Scholars@Duke
David F. Katz

David F. Katz

Nello L. Teer, Jr. Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering, in the Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. School of Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Office hours

Scholarly Works

Mechanistic model of phase-transitioning therapeutics injected into poroelastic tissue for improved targeting of superficial tumors.

Journal article Scientific reports · February 2026 The development of new drugs and drug delivery systems relies heavily on careful acquisition and interpretation of large amounts of experimental data to identify and select promising candidates for therapeutic and prophylactic use. Predictive mathematical ... Full text Cite

Impact of Injection-Based Delivery Parameters on Local Distribution Volume of Ethyl-Cellulose Ethanol Gel in Tissue and Tissue Mimicking Phantoms.

Journal article IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · May 2024 ObjectiveLocal drug delivery aims to minimize systemic toxicity by preventing off-target effects; however, injection parameters influencing depot formation of injectable gels have yet to be thoroughly studied. We explored the effects of needle cha ... Full text Cite

Determining the Relationship between Delivery Parameters and Ablation Distribution for Novel Gel Ethanol Percutaneous Therapy in Ex Vivo Swine Liver.

Journal article Polymers (Basel) · April 5, 2024 Ethyl cellulose-ethanol (ECE) is emerging as a promising formulation for ablative injections, with more controllable injection distributions than those from traditional liquid ethanol. This study evaluates the influence of salient injection parameters on f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Next generation 3D-printed intravaginal ring for prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancy.

Journal article Biomaterials · October 2023 Globally, there are 20 million adolescent girls and young women living with HIV who have limited access to long-acting, effective, women-controlled preventative methods. Additionally, although there are many contraceptive methods available, globally, half ... Full text Cite

In Vivo Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol Tissue Ablation in a Swine Cervix Model.

Journal article Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · October 2023 Current therapies for treating cervical dysplasia are often inaccessible in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the need for novel low-cost therapies that can be delivered at the point of care. Ethanol ablation is a low-cost therapy desig ... Full text Cite

Designing Dual Compartment HIV Prevention Products: Women's Sensory Perceptions and Experiences of Suppositories for Rectal and Vaginal Use.

Journal article AIDS research and human retroviruses · July 2022 Dual compartment suppositories are being developed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Such products, for use in the rectum, the vagina, or both, could have a significant public health impact by decreasing global incidence of these di ... Full text Cite

Bio-Based Materials in Anti-HIV Drug Delivery

Book section · April 1, 2022 This chapter provides an overview of bio-based materials that have been used in the development of anti-HIV drug delivery systems. It begins with an overview of the existing and in-development biomedical strategies for HIV prevention, followed by a discuss ... Full text Cite

Comparing Water Absorption of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Hyaluronic Acid Fillers.

Journal article Dermatol Surg · September 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: To compare the water absorption of 12 FDA-approved hyaluronic acid (HA) facial fillers in vitro in conditions relevant to in vivo injection. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to provide long-term insight into an improved, tailored facial re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimizing ethyl cellulose-ethanol delivery towards enabling ablation of cervical dysplasia.

Journal article Sci Rep · August 19, 2021 In low-income countries, up to 80% of women diagnosed with cervical dysplasia do not return for follow-up care, primarily due to treatment being inaccessible. Here, we describe development of a low-cost, portable treatment suitable for such settings. It is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Understanding the sources of errors in ex vivo Hsp90 molecular imaging for rapid-on-site breast cancer diagnosis.

Journal article Biomed Opt Express · April 1, 2021 Overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) on the surface of breast cancer cells makes it an attractive molecular biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. Before a ubiquitous diagnostic method can be established, an understanding of the systematic error ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sodium bicarbonate gels: a new promising strategy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis.

Journal article European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · February 2021 Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC), caused mainly by the yeast Candida albicans, is the second most prevalent vaginal infection. It has been found to have a large impact on women's quality of life, self-esteem and routines. The prevalence of recurrent vulvovagi ... Full text Cite

Polymer-assisted intratumoral delivery of ethanol: Preclinical investigation of safety and efficacy in a murine breast cancer model.

Journal article PLoS One · 2021 Focal tumor ablation with ethanol could provide benefits in low-resource settings because of its low overall cost, minimal imaging technology requirements, and acceptable clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, ethanol ablation is not commonly utilized because o ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Role of Volume in the Perceptibility of Topical Vaginal Formulations: User Sensory Perceptions and Experiences of Heterosexual Couples During Vaginal Sex.

Journal article AIDS research and human retroviruses · December 2020 Users' sensory perceptions and experiences (USPEs; perceptibility) of drug formulations can critically impact product adoption and adherence, especially when products rely on appropriate user behaviors (timing of administration, dosing measurement) for eff ... Full text Cite

Understanding Factors Governing Distribution Volume of Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol to Optimize Ablative Therapy in the Liver.

Journal article IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · August 2020 ObjectiveEthanol ablation, the injection of ethanol to induce necrosis, was originally used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, with survival rates comparable to surgery. However, efficacy is limited due to leakage into surrounding tissue. To reduc ... Full text Cite

Deducing Mucosal Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Anti-HIV Molecule Tenofovir from Measurements in Blood

Conference Scientific Reports · December 1, 2019 Microbicide pharmacokinetic (PK) studies typically sample drug in luminal fluid, mucosal tissue, and blood. Blood measurements can be conducted most frequently, serially within subjects. Antiretroviral drugs, however, act against HIV in mucosal tissue/cell ... Full text Cite

Deducing Mucosal Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Anti-HIV Molecule Tenofovir from Measurements in Blood.

Journal article Scientific reports · January 2019 Microbicide pharmacokinetic (PK) studies typically sample drug in luminal fluid, mucosal tissue, and blood. Blood measurements can be conducted most frequently, serially within subjects. Antiretroviral drugs, however, act against HIV in mucosal tissue/cell ... Full text Cite

Effects of gel volume on pharmacokinetics for vaginal and rectal applications of combination DuoGel-IQB4012, a dual chamber-dual drug HIV microbicide gel, in pigtailed macaques.

Journal article Drug delivery and translational research · October 2018 This study evaluated effects of differing gel volumes on pharmacokinetics (PK). IQB4012, a gel containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor IQP-0528 and tenofovir (TFV), was applied to the pigtailed macaque vagina and rectum. Vaginal gel v ... Full text Cite

Full depth measurement of tenofovir transport in rectal mucosa using confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

Journal article Drug delivery and translational research · June 2018 The prophylactic activity of antiretroviral drugs applied as microbicides against sexually transmitted HIV is dependent upon their concentrations in infectable host cells. Within mucosal sites of infection (e.g., vaginal and rectal mucosa), those cells exi ... Full text Cite

Vaginal film for prevention of HIV: using visual and tactile evaluations among potential users to inform product design.

Journal article Pharmaceutical development and technology · March 2018 Topical prevention of HIV and other STIs is a global health priority. To provide options for users, developers have worked to design safe, effective and acceptable vaginal dissolving film formulations. We aimed to characterize user experiences of vaginal f ... Full text Cite

Development of enhanced ethanol ablation as an alternative to surgery in treatment of superficial solid tumors.

Journal article Sci Rep · August 18, 2017 While surgery is at the foundation of cancer treatment, its access is limited in low-income countries. Here, we describe development of a low-cost alternative therapy based on intratumoral ethanol injection suitable for resource-limited settings. Although ... Full text Link to item Cite

Label-Free Measurements of Tenofovir Diffusion Coefficients in a Microbicide Gel Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · February 2017 Confocal Raman spectroscopy was implemented in a new label-free technique to quantify molecular diffusion coefficients within gels. A leading anti-HIV drug, tenofovir, was analyzed in a clinical microbicide gel. The gel was tested undiluted, and in 10%-50% ... Full text Cite

Label-free analysis of tenofovir delivery to vaginal tissue using co-registered confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

Journal article PloS one · January 2017 Vaginally applied microbicide products offer a female-controlled strategy for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. Microbicide transport processes are central to their functioning, and there is a clear need for a better understanding of them. To contribu ... Full text Cite

Perceptibility and the "Choice Experience": User Sensory Perceptions and Experiences Inform Vaginal Prevention Product Design.

