigated the phytotoxicity of AgNPs to aquatic plants, Egeria densa ... Full text Cite

Particle size distribution predicts particulate phosphorus removal.

Journal article Ambio · January 2018 Particulate phosphorus (PP) is often the largest component of the total phosphorus (P) load in stormwater. Fine-resolution measurement of particle sizes allows us to investigate the mechanisms behind the removal of PP in stormwater wetlands, since the diam ... Full text Cite

Effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora on vertical soil organic carbon distribution and storage amount in coastal salt marshes in Jiangsu, China

Journal article Ecological Engineering · September 1, 2017 Coastal wetlands soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in global carbon sequestration, and exotic S. alterniflora affects the coastal ecosystem's functions including SOC storage (SOCS). We investigated the vertical deep soil SOC distribution (0 ... Full text Open Access Cite

Influences of Coal Ash Leachates and Emergent Macrophytes on Water Quality in Wetland Microcosms

Journal article Water, Air, and Soil Pollution · August 22, 2017 Abstract The storage of coal combustion residue (CCR) in surface water impoundments may have an impact on nearby water quality and aquatic ecosystems. CCR contains leachable trace elements that can enter nearby waters through spills and monitored discharge ... Full text Open Access Cite

Top-down control of methane emission and nitrogen cycling by waterfowl.

Journal article Ecology · January 2017 Aquatic herbivores impose top-down control on the structure of wetland ecosystems, but the biogeochemical consequences of herbivory on methane (CH4 ) and nitrogen (N) are poorly known. To investigate the top-down effects of waterfowl on wetland ... Full text Open Access Cite

Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient.

Journal article PloS one · January 2017 Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in ... Full text Open Access Cite

Drained coastal peatlands: A potential nitrogen source to marine ecosystems under prolonged drought and heavy storm events-A microcosm experiment.

Journal article The Science of the total environment · October 2016 Over the past several decades there has been a massive increase in coastal eutrophication, which is often caused by increased runoff input of nitrogen from landscape alterations. Peatlands, covering 3% of land area, have stored about 12-21% of global soil ... Full text Open Access Cite

Waterfowl Impoundments as Sources of Nitrogen Pollution

Journal article Water Air and Soil Pollution · October 1, 2016 Hydrologically controlled moist-soil impoundment wetlands provide critical habitat for high densities of migratory bird populations. Nutrients exported from heavily used impoundments by prescribed seasonal drawdown of surface water may contribute to the eu ... Full text Open Access Cite

A cost-effective method for reducing soil disturbance-induced errors in static chamber measurement of wetland methane emissions

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · August 1, 2016 Static chambers used for sampling methane (CH4) in wetlands are highly sensitive to soil disturbance. Temporary compression around chambers during sampling can inflate the initial chamber CH4 headspace concentration and/or lead to gen ... Full text Open Access Cite

Legacy source of mercury in an urban stream-wetland ecosystem in central North Carolina, USA.

Journal article Chemosphere · November 2015 In the United States, aquatic mercury contamination originates from point and non-point sources to watersheds. Here, we studied the contribution of mercury in urban runoff derived from historically contaminated soils and the subsequent production of methyl ... Full text Open Access Cite

The Effects of Organic Matter Amendments on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Mitigation Wetland in Virginia’s Coastal Plain

Journal article Wetlands · October 14, 2015 There is concern that widespread restoration and/or creation of freshwater wetlands may present a radiative forcing hazard because of the potential for methane (CH4) emissions. Yet data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from restored wetlands ar ... Full text Open Access Cite

Dual controls on carbon loss during drought in peatlands

Journal article Nature Climate Change · June 26, 2015 Peatlands store one-third of global soil carbon. Drought/drainage coupled with climate warming present the main threat to these stores. Hence, understanding drought effects and inherent feedbacks related to peat decomposition has been a primary global chal ... Full text Open Access Cite

Connecting differential responses of native and invasive riparian plants to climate change and environmental alteration.

Journal article Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · April 2015 Climate change is predicted to impact river systems in the southeastern United States through alterations of temperature, patterns of precipitation and hydrology. Future climate scenarios for the southeastern United States predict (1) surface water tempera ... Full text Open Access Cite

Ecological restoration of rich fens in Europe and North America: from trial and error to an evidence-based approach.

Journal article Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · February 2015 Fens represent a large array of ecosystem services, including the highest biodiversity found among wetlands, hydrological services, water purification and carbon sequestration. Land-use change and drainage has severely damaged or annihilated these services ... Full text Open Access Cite

Riparian Habitat Dissimilarities in Restored and Reference Streams are Associated with Differences in Turtle Communities in the Southeastern Piedmont

Journal article Wetlands · February 1, 2015 Few studies have assessed whether restored streams and riparian floodplains support reference communities of certain groups of freshwater organisms, such as turtles. This exploratory study compared turtle assemblages in six reference and six restored strea ... Full text Open Access Cite

Errors in greenhouse forcing and soil carbon sequestration estimates in freshwater wetlands: a comment on Mitsch et al. (2013)

Journal article Landscape Ecology · November 1, 2014 Radiative forcing feedbacks from wetlands have been an important component of past climate change and will likely be so in the future, so accurately assessing the carbon (C) and radiative balances of wetlands remains an important research priority. This co ... Full text Open Access Cite

