Scholars@Duke
David Martin Murdoch

David Martin Murdoch

Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine
david.murdoch@duke.edu
Duke Box 2629, MSRB 1, Durham, NC 27710
MSRB I, Rm 259, 203 Research Dr, Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.

Journal article J Cannabis Res · March 5, 2026 Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals living with HIV in the United States, but the impact of cannabis exposure on the reservoir of latently infected cells that persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. To address this gap, we ana ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alterations of the Upper Respiratory Microbiome Among Children Living With HIV Infection in Botswana.

Journal article J Infect Dis · October 15, 2025 Children living with HIV (CLWH) are at high risk of colonization and infection by respiratory pathogens, though this risk can be reduced by other microbes in the upper respiratory microbiome. The impact of HIV infection on the pediatric upper respiratory m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-Modal Profiling Reveals Contrasting Immunomodulatory Effects of Recreational Marijuana Used Alone or with Tobacco in Youth with HIV.

Journal article Cells · August 16, 2025 The evolving legal landscape has increased marijuana accessibility across the United States, including for medical use to manage clinical symptoms among people with HIV. The effects of marijuana use remain understudied in youth with HIV (YWH), who face lif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.

Journal article bioRxiv · June 3, 2025 Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals living with HIV in the United States, but the impact of cannabis exposure on the reservoir of latently infected cells that persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. To address this gap, we ana ... Full text Link to item Cite

NF-κB dependent gene expression and plasma IL-1β, TNFα and GCSF drive transcriptomic diversity and CD4:CD8 ratio in people with HIV on ART.

Journal article bioRxiv · February 14, 2025 Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with HIV (PWH) on ART experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality vs. age-matched HIV negative controls, which may be driven by chronic inflammation due to persistent virus. We performed bulk RNA sequenci ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Sleep Apnea in Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Among Older Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · January 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk, yet its role in postoperative neurocognitive disorders is unclear. Here, we studied whether the severity of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the severity of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Machine learning approaches identify immunologic signatures of total and intact HIV DNA during long-term antiretroviral therapy.

Journal article Elife · September 9, 2024 Understanding the interplay between the HIV reservoir and the host immune system may yield insights into HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and inform strategies for a cure. Here, we applied machine learning (ML) approaches to cross-sectio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Machine learning approaches identify immunologic signatures of total and intact HIV DNA during long-term antiretroviral therapy

Journal article eLife · September 9, 2024 Understanding the interplay between the HIV reservoir and the host immune system may yield insights into HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and inform strategies for a cure. Here, we applied machine learning (ML) approaches to cros ... Full text Cite

LXR signaling pathways link cholesterol metabolism with risk for prediabetes and diabetes.

Journal article J Clin Invest · May 15, 2024 BACKGROUNDPreclinical studies suggest that cholesterol accumulation leads to insulin resistance. We previously reported that alterations in a monocyte cholesterol metabolism transcriptional network (CMTN) - suggestive of cellular cholesterol accumulation - ... Full text Link to item Cite

Integrated Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of HIV Latency Reversal Reveals Novel Regulators of Viral Reactivation.

Journal article Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics · May 9, 2024 Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades therapy. To understand the mechanisms of HIV latency, we employed an integrated single-cell RNA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of Cannabis Use on Immune Cell Populations and the Viral Reservoir in People With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.

Journal article J Infect Dis · November 28, 2023 BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains incurable due to the persistence of a viral reservoir despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cannabis (CB) use is prevalent amongst people with HIV (PWH), but the impact of CB on the latent HI ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and phenotypic trajectories of hypoxaemia among hospitalised adults in Kenya: a single-centre, prospective cohort study.

Journal article BMJ Open · September 18, 2023 OBJECTIVE: Global medical oxygen security is limited by knowledge gaps in hypoxaemia burden and oxygen access in low-income and middle-income countries. We examined the prevalence and phenotypic trajectories of hypoxaemia among hospitalised adults in Kenya ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Automated microarray platform for single-cell sorting and collection of lymphocytes following HIV reactivation.

Journal article Bioeng Transl Med · September 2023 A promising strategy to cure HIV-infected individuals is to use latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate latent viruses, followed by host clearance of infected reservoir cells. However, reactivation of latent proviruses within infected cells is hetero ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroimaging and immunological features of neurocognitive function related to substance use in people with HIV.

Journal article J Neurovirol · February 2023 This study sought to identify neuroimaging and immunological factors associated with substance use and that contribute to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). We performed cross-sectional immunological phenotyping, neuroimaging, and ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

Asthma, Airflow Obstruction, and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation Prevalence in Western Kenya: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal article Int J Public Health · 2023 Objectives: Determine the prevalence of airway disease (e.g., asthma, airflow obstruction, and eosinophilic airway inflammation) in Kenya, as well as related correlates of airway disease and health-related quality of life. Methods: A three-stage, cluster-r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Blueberry Supplementation Effects on Neuronal and Pathological Biomarkers in Subjects at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Journal article JAR Life · 2023 BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop non-invasive practical lifestyle interventions for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people at risk, such as those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Blueberry consumption has been associated with reduced risk ... Full text Link to item Cite

Scalable Additive Construction of Arrayed Microstructures with Encoded Properties for Bioimaging.