Journal article AIDS research and human retroviruses · October 2016 The development of pericoital (on demand) vaginal HIV prevention technologies remains a global health priority. Clinical trials to date have been challenged by nonadherence, leading to an inability to demonstrate product efficacy. The work here provides ne ... Full text Cite

Coupled gel spreading and diffusive transport models describing microbicidal drug delivery.

Journal article Chemical engineering science · October 2016 Gels are a drug delivery platform that is being evaluated for application of active pharmaceutical ingredients, termed microbicides, that act topically against vaginal and rectal mucosal infection by sexually transmitted HIV. Despite success in one Phase I ... Full text Cite

Deterministic Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Model for an Intravaginal Ring (IVR)

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · October 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Deterministic Compartment PK Model for Rectal Tenofovir (TFV) Delivery by an Enema

Conference AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES · October 1, 2016 Link to item Cite

Sensitivity Analysis of a Pharmacokinetic Model of Vaginal Anti-HIV Microbicide Drug Delivery.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · May 2016 Uncertainties in parameter values in microbicide pharmacokinetics (PK) models confound the models' use in understanding the determinants of drug delivery and in designing and interpreting dosing and sampling in PK studies. A global sensitivity analysis (So ... Full text Cite

Automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in split detector adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images.

Journal article Biomedical optics express · May 2016 Quantitative analysis of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the living retina is potentially useful for early diagnosis and prognosis of many ocular diseases. Non-confocal split detector based adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) imaging rev ... Full text Cite

Vaginal drug distribution modeling.

Journal article Advanced drug delivery reviews · September 2015 This review presents and applies fundamental mass transport theory describing the diffusion and convection driven mass transport of drugs to the vaginal environment. It considers sources of variability in the predictions of the models. It illustrates use o ... Full text Cite

The rational design and development of a dual chamber vaginal/rectal microbicide gel formulation for HIV prevention.

Journal article Antiviral research · August 2015 The DuoGel™ was developed for safe and effective dual chamber administration of antiretroviral drugs to reduce the high incidence of HIV transmission during receptive vaginal and anal intercourse. The DuoGel™s containing IQP-0528, a non-nucleoside reverse ... Full text Cite

Vaginal deployment and tenofovir delivery by microbicide gels.

Journal article Drug delivery and translational research · June 2015 Gels are one of the soft material platforms being evaluated to deliver topically acting anti-HIV drugs (microbicides) to the vaginal environment. For each drug, its loaded concentration, gel properties and applied volume, and frequency of dosing can be des ... Full text Cite

Co-localized confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography (CRS-OCT) for depth-resolved analyte detection in tissue.

Journal article Biomedical optics express · June 2015 We report the development of a combined confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument (CRS-OCT) capable of measuring analytes in targeted biological tissues with sub-100-micron spatial resolution. The OCT subsystem was ... Full text Cite

Combined raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for measuring analytes in targeted tissues

Conference Optical Molecular Probes Imaging and Drug Delivery Omp 2015 · April 6, 2015 We report the development of a combined Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography instrument. The instrument was used to accurately measure physiologically-relevant concentrations of microbicide drugs in ex vivo tissue samples. ... Full text Cite

Combined raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for measuring analytes in targeted tissues

Conference Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2015 · January 1, 2015 © OSA 2015. We report the development of a combined Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography instrument. The instrument was used to accurately measure physiologically-relevant concentrations of microbicide drugs in ex vivo tissue samples. ... Cite

User-identified gel characteristics: a qualitative exploration of perceived product efficacy of topical vaginal microbicides.

Journal article Archives of sexual behavior · October 2014 Research has demonstrated that certain vaginal gel products--microbicides containing antiretroviral drugs--may reduce HIV infection risk among women. But for vaginal gels to avert HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), at-risk women must be ... Full text Cite

"Set it and forget it": women's perceptions and opinions of long-acting topical vaginal gels.

Journal article AIDS and behavior · May 2014 Women's initial understandings and anticipated acceptability of long-acting vaginal gels as potential anti-HIV microbicides was investigated by exploring the perceptibility variables associated with prototype formulations. Four focus groups with 29 women, ... Full text Cite

Designing preclinical perceptibility measures to evaluate topical vaginal gel formulations: relating user sensory perceptions and experiences to formulation properties.

Journal article AIDS research and human retroviruses · January 2014 Abstract The effectiveness of any biomedical prevention technology relies on both biological efficacy and behavioral adherence. Microbicide trials have been hampered by low adherence, limiting the ability to draw meaningful conclusions about product effect ... Full text Cite

Analysis of vaginal microbicide film hydration kinetics by quantitative imaging refractometry.

Journal article PloS one · January 2014 We have developed a quantitative imaging refractometry technique, based on holographic phase microscopy, as a tool for investigating microscopic structural changes in water-soluble polymeric materials. Here we apply the approach to analyze the structural d ... Full text Cite

Sensitivity of coded aperture Raman spectroscopy to analytes beneath turbid biological tissue and tissue-simulating phantoms.

Journal article Journal of biomedical optics · January 2014 Traditional slit-based spectrometers have an inherent trade-off between spectral resolution and throughput that can limit their performance when measuring diffuse sources such as light returned from highly scattering biological tissue. Recently, multieleme ... Full text Cite

Transient swelling, spreading, and drug delivery by a dissolved anti-HIV microbicide-bearing film.

Journal article Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · March 2013 There is a widespread agreement that more effective drug delivery vehicles with more alternatives, as well as better active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), must be developed to improve the efficacy of microbicide products. For instance, in tropical regi ... Full text Cite

Multimodal multiplex raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography of tissue for drug monitoring

Journal article Optical Molecular Probes Imaging and Drug Delivery Omp 2013 · January 1, 2013 We demonstrate efficient and high resolution Raman spectroscopy in tissue through a fiber bundle and the use of a custom multimodal multiplex spectrometer. Combined Raman and OCT measurements allow for drug monitoring in tissue explants. ©2013 The Optical ... Full text Cite

Measuring dilution of microbicide gels with optical imaging.

Journal article PloS one · January 2013 We present a novel approach for measuring topical microbicide gel dilution using optical imaging. The approach compares gel thickness measurements from fluorimetry and multiplexed low coherence interferometry in order to calculate dilution of a gel. As a m ... Full text Cite

Quantitative analysis of microbicide concentrations in fluids, gels and tissues using confocal Raman spectroscopy.

Journal article PloS one · January 2013 Topical vaginal anti-HIV microbicides are an important focus in female-based strategies to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. Understanding microbicide pharmacokinetics is essential to development, characterization and implementation of efficacious mi ... Full text Cite

Multicompartmental pharmacokinetic model of tenofovir delivery by a vaginal gel.

Journal article PloS one · January 2013 BackgroundTrials of a vaginal Tenofovir gel for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV have given conflicting results. Knowledge of concentrations of Tenofovir and its active form Tenofovir diphosphate, at putative sites of anti-HIV functioning, ... Full text Cite

In vivo optical imaging of human vaginal gel thickness distributions with a probe-based, dual-modality instrument.

Journal article Journal of biomedical optics · November 2012 ABSTRACT. We used a probe-based dual-modality optical imaging instrument to measure in vivo coating thickness distributions of a gel distributed along the vaginal lumen, in a clinical study. The gel was a surrogate for one delivering an anti-HIV topical mi ... Full text Cite

Transient spreading and swelling behavior of a gel deploying an anti-HIV topical microbicide.

