Scholars@Duke
Cameron R. Bass

Cameron R. Bass

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
dale.bass@duke.edu
Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281
255 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Accuracy of Instrumented Mouthguards During Direct Jaw Impacts Seen in Boxing.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · December 2024 PurposeMeasuring head kinematics data is important to understand and develop methods and standards to mitigate head injuries in contact sports. Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) have been developed to address coupling issues with previous sensors. A ... Full text Cite

Biofidelity and Limitations of Instrumented Mouthguard Systems for Assessment of Rigid Body Head Kinematics.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · October 2024 Instrumented mouthguard systems (iMGs) are commonly used to study rigid body head kinematics across a variety of athletic environments. Previous work has found good fidelity for iMGs rigidly fixed to anthropomorphic test device (ATD) headforms when compare ... Full text Cite

Cyclic Mechanism Affects Lumbar Spine Creep Response.

Journal Article Ann Biomed Eng · August 4, 2024 PURPOSE: This study aims to explore how cyclic loading influences creep response in the lumbar spine under combined flexion-compression loading. METHODS: Ten porcine functional spinal units (FSUs) were mechanically tested in cyclic or static combined flexi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hydration State Throughout Porcine Lumbar Intervertebral Discs: Comparing Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Specimens.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · July 2024 Water content in intervertebral discs (IVDs) is essential for physiological and mechanical function. Freezing post-mortem tissue prior to biomechanical testing is a common practice to prevent tissue degradation, but this process has been theorized to alter ... Full text Cite

Human and Porcine Lumbar Endplate Injury Risk in Repeated Flexion-Compression.

Conference Annals of biomedical engineering · May 2024 Low back pain (LBP) affects 50-80% of adults at some point in their lifetime, yet the etiology of injury is not well understood. Those exposed to repeated flexion-compression are at a higher risk for LBP, such as helicopter pilots and motor vehicle operato ... Full text Cite

Translating Cadaveric Injury Risk to Dummy Injury Risk at Iso-energy.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · February 2024 Injury risk assessment based on cadaver data is essential for informing safety standards. The common 'matched-pair' method matches energy-based inputs to translate human response to anthropometric test devices (ATDs). However, this method can result in les ... Full text Cite

Female vs. male relative fatality risk in fatal motor vehicle crashes in the US, 1975-2020.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2024 Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for young adults 18-29 years old worldwide, resulting in nearly 1 million years of life lost annually in the United States. Despite improvements in vehicle safety technologies, young women are at highe ... Full text Open Access Cite

Matched-pair hybrid test paradigm for behind armor blunt trauma using an experimental animal model.

Journal Article Trauma surgery & acute care open · January 2024 BackgroundThe current behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) injury criterion uses a single penetration limit of 44 mm in Roma Plastilina clay and is not specific to thoracoabdominal regions. However, different regions in the human body have different i ... Full text Cite

Primary Creep Characterization in Porcine Lumbar Spine Subject to Repeated Loading

Journal Article Annals of Biomedical Engineering · January 1, 2024 Low back pain (LBP) is a common medical condition worldwide, though the etiology of injuries causing most LBP is unknown. Flexion and repeated compression increase lumbar injury risk, yet the complex viscoelastic behavior of the lumbar spine has not been c ... Full text Cite

Correction to: Primary Creep Characterization in Porcine Lumbar Spine Subject to Repeated Loading (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, (2024), 10.1007/s10439-024-03557-2)

Journal Article Annals of Biomedical Engineering · January 1, 2024 Authors Shea Middleton, Joost Op't Eynde, Elizabeth Dimbath, Jason Kait, and Jason Luck should have affiliation #2: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ... Full text Cite

A Novel Paradigm to Develop Regional Thoracoabdominal Criteria for Behind Armor Blunt Trauma Based on Original Data.

Journal Article Military medicine · November 2023 IntroductionFor behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), recent prominent BABT standards for chest plate define a maximum deformation distance of 44 mm in clay. It was developed for soft body armor applications with limited animal, gelatin, and clay test ... Full text Cite

Lumbar response to flexion-compression in cyclic and quasi-static loading in intervertebral discs

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2023 Cite

Biofidelity and Limitations of Instrumented Mouthguard Systems for Assessment of Rigid Body Head Kinematics

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2023 Instrumented mouthguard systems are used to study rigid body head kinematics in vivo in a variety of athletic environments. Previous work has assessed these systems when rigidly attached to anthropomorphic test device (ATD) heads and found good fidelity co ... Cite

Modelling Viscoelastic Creep Response of Porcine Lumbar Spinal Units Exposed to Repeated Flexion-Compression Loading

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2023 Lower back pain is highly prevalent globally, yet the aetiology is poorly and incompletely understood. Lower back pain is common among those with a history of frequent cyclic combined loading, such as long-haul and short-haul truck drivers and high-speed w ... Cite

Female vs. Male Relative Risk of Body System Injuries in Fatal and Non-Fatal Crashes

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2022 Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death both in the United States and around the world. While research has showed younger females are at increased risk of fatality in fatal crashes, the underlying cause of this disparity is unclear. Data from th ... Cite

Translating Post-mortem Human Subject Injury Risk to Dummy Injury Risk at Iso-energy

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2022 Injury risk assessment based on post-mortem human subject (PMHS) data is essential for informing safety standards. The common 'matched-pair' method, which matches energy-based inputs to translate human response to dummy, consistently results in less conser ... Cite

The Human Lumbar Spine During High-Rate Under Seat Loading: A Combined Metric Injury Criteria.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · November 2021 Modern changes in warfare have shown an increased incidence of lumbar spine injuries caused by underbody blast events. The susceptibility of the lumbar spine during these scenarios could be exacerbated by coupled moments that act with the rapid compressive ... Full text Cite

Acoustic emissions in vertebral cortical shell failure.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · March 2021 Understanding the initiation of bony failure is critical in assessing the progression of bone fracture and in developing injury criteria. Detection of acoustic emissions in bone can be used to identify fractures more sensitively and at an earlier inception ... Full text Cite

Time and temperature sensitivity of the hybrid III lumbar spine.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · January 2021 ObjectiveResearchers have found a variety of uses for the Hybrid III (HIII) dummy that fall beyond the scope of its original purpose as an automotive crash test dummy. Some of these expanded roles for the HIII introduce situations that were not en ... Full text Cite

Direct Observation of Low Strain, High Rate Deformation of Cultured Brain Tissue During Primary Blast.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · April 2020 The Veterans Health Administration determined that over 250,000 U.S. service members were diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) between 2008 and 2018, of which a great proportion were due to blast exposure. Although the penetrating (secondary) and ... Full text Cite

Efficacy of Medical Operations and Layout Planning Onboard Nontraditional US Navy Vessels at High Seas.