Journal article Micromachines (Basel) · August 25, 2022 Microarrays are essential components of analytical instruments. The elements of microarrays may be imbued with additional functionalities and encodings using composite materials and structures, but traditional microfabrication methods present substantial b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Probing gut-brain links in Alzheimer's disease with rifaximin.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement (N Y) · 2022 Gut-microbiome-inflammation interactions have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. We hypothesized that treatment with rifaximin, a minimally absorbed gut-specific antibiotic, may modify the neurodegenerative pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of Cognitive Testing, Questionnaires, and Plasma Biomarkers to Quantify Cognitive Impairment in an Aging Pet Dog Population.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2022 BACKGROUND: Aging dogs may suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), a condition in which cognitive decline is associated with amyloid pathology and cortical atrophy. Presumptive diagnosis is made through physical examination, exclusion of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heparin-based blood purification attenuates organ injury in baboons with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.

Journal article Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · August 1, 2021 Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the use of antibiotics, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Building on previous work, we aimed to 1) develop a baboon model of severe pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oxygen delivery systems for adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.

Journal article J Glob Health · May 8, 2021 BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Oxygen is an essential medicine used to treat hypoxemia from respiratory diseases. However, the availability and utilization of oxygen delivery systems for adults in ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs.

Journal article Mol Neurobiol · February 2021 Longevity-associated neurological disorders have been observed across human and canine aging populations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represent comparable diseases affecting both species as they age. Translation ... Full text Link to item Cite

A protocol to reduce self-reported pain scores and adverse events following lumbar punctures in older adults.

Journal article J Neurol · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: Lumbar punctures (LPs) are important for obtaining CSF in neurology studies but are associated with adverse events and feared by many patients. We determined adverse event rates and pain scores in patients prospectively enrolled in two cohort st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Translational Biomarker of Aging and Neurodegeneration in Dogs.

Journal article Mol Neurobiol · July 2020 Age is a primary risk factor for multiple comorbidities including neurodegenerative diseases. Pet dogs and humans represent two populations that have experienced a significant increase in average life expectancy over the last century. A higher prevalence o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transcriptional Profiling of CD8+ CMV-Specific T Cell Functional Subsets Obtained Using a Modified Method for Isolating High-Quality RNA From Fixed and Permeabilized Cells.

Journal article Front Immunol · 2020 Previous studies suggest that the presence of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells is correlated with improved pathogen clearance, disease control, and clinical outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation, function, and su ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Flow Cytometry Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocytes in Patients With Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · November 2019 Animal models suggest postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be caused by brain monocyte influx. To study this in humans, we developed a flow cytometry panel to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected before and after major noncardiac surgery ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · April 2019 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Every year, up to 40% of the more than 16 million older Americans who undergo anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct syndromes is associated with decreased quality of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Validation of spirometry prediction equations in western Kenya.

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · January 1, 2018 SETTING: Community of Eldoret, Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To test the performance of three commonly used spirometry prediction equations in a healthy Kenyan population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional assessment of healthy adults in Eldoret. RESULTS: Of the 331 subjects en ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetophoretic transistors in a tri-axial magnetic field.

Journal article Lab Chip · October 18, 2016 The ability to direct and sort individual biological and non-biological particles into spatially addressable locations is fundamentally important to the emerging field of single cell biology. Towards this goal, we demonstrate a new class of magnetophoretic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetophoretic Conductors and Diodes in a 3D Magnetic Field.

Journal article Adv Funct Mater · June 14, 2016 We demonstrate magnetophoretic conductor tracks that can transport single magnetized beads and magnetically labeled single cells in a 3-dimensional time-varying magnetic field. The vertical field bias, in addition to the in-plane rotating field, has the ad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children.

Journal article Pediatr Pulmonol · February 2016 BACKGROUND: Paradoxical tuberculosis (TB)-associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) initiation in adults residing in resource-limited regions. Little is known about ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterizing the Switching Thresholds of Magnetophoretic Transistors.

Journal article Adv Mater · October 28, 2015 The switching thresholds of magnetophoretic transistors for sorting cells in microfluidic environments are characterized. The transistor operating conditions require short 20-30 mA pulses of electrical current. By demonstrating both attractive and repulsiv ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

HIV and noncommunicable cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in low- and middle-income countries in the ART era: what we know and best directions for future research.

Journal article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · September 1, 2014 With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV is becoming a chronic disease. HIV-seropositive (+) patients on ART can expect to live longer and, as a result, they are at risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases related to factor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetographic array for the capture and enumeration of single cells and cell pairs.

Journal article Biomicrofluidics · July 2014 We present a simple microchip device consisting of an overlaid pattern of micromagnets and microwells capable of capturing magnetically labeled cells into well-defined compartments (with accuracies >95%). Its flexible design permits the programmable deposi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimization of magnetic switches for single particle and cell transport

Journal article Journal of Applied Physics · June 28, 2014 The ability to manipulate an ensemble of single particles and cells is a key aim of lab-on-a-chip research; however, the control mechanisms must be optimized for minimal power consumption to enable future large-scale implementation. Recently, we demonstrat ... Full text Cite

Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV infection: A systematic literature review.

