Scholars@Duke
Edward Daniel Levin

Edward Daniel Levin

Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
edlevin@duke.edu
Box 102506, Durham, NC 27710
Room 7041 Duke North Pavilion, Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Low dose nicotine administration improves attentional performance in rats but is not blocked by nicotinic antagonists.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · October 2025 Nicotine has been found by a variety of studies to improve cognitive function, including attention in both humans and experimental animals. However, it is not known which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulating vs. desensitizing effects of nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting neurobehavioral consequences of gestational exposure to cadmium and benzo[a]pyrene in rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2025 Neurotoxic risks in the environment come from many toxicants, which are often found together in complex mixtures. However, nearly all experimental studies evaluate one chemical at a time. Neurobehavioral effects of developmental exposure to heavy metals su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting neurobehavioral consequences of daily or intermittent paternal cannabis administration in F1 and F2 Rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · July 2024 Repeated paternal preconception exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) alone or together with the other constituents in a cannabis extract has been shown in our earlier studies in rats to cause significant neurobehavioral impairment in their offsprin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure to pesticides that disrupt retinoic acid signaling causes persistent retinoid and behavioral dysfunction in zebrafish.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · March 26, 2024 Early developmental exposure to environmental toxicants may play a role in the risk for developing autism. A variety of pesticides have direct effects on retinoic acid (RA) signaling and as RA signaling has important roles in neurodevelopment, such compoun ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.

Journal article Sci Total Environ · March 20, 2024 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in the environment and humans. In-utero PFAS exposure is associated with numerous adverse health impacts. However, little is known about how prenatal PFAS mixture expos ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Acute and chronic glutamate NMDA antagonist treatment attenuates dopamine D1 antagonist-induced reduction of nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 2024 Multiple interacting neural systems are involved in sustaining nicotine reinforcement. We and others have shown that dopamine D1 receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors both play important roles in nicotine reinforcement. Blockade of D1 receptors with the a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Embryonic exposures to cadmium and PAHs cause long-term and interacting neurobehavioral effects in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2024 Developmental exposure to either polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals has been shown to cause persisting and overlapping neurobehavioral effects in animal models. However, interactions between these compounds have not been well character ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio.

Journal article Aquat Toxicol · October 2023 The potential for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to have adverse effects that persist across generations is an emerging concern for human and wildlife health. This study evaluated the role of mitochondria, which are maternally inherited, in the cr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure of zebrafish to neonicotinoid pesticides: Long-term effects on neurobehavioral function.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · May 2023 Neonicotinoid compounds are commonly used insecticides which have become increasingly used as replacements of older generations of insecticides, such as organophosphates. Given the established neurotoxicity of cholinergic toxicants, developmental neurotoxi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure to the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate, causes long-lasting neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunction.

Journal article Birth Defects Res · February 1, 2023 BACKGROUND: Human exposures to organophosphate flame retardants result from their use as additives in numerous consumer products. These agents are replacements for brominated flame retardants but have not yet faced similar scrutiny for developmental neurot ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Embryonic exposure to PFAS causes long-term, compound-specific behavioral alterations in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2023 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used as surfactants and coatings for industrial processes and consumer products. These compounds have been increasingly detected in drinking water and human tissue, and concern over their potential ef ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Sperm DNA methylation alterations from cannabis extract exposure are evident in offspring.

Journal article Epigenetics Chromatin · September 10, 2022 BACKGROUND: Cannabis legalization is expanding and men are the predominant users. We have limited knowledge about how cannabis impacts sperm and whether the effects are heritable. RESULTS: Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data were generated for sp ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Persistent neurobehavioral and neurochemical anomalies in middle-aged rats after maternal diazinon exposure.