Journal article Journal of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics · November 2012 Drug delivery of topical microbicidal molecules against HIV offers promise as a modality to prevent sexual transmission of the virus. Success of any microbicide product depends, in an interactive way, upon its drug (the microbicide active pharmaceutical in ... Full text Cite

Design of tenofovir-UC781 combination microbicide vaginal gels.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · May 2012 Tenofovir (TFV) is a proven microbicide when administered topically as a vaginal gel. To improve its efficacy, TFV was combined with the nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor UC781 in a vaginal gel. Mixture design of experiments theory was used to ... Full text Cite

Zinc acetate/carrageenan gels exhibit potent activity in vivo against high-dose herpes simplex virus 2 vaginal and rectal challenge.

Journal article Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · January 2012 Topical microbicides that block the sexual transmission of HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are desperately needed to reduce the incidence of HIV infections worldwide. Previously we completed phase 3 testing of the carrageenan-based gel Carraguard. A ... Full text Cite

Time-resolved imaging refractometry of microbicidal films using quantitative phase microscopy.

Journal article Journal of biomedical optics · December 2011 Quantitative phase microscopy is applied to image temporal changes in the refractive index (RI) distributions of solutions created by microbicidal films undergoing hydration. We present a novel method of using an engineered polydimethylsiloxane structure a ... Full text Cite

The consequences of yield stress on deployment of a non-Newtonian anti-HIV microbicide gel.

Journal article Journal of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics · October 2011 A recent study in South Africa has confirmed, for the first time, that a vaginal gel formulation of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir, when applied topically, significantly inhibits sexual HIV transmission to women [10]. However the gel for this drug, and ... Full text Cite

Design and validation of a multiplexed low coherence interferometry instrument for in vivo clinical measurement of microbicide gel thickness distribution.

Journal article Biomedical optics express · October 2011 We present a multiplexed, Fourier-domain low coherence interferometry (mLCI) instrument for in vivo measurement of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution over the surface of the vaginal epithelium. The mLCI instrument uses multiple del ... Full text Cite

The effects of inhomogeneous boundary dilution on the coating flow of an anti-HIV microbicide vehicle.

Journal article Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · September 2011 A recent study in South Africa has confirmed, for the first time, that a vaginal gel formulation of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir, when topically applied, significantly inhibits sexual HIV transmission to women [Karim et al., Science 329, 1168 (2010)]. ... Full text Cite

Identification of personal lubricants that can cause rectal epithelial cell damage and enhance HIV type 1 replication in vitro.

Journal article AIDS research and human retroviruses · September 2011 Over-the-counter personal lubricants are used frequently during vaginal and anal intercourse, but they have not been extensively tested for biological effects that might influence HIV transmission. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity anti-HIV-1 activity and ... Full text Cite

Using modeling to help understand vaginal microbicide functionality and create better products.

Journal article Drug delivery and translational research · June 2011 A summary is presented of a range of mathematical models that relate to topical microbicidal molecules, applied vaginally to inhibit HIV transmission. These models contribute to the fundamental understanding of the functioning of those molecules, as introd ... Full text Cite

Simultaneous confocal fluorescence microscopy and optical coherence tomography for drug distribution and tissue integrity assessment

Journal article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · May 2, 2011 The effectiveness of microbicidal gels, topical products developed to prevent infection by sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, is governed by extent of gel coverage, pharmacokinetics of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and integrity ... Full text Cite

Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution

Journal article Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2011 A clinical optical imaging probe incorporating simultaneous fluorescence and low coherence interferometry (LCI) imaging optics was developed. A clinical study was performed to compare LCI and fluorimetry in measuring intravaginal microbicide gel coating th ... Cite

Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution

Journal article Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2011 A clinical optical imaging probe incorporating simultaneous fluorescence and low coherence interferometry (LCI) imaging optics was developed. A clinical study was performed to compare LCI and fluorimetry in measuring intravaginal microbicide gel coating th ... Full text Cite

Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution

Journal article Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · 2011 A clinical optical imaging probe incorporating simultaneous fluorescence and low coherence interferometry (LCI) imaging optics was developed. A clinical study was performed to compare LCI and fluorimetry in measuring intravaginal microbicide gel coating th ... Cite

Semi-solid gels function as physical barriers to human immunodeficiency virus transport in vitro.

Journal article Antiviral Res · November 2010 Vaginal gels may act as physical barriers to HIV during sexual transmission. However, the extent and significance of this effect are not well understood. During male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV, semen containing infectious HIV is present within th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Design of a semisolid vaginal microbicide gel by relating composition to properties and performance.

Journal article Pharmaceutical research · November 2010 PurposeDevelop a preclinical in vitro algorithm enabling de novo design of semisolid vaginal drug delivery gels, by using biomechanical modeling of gel spreading in the vaginal canal and empirically relating gel composition to mechanical propertie ... Full text Cite

Compartmental transport model of microbicide delivery by an intravaginal ring.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · August 2010 Topical antimicrobials, or microbicides, are being developed to prevent HIV transmission through local, mucosal delivery of antiviral compounds. While hydrogel vehicles deliver the majority of current microbicide products, intravaginal rings (IVRs) are an ... Full text Cite

Multivalent benzoboroxole functionalized polymers as gp120 glycan targeted microbicide entry inhibitors.

Journal article Molecular pharmaceutics · February 2010 Microbicides are women-controlled prophylactics for sexually transmitted infections. The most important class of microbicides target HIV-1 and contain antiviral agents formulated for topical vaginal delivery. Identification of new viral entry inhibitors th ... Full text Open Access Cite

Transport theory for HIV diffusion through in vivo distributions of topical microbicide gels.

Journal article Biophysical journal · November 2009 Topical microbicide products are being developed for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. These include vaginally-applied gels that deliver anti-HIV molecules. Gels may also provide partial barriers that slow virion diffusion from semen to vu ... Full text Cite

Development of an integrated endoscopic device for multiplexed low coherence interferometry (LCI) measurements of microbicide gel thickness

Journal article Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · June 8, 2009 Microbicide gels are topical products that have recently been developed to combat sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. The extent of gel coverage, thickness, and structure are crucial factors in gel effectiveness. It is necessary to be able to ... Full text Cite

Development of an integrated multiplexed low coherence interferometer and fluorescence clinical endoscope

Journal article Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2009 The performance of a novel clinical endoscope with integrated multiplexed LCI and fluorescence measurements is evaluated. Feasibility and accuracy for measuring microbicidal gel distribution and thickness in the vaginal tract will be assessed. © 2009 Optic ... Cite

Development of an integrated multiplexed low coherence interferometer and fluorescence clinical endoscope

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2009 The performance of a novel clinical endoscope with integrated multiplexed LCI and fluorescence measurements is evaluated. Feasibility and accuracy for measuring microbicidal gel distribution and thickness in the vaginal tract will be assessed. © 2009 Optic ... Full text Cite

A model of transluminal flow of an anti-HIV microbicide vehicle: Combined elastic squeezing and gravitational sliding.

Journal article Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · August 2008 ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION OVER SOFT SUBSTRATES IS OF IMPORTANCE IN A NUMBER OF BIOMEDICAL PROBLEMS: From lubrication of the eye surface by the tear film, to lubrication of joints by synovial fluid, to lubrication between the pleural surfaces that prot ... Full text Cite

Vaginal distribution of Replens and K-Y Jelly using three imaging techniques.