Journal Article Military medicine · January 2020 IntroductionAttempting to expedite delivery of care to wounded war fighters, this study aimed to quantify the ability of medical and surgical teams to perform lifesaving damage control and resuscitation procedures aboard nontraditional US Navy Ves ... Full text Cite

Assessing Surgical Task Load and Performance: A Comparison of Simulation and Maritime Operation.

Journal Article Military medicine · January 2020 IntroductionThis study examined the effects of simulated and actual vessel motion at high seas on task load and surgical performance.MethodsThis project was performed in phases. Phase I was a feasibility study. Phase II utilized a motion ... Full text Cite

Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design: A historical comparison between present day and World War I.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2020 Since World War I, helmets have been used to protect the head in warfare, designed primarily for protection against artillery shrapnel. More recently, helmet requirements have included ballistic and blunt trauma protection, but neurotrauma from primary bla ... Full text Cite

Acoustic Detection of Blunt-Induced Cavitation in the Head

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2020 The occurrence of cavitation in the brain from blunt impact is difficult to investigate and remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate cavitation formation from blunt impact, without compromising the cranial cavity, using novel a ... Cite

The role of cervical muscles in mitigating concussion.

Journal Article Journal of science and medicine in sport · June 2019 ObjectivesIncreased neck strength has been hypothesized to lower sports related concussion risk, but lacks experimental evidence. The goal is to investigate the role cervical muscle strength plays in blunt impact head kinematics and the biofidelit ... Full text Cite

On the relative importance of bending and compression in cervical spine bilateral facet dislocation.

Journal Article Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · April 2019 BackgroundCervical bilateral facet dislocations are among the most devastating spine injuries in terms of likelihood of severe neurological sequelae. More than half of patients with tetraparesis had sustained some form of bilateral facet fracture ... Full text Cite

High-rate viscoelastic shear model of porcine skin, lung and liver tissue

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2019 Computational models that evaluate high-rate loading scenarios to the thorax rely on material properties of the impacted soft tissues. The shear behaviour of these soft tissues, including viscoelastic stress relaxation, needs to be accounted for in an accu ... Cite

Pre-Clinical Testing of Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · December 2018 Despite the large number of promising neuroprotective agents identified in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) studies, none has yet shown meaningful improvements in long-term outcome in clinical trials. To develop recommendations and guidelines for ... Full text Cite

Interspecies Scaling in Blast Pulmonary Trauma

Journal Article Human Factors and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety · December 1, 2018 The increased frequency of blast exposure from improvised explosive devices in military settings and terrorist bombings in civilian settings has led to extensive investigation of blast trauma. Thousands of tests have been conducted in animal models of blas ... Full text Cite

Long-term complications of glycogen storage disease type Ia in the canine model treated with gene replacement therapy.

Conference J Inherit Metab Dis · November 2018 BACKGROUND: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) in dogs closely resembles human GSD Ia. Untreated patients with GSD Ia develop complications associated with glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. Survival of human patients on intensive nutritiona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Foul tip impact attenuation of baseball catcher masks using head impact metrics.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2018 Currently, no scientific consensus exists on the relative safety of catcher mask styles and materials. Due to differences in mass and material properties, the style and material of a catcher mask influences the impact metrics observed during simulated foul ... Full text Cite

Time and temperature sensitivity of the Hybrid III neck.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · January 2018 The Hybrid III (HIII) dummy is one of the most widely used anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) in the world, and researchers have found a variety of uses for it outside of its original purpose as an automotive crash test dummy. These expanded roles have in ... Full text Cite

Novel fractional viscoelastic model of ligaments for high strain rates

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2018 Injuries to cervical spine ligaments are a common occurrence in high-rate events. To build an accurate computational model that describes the mechanical behaviour of these ligaments at a fast strain rate, their viscoelastic behaviour needs to be accounted ... Cite

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition restored hippocampal long term potentiation after primary blast.

Journal Article Experimental neurology · July 2017 Due to recent military conflicts and terrorist attacks, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) presents a health concern for military and civilian personnel alike. Although secondary blast (penetrating injury) and tertiary blast (inertia-driven brain ... Full text Cite

Screening for novel central nervous system biomarkers in veterans with Gulf War Illness.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · May 2017 Gulf War illness (GWI) is primarily diagnosed by symptom report; objective biomarkers are needed that distinguish those with GWI. Prior chemical exposures during deployment have been associated in epidemiologic studies with altered central nervous system f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Male and Female Cervical Spine Biomechanics and Anatomy: Implication for Scaling Injury Criteria.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanical engineering · May 2017 There is an increased need to develop female-specific injury criteria and anthropomorphic test devices (dummies) for military and automotive environments, especially as women take occupational roles traditionally reserved for men. Although some exhaustive ... Full text Cite

Dynamic Response and Residual Helmet Liner Crush Using Cadaver Heads and Standard Headforms.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · March 2017 Biomechanical headforms are used for helmet certification testing and reconstructing helmeted head impacts; however, their biofidelity and direct applicability to human head and helmet responses remain unclear. Dynamic responses of cadaver heads and three ... Full text Cite

Primary Blast Injury Depressed Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation through Disruption of Synaptic Proteins.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · March 2017 Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a major threat to United States service members in military conflicts worldwide. The effects of primary blast, caused by the supersonic shockwave interacting with the skull and brain, remain unclear. Our group ... Full text Cite

Did a "lucky shot" sink the submarine H.L. Hunley?

Journal Article Forensic Sci Int · January 2017 The H.L. Hunley was the first submarine to be successful in combat, sinking the Union vessel Housatonic outside Charleston Harbor in 1864 during the Civil War. However, despite marking a milestone in military history, little is known about this vessel or w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Air blast injuries killed the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2017 The submarine H.L. Hunley was the first submarine to sink an enemy ship during combat; however, the cause of its sinking has been a mystery for over 150 years. The Hunley set off a 61.2 kg (135 lb) black powder torpedo at a distance less than 5 m (16 ft) o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of neck musculature on head kinematic response following blunt impact

Conference Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI · January 1, 2017 Increased neck musculature has been hypothesized to lower the risk of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but this lacks experimental evidence. Here, it was hypothesized that due to low initial coupling between the head and cervical spine and the low momen ... Cite

Primary Blast Exposure Increases Hippocampal Vulnerability to Subsequent Exposure: Reducing Long-Term Potentiation.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · October 2016 Up to 80% of injuries sustained by U.S. soldiers in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom were the result of blast exposure from improvised explosive devices. Some soldiers experience multiple blasts while on duty, and it has been suggeste ... Full text Cite

Deriving injury risk curves using survival analysis from biomechanical experiments.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · October 2016 Injury risk curves from biomechanical experimental data analysis are used in automotive studies to improve crashworthiness and advance occupant safety. Metrics such as acceleration and deflection coupled with outcomes such as fractures and anatomical disru ... Full text Cite

A method for developing biomechanical response corridors based on principal component analysis.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · October 2016 The standard method for specifying target responses for human surrogates, such as crash test dummies and human computational models, involves developing a corridor based on the distribution of a set of empirical mechanical responses. These responses are co ... Full text Cite

Primary blast injury causes cognitive impairments and hippocampal circuit alterations.