Journal article Toxicology · April 30, 2022 Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that has a history of wide use. Developmental exposures to organophosphates lead to neurobehavioral changes that emerge early in life and can persist into adulthood. However, preclinical studies have generally evalu ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Time-dependent effects of nicotine on reversal of dizocilpine-induced attentional impairment in female rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2022 Nicotine and nicotinic compounds have been found to attenuate the attentional impairments caused by the glutamate NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801). The timing of the nicotine effect on attention in rodents has not yet been determined. In the current st ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Developmental nicotine exposure and masculinization of the rat preoptic area.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · March 2022 Nicotine is a neuroteratogenic component of tobacco smoke, e-cigarettes, and other products and can exert sex-specific effects in the developing brain, likely mediated through sex hormones. Estradiol modulates expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Chronic infusions of mecamylamine into the medial habenula: Effects on nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · January 7, 2022 The habenula is an epithalamic structure through which descending connections go from the telencephalon to the brainstem, putting it in a key location to provide feedback control over the ascending projections from the brainstem to the telencephalon. The m ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Embryonic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene causes age-dependent behavioral alterations and long-term metabolic dysfunction in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2022 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of incomplete combustion which are ubiquitous pollutants and constituents of harmful mixtures such as tobacco smoke, petroleum and creosote. Animal studies have shown that these compounds exert developmen ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Impact of acute nicotine exposure on monoaminergic systems in adolescent and adult male and female rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2022 Adolescence is a period of risk for beginning tobacco addiction. Differential neural response to nicotine in adolescents vs. adults may help explain the increased vulnerability to nicotine self-administration seen with adolescent onset. We indexed the effe ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Paternal Cannabis Exposure Prior to Mating, but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Elicits Deficits in Dopaminergic Synaptic Activity in the Offspring.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · November 24, 2021 The legalization and increasing availability of cannabis products raises concerns about the impact on offspring of users, and little has appeared on the potential contribution of paternal use. We administered cannabis extract to male rats prior to mating, ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Self-administration by female rats of low doses of nicotine alone vs. nicotine in tobacco smoke extract.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend · November 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Nicotine has reinforcing effects, but there are thousands of other compounds in tobacco, some of which might interact with nicotine reinforcement. AIMS: This rat study was conducted to determine if nicotine self-administration is altered by co- ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Differential behavioral functioning in the offspring of rats with high vs. low self-administration of the opioid agonist remifentanil.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · October 15, 2021 Opioid use disorder (OUD) has a variety of adverse effects on both the users and their offspring. In the current study, a random group of Sprague-Dawley rats (25 females and 15 males) were tested for intravenous self-administration of the opioid agonist re ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Differences in Cognitive Task Performance, Reinforcement Enhancement, and Nicotine Dependence Between Menthol and Nonmenthol Cigarette Smokers.

Journal article Nicotine Tob Res · October 7, 2021 INTRODUCTION: Menthol has been shown to target similar brain regions and neural receptors as nicotine, yet the association between menthol cigarette use and cognitive performance remains unknown. AIMS AND METHODS: This study examined differences in cogniti ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The use of tocofersolan as a rescue agent in larval zebrafish exposed to benzo[a]pyrene in early development.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2021 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants created by incomplete combustion. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the prototypic PAH, is known to exert toxicity through oxidative stress which is thought to occur through inhibition of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Subchronic effects of plant alkaloids on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 2021 Zebrafish provide a valuable emerging complementary model for neurobehavioral research. They offer a powerful way to screen for the potential therapeutic effects of neuroactive drugs. A variety of behavioral tests for zebrafish have been developed and vali ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral anomalies in zebrafish after sequential exposures to DDT and chlorpyrifos in adulthood: Do multiple exposures interact?

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2021 A sequence of different classes of synthetic insecticides have been used over the past 70 years. Over this period, the widely-used organochlorines were eventually replaced by organophosphates, with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlorpyrifos (CP ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The organophosphate insecticide diazinon and aging: Neurobehavioral and mitochondrial effects in zebrafish exposed as embryos or during aging.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2021 Organophosphate (OP) compounds comprise one of the most widely used classes of insecticides worldwide. OPs have been shown to have negative human health impacts, particularly developmental neurotoxicity. However, neurotoxic impacts in later adulthood and d ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Refraining from use diminishes cannabis-associated epigenetic changes in human sperm.

Journal article Environ Epigenet · 2021 Cannabis use alters sperm DNA methylation, but the potential reversibility of these changes is unknown. Semen samples from cannabis users and non-user controls were collected at baseline and again following a 77-day period of cannabis abstinence (one sperm ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Translating Neurobehavioral Toxicity Across Species From Zebrafish to Rats to Humans: Implications for Risk Assessment.

Journal article Front Toxicol · 2021 There is a spectrum of approaches to neurotoxicological science from high-throughput in vitro cell-based assays, through a variety of experimental animal models to human epidemiological and clinical studies. Each level of analysis has its own advantages an ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Epigenetic alterations in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) in sperm of rats exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Journal article Scientific Reports · December 1, 2020 As marijuana legalization is increasing, research regarding possible long-term risks for users and their offspring is needed. Little data exists on effects of paternal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure prior to reproduction. This study determined if chro ... Full text Open Access Cite

Paternal cannabis extract exposure in rats: Preconception timing effects on neurodevelopmental behavior in offspring.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · December 2020 Maternal toxicant exposure during gestation can have deleterious effects on neurobehavioral development of the offspring. The potential risks engendered by paternal toxicant exposure prior to conception have been largely understudied. Recently, we found th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 2020 Measurement of attentional performance in animal behavioral research allows us to investigate neural mechanisms underlying attentional processes and translate results to better understand human attentional function, dysfunction and drug treatments to rever ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Zebrafish show long-term behavioral impairments resulting from developmental vitamin D deficiency.