Journal article Pediatr Infect Dis J · May 2014 BACKGROUND: People with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy are at risk for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). While this syndrome has been well researched in adults, little is known about the incid ... Full text Link to item Cite

The prevalence of smoking and the knowledge of smoking hazards and smoking cessation strategies among HIV-positive patients in Johannesburg, South Africa

Journal article South African Medical Journal · October 28, 2013 Background. While the detrimental effects of smoking among HIV-positive patients have been well documented, there is a paucity of data regarding cigarette smoking prevalence among these patients in South Africa (SA). Objectives. To establish the frequency, ... Full text Cite

The opprobrium of Big Tobacco.

Journal article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · May 1, 2012 Full text Link to item Cite

OMIP-006: phenotypic subset analysis of human T regulatory cells via polychromatic flow cytometry.

Journal article Cytometry A · April 2012 This panel was optimized for the enumeration and phenotypic characterization of T regulatory cells (Tregs) within the CD4⁺ T-cell pool using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using intranuclear and intracellular staining methods. The panel wa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Causes of death on antiretroviral therapy: a post-mortem study from South Africa.

Journal article PLoS One · 2012 BACKGROUND: Mortality in the first months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a significant clinical problem in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, no post-mortem study has investigated the causes of mortality in these patients. METHODS: HIV-positive adults who di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary immune-compartment-specific interferon gamma responses in HIV-infected individuals with active tuberculosis (TB) in an area of high TB prevalence.

Journal article Clin Dev Immunol · 2012 There is a paucity of data on the pulmonary immune-compartment interferon gamma (IFNγ) response to M. tuberculosis, particularly in settings of high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and in HIV-coinfected individuals. This data is necessary to understand the di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Multi-analyte profiling of ten cytokines in South African HIV-infected patients with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS).

Journal article AIDS Res Ther · October 7, 2010 BACKGROUND: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important complication of HAART in sub-Saharan Africa, where opportunistic infections (OIs) including mycobacteria and cryptococcus are common. The immune system's role in HIV infected pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute HIV infection among pregnant women in Malawi.

Journal article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · April 2010 There are limited data on acute HIV infection (AHI) prevalence during pregnancy. Malawian pregnant women admitted in the third trimester and meeting eligibility criteria underwent dual HIV rapid antibody testing. AHI prevalence was retrospectively detected ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune restoration diseases reflect diverse immunopathological mechanisms.

Journal article Clin Microbiol Rev · October 2009 Up to one in four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and given antiretroviral therapy (ART) experiences inflammatory or cellular proliferative disease associated with a preexisting opportunistic infection, which may be subclinical. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polychromatic immunophenotypic characterization of T cell profiles among HIV-infected patients experiencing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

Journal article AIDS Res Ther · July 16, 2009 OBJECTIVE: To immunophenotype CD4+ and CD8+ T cell sub-populations in HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). DESIGN: Nested case-control immunological study. METHODS: ART-naïve HIV-infected patients were prospectively observed f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ankle-brachial index in HIV infection.

Journal article AIDS Res Ther · April 27, 2009 Prognosis for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Evidence over recent years suggests that the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing in HIV pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV immune reconstitution syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal article AIDS · August 20, 2008 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings.

Journal article Lancet Infect Dis · August 2008 Featured Publication The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has emerged as an important early complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, especially in patients with tuberculosis. However, there are no consensus case definitions f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence and risk factors for the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients in South Africa: a prospective study.

Journal article AIDS · March 12, 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, clinical manifestations, risk factors and outcome of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in South Africa. DESIGN: Prospective surveillance cohort and nested case-control study in a large, University hos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking and predictors of pneumonia among HIV-infected patients receiving care in the HAART era.

Journal article Open Respir Med J · 2008 BACKGROUND: Smoking tobacco is disproportionably common among HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. METHODS: An observational cohort study of 300 HIV-positive patients receiving care between 1996 and 2005 examined t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): review of common infectious manifestations and treatment options.

Journal article AIDS Res Ther · May 8, 2007 Featured Publication The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) results from restored immunity to specific infectious or non-infectious antigens. A paradoxical clinical worsening of a known condition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare cellulitis occurring with septic arthritis after joint injection: a case report.

Journal article BMC Infect Dis · February 26, 2007 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Cellulitis caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare has rarely been described. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is a rare cause of septic arthritis after intra-articular injection, though the causative role of injection is difficult to as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculin reactivity in bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccinated populations: a compilation of international data.

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · August 2006 Featured Publication SETTING: The effect of previously administered bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on subsequent tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) complicates screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in foreign-born persons. OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness o ... Link to item Cite

Significance of Clostridium tertium bacteremia in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: review of 32 cases.

Journal article Clin Infect Dis · March 15, 2001 In the nonneutropenic host, bacteremia due to Clostridium tertium is rare and of unclear significance. We describe a patient in whom presentation with Clostridium tertium bacteremia was the harbinger of Crohn's disease. In order to understand the significa ... Full text Link to item Cite