Journal Article Experimental neurology · September 2016 Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and its long term consequences are a major health concern among veterans. Despite recent work enhancing our knowledge about bTBI, very little is known about the contribution of the blast wave alone to the observe ... Full text Cite

Bandwidth and sample rate requirements for wearable head impact sensors.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · September 2016 Wearable inertial sensors measure human head impact kinematics important to the on-going development and validation of head injury criteria. However, sensor specifications have not been scientifically justified in the context of the anticipated field impac ... Full text Cite

Time Course and Size of Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in a Mouse Model of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · July 2016 An increasing number of studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Despite this evidence, there is limited quantitative understanding of the extent of BBB opening and the time course of da ... Full text Cite

Effect of the mandible on mouthguard measurements of head kinematics.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · June 2016 Wearable sensors are becoming increasingly popular for measuring head motions and detecting head impacts. Many sensors are worn on the skin or in headgear and can suffer from motion artifacts introduced by the compliance of soft tissue or decoupling of hea ... Full text Cite

Isolated Primary Blast Inhibits Long-Term Potentiation in Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · April 2016 Over the last 13 years, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has affected over 230,000 U.S. service members through the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, mostly as a result of exposure to blast events. Blast-induced TBI (bTBI) is multi-phasic, with the penetratin ... Full text Cite

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Journal Article Forensic Sci Int · March 2016 On the evening of February 17th, 1864, the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley attacked the Union ship USS Housatonic outside Charleston, South Carolina and became the first submarine in history to successfully sink an enemy ship in combat. One hypothesis fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact responses of the cervical spine: A computational study of the effects of muscle activity, torso constraint, and pre-flexion.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · February 2016 Cervical spine injuries continue to be a costly societal problem. Future advancements in injury prevention depend on improved physical and computational models, which are predicated on a better understanding of the neck response during dynamic loading. Pre ... Full text Cite

Sensitive injury detection in the cervical spine using acoustic emission and continuous wavelet transform

Conference 2016 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2016 Assessing the initiation of failure is critical to understanding the progression of spinal injuries and to developing injury criteria. These incipient injuries are being assessed more frequently using acoustic emissions. However, the signals tend to be cha ... Cite

Drug treatment prevents primary blast-induced deficit in long-term potentiation in rat brain slice cultures

Conference 2016 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2016 Cite

Understanding the brain injury mechanisms of primary blast exposure

Conference 2016 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2016 Blast brain injury research has largely focused on the pressure transmission of the blast wave to the head. However, the large dynamic pressures can also cause high head accelerations. The injury mechanisms and sequelae from shock waves and head accelerati ... Cite

The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · November 2015 Head injury is a persistent and costly problem for both children and adults. Globally, approximately 10 million people are hospitalized each year for head injuries. Knowing the structural properties of the head is important for modeling the response of the ... Full text Cite

A point-wise normalization method for development of biofidelity response corridors.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · November 2015 An updated technique to develop biofidelity response corridors (BRCs) is presented. BRCs provide a representative range of time-dependent responses from multiple experimental tests of a parameter from multiple biological surrogates (often cadaveric). The s ... Full text Cite

Pediatric Coronal Suture Fiber Alignment and the Effect of Interdigitation on Coronal Suture Mechanical Properties.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · September 2015 The morphological and mechanical properties of the pediatric skull are important in understanding pediatric head injury biomechanics. Although previous studies have analyzed the morphology of cranial sutures, none has done so in pediatric specimens nor hav ... Full text Cite

Underwater blast injury: a review of standards.

Journal Article Diving Hyperb Med · September 2015 The first cases of underwater blast injury appeared in the scientific literature in 1917, and thousands of service members and civilians were injured or killed by underwater blast during WWII. The prevalence of underwater blast injuries and occupational bl ... Link to item Cite

Dexamethasone potentiates in vitro blood-brain barrier recovery after primary blast injury by glucocorticoid receptor-mediated upregulation of ZO-1 tight junction protein.

Journal Article Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · July 2015 Owing to the frequent incidence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in recent military conflicts, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapies for bTBI-related pathologies. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been reported to occur ... Full text Cite

Material characterization of in vivo and in vitro porcine brain using shear wave elasticity.

Journal Article Ultrasound in medicine & biology · March 2015 Realistic computer simulation of closed head trauma requires accurate mechanical properties of brain tissue, ideally in vivo. A substantive deficiency of most existing experimental brain data is that properties were identified through in vitro mechanical t ... Full text Cite

Injuries of the head from backface deformation of ballistic protective helmets under ballistic impact.

Journal Article Journal of forensic sciences · January 2015 Modern ballistic helmets defeat penetrating bullets by energy transfer from the projectile to the helmet, producing helmet deformation. This deformation may cause severe injuries without completely perforating the helmet, termed "behind armor blunt trauma" ... Full text Cite

Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics

Book · January 1, 2015 The skull and facial bones are biomechanically complex. This chapter outlines existing research on the impact and fracture response of the skull and facial bones including the calvarium, maxilla, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, orbit, and mandible. The chapter ... Full text Cite

Human Injury Criteria for Underwater Blasts.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2015 Underwater blasts propagate further and injure more readily than equivalent air blasts. Development of effective personal protection and countermeasures, however, requires knowledge of the currently unknown human tolerance to underwater blast. Current guid ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delayed inhibition of long-term potentiation in rat brain slice cultures caused by primary blast exposure

Conference 2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2015 Cite

Primary blast exposure reduces brain tolerance to subsequent blast

Conference 2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2015 Cite

Validation of a skin-mounted sensor for measuring in-vivo head impacts

Conference 2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2015 Cite

Scaling in neurotrauma: how do we apply animal experiments to people?

Journal Article Experimental neurology · November 2014 Scaling is an essential component for translating the clinical outcomes of a neurotrauma model to the human equivalent. This article reviews the principles of biomechanical scaling for traumatic brain injuries, and a number of different approaches to scali ... Full text Cite

The response of the adult and ATD heads to impacts onto a rigid surface.