Emerging contaminant or an old toxin in disguise? Silver nanoparticle impacts on ecosystems.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · May 2014 The use of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer-products is rising. Much of these AgNPs are expected to enter the wastewater stream, with up to 10% of that eventually released as effluent into aquatic ecosystems with unknown ecological co ... Full text Open Access Cite

A five year study of floristic succession in a restored urban wetland

Journal article Ecological Engineering · December 1, 2013 The Stream and Wetland Assessment Management Park (SWAMP) project created a wetland-stream complex that encompasses a wide array of micro-environments and hydrology. These diverse habitats were designed to facilitate ecosystem diversity via enhanced pathwa ... Full text Cite

Low concentrations of silver nanoparticles in biosolids cause adverse ecosystem responses under realistic field scenario.

Journal article PloS one · January 2013 A large fraction of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and commercial products will reach natural ecosystems. To date, research on the biological impacts of environmental nanomaterial exposures has largely focused on high-concentration exposures in mecha ... Full text Open Access Cite

Differential nutrient limitation of soil microbial biomass and metabolic quotients (qCO2): is there a biological stoichiometry of soil microbes?

Journal article PloS one · January 2013 BackgroundVariation in microbial metabolism poses one of the greatest current uncertainties in models of global carbon cycling, and is particularly poorly understood in soils. Biological Stoichiometry theory describes biochemical mechanisms linkin ... Full text Open Access Cite

Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale Freshwater Emergent Wetland.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · April 2012 Transformations and long-term fate of engineered nanomaterials must be measured in realistic complex natural systems to accurately assess the risks that they may pose. Here, we determine the long-term behavior of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated silver nanopa ... Full text Open Access Cite

Human-soil relations are changing rapidly: Proposals from SSSA's cross-divisional soil change working group

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · November 1, 2011 A number of scientists have named our age the Anthropocene because humanity is globally affecting Earth systems, including the soil. Global soil change raises important questions about the future of soil, the environment, and human society. Although many s ... Full text Open Access Cite

Restoring diversity after cattail expansion: disturbance, resilience, and seasonality in a tropical dry wetland.

Journal article Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · April 2011 As the human footprint expands, ecologists and resource managers are increasingly challenged to explain and manage abrupt ecosystem transformations (i.e., regime shifts). In this study, we investigated the role of a mechanical disturbance that has been use ... Full text Open Access Cite

Environmental conditions influence the plant functional diversity effect on potential denitrification.

Journal article PloS one · February 2011 Global biodiversity loss has prompted research on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Few studies have examined how plant diversity impacts belowground processes; even fewer have examined how varying resource levels can in ... Full text Open Access Cite

Integrated stream and wetland restoration: A watershed approach to improved water quality on the landscape

Journal article Ecological Engineering · 2011 Water quality in Upper Sandy Creek, a headwater stream for the Cape Fear River in the North Carolina Piedmont, is impaired due to high N and P concentrations, sediment load, and coliform bacteria. The creek and floodplain ecosystem had become dysfunctional ... Open Access Cite

Coastal freshwater wetland plant community response to seasonal drought and flooding in Northwestern Costa Rica

Journal article Wetlands · January 1, 2011 Wetlands in tropical wet-dry climates are governed by distinct and extreme seasonal hydrologic fluctuations. In this study, we investigated the plant community response to seasonal flooding and drought in Palo Verde Marsh, Costa Rica. Climate change models ... Full text Open Access Cite

A multi-scale approach to prioritize wetland restoration for watershed-level water quality

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · December 2010 Abstract: Wetland restoration is commonly presented as an important strategy for maintaining and enhancing the water quality and ecological capital of watershed-scale ecosystems. Prioritizing restoration sites on the landscape is often a haphazard process ... Open Access Link to item Cite

An ecological perspective on nanomaterial impacts in the environment.

Journal article Journal of environmental quality · November 2010 Growing concerns over the potential for unintended, adverse consequences of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the environment have generated new research initiatives focused on understanding the ecological effects of ENPs. Almost nothing is currently know ... Full text Open Access Cite

Examining the relationship between ecosystem structure and function using structural equation modelling: A case study examining denitrification potential in restored wetland soils

Journal article Ecological Modelling · March 10, 2010 An ongoing debate in ecology is the relationship between community or ecosystem structure and function. This relationship is particularly important in restored ecosystems because it is often assumed that restoring ecosystem structure will restore ecosystem ... Full text Cite

The Everglades: North America's subtropical wetland

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · January 1, 2010 The Everglades is the largest subtropical wetland in the United States. Because of its size, floral and faunal diversity, geological history and hydrological functions on the Florida landscape, the remaining Everglades are considered to be the crown jewel ... Full text Cite

Spatial impacts and wetland restoration on riparian soil properties in the North Carolina Piedmont

Journal article Restoration Ecology · 2010 Hydric soil development of riparian wetlands is primarily influenced by the hydrologic connection between the floodplains and the stream channel. Often, the goal of riparian restoration is to revitalize this connectivity through a restructuring of the stre ... Open Access Link to item Cite

Microbial and Geochemical Responses to Organic Matter Amendments in a Created Wetland