Journal article Contraception · March 2008 BackgroundDetermination of vaginal distribution is important to the development of potential vaginal microbicidal or spermicidal products.Study designThis was a descriptive study of three imaging techniques with a randomized crossover ass ... Full text Cite

Dilution of microbicide gels with vaginal fluid and semen simulants: effect on rheological properties and coating flow.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · February 2008 Microbicides are agents applied topically to the vagina to prevent HIV transmission. Microbicide products formulated as semi-solid dosage forms or "gels" coat vulnerable tissue to deliver active ingredients. Effective microbicide delivery vehicles must hav ... Full text Cite

Interpreting properties of microbicide drug delivery gels: analyzing deployment kinetics due to squeezing.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · April 2007 Prophylactic efficacy of topical microbicidal drug delivery formulations against HIV may depend upon their abilities to coat and be retained on epithelial surfaces where infection begins. Rheological and surface properties play paramount roles in governing ... Full text Cite

Biophysical analysis of prototype microbicidal gels.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · March 2007 The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and retention (deployment) of four prototype vehicles for delivery of prophylactic microbicides against vaginal HIV transmission. Study gels were created with different molecular compositions, pr ... Full text Cite

Temperature and pH sensitive hydrogels: an approach towards smart semen-triggered vaginal microbicidal vehicles.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · March 2007 Microbicides are drug delivery systems (DDSs) for the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV and other STDs. A topically applied vaginal microbicidal gel should provide uniform coating of vaginal tissue, retention of this gel layer prior to intercourse, ... Full text Cite

Dynamics of HIV neutralization by a microbicide formulation layer: biophysical fundamentals and transport theory.

Journal article Biophysical journal · September 2006 Topical microbicides are an emerging HIV/AIDS prevention modality. Microbicide biofunctionality requires creation of a chemical-physical barrier against HIV transmission. Barrier effectiveness derives from properties of the active compound and its delivery ... Full text Cite

Squeezing flows of vaginal gel formulations relevant to microbicide drug delivery.

Journal article Journal of biomechanical engineering · August 2006 Efficacy of topical microbicidal drug delivery formulations against HIV depends in part on their ability to coat, distribute, and be retained on epithelium. Once applied to the vagina, a formulation is distributed by physical forces including: gravity, sur ... Full text Cite

Label-free measurement of microbicidal gel thickness using low-coherence interferometry.

Journal article Journal of biomedical optics · March 2006 Spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry (LCI) was used to measure the thickness of microbicidal gels applied to a cylindrical calibration test socket. Microbicides are topical formulations containing active ingredients targeted to inhibit specific pat ... Full text Cite

Erosion of microbicide formulation coating layers: effects of contact and shearing with vaginal fluid or semen.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · August 2005 An effective vaginal microbicide formulation must distribute and maintain an epithelial coating layer. The post-application durability of this coating is significantly affected by the vaginal environment. A new in vitro assay quantified coating layer erosi ... Full text Cite

A review of the physical and chemical properties of human semen and the formulation of a semen simulant.

Journal article Journal of andrology · July 2005 A fluid medium was developed to simulate the salient physical and chemical properties of human semen. The composition of the medium was based upon an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human semen. In choosing the ingredients for this me ... Full text Cite

Optical instrument for measurement of vaginal coating thickness by drug delivery formulations

Journal article Review of Scientific Instruments · March 1, 2005 An optical device has been developed for imaging the human vaginal epithelial surfaces, and quantitatively measuring distributions of coating thickness of drug delivery formulations-such as gels-applied for prophylaxis, contraception or therapy. The device ... Full text Cite

Gravity-induced coating flows of vaginal gel formulations: in vitro experimental analysis.

Journal article Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · December 2004 Efficacy of topical microbicidal drug delivery formulations against HIV depends in part on their coating distributions and retention on vaginal epithelium. This study focused on gravity-induced coating flows of vaginal gels, and effects of formulation comp ... Full text Cite

Portable colposcopy in low-resource settings.

Journal article Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · October 2004 Screening for cervical dysplasia is an important public health effort worldwide. In unscreened populations, the incidence of cervical cancer ranges between 2 and 4% of the adult female population, whereas less than 0.1% of the screened population of Caucas ... Full text Cite

Reflections on CASA after 25 years.

Journal article Journal of andrology · May 2004 Full text Cite

Portable colposcopy in low-resource settings

Journal article Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · 2004 Screening for cervical dysplasia is an important public health effort worldwide. In unscreened populations, the incidence of cervical cancer ranges between 2 and 4% of the adult female population, whereas less than 0.1% of the screened population of Caucas ... Cite

Effect of temperature and pH on contraceptive gel viscosity.

Journal article Contraception · January 2003 The rheological properties of four commercially available spermicidal gels (two polyacrylic acid derivatives and two carboxymethylcellulose based) and their dilutions with a vaginal fluid simulant (pH 4.2) and a semen simulant (pH 7.7) were measured at 25 ... Full text Cite

Comparison of the rheological properties of Advantage-S and Replens.

Journal article Contraception · December 2001 The rheological properties of Advantage-S and Replens were measured at body (37 degrees C) and room temperature (25 degrees C) over a range of physiologically relevant shear rates. The viscosity of Replens was found to differ from that of Advantage-S, part ... Full text Cite

Posture influences vaginal gel distributions in women: in vivo studies.

Journal article Fertility and Sterility · September 2001 Full text Cite

Rheological properties of contraceptive gels.

Journal article Contraception · December 2000 The rheological properties of 4 commercially available contraceptive drug delivery gels and their dilutions with a vaginal fluid simulant were measured. These properties govern the critical functions of spreading and retention of these gels over the vagina ... Full text Cite

Drug delivery to the lower female reproductive tract: Mechanics and surface phenomena

Journal article Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings · December 1, 1999 Surface phenomena impact the deployment of formulations within the vagina in several ways. Surface tension is a driving force for seeping flow into the small vaginal rugae. The adhesion of formulations to vaginal surfaces governs the fluid mechanical bound ... Cite

Factors influencing nonoxynol-9 permeation and bioactivity in cervical mucus.

Journal article Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · June 1999 The effects of delivery gel pH and osmolarity on both the mass transport and 'biodiffusion' of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 (N9) in bovine cervical mucus were evaluated. Delivery gels were calcium chloride crosslinked alginate containing 3% N9, and were manu ... Full text Cite

A vaginal fluid simulant.

Journal article Contraception · February 1999 A fluid medium was developed to simulate the fluid produced in the human vagina. The composition of the medium was based on an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human vaginal secretions. In choosing the ingredients for this medium, the ... Full text Cite

Spectrophotometric analysis of molecular transport in gels.

Journal article Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · February 1999 An automated spectrophotometric method has been developed for analyzing molecular transport out from and into gels. A Beckman DU7500 diode-array UV-visible spectrophotometer with gel scanner was modified to accept and longitudinally scan a quartz diffusion ... Full text Cite

Swimming of spermatozoa in a linear viscoelastic fluid.

Journal article Biorheology · July 1998 A modified resistive force theory is developed for a spermatozoon swimming in a general linear viscoelastic fluid. The theory is based on a Fourier decomposition of the flagellar velocity, which leads to solving the Stokes flow equations with a complex vis ... Full text Cite

Timing of onset of contraceptive effectiveness in Norplant implant users. Part I. Changes in cervical mucus.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · February 1998 ObjectiveTo provide scientific data regarding the changes in cervical mucus within the first hours to days after Norplant implant insertion and to estimate when the cervical mucus is hostile enough to suggest a contraceptive effect.Design ... Full text Cite

Treatment of human spermatozoa with seminal plasma inhibits protein tyrosine phosphorylation.

Journal article Molecular human reproduction · January 1998 It has long been known that seminal plasma contains factors that influence the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa in many different ways. However, little is understood of the biochemical cascades triggered when spermatozoa and seminal plasma interact. In ... Full text Cite

Applications of biomedical engineering in reproductive biomedicine: sensing and drug delivery to the lower female reproductive tract

Journal article Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings · December 1, 1997 Current intravaginal products for contraception and prophylaxis against sexually transmitted diseases lack the efficacy that is both needed and technically possible. A multidisciplinary effort - that integrates gynecology, pathology, microbiology, and repr ... Cite

Analysis of pre-ovulatory changes in cervical mucus hydration and sperm penetrability.

