Book section · January 1, 2023
Multimodal imaging in pediatric eyes is useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of several disease processes. Imaging in pediatric patients can be challenging to perform in clinic and an exam under anesthesia (EUA) may be required. Coordination ...
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Book section · January 1, 2022
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a clinical syndrome associated with proliferation of cells in the vitreous cavity and on the retinal surface leading to tractional forces on the retina. PVR is the most common cause of re-detachment after retinal de ...
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Book section · January 1, 2022
The application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the operating room has experienced significant advances over the last few years. The early development of portable OCT systems represented a major shift forward in the ability to provide image-guided ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
Human foveal development is a complex process that can be altered by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Establishing a baseline of normal foveal development is paramount before understanding the impact caused by prematurity and ROP. It is important to recog ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Different scan protocols are useful when performing optical coherence tomography (OCT) on a cooperative patient who is able to fixate versus on an infant or young child. Although there are overlaps in scan acquisition patterns across different commercial s ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Incontinentia pigmenti (IKBKG/NEMO gene-related retinopathy, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome) is an X-linked dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skin, teeth, nails, hair, retina, and central nervous system (CNS) and usually lethal before birt ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Coats disease, or Leber multiple miliary aneurysm disease, is characterized by idiopathic retinal vascular telangiectasias that can occur with retinal exudates and exudative retinal detachments. In this chapter, we discuss the clinical features, optical co ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
This chapter reviews the imaging findings for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of inflammatory pediatric choroidal neovascular membranes. ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Norrie disease, and other retinal diseases with a FEVR-like appearance are diseases of abnormal vascular development with peripheral retinal vascular nonperfusion as a predominant feature. Optical coherence tomo ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is identified clinically by a pattern of incomplete and abnormal retinal vessel development in preterm infants. Assessment is centered on determining whether retinal findings indicate a course of disease that requires treat ...
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Book section · April 6, 2017
The advent and adaptation of many imaging modalities promise to revolutionize our understanding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by improving the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of response to treatment of this disease. Diagnosis and classification ...
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Book section · January 1, 2017
The image processing algorithms collectively known as super-resolution have proven effective in producing high-quality imagery from a collection of low-resolution photographic images. In this chapter, we examine some of the advantages and challenges of app ...
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Book section · January 1, 2015
In this chapter, the emerging applications for OCT in real-time, intraoperative diagnostic imaging and visualization of surgical maneuvers is reviewed, focusing on OCT guidance and evaluation of ophthalmic microsurgery. Three different approaches under dev ...
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Book section · April 12, 2011
Vitreoretinal surgical visualization by ophthalmic microscopy is limited in its ability to distinguish thin translucent tissues from other retinal substructures. Conventional methods for supplementing poor contrast, such as with increased illumination and ...
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Book section · December 1, 2010
We describe an efficient approach for the automated segmentation of pathological/morphological structures in ophthalmic Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) images. In this algorithm, image pixels are treated as nodes of a graph with edge w ...
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Book section · May 3, 2010
Vitreoretinal surgery visualization is inherently limited by the ability to distinguish between tissues with subtle contrast, and to judge the location of an object relative to other retinal substructures. Inherent issues in visualizing thin translucent ti ...
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Book section · December 1, 2008
Our previous work demonstrates the ability to reconstruct a single higher resolution image from fusing a collection of multiple extremely low-dosage aliased X-ray images. While this computationally efficient method eliminates aliasing artifacts associated ...
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Book section · May 26, 2008
Accurate detection-characterization of drusen is an important imaging biomarker of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. We report on the development of an automatic method for detection and segmentation of drusen in retinal images captured v ...
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Book section · August 31, 2007
We report on the development of quantitative, reproducible diagnostic observables for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on high speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). 3D SDOCT volumetric data sets (512 × 1000 × 100 voxels) w ...
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Book section · June 30, 2006
Precise targeting of retinal structures including retinal pigment epithelial cells, feeder vessels, ganglion cells, photoreceptors, and other cells important for light transduction may enable earlier disease intervention with laser therapies and advanced m ...
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Book section · December 1, 2004
As we age, substantial mechanical and structural alterations occur in the vitreous. These changes are believed to induce a series of vision threatening conditions, including retinal detachment and nuclear sclerotic cataracts. We have developed an acoustic ...
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Book section · January 1, 2001
In order to provide a direct comparison of the damage thresholds for mode-locked systems to those with continuous-wave (CW) or non-pulsed output, we have performed an experiment with lasers possessing otherwise identical output characteristics. Our work pr ...