Journal article Wetlands · December 1, 2009 Soil organic matter (OM) is an important feature of natural wetlands (NWs) often lacking in created wetlands (CWs). Some have suggested that OM amendments be used to accelerate development of edaphic conditions in CWs. Our objective was to investigate micr ... Full text Cite

Effect of natural dissolved organic carbon on phosphate removal by ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate treatment of wetland waters

Journal article Water Resources Research · September 1, 2009 The use of wetlands for the removal of excess N and P has become widespread. Some sensitive P-limited ecosystems, however, may require additional reductions in the concentration of P entering the system. It has been proposed that the treatment of wetlands ... Full text Cite

Wetlands of mass destruction

Journal article Environmental Forum · July 1, 2009 The restoration of the Mesopotamian marshes of southern Iraq is underway with the release of water in many areas that resulted in the return of native plants and animals comprising rare and endangered species of birds, mammals, and plants. The marshlands i ... Cite

Impacts of nanosilver on microbial activity in wetlands and streams

Journal article GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA · June 1, 2009 Link to item Cite

Nature versus nurture: Functional assessment of restoration effects on wetland services using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Journal article Geophysical Research Letters · February 16, 2009 Land-use change has altered the ability of wetlands to provide vital services such as nutrient retention. While compensatory practices attempt to restore degraded wetlands and their functions, it is difficult to evaluate the recovery of soil biogeochemical ... Full text Cite

Environmental and anthropogenic controls over bacterial communities in wetland soils.

Journal article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2008 Soil bacteria regulate wetland biogeochemical processes, yet little is known about controls over their distribution and abundance. Bacteria in North Carolina swamps and bogs differ greatly from Florida Everglades fens, where communities studied were unexpe ... Full text Cite

Response to comment on "Estimating ecological thresholds for phosphorus in the everglades"

Journal article Environmental Science and Technology · September 1, 2008 Full text Cite

Wetlands of mass destruction: Can the “Garden of Eden” be fully restored?

Journal article National Wetlands Newsletter · 2008 Cite

Estimating ecological thresholds for phosphorus in the Everglades.

Journal article Environmental science & technology · December 2007 The Florida Everglades, a wetland of international importance, has been undergoing a significant shift in its native flora and fauna due to excessive total phosphorus (TP) loadings (an average of 147 t per annum from 1995to 2004) and an elevated mean TP co ... Full text Cite

Subsidy-stress response of macroinvertebrate community biomass to a phosphorus gradient in an oligotrophic wetland ecosystem

Journal article Journal of the North American Benthological Society · September 1, 2007 We used a subsidy-stress model as a basis for predicting macroinvertebrate community response to a steep gradient of P enrichment in the Florida Everglades, a P-limited wetland ecosystem. We tested the hypothesis that consumers were resource limited and th ... Full text Cite

A wetland hydrology and water quality model incorporating surface water/groundwater interactions

Journal article Water Resources Research · April 1, 2007 [1] In the last two decades the beneficial aspects of constructed treatment wetlands have been studied extensively. However, the importance of restored wetlands as a best management practice to improve the water quality of storm water runoff has only recen ... Full text Cite

Restoration of hydrologic and biogeochemical functions in bottomland hardwoods

Journal article Hydrology and Management of Forested Wetlands Proceeding of the International Conference · December 1, 2006 The degraded state and loss of ecological functions in many bottomland hardwood swamps and riparian wetlands in the United States are directly related to severe alteration of hydrologic flows in streams, with a concomitant loss of hydric soil conditions du ... Cite

Comparison of soil organic matter in created, restored and paired natural wetlands in North Carolina

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · June 1, 2006 Soil organic matter (SOM) content is a key indicator of soil quality and is correlated to a number of important soil processes that occur in wetlands such as respiration, denitrification, and phosphorus sorption. To better understand the differences in the ... Full text Cite

Restoring the garden of eden: An ecological assessment of the marshes of Iraq

Journal article Bioscience · June 1, 2006 The Mesopotamian marshes of southern Iraq had been all but destroyed by Saddam Hussein's regime by the year 2000. Earlier assessments suggested that poor water quality, the presence of toxic materials, and high saline soil conditions in the drained marshes ... Full text Cite

An assessment of the phosphorus retention capacity of wetlands in the Painter Creek Watershed, Minnesota, USA

Journal article Water Air and Soil Pollution · April 1, 2006 Lake Minnetonka, located in southeastern Minnesota, U.S.A., is currently experiencing increased eutrophication due to excessive phosphorus (P) loading in runoff from agriculture and urban areas. This phenomenon has been exacerbated by the isolation of wetl ... Full text Cite

Spatial variability of denitrification potential and related soil properties in created, restored, and paired natural wetlands

Journal article Wetlands · January 1, 2006 To gain a better understanding of the spatial patterns of denitrification potential and related soil properties in created (CW), restored (RW), and natural wetlands (NWs), four CW/RW-NW pairs in North Carolina, USA were sampled. These site pairs spanned a ... Full text Cite

Remote monitoring of regional inundation patterns and hydroperiod in the greater everglades using synthetic aperture radar