Journal Article Accident; analysis and prevention · November 2014 Given the high incidence of TBI, head injury has been studied extensively using both cadavers and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). However, few studies have benchmarked the response of ATD heads against human data. Hence, the objective of this study is ... Full text Cite

Significant head accelerations can influence immediate neurological impairments in a murine model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanical engineering · September 2014 Although blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is well recognized for its significance in the military population, the unique mechanisms of primary bTBI remain undefined. Animate models of primary bTBI are critical for determining these potentially u ... Full text Cite

Isolated primary blast alters neuronal function with minimal cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · July 2014 An increasing number of U.S. soldiers are diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) subsequent to exposure to blast. In the field, blast injury biomechanics are highly complex and multi-phasic. The pathobiology caused by exposure to some of these phases ... Full text Cite

Planar wave propagation in shock tubes for replicating blast injury

Conference 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, WCCM 2014, 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics, ECCM 2014 and 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECFD 2014 · July 1, 2014 To replicate clinically relevant blast trauma, shock tubes are often employed. One key assumption in the use of compressed gas or explosive driven shock tubes is that the shock wave output is planar no matter what the cross section of the shock tube and a ... Cite

The influence of muscle modeling methods and paths on head and neck response

Conference 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, WCCM 2014, 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics, ECCM 2014 and 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECFD 2014 · July 1, 2014 For inertial loading in frontal impacts, the effects of the neck muscles are profound, and impact the accuracy of computational and physical surrogates. Previous studies have shown two important aspects of muscle modeling in adult computational models are ... Cite

IN VS. OUT: CONTROVERSIES IN SHOCK TUBE BLAST EXPERIMENTS

Conference JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA · June 15, 2014 Link to item Cite

Repeated primary blast injury causes delayed recovery, but not additive disruption, in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · May 2014 Recent studies have demonstrated increased susceptibility to breakdown of the cerebral vasculature associated with repetitive traumatic brain injury. We hypothesized that exposure to two consecutive blast injuries would result in exacerbated damage to an i ... Full text Cite

The mechanics of traumatic brain injury: a review of what we know and what we need to know for reducing its societal burden.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanical engineering · February 2014 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem, on pace to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. Moreover, emerging evidence linking repeated mild traumatic brain injury to long-term neurodegenerative disorders poi ... Full text Cite

Three-dimensional adult male head and skull contours.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · January 2014 ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, affecting millions of people annually. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and finite element models (FEMs) provide a means of understanding factors leading to TBI, potentially ... Full text Cite

Pediatric head and neck dynamics in frontal impact: analysis of important mechanical factors and proposed neck performance corridors for 6- and 10-year-old ATDs.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · January 2014 ObjectiveTraumatic injuries are the leading cause of death of children aged 1-19 in the United States and are principally caused by motor vehicle collisions, with the head being the primary region injured. The neck, though not commonly injured, go ... Full text Cite

An open-source toolbox for automated phenotyping of mice in behavioral tasks.

Journal Article Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · January 2014 Classifying behavior patterns in mouse models of neurological, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is critical for understanding disease causality and treatment. However, complete characterization of behavior is time-intensive, prone to subjective ... Full text Cite

Primary blast injury erases long term potentiation in rat brain organotypic hippocampal slices

Conference 2014 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2014 Cite

Dynamic failure localization in spinal specimens using acoustic emissions

Conference 2014 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2014 Understanding the dynamic failure behavior of the spine is important in prevention of acute spinal injuries and chronic spinal pain. Traditional failure identification techniques are poor indicators of less severe injuries including incipient failure. One ... Cite

Material characterization of in vivo and in vitro porcine brain using shear wave elasticity

Journal Article IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS · December 1, 2013 Shear wave elasticity imaging was used to examine changes in porcine brain tissue shear modulus as a function of several experimental and physiological parameters. Animal studies were performed with two different ultrasound transducers. Four in vivo subjec ... Full text Cite

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction after primary blast injury in vitro.

Journal Article Journal of neurotrauma · October 2013 The incidence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has increased substantially in recent military conflicts. However, the consequences of bTBI on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized cerebrovascular structure essential for brain homeostas ... Full text Cite

EFFECTS OF OVERPRESSURE DURATION ON BLAST NEUROTRAUMA RESEARCH

Conference JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA · August 1, 2013 Link to item Cite

Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests.

Journal Article Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · February 2013 BackgroundClinical studies increasingly report brain injury and not pulmonary injury following blast exposures, despite the increased frequency of exposure to explosive devices. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of personal body a ... Full text Cite

Scaling in blast neurotrauma

Journal Article 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2013 The high incidence of blast exposure on today's battlefield has been strongly associated with traumatic brain injuries. Anecdotal evidence of prolonged apnea following blast exposure has been observed in military personnel and is commonly reproduced in ani ... Cite

Compressive mechanical properties of the perinatal, neonatal and pediatric cervical spine

Conference 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · January 1, 2013 Quantifying the biomechanical response of the pediatric cervical spine is a fundamental step in improving our understanding of the genesis of pediatric neck injuries and determining the influence of neck response on head trauma. Pediatric cervical spine bi ... Cite

Tensile failure properties of the perinatal, neonatal, and pediatric cadaveric cervical spine.

Journal Article Spine · January 2013 Study designBiomechanical tensile testing of perinatal, neonatal, and pediatric cadaveric cervical spines to failure.ObjectiveTo assess the tensile failure properties of the cervical spine from birth to adulthood.Summary of background ... Full text Cite

Mesh considerations for finite element blast modelling in biomechanics.

Journal Article Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering · January 2013 Finite element (FE) modelling is a popular tool for studying human body response to blast exposure. However, blast modelling is a complex problem owing to more numerous fluid-structure interactions (FSIs) and the high-frequency loading that accompanies bla ... Full text Cite

Importance of muscle activations for biofidelic pediatric neck response in computational models.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · January 2013 ObjectiveDuring dynamic injury scenarios, such as motor vehicle crashes, neck biomechanics contribute to head excursion and acceleration, influencing head injuries. One important tool in understanding head and neck dynamics is computational modeli ... Full text Cite

Risk of lumbar spine injury from cyclic compressive loading.

Journal Article Spine · December 2012 Study designSurvival analyses of a large cohort of published lumbar spine compression fatigue tests.ObjectiveTo produce the first large-scale evaluation of human lumbar spine tolerance to repetitive compressive loading and to evaluate and ... Full text Cite

Integrity disruption of an in vitro blood-brain barrier model following exposure to blast overpressure

Journal Article 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · October 29, 2012 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the signature injury of modern military conflicts due to the prevalence of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). However, the pathobiology of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and its effects on the blood-brain barr ... Cite

Impact properties of adult and ATD heads

Conference 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury · October 29, 2012 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 1.1 million trips to the hospital each year in the US, with 235,000 of these injuries requiring admissions. Given the importance of TBI, head injury has been studied extensively using both cadavers and anthropomorphic te ... Cite

Brain injury risk from primary blast.

Journal Article The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · October 2012 BACKGROUND: Military service members are often exposed to at least one explosive event, and many blast-exposed veterans present with symptoms of traumatic brain injury. However, there is little information on the intensity and duration of blast necessary t ... Full text Cite

The mechanical and morphological properties of 6 year-old cranial bone.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · October 2012 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity for children in the United States. The unavailability of pediatric cadavers makes it difficult to study and characterize the mechanical behavior of the pediatric skull. Computer bas ... Full text Cite

How few? Bayesian statistics in injury biomechanics.