Journal article Advances in contraception : the official journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception · June 1997 Changes in cervical mucus occur during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and are known to correlate with receptivity to sperm and to the endocrine milieu. Prior studies, however, have often lacked biological incisiveness and technical objectiv ... Full text Cite

Incidence and implications of altered semen quality on family planning.

Journal article Advances in contraception : the official journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception · June 1997 Alterations in the expression of the human genome, or interference with its products, can be induced in the male reproductive system by chemicals mimicking or antagonizing naturally occurring hormones. Opportunities exist for disruption at the hypothalamus ... Full text Cite

Alteration of human sperm kinematics in cervical mucus due to nonoxynol-9.

Journal article Contraception · April 1997 Traditional endpoints of the double-ended test (DET), a contraceptive screening assay used to evaluate the ability of a compound to permeate cervical mucus and inhibit sperm progression, ignore important information about sublethal effects upon sperm cells ... Full text Cite

Assessment of reproductive disorders and birth defects in communities near hazardous chemical sites. III. Guidelines for field studies of male reproductive disorders.

Journal article Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · March 1997 Exposures to environmental toxicants can have detrimental effects on several aspects of human male reproduction: fertility, sexual function, hormone status, and pregnancy/birth outcomes. However, no simple prescreening methods are available for reliably id ... Full text Cite

Measurement and modulation of nonoxynol-9 diffusion and bioactivity against spermatozoa in human cervical mucus.

Journal article Contraception · February 1997 Assays of sperm penetration into cervical mucus, in the configuration of double-ended tests (DETs), are an accepted format for evaluating the efficacy of sperm-directed contraceptives in mucus. In order to distinguish relative contributions of compound per ... Full text Cite

An unstirred assay for analyzing spermicide bioactivity against semen.

Journal article FERTILITY AND STERILITY · January 1, 1997 Link to item Cite

Effects of psychological stress on human semen quality.

Journal article J Androl · 1997 We investigated the relationship between psychological stress and sperm concentration, motility, and morphometry in a prospective study of 157 volunteers who were enrolled in a prepaid health plan. We measured psychological job stress and life-event stress ... Link to item Cite

II. Natural family planning and fecundability. Consensus

Journal article Advances in Contraception · January 1, 1997 Cite

Location of the PH-20 protein on acrosome-intact and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa of cynomolgus macaques.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · January 1995 Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the location of the membrane protein PH-20 on spermatozoa of cynomolgus macaques. Rabbit antiserum raised against recombinant cynomolgus macaque sperm PH-20 was used ... Full text Cite

Session 22 long-acting contraception II

Journal article Advances in Contraception · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Calibration and error analysis of a new magnetic sphere microrheometer

Journal article Review of Scientific Instruments · December 1, 1994 A magnetic microrheometer has been built, which can be used to study the rheological properties of materials that are available in small volumes and have distinct phases. The instrument performs creep tests (displacement in response to an imposed force), u ... Full text Cite

Kinematic response of human spermatozoa to nonoxynol-9.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · April 1994 This study was an examination of the dose response of the kinematics of human sperm motion to 1-min and 30-min incubations with the spermicide Nonoxynol-9 (N9). At concentrations resulting in only slight reductions in percentages of motile sperm (MOT), inc ... Full text Cite

Operational standards for CASA instruments.

Journal article Journal of andrology · September 1993 Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) technology is 7 years old. Over 120 papers have been written that verify the technology or apply it in basic and clinical studies. Most of the technical problems with CASA, such as the dependence of velocity on video fr ... Full text Cite

Sampling factors influencing accuracy of sperm kinematic analysis.

Journal article Journal of andrology · May 1993 Sampling conditions that influence the accuracy of experimental measurement of sperm head kinematics were studied by computer simulation methods. Several archetypal sperm trajectories were studied. First, mathematical models of typical flagellar beats were ... Full text Cite

Computer-aided sperm analysis: technology at a crossroads.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · May 1993 Full text Cite

Cervical mucus. Problems and opportunities for drug delivery via the vagina and cervix

Journal article Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · January 1, 1993 The vagina has been targeted as the site for delivery of a variety of drugs, and several different delivery systems have been utilized for this purpose. The compounds have almost exclusively been delivered to the vaginal epithelium. The presence of a mucus ... Full text Cite

Sperm motility measurement and hyperactivation

Journal article Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology · January 1, 1993 Full text Cite

The relation of computer-based measures of sperm morphology and motility to male infertility.

Journal article Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · May 1992 We investigated the relation between various sperm characteristics, including morphometric parameters, and impaired fertility among 596 men who participated in a national study. Semen was collected and processed by using a standardized protocol, and sperm ... Full text Cite

New measures of sperm motion. I. Adaptive smoothing and harmonic analysis.

Journal article Journal of andrology · March 1992 Several kinematic measures from computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) instruments depend critically upon the computation of the spatially averaged path of a sperm's curvilinear swimming trajectory. Presently available instruments compute the average path by ... Full text Cite

Standardization and comparability of CASA instruments.

Journal article Journal of andrology · January 1992 Thirty human semen specimens were analyzed using a standard manual method, then videotaped and reanalyzed using two different computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) instruments (the HTM system, Hamilton-Thorn Research, Danvers, MA, and the CTS system, Motion ... Full text Cite

Laboratory methods for assessing human semen in epidemiologic studies: a consensus report.

Journal article Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · January 1992 It is clear that additional methodologic work needs to be performed. Some data gaps described above are being actively investigated. Other standards were not addressed at this meeting; statistical handling of the data, differences among CASA machines, and ... Full text Cite

Methods for assessing rat sperm motility.

Journal article Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · January 1992 Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems are becoming more widely used. With this spread of technology come more data from toxicology studies, designed to determine if treatment with putative toxicants affects sperm motion parameters. While these CA ... Full text Cite

Human cervical mucus: research update.

Journal article American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · December 1991 Evaluation of cervical mucus is a standard for determining the fertile period in natural family planning. Cervical mucus accepts, filters, prepares, and releases sperm for successful transport to the egg and fertilization. Recent scientific advances provid ... Full text Cite

The use of a urinary estrone conjugates assay for detection of optimal mating time in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

Journal article Journal of medical primatology · July 1991 Forty-four female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were examined to determine the optimum fertile period for mating. Daily urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) were measured, beginning on day 7 of the menstrual cycle, until a 1.5-gold E1C rise above t ... Full text Cite

Cervical mucus and sperm transport in reproduction.

Journal article Seminars in perinatology · April 1991 Cite

Species differences in susceptibility to 1,3-dinitrobenzene-lnduced testicular toxicity and methemoglobinemia

Journal article Toxicological Sciences · February 1, 1991 The testicular toxicity and methemoglobinemia induced by 1,3-dinitro-benzene (1,3-DNB) was compared in two species, the Sprague-Dawley rat and the golden Syrian hamster. A marked difference in susceptibility to both endpoints of toxicity was observed. The ... Full text Cite

Species differences in susceptibility to 1,3-dinitrobenzene-induced testicular toxicity and methemoglobinemia.

Journal article Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology · February 1991 The testicular toxicity and methemoglobinemia induced by 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) was compared in two species, the Sprague-Dawley rat and the golden Syrian hamster. A marked difference in susceptibility to both endpoints of toxicity was observed. The h ... Full text Cite

Evidence for the function of hyperactivated motility in sperm.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · February 1991 After insemination, mammalian sperm undergo a striking change in flagellar beat pattern, termed hyperactivation. In low-viscosity culture medium, nonhyperactivated sperm flagella generate relatively symmetrical, low-amplitude waves, while hyperactivated sp ... Full text Cite

A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on the reproductive outcomes of wives of dry-cleaning workers.