Journal article Wetlands · November 28, 2005 Understanding the hydrologic patterns in vast wetland ecosystems has proven to be a difficult task. Most of the world's wetland ecosystems are not adequately monitored for water level, flow, or discharge, and where these are monitored, gauges are usually l ... Full text Cite

Increasing vegetation, improving water: Compost use in urban restored wetlands

Journal article Biocycle · October 1, 2005 Researchers from Duke University Wetland Center (DUWC) are working with the county's Stormwater Services to develop a set of experimental soil organic matter amendments to test if adding compost would increase growth of planted vegetation and improve water ... Cite

Hydrologic, edaphic, and vegetative responses to microtopographic reestablishment in a restored wetland

Journal article Restoration Ecology · September 1, 2005 Microtopography is a characteristic feature of many natural wetlands that is commonly lacking in restored wetlands (RWs). Consequently, it has been suggested that microtopography must be reestablished in RWs to accelerate the development of wetland functio ... Full text Cite

The restoration potential of the Mesopotamian marshes of Iraq.

Journal article Science (New York, N.Y.) · February 2005 Uncontrolled releases of Tigris and Euphrates River waters after the 2003 war have partially restored some former marsh areas in southern Iraq, but restoration is failing in others because of high soil and water salinities. Nearly 20% of the original 15,00 ... Full text Cite

Spatial variability of soil properties in created, restored, and paired natural wetlands

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 2005 To better understand patterns of spatial variability in soil properties of created wetlands (CWs), restored wetlands (RWs), and natural wetlands (NWs), we sampled four CW or RW-NW pairs in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina using a spatially explicit desi ... Full text Cite

A spatially explicit investigation of phosphorus sorption and related soil properties in two riparian wetlands.

Journal article Journal of environmental quality · March 2004 Soils of riparian wetlands are highly effective at phosphorus (P) sorption. However, these soils exhibit extreme spatial variability across riparian zones. We used a spatially explicit sampling design in two riparian wetlands in North Carolina to better un ... Full text Cite

Hydrologic gradients and topsoil additions affect soil properties of Virginia created wetlands

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 2004 As the role of soil properties in the development of created wetlands (CWs) has not received adequate attention in regulatory or scientific communities, this study was conducted to evaluate the development of soil properties in 11 CWs in Virginia ranging f ... Full text Cite

Spatial dependency of vegetation-environment linkages in an anthropogenically influenced wetland ecosystem

Journal article Ecosystems · January 1, 2004 Management and restoration of vegetation patterns in ecosystems depends on an understanding of allogenic environmental factors that organize species assemblages and autogenic processes linked to assemblages. However, our ability to make strong inferences a ... Full text Cite

Effects of seasonal hydrologic patterns in south Florida wetlands on radar backscatter measured from ERS-2 SAR imagery

Journal article Remote Sensing of Environment · December 30, 2003 A multi-year study was carried out to evaluate ERS synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery for monitoring surface hydrologic conditions in wetlands of southern Florida. Surface conditions (water level, aboveground biomass, soil moisture) were measured in 13 ... Full text Cite

Endogenous versus exogenous nutrient control over decomposition and mineralization in North Carolina peatlands

Journal article Biogeochemistry · September 1, 2003 We examined the relative importance of exogenous (pH, water table, soil nutrient and cation availability) and endogenous (carbon quality, nutrient and cation concentrations of litter) controls on litter decay over both the short term (1 yr) and intermediat ... Full text Cite

Two statistical methods for the detection of environmental thresholds

Journal article Ecological Modelling · August 1, 2003 A nonparametric method and a Bayesian hierarchical modeling method are proposed in this paper for the detection of environmental thresholds. The nonparametric method is based on the reduction of deviance, while the Bayesian method is based on the change in ... Full text Cite

Effects of agriculture and wetland restoration on hydrology, soils, and water quality of a Carolina bay complex

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · June 1, 2003 We compared hydrology, soils, and water quality of an agricultural field (AG), a two-year-old restored wetland (RW), and two reference ecosystems (a non-riverine swamp forest (NRSF) and a high pocosin forest (POC)) located at the Barra Farms Regional Wetla ... Full text Cite

Integrating bioassessment and ecological risk assessment: an approach to developing numerical water-quality criteria.

Journal article Environmental management · June 2003 Ioassessment is used worldwide to monitor aquatic health but is infrequently used with risk-assessment objectives, such as supporting the development of defensible, numerical water-quality criteria. To this end, we present a generalized approach for detect ... Full text Cite

Factors controlling concentration, export, and decomposition of dissolved organic nutrients in the Everglades of Florida

Journal article Biogeochemistry · February 1, 2003 Water draining from the Everglades marshes of southern Florida contains high concentrations of dissolved organic C (DOC), N (DON), and in some locations, P (DOP). These dissolved organic nutrients carry over 90% of the N and organic C, and about 25% of the ... Full text Cite

Pocosins: Hydrologically isolated or integrated wetlands on the landscape?