Journal Article Stapp car crash journal · October 2012 In injury biomechanics, there are currently no general a priori estimates of how few specimens are necessary to obtain sufficiently accurate injury risk curves for a given underlying distribution. Further, several methods are available for constructing the ... Full text Cite

A multiscale approach to blast neurotrauma modeling: Part II: Methodology for inducing blast injury to in vitro models

Journal Article Frontiers in Neurology · September 12, 2012 Due to the prominent role of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in wounding patterns of U.S. war-fighters in Iraq and Afghanistan, blast injury has risen to a new level of importance and is recognized to be a major cause of injuries to the brain. However, ... Full text Cite

Biomechanical response targets for physical and computational models of the pediatric trunk.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · September 2012 ObjectivesThis paper quantifies pediatric thoracoabdominal response to belt loading to guide the scaling of existing adult response data and to assess the validity of a juvenile porcine abdominal model for application to the development of physica ... Full text Cite

Development of a finite element model for blast brain injury and the effects of CSF cavitation.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · July 2012 Blast-related traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent injury for combat personnel seen in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet as a research community,we still do not fully understand the detailed etiology and pathology of this injury. F ... Full text Cite

Sound induced vertigo: superior canal dehiscence resulting from blast exposure.

Journal Article Arch Phys Med Rehabil · April 2012 Barotrauma is common in modern warfare. We present the first description of sound induced vertigo caused by superior canal dehiscence (SCD) precipitated by blast exposure. Patients who complain of balance or visual changes after military or terrorist blast ... Full text Link to item Cite

Primary blast survival and injury risk assessment for repeated blast exposures.

Journal Article The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · February 2012 BackgroundThe widespread use of explosives by modern insurgents and terrorists has increased the potential frequency of blast exposure in soldiers and civilians. This growing threat highlights the importance of understanding and evaluating blast i ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of pediatric skull fracture imaging techniques.

Journal Article Forensic Sci Int · January 10, 2012 Radiologic imaging is crucial in the diagnosis of skull fracture, but there is some doubt as to whether different imaging modalities can accurately identify fractures present on a human skull. While studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Musculoskeletal cell mechanics

Chapter · January 1, 2012 Musculoskeletal mechanics occur over many length scales, from macroscopic muscle extension and weight-bearing bone compression to microscopic muscle bers, down to the cytoskeleton that supports the bone cell structure and facilitates muscle cell contractio ... Full text Cite

Review: managing posttraumatic stress disorder in combat veterans with comorbid traumatic brain injury.

Journal Article Journal of rehabilitation research and development · January 2012 Military deployments to Afghanistan and Iraq have been associated with elevated prevalence of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) among combat veterans. The diagnosis and management of PTSD when a comorbid TBI may als ... Full text Cite

Brain injuries from blast.

Journal Article Annals of biomedical engineering · January 2012 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from blast produces a number of conundrums. This review focuses on five fundamental questions including: (1) What are the physical correlates for blast TBI in humans? (2) Why is there limited evidence of traditional pulmonary i ... Full text Cite

Porcine head response to blast.

Journal Article Frontiers in neurology · January 2012 Recent studies have shown an increase in the frequency of traumatic brain injuries related to blast exposure. However, the mechanisms that cause blast neurotrauma are unknown. Blast neurotrauma research using computational models has been one method to elu ... Full text Cite

An apparatus for tensile and bending tests of perinatal, neonatal, pediatric and adult cadaver osteoligamentous cervical spines.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · January 2012 Investigations of biomechanical properties of pediatric cadaver cervical spines subjected to tensile or bending modes of loading are generally limited by a lack of available tissue and limiting sample sizes, both per age and across age ranges. It is theref ... Full text Cite

A Multiscale Approach to Blast Neurotrauma Modeling: Part I - Development of Novel Test Devices for in vivo and in vitro Blast Injury Models.

Journal Article Frontiers in neurology · January 2012 The loading conditions used in some current in vivo and in vitro blast-induced neurotrauma models may not be representative of real-world blast conditions. To address these limitations, we developed a compressed-gas driven shock tube with different driven ... Full text Cite

Survival risk assessment for primary blast exposures to the head.

Journal Article J Neurotrauma · November 2011 Many soldiers returning from the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have had at least one exposure to an explosive event and a significant number have symptoms consistent with traumatic brain injury. Although blast injury risk functions have been de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experimental modal analysis of the advanced combat helmet

Journal Article ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2011 · January 1, 2011 In this work we present a study of the characterization of an Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) using experimental modal analysis techniques. A medium-sized helmet was impacted at different location and the vibration response was used to estimate a global frequ ... Full text Cite

Pediatric Head Contours and Inertial Properties for ATD Design

Conference SAE Technical Papers · November 3, 2010 Child head trauma in the United States is responsible for 30% of all childhood injury deaths with costs estimated at $10 billion per year. The common tools for studying this problem are the child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The headform sizes and ... Full text Cite

Pediatric head contours and inertial properties for ATD design.

Journal Article Stapp Car Crash J · November 2010 Child head trauma in the United States is responsible for 30% of all childhood injury deaths with costs estimated at $10 billion per year. The common tools for studying this problem are the child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The headform sizes and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary injury risk assessment for long-duration blasts: a meta-analysis.

Journal Article The Journal of trauma · August 2010 BackgroundLong-duration blasts are an increasing threat with the expanded use of thermobaric and other novel explosives. Other potential long-duration threats include large explosions from improvised explosive devices, weapons caches, and other ex ... Full text Cite

Comparison of Hybrid III child test dummies to pediatric PMHS in blunt thoracic impact response.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · August 2010 The limited availability of pediatric biomechanical impact response data presents a significant challenge to the development of child dummies. In the absence of these data, the development of the current generation of child dummies has been driven by scali ... Full text Cite

Drosophila melanogaster larvae as a model for blast lung injury.

Journal Article The Journal of trauma · July 2010 BackgroundPrimary blast injuries, specifically lung injuries, resulting from blast overpressure exposures are a major source of mortality for victims of blast events. However, existing pulmonary injury criteria are inappropriate for common exposur ... Full text Cite

Kinematic response of the spine during simulated aircraft ejections.

