Scholarly Works - Book sections
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July 18, 2024
Developmental toxicology is the study of toxic exposures in early life and their impacts on health and development. It employs a combination of experimental and human studies. Early development from zygote, through gestation, infancy, childhood, and adoles ...
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January 1, 2023
(A) Definition. Behavioral toxicology analyzes the adverse functional effects of toxic actions in the brain. (B) Process. This section presents the spectrum of behavioral tests of cognition, emotional functions, as well as other behavioral functions, their ...
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January 1, 2022
Nicotine exposure causes well characterized neurotoxic effects, which are highly dependent on the age of exposure. During early development, nicotine exposure causes persistent neural and behavioral impairments, even with low doses modeling second-hand or ...
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January 1, 2021
Behavioral test batteries are valuable methods which allow outcomes with varying characteristics and neurobiological bases to be assessed and compared in the same animals. This allows investigators to construct a profile of impairments produced by a pharma ...
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January 1, 2019
Tobacco addiction is a major problem worldwide with devastating health and socioeconomic consequences. Although several pharmacological treatments have been designed for combating this addiction, the development of more effective medications for the treatm ...
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January 1, 2018
Tobacco use during pregnancy has long been known to cause persisting adverse neurobehavioral consequences in children. Even more prevalent is the exposure of pregnant women to secondhand smoke: although exposure levels are about one-tenth of that of smokin ...
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January 1, 2018
Since the 1940s five major classes of synthetic insecticides have been introduced into the market: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids. All classes primarily target the nervous system of insects as a means of kill ...
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January 1, 2018
The neurotoxic and neuropharmacologic effects of nicotine vary substantially with the age during which organisms are exposed. During early development nicotine causes neurotoxicity impacting processes of neurodevelopment. During adolescence, nicotine admin ...
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January 1, 2010
This chapter defines the vulnerability of the developing nervous system to organophosphate pesticides, in terms of cognitive functions, social and sex-related behavioral patterns, and body weight regulation. Impaired neurobehavioral development of children ...
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January 1, 2006
Nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor systems are critical neural components of cognitive functions. Nicotine and nicotinic agonists have been shown to improve cognition in rats in numerous studies [13-15, 27, 31, 59]. Similarly, nicotinic-receptor antagonists ...
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January 1, 2006
The causes of illness are many and problematic. Our first line of investigation is descriptive - the generally straightforward problem of discovering a reliable syndrome. The second step is generally epidemiological - discovering the environmental or genet ...
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January 1, 2006
Animal models of cognitive impairment are critically important for determining the neural bases of learning, memory, and attention. These cognitive functions are the result of complex interactions of a variety of neural systems and thus cannot be well stud ...
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January 1, 2001
Nicotine is a multifaceted drug. It acts on a variety of nicotinic receptor subtypes widely distributed throughout the nervous system. Nicotine both stimulates and desensitizes these receptors to affect a variety of neurobehavioral functions. This complex ...
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January 1, 2001
Rat models have been very useful in demonstrating the effects of nicotinic agonist and antagonist on memory performance. Experimental rat models have been critical in providing the behavioral characterization of nicotinic effects on memory, as well as impo ...
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January 1, 2001
Nicotine administered by smoking and by transdermal patches has been shown to improve attention in dependent smokers, nondependent smokers, and nonsmokers significantly. Attentional improvements are also seen in patients with attention deficits including t ...
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January 1, 2000
The radial-arm maze has proven to be a very useful technique for assessing spatial learning and memory in rodents. Many different sizes of radial-arm mazes have been used, with the most common being the 8-arm maze. The radial maze takes advantage of rodent ...
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