Journal article Wetlands · January 1, 2003 Surveys have shown that pocosins (swamp-on-a-hill) occur on the southeastern Coastal Plain of the U.S. from Virginia to north Florida and once covered more than one million hectares in North Carolina. A broad definition of pocosins (sensu lato) would inclu ... Full text Cite

Evaluating subsampling approaches and macroinvertebrate taxonomic resolution for wetland bioassessment

Journal article Journal of the North American Benthological Society · January 1, 2002 Methods for wetland bioassessment using macroinvertebrates are not well developed. Two of the most controversial issues in stream bioassessment, subsampling and taxonomic resolution, have yet to be quantitatively addressed for wetlands. Using a multivariat ... Full text Cite

Soil reduction-oxidation potential along a nutrient-enrichment gradient in the Everglades

Journal article Wetlands · January 1, 2001 Portions of the northern Everglades of Florida, USA have become enriched with phosphorous and have responded with increased plant productivity and increased litter decomposition rates. Many lakes respond to eutrophication with decreased redox potential in ... Full text Cite

Macroinvertebrate assemblage response to highway crossings in forested wetlands: Implications for biological assessment

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · September 26, 2000 Despite the mandate of the Clean Water Act to protect the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the USA's wetlands, the use of biota to assess wetland condition has not been well explored. During June, 1996, we evaluated the response of macroinve ... Full text Cite

Effects of 4 years of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on Everglades plant communities

Journal article Aquatic Botany · September 4, 2000 Nitrogen (5.6 and 22.4 g m-2 per year) and phosphorus (0.6, 1.2, and 4.8 g m-2 per year) were applied to Everglades plant communities (sawgrass, mixed sawgrass-cattail, slough) to evaluate the effects of nutrient additions on biomass ... Full text Cite

Changes in algal assemblages along observed and experimental phosphorus gradients in a subtropical wetland, U.S.A.

Journal article Freshwater Biology · June 1, 2000 1. We wanted to determine if changes in algae in the Everglades were due to increased phosphorus (P) loading. Epiphytic algae, water chemistry, and surface sediment chemistry were characterized from 32 sloughs along a P gradient in the Everglades and chang ... Full text Cite

Phosphorus enrichment affects litter decomposition, immobilization, and soil microbial phosphorus in wetland mesocosms

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 2000 Like many wetland ecosystems, areas of the northern Everglades of Florida, USA, have been influenced by P eutrophication. Our objective was to determine if P enrichment of water influences the litter decomposition rate and nutrient immobilization by litter ... Full text Cite

Calibration of diatoms along a nutrient gradient in Florida Everglades Water Conservation Area-2A, USA

Journal article Journal of Paleolimnology · December 1, 1999 The relationship between diatom taxa preserved in surface soils and environmental variables at 31 sites in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) of the Florida Everglades was explored using multivariate analyses. Surface soils were collected along a phosphor ... Full text Cite

Long-term phosphorus assimilative capacity in freshwater wetlands: A new paradigm for sustaining ecosystem structure and function

Journal article Environmental Science and Technology · May 15, 1999 Statistical analysis of a North American Wetland Database (NAWDB) allowed us to develop a mass loading model that was used to separate P assimilative capacity (defined as P absorption with no significant ecosystem change and no elevated P output) from stor ... Full text Cite

Nutrient effects on stand structure, resorption efficiency, and secondary compounds in Everglades sawgrass

Journal article Ecology · January 1, 1999 Long-term studies along a 30-yr nutrient-enrichment gradient in the northern part of the subtropical Everglades fen allowed us to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions on plant community structure and chemical qualities of wetland ... Full text Cite

Comments: Limits of phosphorus removal in wetlads

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · 1999 Cite

Macrophyte species changes in the Everglades: Examination along a eutrophication gradient

Journal article Journal of Environmental Quality · January 1, 1999 Macrophyte species distribution in the marsh and slough areas of the northern Everglades were examined along a surface water and soil P gradient to characterize the effects of nutrient enrichment on the macrophyte community changes in the Everglades ecosys ... Full text Cite

Calibration of modern pollen along a nutrient gradient in everglades water conservation area-2A

Journal article Wetlands · January 1, 1999 In the past 100 years, the hydrology and nutrient levels of the Florida Everglades, USA, have been drastically altered by a system of canals and dikes and urban and agricultural development. Levels of soil total phosphorus (TP) have become elevated in the ... Full text Cite

Biogeochemical characteristics of the Everglades sloughs

Journal article Journal of Environmental Quality · January 1, 1998 Everglades sloughs are alkaline hardwater systems. Mean water column dissolved phosphate (5 μg/L) and TP (9 μg/L) concentrations in the sloughs are typical of oligotrophic waters. Molar ratios of dissolved inorganic N and P (DIN:DIP = 28:1) in the surface ... Full text Cite

Recent and long-term organic soil accretion and nutrient accumulation in the Everglades

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 1998 Organic soil accretion and nutrient accumulation were measured in the northern, central, and southern Everglades to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic nutrient and hydroperiod alterations on organic C and nutrient storage during the past century. Six so ... Full text Cite

Monitoring hydropatterns in South Florida ecosystems using ERS SAR data

Journal article European Space Agency Special Publication ESA SP · December 1, 1997 This paper summarizes the results of an ongoing study of ERS SAR imagery collected over the southern Florida, an area containing numerous wetlands. This study showed that the signatures from the wetlands in this region observed in the ERS SAR imagery vary ... Cite

Nutrient profiles in the everglades: examination along the eutrophication gradient.