Journal Article Aviation, space, and environmental medicine · May 2010 IntroductionMilitary aviators are susceptible to spinal injuries during high-speed ejection scenarios. These injuries commonly arise as a result of strains induced by extreme flexion or compression of the spinal column. This study characterizes th ... Full text Cite

Kinematics of the thorax under dynamic belt loading conditions

Journal Article International Journal of Crashworthiness · April 1, 2010 This research was completed as part of an ongoing effort to characterise human thoracic response to belt loading in a well controlled and repeatable laboratory environment. This paper presents the results of eight tests conducted on three post-mortem human ... Full text Cite

Re-evaluating the neck injury index (NII) using experimental PMHS tests.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · April 2010 ObjectiveThe neck injury index, NII, developed in ISO 13232 (2005) as a testing and evaluation procedure for assessing the risk of injury to the AO/C1/C2 region of the cervical spine in motorcycle riders is reevaluated using an existing postmortem ... Full text Cite

Expansion and evaluation of data characterizing the structural behavior of the pediatric abdomen

Journal Article Annals of advances in automotive medicine / Annual Scientific Conference ... Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Scientific Conference · January 1, 2010 Despite the importance of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle collisions, only two papers have reported experimental data quantifying the pediatric abdominal response to belt loading. One developed and characterized a porcine model of ... Cite

Viscoelastic properties of Hybrid III head skin

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2010 The biofidelity of the Hybrid III headform in impact is largely dependent on local head geometry and viscoelastic mechanical properties of its polymer skin. Accordingly, for accurate simulation of the ATD headform in computational models, a quantitative un ... Full text Cite

Expansion and evaluation of data characterizing the structural behavior of the pediatric abdomen.

Conference Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference · January 2010 Despite the importance of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle collisions, only two papers have reported experimental data quantifying the pediatric abdominal response to belt loading. One developed and characterized a porcine model of ... Cite

Viscoelastic and failure properties of spine ligament collagen fascicles.

Journal Article Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · December 2009 The microstructural volume fractions, orientations, and interactions among components vary widely for different ligament types. If these variations are understood, however, it is conceivable to develop a general ligament model that is based on microstructu ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of ear-mounted sensors for determining impact head acceleration

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings · December 1, 2009 The objective of this study was to compare the coupling of ear-mounted accelerometers with the head during moderate rate and high rate impacts. Impact tests were performed on PMHS equipped with ear-mounted accelerometers and head-mounted accelerometers usi ... Cite

Viscoelastic properties of spine ligament collagen fascicles

Journal Article Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, SBC2008 · December 1, 2009 Cite

Improving earpiece accelerometer coupling to the head

Journal Article SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems · December 1, 2009 As accurate measuring of head accelerations is an important aspect in predicting head injury, it is important that the measuring sensor be well-coupled to the head. Various sensors and sensor mounting schemes have been attempted in the past with varying re ... Cite

Pediatric Thoracoabdominal Biomechanics

Conference SAE Technical Papers · November 2, 2009 No experimental data exist quantifying the force-deformation behavior of the pediatric chest when subjected to non-impact, dynamic loading from a diagonal belt or a distributed loading surface. Kent et al., (2006) previously published juvenile abdominal re ... Full text Cite

Pediatric thoracoabdominal biomechanics.

Journal Article Stapp car crash journal · November 2009 No experimental data exist quantifying the force-deformation behavior of the pediatric chest when subjected to non-impact, dynamic loading from a diagonal belt or a distributed loading surface. Kent et al. (2006) previously published juvenile abdominal res ... Full text Cite

The transient relationship between pressure and volume in the pediatric pulmonary system.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanics · August 2009 An accurate understanding of the relationship between pulmonary pressure and volume is required for modeling pulmonary mechanics in a variety of clinical applications. In this study the experimental techniques and mathematical formulations used to characte ... Full text Cite

Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · June 2009 ObjectiveThree postmortem human surrogates (PMHS) were positioned and rigidly mounted through the spine to a tabletop test fixture for the purpose of characterizing thoracic response to diagonal belt loading with well-defined boundary conditions.< ... Full text Cite

Load path distribution within the pelvic structure under lateral loading

Journal Article International Journal of Crashworthiness · February 1, 2009 Lateral loading of the pelvis occurs for both vehicle occupants struck during side impacts as well as pedestrians. This research investigated the load distribution through the anterior (i.e. pubic symphysis) and posterior (i.e. sacrum) aspects of the pelvi ... Full text Cite

Assessing the neck injury index (NII) using experimental cadaver tests

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings · December 1, 2008 The neck injury index, NII, was developed in ISO 13232-5 (2005) as a testing and evaluation procedure for assessing the risk of injury to the AO/C1/C2 region of the cervical spine in motorcycle riders. A recent series of 36 head/neck component tests was us ... Cite

Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings · December 1, 2008 Three post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS) were mounted to a stationary apparatus that supported the spine and shoulders in a configuration comparable to that seen in a 48 km/h automobile sled test at the time of maximum chest deformation. A belt restraint ... Cite

The importance of muscle tension on the outcome of impacts with a major vertical component

Journal Article International Journal of Crashworthiness · October 1, 2008 The hypothesis that muscle tension protects the spine from injuries in helicopter scenarios was tested using a finite-element model of the human head and neck. It was compared with cadaver crash sled experiment with good correlation. Then, simulations were ... Full text Cite

Pulmonary injury risk assessment for short-duration blasts.

Journal Article The Journal of trauma · September 2008 BackgroundBlast injuries are becoming more common in modern war and terrorist action. This increasing threat underscores the importance of understanding and evaluating blast effects.MethodsFor this study, data on more than 2,550 large ani ... Full text Cite

Thoracic and lumbar spinal impact tolerance.

Journal Article Accident; analysis and prevention · March 2008 IntroductionThoracolumbar injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents, falls, and assaults have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. However, there are no biomechanically based standards that address this problem.MethodsThis study ... Full text Cite

Viscoelastic properties of the cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations.

Journal Article Acta biomaterialia · January 2008 The mechanical response of ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations is a necessary input into computational models that are used for injury assessment. However, this information frequently is not available for the ligaments that are routinely injured ... Full text Cite

Improving earpiece accelerometer coupling to the head

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2008 As accurate measuring of head accelerations is an important aspect in predicting head injury, it is important that the measuring sensor be well-coupled to the head. Various sensors and sensor mounting schemes have been attempted in the past with varying re ... Full text Cite

Development of dynamics models for assessing spinal dynamics and injury from repeated impact in high speed planing boats

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2008 High speed craft are used by civilian agencies and the military for rescue, for interdiction, and for rapid insertion and extraction of forces. Ensign et al. (2000) found evidence of a significant injury problem in a study of self-reported injuries of boat ... Full text Cite

Dynamics models for the assessment of spinal injury from repeated impact in high speed planing boats

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings · December 1, 2007 High speed craft are used by civilian agencies and the military for rescue, interdiction and for rapid insertion and extraction of forces. ISO-2631 Part 5 has been shown to be as good as or better than any other injury criterion for assessing lumbar spinal ... Cite

The temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of porcine lumbar spine ligaments.

Journal Article Spine · July 2007 Study designA uniaxial tensile loading study of 13 lumbar porcine ligaments under varying environmental temperature conditions.ObjectivesTo investigate a possible temperature dependence of the material behavior of porcine lumbar anterior ... Full text Cite

Failure properties of cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain rate deformations.