Journal article American journal of industrial medicine · January 1991 The purpose of this investigation was to compare the reproductive outcomes of wives of men exposed to perchloroethylene in the dry-cleaning industry compared to those of wives of laundry workers. Seventeen female partners of dry cleaners and 32 partners of ... Full text Cite

A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on semen quality in dry cleaning workers.

Journal article American journal of industrial medicine · January 1991 The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of perchloroethylene (PCE) exposure on human semen quality. We compared the semen quality of 34 dry cleaners with that of 48 laundry workers. We examined the relationships of 17 semen parameter ... Full text Cite

Characteristics of sperm motility.

Journal article Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · January 1991 Full text Cite

Mechanisms of filtration of morphologically abnormal human sperm by cervical mucus.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · September 1990 It is well known that cervical mucus restricts penetration of morphologically abnormal human sperm, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of such restriction are not well understood. Using videomicrography to simultaneously analyze the motions ... Full text Cite

Organization of the Hamster Cumulus Extracellular Matrix: A Hyaluronate‐Glycoprotein Gel which Modulates Sperm Access to the Oocyte: Extracellular matrix/Hyaluronate/Oocyte‐cumulus complex/Extracellular matrix glycoproteins/Sperm enzymes

Journal article Development Growth Differentiation · January 1, 1990 The mammalian oocyte‐cumulus complex contains an extracellular matrix rich in hyaluronate. Recently, the microstructure of the hamster cumulus extracellular matrix was described (52). In the present work, we investigated the organization of this matrix. We ... Full text Cite

Movement of cynomolgus and rhesus monkey spermatozoa collected from the lower female reproductive tract.

Journal article Gamete research · November 1989 Postcoital (pc) cervical mucus was collected in 73 menstrual cycles of cynomolgus monkeys and in 43 cycles of rhesus monkeys at 2, 6, 10, 30 hr pc. Videomicrography was used to analyze sperm numbers and movement in the mucus. Both cynomolgus and rhesus mon ... Full text Cite

Factors regulating mammalian sperm migration through the female reproductive tract and oocyte vestments.

Journal article Gamete research · April 1989 Mechanisms of mammalian sperm migration through the female reproductive tract and ovum vestments are described. The perspective is biophysical as well as biochemical and morphological, and the focus is upon the role of sperm motility in these processes. Sp ... Full text Cite

Human cervical mucus and its interaction with sperm: a fine-structural view.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · March 1989 Cervical mucus is a glycoprotein gel whose biological functions depend upon its macromolecular architecture. Using freeze-substitution fixation techniques, we have used transmission electron microscopy to examine the fine structural aspects of mucus, befor ... Full text Cite

Introduction to the 6TH UC - Davis Biomedical Engineering Sympostum

Journal article Biomaterials Artificial Cells and Artificial Organs · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Semen characteristics of Vietnam veterans.

Journal article Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · January 1989 As part of an epidemiologic study of the health status of a randomly selected group of Vietnam veterans, we measured the semen characteristics of 324 Vietnam veterans and compared them with a similar group of 247 veterans who did not serve in Vietnam. The ... Full text Cite

Automated semen analysis

Journal article Current Problems in Obstetrics Gynecology and Fertility · January 1, 1989 The analysis of human spermatozoa, in both semen and nonsemen contexts, promises to provide vital information about male reproductive health and fertility. That promise has been incompletely realized in large part because the traditional tools for sperm an ... Cite

Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA): image digitization and processing.

Journal article Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs · January 1989 The active undulations of a sperm flagellum are a basic expression of cell vitality. They reflect a number of intracellular processes, and also reveal the interaction between the sperm and its environment. The pattern of sperm-head motion during locomotion ... Full text Cite

Biological basis of in vitro tests of sperm function.

Journal article Progress in clinical and biological research · January 1989 Cite

Kinematics of hamster sperm during penetration of the cumulus cell matrix.

Journal article Gamete research · December 1988 During capacitation, mammalian spermatozoa gain the ability to penetrate the cumulus cell matrix (CCM). The role of hyperactivated motility for this capacity is uncertain. In the present study, hamster sperm were observed during penetration and progression ... Full text Cite

Hamster sperm penetration of the zona pellucida: kinematic analysis and mechanical implications.

Journal article Developmental biology · November 1988 There have been few direct observations of penetration of the zona pellucida by spermatozoa, and no detailed description of the kinematics of this process. Such information is important in evaluating the contribution of mechanical thrust by the sperm flage ... Full text Cite

Mechanics of sperm-egg interaction at the zona pellucida.

Journal article Biophysical journal · October 1988 Mammalian sperm traverse several layers of egg vestments before fertilization can occur. The innermost vestment, the zona pellucida, is a glycoprotein shell, which captures and tethers the sperm before they penetrate it. We report here direct measurements ... Full text Cite

The relationship between the motility and morphology of spermatozoa in human semen.

Journal article Journal of andrology · July 1988 High-speed videomicrography was used to assess simultaneously the morphology and motility of seminal spermatozoa from 10 fertile donors and 10 patients being evaluated for infertility. In both donors and patients, morphologically normal spermatozoa were mo ... Full text Cite

Changes in human sperm motion during capacitation in vitro.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · May 1988 Spermatozoa from 10 fertile donors and from 10 patients with infertile marriages were washed and centrifuged (time zero, T0), and incubated in vitro in capacitation media for 6 h (T6), or 24 h (T24). At each time individual spermatozoa were classified as b ... Full text Cite

Prospective surveillance of semen quality in the workplace.

Journal article Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association · April 1988 We performed a prospective surveillance of semen quality among workers in the plant where 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane was first recognized as an occupational cause of impaired semen quality and of infertility. All male employees of the Agricultural Chemica ... Cite

Localization of cortical granule constituents before and after exocytosis in the hamster egg.

Journal article The Journal of experimental zoology · April 1988 Electrical activation of the hamster egg was used to study cortical granule constituents before and after exocytosis. The activated hamster eggs underwent cortical granule decondensation just prior to and at the time of exocytosis. Some of the cortical gra ... Full text Cite

Early indicators of male reproductive toxicity.

Journal article Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · March 1988 Longitudinal data were analyzed for seminal characteristics of rhesus monkeys and beagles. The monkeys were exposed to DBCP; the beagles were exposed to acute or chronic whole body gamma irradiation. The semen was analyzed for volume and sperm concentratio ... Full text Cite

Structure of the cumulus matrix and zona pellucida in the golden hamster: a new view of sperm interaction with oocyte-associated extracellular matrices.

Journal article Cell and tissue research · March 1988 Hamster oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC), with and without sperm, were structurally analyzed by light- and electron microscopy using freeze substitution. This method has yielded a clear picture of the extracellular oocyte investments, the cumulus cell matrix ... Full text Cite

Quantitative analysis of sperm motion kinematics from real-time video-edge images

Journal article Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering · February 4, 1988 A new model of sperm swimming kinematics, which uses signal processing methods and multivariate statistical techniques to identify individual cell-motion parameters and unique cell populations, is presented. Swimming paths of individual cells are obtained ... Full text Cite

Biophysical properties of the zona pellucida measured by capillary suction: is zona hardening a mechanical phenomenon?

Journal article The Journal of experimental zoology · February 1988 Following fertilization, the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein shell investing mammalian eggs, becomes more resistant to dissolution by various agents. This decreased solubility, termed zona hardening, does not occur in hamsters. Thus, universal roles of zona ... Full text Cite

Health status of Vietnam veterans. II. Physical health

Journal article Journal of the American Medical Association · 1988 The Vietnam Experience Study was a multidimensional assessment of the health of Vietnam veterans. From a random sample of enlisted men who entered the US Army from 1965 through 1971, 7924 Vietnam and 7364 non-Vietnam veterans participated in a telephone in ... Cite

Semen analysis.

Journal article The Urologic clinics of North America · August 1987 The capability to analyze semen is not new but until recently was a clinical art practiced well by only a few experts. The development of objective, quantitative methods for semen evaluation has brought these diagnostic capabilities to every clinical labor ... Cite

Automatic analysis of human sperm motion.