Journal article The Science of the total environment · October 1997 We examined the concentration profiles of nutrients in the surface water, soil and pore water along the eutrophication gradient of the Water Conservation Area-2A (WCA-2A) in the northern Everglades. Phosphorus levels in the surface waters contributed by th ... Full text Cite

Guidelines for risk assessment in wetlands

Journal article Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · September 1, 1997 This paper presents some guidelines for risk assessment in wetlands. Ecosystem analysis, i.e., understanding how wetlands function on the landscape, should be at the heart of the process. Another key point is to identify human values that derive from these ... Full text Cite

Estimating the long-term phosphorus accretion rate in the Everglades: A Bayesian approach with risk assessment

Journal article Water Resources Research · January 1, 1997 Using wetlands as a sink of nutrients, phosphorus in particular, is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technology. In this paper, we briefly review the mechanism of phosphorus retention in wetlands, as well ... Full text Cite

Relationships between soil nutrients and plant species composition in Everglades peatlands

Journal article Journal of Environmental Quality · January 1, 1997 Base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and metals (Al, Fe, Mn) were measured in peatlands of the northern and central Everglades to (i) determine the extent and degree of elemental enrichment of the peat caused by agricultural drainage and (ii) assess the relationsh ... Full text Cite

Predictive models for phosphorus retention in wetlands

Journal article Wetlands Ecology and Management · September 1, 1996 The potential of wetlands to efficiently remove (i.e., act as a nutrient sink) or to transform nutrients like phosphorus under high nutrient loading has resulted in their consideration as a cost-effective means of treating wastewater on the landscape. Few ... Full text Cite

Reconstructing historical changes in everglades plant community composition using pollen distributions in peat

Journal article Lake and Reservoir Management · January 1, 1996 During the past century, the historical hydrology and nutrient regimes of the Everglades, a 700,000 hectare freshwater wetland in southern Florida, have been altered by agricultural and urban development. Changes in plant community composition (e.g. encroa ... Full text Cite

Relationships of eutrophication to the distribution of mercury and to the potential for methylmercury production in the peat soils of the everglades

Journal article Environmental Science and Technology · January 1, 1996 Elevated mercury concentrations have been reported in fish and wildlife from the Everglades in recent years. The hypothesis that eutrophication caused by the impact of phosphorous- (P) rich agricultural runoff stimulated methylmercury accumulation was put ... Full text Cite

Response of everglades plant communities to nitrogen and phosphorus additions

Journal article Wetlands · September 1, 1995 Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) were applied to sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), mixed sawgrass-cattail (Typha domingensis), and slough (shallow water communities dominated by Utricularia spp., Eleocharis spp., and Panicum spp.) communities in the Everglades f ... Full text Cite

Forms of soil phosphorus along a nutrient enrichment gradient in the northern everglades

Journal article Soil Science · January 1, 1995 About 60 MT y−1of P from agricultural runoff have flowed into an area of the northern Everglades marshes of Florida since the late 1960s, creating a nutrient enrichment gradient. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) in what forms t ... Full text Cite

Phosphorus sorption characteristics of Everglades soils along a eutrophication gradient

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 1995 The amount of phosphate adsorbed on the soils and the zero equilibrium phosphate concentration supported by the soils exhibited a linear decrease with distance from the inflow structures supplying agricultural drainage. Linear phospate adsorption coefficie ... Full text Cite

SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOMASS, AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF PERIPHYTON IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES

Journal article Journal of Phycology · January 1, 1995 Periphyton biomass, nutrient dynamics in the biomass, and species composition were studied in two Florida Everglades sloughs from August 1991 to August 1992. Periphyton biomass on macrophytes was strongly season‐dependent. Maximum biomasses, 1180, 161, and ... Full text Cite

Response of macroinvertebrates and small fish to nutrient enrichment in the northern Everglades

Journal article Wetlands · June 1, 1994 The northern Everglades (Water Conservation Area 2A) annually receives an excess addition of 60M tons of phosphorus and 1814 M tons of nitrogen from agricultural run-off. During 1990-91, invertebrates were collected from replicate sweep and core samples at ... Full text Cite

Ecological functions and human values in wetlands: A framework for assessing forestry impacts

Journal article Wetlands · March 1, 1994 The term "value" usually connotes something of use or desirable to Homo sapiens. Values ascribed to many wetlands include providing habitats for fishing, hunting, waterfowl, timber harvesting, wastewater assimilation, and flood control, to name a few. Thes ... Full text Cite

Effect of land development and forest management on hydrologic response in southeastern coastal wetlands: A review

Journal article Wetlands · March 1, 1994 Land development activities such as agriculture, clear cutting, peat mining, and the planting of forest plantations on wetlands can affect the hydrologic behavior of these ecosystems by affecting their water storage and release patterns on the landscape. T ... Full text Cite

Ozone-Induced Changes in Primary Carbon Metabolism Enzymes of Loblolly Pine Needles

Journal article Journal of Plant Physiology · January 1, 1994 Current ambient ozone concentrations in the southeastern U.S.A. have the potential to affect carbon fixation rates and growth of forest tree species. In this study, loblolly pine saplings were exposed to ozone fumigation in open-top chambers during four gr ... Full text Cite

Hydrology and nutrient gradients in North Carolina peatlands

Journal article Wetlands · September 1, 1993 Soil chemistry and hydrology gradients are closely associated with and have often been cited as the causative agents for changes in wetland plant community composition. We analyzed the biogeochemistry and hydrology of three freshwater peatland communities ... Full text Cite

Peat Accretion and N, P, and Organic C Accumulation in Nutrient-Enriched and Unenriched Everglades Peatlands.