Journal Article Spine · January 2007 Study designThe failure responses of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum were examined in vitro under large strain-rate mechanical loading.ObjectiveTo quantify the failure properties ... Full text Cite

A new neck injury criterion in combined vertical/frontal crashes with head supported mass

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings · December 1, 2006 This study developed a new neck injury risk function suitable for use in frontal crashes with occupant orientation ranging from predominantly horizontal to predominantly vertical in the occupant anterior-posterior (A/P) direction. In this study, 36 cadaver ... Cite

Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · September 2006 ObjectiveThis article assesses the position-dependent injury tolerance of the hip in the frontal direction based on testing of eight postmortem human subjects.MethodsFor each subject, the left and right hemipelvis complex was axially load ... Full text Cite

The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors

Journal Article Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal Of Automobile Engineering · July 2006 This paper evaluates how muscle tensing changes the structural response of the dynamically loaded thorax. Nine porcine thoraces with both ventral (supine) and dorsal (prone) loading were used to quantify the effect. Muscle tensing was assessed using repeat ... Cite

Injury risk in behind armor blunt thoracic trauma.

Journal Article International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE · January 2006 First responders and military personnel are particularly susceptible to behind armor blunt thoracic trauma in occupational scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop an armored thorax injury risk criterion for short duration ballistic impacts. 9 ... Full text Cite

The modeling and measurement of humans in high speed planing boats under repeated vertical impacts

Journal Article International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings · December 1, 2005 Occupants of naval special warfare (NSW) high speed planing boats experience repeated impacts with amplitudes reaching 10 to 15 g in the vertical direction. Ensign, et al. (2000) found compelling evidence of a significant injury problem in a self-reported ... Cite

Mathematical model and numerical analysis of helmeted head subjected to high speed impact

Journal Article Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference · December 1, 2005 A physical model with discrete mass rigid bodies of a helmeted head under high speed impact is developed and the corresponding mathematical model is presented in this paper. The dynamic lumped mass model is comprised of the projectile, the helmet, the skul ... Cite

Impact injury and the high speed craft acquisition process

Journal Article RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects International Conference - Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety and Operation · December 1, 2005 Passengers and crew of U. S. Special Operations high speed marine craft (HSC) are subjected to extreme shock loads over prolonged periods during high speed transit in heavy seas. Self-reported medical data suggests a high incidence of spinal injuries resul ... Cite

A methodology for assessing blast protection in explosive ordnance disposal bomb suits.

Journal Article International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE · January 2005 To reduce human casualties associated with explosive ordnance disposal, a wide range of protective wear has been designed to shield against the blast effects of improvised explosive devices and munitions. In this study, 4 commercially available bomb suits, ... Full text Cite

Upper Extremity Interaction with a Helicopter Side Airbag: Injury Criteria for Dynamic Hyperextension of the Female Elbow Joint

Conference SAE Technical Papers · November 1, 2004 This paper describes a three part analysis to characterize the interaction between the female upper extremity and a helicopter cockpit side airbag system and to develop dynamic hyperextension injury criteria for the female elbow joint. Part I involved a se ... Full text Cite

Blast injury research: modeling injury effects of landmines, bullets, and bombs.

Journal Article Clinical orthopaedics and related research · May 2004 Terrorist blasts and landmine injuries have become more common in the past several decades generating thousands of casualties. Preventive and prognostic measures are limited by the lack of knowledge of these complex events. Previous blast research has focu ... Cite

Muscle tetanus and loading condition effects on the elastic and viscous characteristics of the thorax.

Journal Article Traffic injury prevention · December 2003 Thoracic deformation under an applied load is an established indicator of injury risk, but the force required to achieve an injurious level of deformation currently is not understood adequately. This article evaluates how two potentially important factors, ... Full text Cite

The Development, Validation and Application of a Finite Element Upper Extremity Model Subjected to Air Bag Loading

Conference SAE Technical Papers · October 27, 2003 Both frontal and side air bags can inflict injuries to the upper extremities in cases where the limb is close to the air bag module at the time of impact. Current dummy limbs show qualitatively correct kinematics under air bag loading, but they lack biofid ... Full text Cite

Injury risk functions for the 5th percentile female upper extremity

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2003 The widespread implementation of air bags has increased the incidence of upper extremity injuries in the automotive crash environment. The first step in reducing these injuries is to determine applicable upper extremity injury criteria. The purpose of this ... Full text Cite

The axial injury tolerance of the human foot/ankle complex and the effect of Achilles tension.

Journal Article Journal of biomechanical engineering · December 2002 Axial loading of the foot/ankle complex is an important injury mechanism in vehicular trauma that is responsible for severe injuries such as calcaneal and tibial pilon fractures. Axial loading may be applied to the leg externally, by the toepan and/or peda ... Full text Cite

The effect of frontal air bags on eye injury patterns in automobile crashes.

Journal Article Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · November 2002 ObjectiveTo investigate eye injuries resulting from frontal automobile crashes and to determine the effects of frontal air bags.MethodsThe National Automotive Sampling System database files from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1999, ... Full text Cite

Computer modeling of airbag-induced ocular injury in pilots wearing night vision goggles.

Journal Article Aviation, space, and environmental medicine · October 2002 BackgroundAirbags have saved lives in automobile crashes for many years and are now planned for use in helicopters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for ocular injuries to helicopter pilots wearing night vision goggles wh ... Cite

Fracture tolerance of the male forearm: The effect of pronation versus supination

Journal Article Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering · January 1, 2002 This paper presents the dynamic injury tolerance of the male forearm, derived from dynamic three-point bending tests using ten male cadaver upper extremities. The impact loading conditions were chosen to be representative of those observed during upper ext ... Full text Cite

Comparison of upper extremity test devices for the evaluation of frontal air bags

Journal Article Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering · January 1, 2002 This study examines the response of two upper extremity test devices under driver-side air bag deployment to contribute to the development of dummy surrogates for the investigation of primary contact forearm injuries during air bag deployments. The first o ... Full text Cite

Frequency content analysis and filter class selection for the small female instrumented upper extremity

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2002 Although filter class specifications have been defined for most anthropomorphic test devices, no recommendation exists for the instrumented upper extremity. A three-part study was performed to determine the best channel filter class (CFC) to use for the in ... Full text Cite

Material Properties for Modeling Traumatic Aortic Rupture

Conference SAE Technical Papers · November 1, 2001 Traumatic aortic rupture is a significant cause of fatalities in frontal automobile crashes. However, such ruptures are difficult to reproduce experimentally in cadaveric surrogates, and it is difficult to observe dynamic aortic response in situ. So, the a ... Full text Cite

Displacement measurements in the hybrid III chest

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2001 This paper presents an analysis of the displacement measurement of the Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy chest in quasistatic and dynamic loading environments. In this dummy, the sternal chest deformation is typically characterized using a sliding ches ... Full text Cite

Nose blowing propels nasal fluid into the paranasal sinuses.