Journal article Journal of andrology · May 1987 A new computerized methodology is described in which sperm movement characteristics are analyzed automatically. Video fields containing images of spermatozoa are electronically digitized, and the centroid position of each sperm head is determined. Over tim ... Full text Cite

Morphometric analysis of spermatozoa in the assessment of human male fertility.

Journal article Journal of andrology · July 1986 A videomicrographic system was developed for measurement of morphometric parameters of human spermatozoa. Contours of the images of spermatozoa on a video monitor are digitized by manually tracing them with the cursor of an electromagnetic digitizer integr ... Full text Cite

In vitro studies of the golden hamster sperm acrosome reaction: completion on the zona pellucida and induction by homologous soluble zonae pellucidae.

Journal article Developmental biology · March 1986 We have studied the occurrence of the golden hamster sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro during interaction with the oocyte investments: the cumulus cell matrix and the zona pellucida. Hamster sperm were capacitated in a defined medium that does not indu ... Full text Cite

The response of rhesus monkey sperm motility to cervical mucus and solid surfaces

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1986 Movement characteristics of rhesus monkey spermatozoa were analyzed using high‐speed cinemicrography. In the first experiment, spermatozoa were studied at 100 frames/sec in diluted semen near a surface, and after entering ovulatory cervical mucus from a bo ... Full text Cite

The evolution of hamster sperm motility during capacitation and interaction with the ovum vestments in vitro

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1986 Movement characteristics of golden hamster spermatozoa were studied upon collection from the cauda epididymis, during an incubation which capacitates the spermatozoa in vitro, during penetration of the cumulus, and during attachment to and penetration of t ... Full text Cite

Real-time analysis of sperm motion using automatic video image digitization.

Journal article Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · December 1985 A methodology is described for automatic, real-time analysis of sperm movement characteristics. Video micrographic images of spermatozoa are digitized, compressed, and then analyzed using a Motion Analysis Corporation Expert Vision system. The system inclu ... Full text Cite

Increases in human sperm oxygen consumption at low cell concentrations.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · May 1985 Human spermatozoan oxygen consumption was measured in semen serially diluted with its own plasma, and shortly after serial dilution of washed spermatozoa in an artificial medium. In both media, per-sperm oxygen uptake rose significantly when sperm concentr ... Full text Cite

Biochemical and biophysical changes in the hamster Zona pellucida following egg activation

Journal article Federation Proceedings · January 1, 1985 Following fertilization and cortical granule release, the mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) undergoes changes associated with the block to polyspermic fertilization and the protection of the developing embryo. These changes are not well understood and may vary ... Cite

A possible role for potassium and pyruvate in the modulation of sperm motility in the rabbit oviducal isthmus.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · July 1984 Spermatozoa were recovered from the isthmus of the rabbit oviduct at 4 and 11 h post coitum using several defined flushing media. The motility of spermatozoa in the isthmic flushings was subsequently analysed from video recordings. There was little sperm m ... Full text Cite

Factors influencing the penetration of human spermatozoa into cervical mucus in vitro

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1984 Experiments were conducted to determine some of the biological variables that may affect sperm penetration of human cervical mucus in vitro. Quantitative tests of cervical mucus penetration were carried out to determine the percentage of successful colliso ... Full text Cite

Changes in motility that accompany the acrosome reaction in hyperactivated hamster spermatozoa

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1984 High‐speed videomicrography was used to compare the movement characteristics of hamster epididymal sperm which completed the acrosome reaction in vitro with those of unreacted sperm in the same sample. More than 90% of the motile sperm incubated for 4.25 h ... Full text Cite

Movement characteristics and acrosomal status of rabbit spermatozoa recovered at the site and time of fertilization.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · December 1983 Rabbit spermatozoa were recovered from the oviductal ampullae 11 h postcoitus by an oil microflush technique. Their movement was evaluated in the ampullar fluid, or in ampullar fluid diluted with in vitro fertilization medium, in slide preparations which w ... Full text Cite

Movement characteristics of bovine epididymal spermatozoa: effects of forward motility protein and epididymal maturation.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · September 1983 Movement characteristics of untreated bovine caudal epididymal spermatozoa were compared by high-speed cinemicrography with those of theophylline-activated caput epididymal spermatozoa with and without added forward motility protein (FMP). Comparison of in ... Full text Cite

What functions of the sperm cell are measured by in vitro fertilization of zona-free hamster eggs?

Journal article Fertility and sterility · September 1983 Human spermatozoa were capacitated in media containing either high concentrations (3.5%) of human serum albumin (HSA) or low concentrations (0.3%) of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The effects of both capacitation media were assessed immediately and after ove ... Full text Cite

Assessment of a new spermicidal agent against ejaculated dog and human spermatozoa in vitro.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · August 1983 The spermatostatic potencies of a new vaginal contraceptive agent, RS-37367, and a standard surfactant compound, nonoxynol-9, have been compared by using ejaculated dog and human spermatozoa. RS-37367 was 25 to 50 times more potent than nonoxynol-9 against ... Full text Cite

Human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs after storage of the semen for 48 hours at 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · April 1983 The motility of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs were examined after dilution of the semen with TES-Tris (TEST) yolk buffer and storage for 48 hours at 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C. Semen samples from 10 fertile donors ... Full text Cite

Flow permeation analysis of bovine cervical mucus.

Journal article Biophysical journal · May 1982 Geometrical properties of the microstructure of whole bovine cervical mucus were studied. An experimental technique was developed for measuring the flow of fluid through the mucus microstructure in response to application or a prescribed external pressure ... Full text Cite

A study of the relationship of motile sperm numbers in cervical mucus 48 hours after artificial insemination with subsequent fertility.

Journal article American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · May 1982 The records of 159 women who underwent 561 cycles of donor insemination (AID) in the UCD artificial insemination program were analyzed in a study of the relationship of the numbers of motile sperm seen in the cervical mucus 48 hours after AID with subseque ... Full text Cite

Differences in the movement of morphologically normal and abnormal human seminal spermatozoa.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · May 1982 Movement characteristics of human spermatozoa in fresh semen from 7 fertile men were studied using high-speed cinemicrography. Parameters that measured sperm swimming speed, flagellar beat frequency, flagellar beat shape, and the straightness of the swimmi ... Full text Cite

Alteration of cervical mucus by vanguard human spermatozoa.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · May 1982 Movement characteristics of 'vanguard' and 'following' human spermatozoa within cervical mucus were measured using high-speed cinemicrography. The data were applied to a mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of sperm-mucus interaction, using the methods ... Full text Cite

A Competitive In Vitro Assay of Human Sperm Fertilizing Ability Utilizing Contrasting Fluorescent Sperm Markers

Journal article Journal of Andrology · January 1, 1982 Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) were evaluated for use as contrasting fluorescent labels on living human spermatozoa. Unlabeled (control), FITC‐labeled (green fluorescence), TRITC‐labeled (red fluorescence ... Full text Cite

Assessment of a new spermicidal agent against human sperm in vitro

Journal article Archives of Andrology · January 1, 1982 Cite

The mechanisms and analysis of sperm migration through cervical mucus.

Journal article Advances in experimental medicine and biology · January 1982 Full text Cite

Movement of bull spermatozoa in cervical mucus.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · December 1981 Full text Cite

Simultaneous assessment of human sperm motility and morphology by videomicrography.