Journal article Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · August 1993 Recent (1964-1989) rates of peat accretion and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic carbon (C) accumulation were measured in Everglades soils to characterize the effects of altered hydroperiod and nutrient regimes on the nutrient storage capacity of t ... Full text Cite

Peat accretion and phosphorus accumulation along a eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades

Journal article Biogeochemistry · June 1, 1993 Recent rates of peat accretion (as determined by137Cs) and N, P, organic C, Ca and Na accumulation were measured along a 10 km eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades area of Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA 2A) that has received agric ... Full text Cite

Wetland alteration trends on the North Carolina coastal plain

Journal article Wetlands · September 1, 1992 This study examines the magnitude and causes of wetland alterations within the North Carolina coastal plain. Utilizing soil maps, photointerpretation, and national Wetland Inventory Maps, we assessed wetland alterations between presettlement, the early 195 ... Full text Cite

The effects of nutrient enrichment on algae and macroinvertebrates in the everglades: A review

Journal article Wetlands · September 1, 1992 Over 400 metric tons of phosphorus and 12,000 metric tons of nitrogen flow annually into the northern part of the Everglades. Data describing the effects of nutrient enrichment, especially phosphorus, on algae and macroinvertebrates in the Everglades are r ... Full text Cite

Ozone exposure-response relationships for photosynthesis in genetic strains of loblolly pine seedlings

Journal article Forest Ecology and Management · August 15, 1992 The effects of acidic precipitation and ozone exposure on gas exchange and chlorophyll content of three half-sibling families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were studied in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Seedlings of families 8-80, 8-103 ... Full text Cite

Mechanisms controlling soil respiration (CO2 and CH4) in southern peatlands

Journal article Soil Biology and Biochemistry · January 1, 1992 Production of soil gases is important in nutrient and carbon cycling, particularly in peatlands due to their large atmospheric emissions of several greenhouse gases. We examined factors controlling aerobic and anaerobic soil respiration in three contrastin ... Full text Cite

Implications of physiological responses to chronic air pollution for forest decline in the southeastern United States

Journal article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1992 The effects of acidic precipitation and ozone on physiological processes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were assessed over time to determine dose‐response relationships of cumulative exposure to varying levels of ozone and acid rain in combination. Seed ... Full text Cite

Vertical distribution of biological and geochemical phosphorus subcycles in two southern Appalachian forest soils

Journal article Biogeochemistry · April 1, 1991 We measured Al, Fe, and P fractions by horizon in two southern Appalachian forest soil profiles, and compared solution PO4-1 removal in chloroform-sterilized and non-sterilized soils, to determine whether biological and geochemical P ... Full text Cite

Pocosins: An ecological perspective

Journal article Wetlands · February 1, 1991 Pocosins and associated wetlands (PAAWS) of the North Carolina Plain are among the least studied ecosystems in the U.S. The purpose of this overview is to (1) classify pocosins and give their geographical location, (2) provide information on their geologic ... Full text Cite

Water quality of pocosins and associated wetlands of the Carolina Coastal Plain

Journal article Wetlands · February 1, 1991 We reviewed literature data on pocosins and associated wetlands of the Carolina coastal plain to 1) characterize the surface and subsurface water quality of undisturbed pocosins, 2) identify the processes controlling solution C, N, and P concentrations, an ... Full text Cite

Steel rod oxidation as a hydrologic indicator in wetland soils

Journal article Soil Science Society of America Journal · January 1, 1991 Depth of rusting on steel rods has been proposed as an inexpensive means of determining depth to the water table and the reducing zone in wetland soils. The suitability of steel-rod oxidation as a hydrologic indicator in wetland soils was tested in a serie ... Full text Cite

Cellulose decay in natural and disturbed peatlands in North Carolina

Journal article Journal of Environmental Quality · January 1, 1991 Carbon cycling is central to nutrient dynamics and accretion rates in wetlands. Drainage and conversion of wetlands has been occurring at an accelerating rate. This paper compares decay rates in natural and disturbed peatlands in the southeastern USA and e ... Full text Cite

Use of physiological and biochemical markers for assessing air pollution stress in trees

Journal article ASTM Special Technical Publication · September 1, 1990 Air pollutants such as O3, NOx, SO2, and H2O2 are powerful oxidants that can generate extremely reactive oxygen free radicals that may cause enzyme breakdown, membrane damage, and DNA alterations, all ... Cite

Assay and Electrophoresis of Superoxide Dismutase from Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.), and Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) : A Method for Biomonitoring.