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Book section · January 1, 2001
We have shown in previous work that the threshold for laser-induced breakdown is higher than the threshold for ophthalmoscopically visible retinal damage, but they approach each other as pulse duration decreased from several nanoseconds to 100 femtoseconds ...
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Book section · January 1, 2001
Purpose: The direct comparison of in-vivo OCT images with fixed tissue sections assumes the fixation of tissue has no effect on the size and configuration of final pathology images such as light micrographs. Fixation artifact has been a concern in numerous ...
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Book section · January 1, 2000
The Air Force has led a research effort to investigate the thresholds and mechanisms for retinal damage from ultrashort laser pulses [i.e. nanosecond (10-9 sec) to femtosecond (10-15 sec) pulse widths]. The results suggest that nonlin ...
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Book section · December 1, 1999
A new method of vitreous imaging which attempts to image tissue stiffness by applying acoustic radiation force is presented. The method yields the dynamic response of targets to the applied forces. For demonstration purposes, the B-Mode, maximum displaceme ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
Purpose: We wish to identify the change in extent of retinal tissue injury due to varying the spot size at the retina of ultrashort laser pulses. Methods: We compared the effects of delivery of near infrared (1060 nm) single laser pulses to an 800 micron d ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
In predicting and measuring laser effect on retinal tissue for most of the visible to near infrared spectrum, one is concerned with the melanosome as the major absorber of incident energy. Differences in the location and density of melanosomes in the retin ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
For the past several years the US Air Force has led a research effort to investigate the thresholds and mechanisms for retinal damage from ultrashort laser pulses [i.e. nanosecond (10-9 sec) to femtosecond (10-15 sec) pulse widths]. T ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
Damage thresholds using multiple laser pulses to produce minimum visible lesions (MVL) in rhesus monkey eyes are reported for near-infrared (800 nm) at 130 femtoseconds. Previous studies by our research group using single pulses in the near-infrared (1060 ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
Single pulses in the near-infrared (800 nanometers) were used to measure retinal minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds in rhesus monkey eyes at a pulse width of 130 femtoseconds (fs) within both the macula and paramacula regions. We report the MVL thresh ...
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Book section · January 1, 1999
Purpose: We analyzed the effect of energy and rate of cutting on the in vivo ocular response to 2.94 μm wavelength Free Electron Laser (FEL) incision of the cornea. We were interested in the difference between our clinical observations of the initial laser ...
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Book section · December 1, 1998
Ultrashort pulsed laser retinal effects vary widely depending on the configuration of the laser energy as it reaches the retina and surrounding structures. Tissue response is determined by: wavelength, pulsewidth, energy per pulse, peak irradiance, linear ...
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Book section · December 1, 1998
Single pulses in the near-infrared (1060 nanometers) were used to measure retinal spot size dependence of minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds in rhesus monkey eyes at a pulsewidth of 150 femtoseconds. We report the MVL thresholds determined at 1 hour a ...
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Book section · December 1, 1998
Extensive research of ultrashort ocular damage mechanisms has shown that less energy is required for retinal damage for pulses shorter than one nanosecond. Laser minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds for retinal damage from ultrashort (i.e. < 1 ns) laser ...
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Book section · December 1, 1998
Retinal lesions produced by ultrashort laser pulses in the pico- and femtosecond range were examined by electron microscopy. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that contained fractured and striated melanosomes typically exhibited severe damage to the o ...
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Book section · December 1, 1997
Minimum visible lesions (MVL) are reported for picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses at near-IR wavelengths in the primate eye, Macaca Mulatta. The 50 percent probability for damage (ED50) dosages are reported for the 24 hour for both MVL and f ...
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Book section · December 1, 1997
Purpose: to assess the early in vivo evolution of tissue response and wound healing from ultrashort pulsed laser retinal lesions by correlating the cross sectional morphology from sequential optical coherence tomography with histopathologic sectioning. Met ...
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Book section · December 1, 1997
Recent studies of retinal damage due to ultrashort laser pulses have shown that less energy is required for retinal damage for pulses shorter than one nanosecond. Laser minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds for retinal damage from ultrashort (i.e. < 1 ns ...
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Book section · January 1, 1996
Recent studies of retinal damage due to ultrashort laser pulses have shown interesting behavior. Laser induced retinal damage for ultrashort (i.e. less than 1 ns) laser pulses is produced at lower energies than in the nanosecond to microsecond laser pulse ...
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Book section · January 1, 1996
One concern during IR-laser ablation of tissue under water is the mechanical injury that may be induced in tissue due to rapid bubble expansion and collapse or due to strong laser-induced pressure waves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feas ...
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