Journal article The Journal of urology · September 1981 Videotapes were analyzed to assess sperm motility and morphology in the semen of 5 fertile donors and 20 infertile patients. The slow motion playback control of the video recorder allowed simultaneous assessment of the motility and morphology of individual ... Full text Cite

Variations within and amongst normal men of movement characteristics of seminal spermatozoa.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · May 1981 Movement characteristics of the seminal spermatozoa of 9 men of contemporary fertility were studied using time-exposure photomicrography. Five different ejaculates, collected over a 9-month period, were analysed for each man. The assessment of sperm motili ... Full text Cite

Sperm motility assessment by videomicrography.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · February 1981 A technically simple, inexpensive method is described for measuring objective parameters of sperm motility. The instruments involved are commercially available, home-oriented videotape equipment. Quantitative measurements of sperm motility are made directl ... Full text Cite

The movement characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa before and after activation

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1981 Spermatozoa were flushed with mineral oil from the lower isthmus of the rabbit oviduct at four hours postcoitus (pc) and 11 hours pc. Videotapes were made of sperm behavior in the native isthmic fluid and after dilution of the fluid with culture medium. Th ... Full text Cite

The importance of seminal plasma for sperm penetration of human cervical mucus.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · December 1980 Experiments were carried out in which semen samples were diluted 1:1 with Tyrode's solution or with their own seminal plasma (obtained by centrifuging another semen aliquot) as a control. Each experiment consisted of a paired comparison of these two sperm ... Full text Cite

Motility of rabbit spermatozoa in the secretions of the oviduct.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · June 1980 Full text Cite

Movement characteristics of hamster spermatozoa within the oviduct.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · May 1980 Full text Cite

A new quantitative test for sperm penetration into cervical mucus.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · February 1980 A new experimental and theoretical procedure is described for characterizing the penetration of spermatozoa into cervical mucus in vitro. Semen is introduced to a prescribed volume of mucus contained in a flat capillary tube. Use of the tube enables the su ... Full text Cite

The propulsion by large amplitude waves of uniflagellar micro-organisms of finite length

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · January 1, 1980 The fluid mechanics of self-propelling, slender uniflagellar micro-organisms is examined theoretically. The mathematical analysis of these motions is based upon the Stokes equations, and the body is represented by a continuous distribution of stokeslets an ... Full text Cite

Non-linear viscoelastic properties of cervical mucus.

Journal article Biorheology · January 1980 Cite

Flagellar propulsion of human sperm in cervical mucus.

Journal article Biorheology · January 1980 Full text Cite

Beat frequency is bimodally distributed in spermatozoa from T/t12 mice.

Journal article The Journal of experimental zoology · December 1979 Flagellar beat frequencies of spermatozoa from mice of varying genotype were studied using highspeed cinemicrography. Beat frequency was variable but unimodal in two inbred lines, their F1, and an outbred line. In contrast, beat frequency in spermatozoa fr ... Full text Cite

A simple inexpensive method for objective assessment of human sperm movement characteristics.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · February 1979 A simple, objective method is described for obtaining a well-defined and diversified set of human sperm movement characteristics. These data are suitable for comprehensive statistical comparisons of sperm suspensions. One-second time-exposure photomicrogra ... Full text Cite

The motility of rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the female reproductive tract

Journal article Gamete Research · January 1, 1979 The motility of rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the vagina, endocervix, uterus, and four regions of the oviduct was assessed visually by phase‐contrast microscopy at intervals from one minute to 16 hours after a single mating. The percentage of motile ce ... Full text Cite

A microliter oxygen electrode system for sperm suspensions.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · December 1978 A new polarographic oxygen electrode system is described which can accept sperm suspensions with volumes as low as 50 microliters. In this configuration, the electrode tip forms the base of the suspension reaction chamber, and there is no stirring. Consequ ... Full text Cite

The movement of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · July 1978 Movement characteristics of freely swimming spermatozoa were studied with high-speed cinemicrography. At 21 degrees C, flagellar beat frequency was higher in midcycle human cervical mucus than in native semen or Tyrode's solution; the beat shape differed, ... Full text Cite

Water mobility within bovine cervical mucus.

Journal article Biology of reproduction · June 1978 Full text Cite

Flagellar propulsion of sperm in cervical-mucus

Journal article Biorheology · 1978 Cite

Digitally controlled nmr spectrometer and its application in studies of cervical-mucus

Journal article Bulletin Of The American Physical Society · 1978 Cite

Flow permeation studies of cervical-mucus

Journal article Biorheology · 1978 Cite

Movement characteristics and power output of guinea-pig and hamster spermatozoa in relation to activation.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · January 1978 Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymidis of golden hamsters and guinea-pigs, and the acrosome reaction was induced in vitro. Movement characteristics of the spermatozoa were assessed with high-speed cinemicrography. Before the initiation of t ... Full text Cite

A flat capillary tube system for assessment of sperm movement in cervical mucus.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · January 1978 A new flat capillary tube system has been developed for studies of sperm movement in cervical mucus. The system is easy to use, employs readily obtainable components, and is amenable to small sample sizes characteristic of human cervical mucus. The system ... Full text Cite

Geotaxis by motile spermatozoa: Hydrodynamic reorientation.

Journal article Journal of theoretical biology · August 1977 Full text Cite

Improved motility recovery of human spermatozoa after freeze preservation via a new approach.

Journal article Fertility and sterility · November 1976 A new sperm isolation technique was studied in conjunction with the short-term freeze preservation of human spermatozoa. The isolation procedure yielded subpopulations of spermatozoa with very high percentage motility and progressive motility score, and wh ... Full text Cite

On the movement of slender bodies near plane boundaries at low Reynolds number

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · December 9, 1975 Normal and tangential resistance coefficients are calculated for a rigid slender body close to a planar no-slip boundary or midway between and close to two such boundaries. The important length scale is found to be the separation distance from the boundari ... Full text Cite

Methods of measuring swimming speed of spermatozoa.

Journal article Journal of reproduction and fertility · November 1975 Three basic approaches for determining the mean swimming speed of a suspension of microorganisms were compared, using bull and ram spermatozoa. Number fluctuation counting was performed automatically on a Quantimet 720 image analysing computer, the mean sp ... Full text Cite

ON THE MOVEMENT OF SLENDER BODIES NEAR PLANE BOUNDARIES AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER.

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1975 Normal and tangential resistance coefficients are calculated for a rigid slender body close to a planar no-slip boundary or midway between and close to two such boundaries. The important length scale is found to be the separation distance from the boundari ... Cite

ON THE PROPULSION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS NEAR SOLID BOUNDARIES.

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1974 In this paper an infinite waving sheet is used to model a micro-organism swimming either parallel to a single plane wall, or along a channel formed by two such walls. The sheet surfave, which undergoes small amplitude waves, can represent either a single f ... Cite

STOKES FLOW ABOUT A SPHERE ATTACHED TO A SLENDER BODY.

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1974 Stokes flow is analyzed for a combination body, consisting of a sphere attached to a slender body, translating along its axis in an infinite and otherwise undisturbed fluid. The cross-section of the after-body, or tail, is circular; the radius, while not n ... Cite

Optimal swimming of flagellated micro-organisms

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · January 1, 1974 This paper studies flagellar undulations that propel a micro-organism at a given speed while minimizing its expenditure of hydrodynamical energy. The study is in two basic parts. The first part is a qualitative inquiry into the general nature of undulation ... Full text Cite

Stokes flow about a sphere attached to a slender body

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · January 1, 1974 Stokes flow is analysed for a combination body, consisting of a sphere attached to a slender body, translating along its axis in an infinite and otherwise un-disturbed fluid. The cross-section of the after-body, or tail, is circular; the radius, while not ... Full text Cite

On the propulsion of micro-organisms near solid boundaries

Journal article Journal of Fluid Mechanics · January 1, 1974 In this paper an infinite waving sheet is used to model a micro-organism swimming either parallel to a single plane wall, or along a channel formed by two such walls. The sheet surface, which undergoes small amplitude waves, can represent either a single f ... Full text Cite

A simple technique for the measurement of swimming speed of Chlamydomonas.

Journal article Experimental cell research · October 1973 Full text Cite