Journal article Plant physiology · June 1989 This paper reports a method for extracting the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the needles of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with high efficiency and free from inter ... Full text Cite

Effects of chronic doses of ozone on loblolly pine: photosynthetic characteristics in the third growing season

Journal article Forest Science · January 1, 1989 Light and CO2 response curves indicated significant decreases of 21% and 27%, respectively, in light-saturated and CO2-saturated photosynthetic capacities at 2 × ambient ozone (92 ppb 12-hr seasonal mean) compared to charcoal-filtered ... Cite

Soil chemistry and phosphorus retention capcacity of North Carolina costal plain swamps receiving sewage effluent

Journal article · November 1, 1988 We analyzed the soil chemical properties and P sorption potentials of three North Carolina coastal plain swamps to (1) characterize their soil chemistries, (2) analyze both short- and long-term effects of wastewater addition on soil chemistry, (3) determin ... Cite

Soil biodegradation of carbofuran and furathiocarb following soil pretreatment with these pesticides

Journal article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1988 A field application level (9 μg·g−1) of carbofuran was completely hydrolyzed within 1 to 3 days in a loamy sand soil pretreated with the same level of carbofuran, while <5% of the carbofuran was hydrolyzed in control soil not pretreated. The num ... Full text Cite

Soil and plant chemistry of an Atlantic white cedar wetland on the Inner Coastal Plain of Maryland

Journal article Canadian Journal of Botany · January 1, 1988 A Chamaecyparis thyoides site in Maryland had a distinct soil chemistry characterized by significantly higher Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and high pH. There were significant differences between wetlands, within wetlands (forested versus bog habitats), and ... Full text Cite

Wetland development trends in coastal North Carolina, USA, from 1970 to 1984

Journal article Environmental Management · September 1, 1987 Coastal wetlands are a valuable resource to North Carolina, USA, representing important habitat for marine organisms and providing flood control areas and buffer zones from marine storms. An analysis of wetland development trends in coastal North Carolina ... Full text Cite

Processes Controlling Movement, Storage, and Export of Phosphorus in a Fen Peatland

Journal article Ecological Monographs · December 1986 Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms controlling P movement, storage, and export from a minerotrophic peatland (fen) in central Michigan that had demonstrated high P removal from nutrient additions. An annual P bu ... Full text Cite

ALGAL BIOASSAY AND GROSS PRODUCTIVITY EXPERIMENTS USING SEWAGE EFFLUENT IN A MICHIGAN WETLAND'

Journal article Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association · January 1, 1986 ABSTRACT: One component of the filamentous algal community of a northern fen ecosystem in central Michigan was studied under conditions of nutrient enrichment by secondarily treated sewage effluent during one growing season. The productivity of Cladophora ... Full text Cite

Aluminate toxicity as a factor controlling plant growth in bauxite residue

Journal article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1986 Millions of metric tons of alkaline bauxite residue (red mud), produced annually in aluminum refineries at numerous locations around the world, are stored in large, diked impoundments. Bauxite residue is characterized by high pH (9 to 12), high concentrati ... Full text Cite

Mechanisms controlling phosphorus retention capacity in freshwater wetlands.

Journal article Science (New York, N.Y.) · June 1985 Freshwater wetland ecosystems do not effectively conserve phosphorus in the way that terrestrial ecosystems do. The phosphorus retention capacity varies greatly among bogs, fens, and swamps and is concomitant with the amorphous acid oxalate-extractable alu ... Full text Cite

Forty-one years of population change and community succession in aspen forests on four soil types, northern lower Michigan, USA.

Journal article Canadian Journal of Botany · January 1, 1985 In 1938, 4 permanent 0.04-ha plots were established in pioneer aspen (Populus grandidentata, P. tremuloides) forest on dry-mesic to wet-mesic soils. Five patterns of change in species populations are identified, reflecting differences in reproductive chara ... Full text Cite

Pocosins: Vanishing wastelands or valuable wetlands?

Journal article Bioscience · January 1, 1983 Full text Cite

An ecological analysis of pocosin wetlands development with management recommendations

Journal article Wetlands · December 1, 1982 Pocosins--oligotrophic freshwater evergreen shrub bogs once covering nearly one million hectares on the North Carolina coastal plain--were developed by blocked drainage and peat accumulation over the last 10,000 years. Extensive drainage for agriculture, f ... Full text Cite

Reclamation of red mud (bauxite residues) using alkaline-tolerant grasses with organic amendments

Journal article Journal of Environmental Quality · January 1, 1982 Distichlis spicata var. stricta (desert saltgrass), Sporobolus airoides (alkali sacaton), Agropyron smithii (western wheatgrass), and A. elongatum (tall wheatgrass), alkaline-tolerant grasses of the western United States, were tested as species to colonize ... Full text Cite

Ground water quality in northern Michigan ecosystems as affected by land use patterns and geologic characteristics

Journal article Agro Ecosystems · January 1, 1979 Over 200 ground water wells in northern lower Michigan were sampled from nine land use classes and several geologic strata during 1974 and 1975 for concentrations of NO3N, NH4N, PO4P, Cl, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, and Na. Mean well de ... Full text Cite

The chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation from selected stations in Michigan

Journal article Water Air and Soil Pollution · June 1, 1976 The pH and amount of rainfall from over 60 selected stations throughout northern and lower Michigan was determined from September 1972 to December 1974. Precipitation pH was determined for each station by calibrated electrode meters. The seasonal weighted ... Full text Cite