Journal Article Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · February 2000 Intranasal pressures were measured in adults during nose blowing, sneezing, and coughing and were used for fluid dynamic modeling. Sinus CT scans were performed after instillation of radiopaque contrast medium into the nasopharynx followed by nose blowing, ... Full text Cite

Error analysis of curvature-based contour measurement devices

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 2000 Curvature-based contour measurement devices with discrete curvature measurement gauges are widely used for the measurement of dynamic thoracic contours in both dummy and cadaveric automobile sled testing. Such devices include the chestband used to determin ... Full text Cite

Dynamic injury tolerances for long bones of the female upper extremity.

Journal Article Journal of anatomy · April 1999 This paper presents the dynamic injury tolerances for the female humerus and forearm derived from dynamic 3-point bending tests using 22 female cadaver upper extremities. Twelve female humeri were tested at an average strain rate of 3.7+/-1.3%/s. The strai ... Full text Cite

Limiting performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury

Journal Article Shock and Vibration · January 1, 1999 This is a study of the theoretical optimal (limiting) performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury. A rigid head injury model and a two-mass translational head injury model are employed. Several head injury criteria are utilized, including head ... Full text Cite

Deployment of air bags into the thorax of an out-of-position dummy

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1999 The air bag has proven effective in reducing fatalities in frontal crashes with estimated decreases ranging from 11% to 30% depending on the size of the vehicle [IIHS-1995, Kahane-1996]. At the same time, some air bag designs have caused fatalities when fr ... Full text Cite

Open-loop chestbands for dynamic deformation measurements

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1998 Originally designed for measuring closed-loop contours such as those around a human thorax, the External Peripheral Instrument for Deformation Measurement (EPIDM), or chestband, was developed to improve the measurement of dummy and cadaver thoracic respons ... Full text Cite

Lower extremity and brake pedal interaction in frontal collisions: Sled tests

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1998 A series of eight sled tests was conducted using Hybrid III dummies and cadavers in order to examine the influence of foot placement on the brake pedal in frontal collisions. The brake pedal in the sled runs was fixed in a fully depressed position and the ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of 5th percentile female Hybrid III thoracic biofidelity during out-of-position tests with a driver air bag

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1998 This paper evaluates the biofidelity of the Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy relative to seven small female cadavers tested as out-of-position drivers in static air bag deployment tests. In the out-of-position tests, the chest was positioned against ... Full text Cite

Analysis of humerus orientation in upper extremity experiments with a deploying airbag

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1998 Computer simulations and experimental tests were used to examine the effect of humerus orientation on upper extremity interaction with a deploying airbag. The Articulated Total Body program was used to simulate testing of three upper extremity positions ra ... Full text Cite

Interaction of air bags with upper extremities

Journal Article Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings · November 1, 1997 Sixteen excised cadaveric upper extremities mounted to a four degree-of-freedom universal joint that functioned as a shoulder were studied. The upper extremity position was a `natural' driving posture in a one-hand turn crossover maneuver which represents ... Cite

The interaction of air bags with upper extremities

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1997 Recently there has been a greater awareness of the increased risk of certain injuries associated with air bag deployment, especially the risks to small occupants, often women. These injuries include serious eye and upper extremity injuries and even fatalit ... Full text Cite

A technique for using strain gauges to evaluate airbag interaction with cadaveric upper extremities.

Journal Article Biomedical sciences instrumentation · January 1997 Radius and ulna fractures from airbag deployment onto the forearm have been reported in the literature. Based on laboratory experiments with eight cadaveric upper extremities, this paper presents a method for using strain gages to evaluate upper extremity ... Cite

Experimental devices to simulate toepan and floorpan intrusion

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1997 Two sled systems capable of producing structural intrusion in the footwell region of an automobile have been developed. The first, System A, provides translational toepan intrusion using actuator pistons to drive the footwell structure of the test buck. Th ... Full text Cite

A system for simulating structural intrusion in automobile full-frontal and frontal-offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment

Journal Article Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering · January 1, 1997 A sled system capable of producing structural intrusion in the footwell region of an automobile has been developed. The system couples the hydraulic decelerator of the sled to actuator pistons attached to the toepan and floorpan structure of the buck. Char ... Full text Cite

Multi-body model of upper extremity interaction with deploying airbag

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1997 Three-dimensional simulation models of a driver's right upper extremity interacting with a deploying airbag have been set up and run with the Articulated Total Body program. The goal of this study is to examine the significance of various occupant and airb ... Full text Cite

Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle

Journal Article Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings · November 1, 1996 The detailed information on the geometry, mass properties, and biomechanical response of the cadaver and human leg, foot, and ankle are presented. Comparison of this data with that obtained from testing of dummy components indicates that recent efforts to ... Cite

Thoracic response and injury with belt, driver side airbag, and force limited belt restraint systems

Journal Article International Journal of Crashworthiness · January 1, 1996 The performance of belt, airbag, and force limited belt restraint systems for the driver were compared using frontal sled tests. Nine human cadaver and six dummy sled tests were conducted at 56 km/h using a test buck representing a mid-size vehicle. Subjec ... Full text Cite

Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1996 The anatomical dimensions, inertial properties, and mechanical responses of cadaver leg, foot, and ankle specimens were evaluated relative to those of human volunteers and current anthropometric test devices. Dummy designs tested included the Hybrid III, H ... Full text Cite

Sensitivity of Occupant Response Subject to Prescribed Corridors for Impact Testing

Journal Article Shock and Vibration · January 1, 1996 A technology to study the sensitivity of impact responses to prescribed test conditions is presented. Motor vehicle impacts are used to illustrate the principles of this sensitivity technology. Impact conditions are regulated by specifying either a corrido ... Full text Cite

The influence of padding and shoes on the dynamic response of dummy lower extremities

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1996 This work studies the effect of padding on the force levels in impulsively loaded dummy lower extremities. Tests include the effect of padding incorporated into the soles of shoes and an examination of the potential of shoe padding for mitigating impact lo ... Full text Cite

On microwave experiments in dielectric media to simulate nuclear volumetric heating

Journal Article Nuclear Technology · January 1, 1995 The use of microwave experiments in normal fluids is proposed for the approximation of the volumetric heating distribution in cryogenic flow of radiation-heated deuterium in the advanced neutron source (ANS) cold neutron source (CNS) planned for constructi ... Full text Cite

Reproducing the structural intrusion of frontal offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment

Journal Article SAE Technical Papers · January 1, 1995 The response and risk of injury for occupants in frontal crashes are more severe when structural deformation occurs in the vehicle interior. To reproduce this impact environment in the laboratory, a sled system capable of producing structural intrusion in ... Full text Cite