Journal article Physiol Behav · October 1, 2020 Vitamin D has been shown in a wide variety of species to play critical roles in neurodevelopment. Vitamin D deficiency disrupts development of the brain and can cause lasting behavioral dysfunction. Zebrafish have become an important model for the study of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Sperm DNA methylation altered by THC and nicotine: Vulnerability of neurodevelopmental genes with bivalent chromatin.

Journal article Sci Rep · September 29, 2020 Men consume the most nicotine and cannabis products but impacts on sperm epigenetics are poorly characterized. Evidence suggests that preconception exposure to these drugs alters offspring neurodevelopment. Epigenetics may in part facilitate heritability. ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effects of sub-chronic methylphenidate on risk-taking and sociability in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal article Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol · August 2020 Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children affecting around 11% of children 4-17 years of age (CDC 2019). Children with ADHD are widely treated with stimulant medications such as methylphenidate (Rital ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Epigenetic alterations in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) in sperm of rats exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Journal article Sci Rep · July 23, 2020 As marijuana legalization is increasing, research regarding possible long-term risks for users and their offspring is needed. Little data exists on effects of paternal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure prior to reproduction. This study determined if chro ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Beyond the looking glass: recent advances in understanding the impact of environmental exposures on neuropsychiatric disease.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · June 2020 The etiologic pathways leading to neuropsychiatric diseases remain poorly defined. As genomic technologies have advanced over the past several decades, considerable progress has been made linking neuropsychiatric disorders to genetic underpinnings. Interes ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, reduces self-administration of the opiate remifentanil in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · June 2020 RATIONALE: A variety of neural systems are involved in drug addiction, and some of these systems are shared across different addictive drugs. We have found several different types of drug treatments that successfully reduce nicotine self-administration. OB ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Dextromethorphan and bupropion reduces high level remifentanil self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · June 2020 Opiate addiction has risen substantially during the past decade. New treatments to combat opiate addiction are sorely needed. The current study was conducted to determine the acute individual and interactive effects of bupropion and dextromethorphan in a r ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Paternal factors in neurodevelopmental toxicology: THC exposure of male rats causes long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in their offspring.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · May 2020 The potential health risks of cannabis are of growing concern, including effects on reproduction and development. Extensive research has investigated risks associated with maternal exposure to THC during gestation and its impacts on the development of offs ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Paternal Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure Prior to Mating Elicits Deficits in Cholinergic Synaptic Function in the Offspring.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · April 1, 2020 Little attention has been paid to the potential impact of paternal marijuana use on offspring brain development. We administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 0, 2, or 4 mg/kg/day) to male rats for 28 days. Two days after the last THC treatment, the males ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prolonging the Reduction of Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats by Coadministering Chronic Nicotine With Amitifadine, a Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor With CYP2B6 Inhibitory Actions.

Journal article Nicotine Tob Res · February 6, 2020 INTRODUCTION: Existing treatments can aid tobacco smoking cessation, but they have low efficacy. Because there is a network of neural systems involved in tobacco addiction, combination treatments may provide greater efficacy. Chronic nicotine and amitifadi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Gestational and perinatal exposure to diazinon causes long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences in the rat.

Journal article Toxicology · January 15, 2020 Diazinon is a widely-used organophosphate pesticide. Pulsatile exposure to diazinon during neonatal development has previously been shown cause long-term neurobehavioral impairments in rats. However, the effects of chronic low concentration exposures durin ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cannabis use is associated with potentially heritable widespread changes in autism candidate gene DLGAP2 DNA methylation in sperm.

Journal article Epigenetics · 2020 Parental cannabis use has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, but how such phenotypes are transmitted is largely unknown. Using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), we recently demonstrated that cannabis u ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Adult exposure to insecticides causes persistent behavioral and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2020 Farmers are often chronically exposed to insecticides, which may present health risks including increased risk of neurobehavioral impairment during adulthood and across aging. Experimental animal studies complement epidemiological studies to help determine ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure of zebrafish to vitamin D receptor acting drugs and environmental toxicants disrupts behavioral function.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2020 Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling is important for optimal neurobehavioral development. Disruption of VDR signaling by environmental toxicants during early development might contribute to the etiology of behavioral dysfunction. In the current set of studi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

This is your teen brain on drugs: In search of biological factors unique to dependence toxicity in adolescence.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2020 Response variability across the lifespan is an important consideration in toxicology and risk assessment, and the toxic effects of drugs and chemicals during adolescence need more research. This paper summarizes a workshop presented in March 2019, at the S ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Acute and chronic interactive treatments of serotonin 5HT2C and dopamine D1 receptor systems for decreasing nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 2019 A variety of neural systems are involved in the brain bases of tobacco addiction. Animal models of nicotine addiction have helped identify a variety of interacting neural systems involved in the pathophysiology of tobacco addiction. We and others have foun ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Gestational exposure to nicotine and/or benzo[a]pyrene causes long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences.

Journal article Birth Defects Res · October 15, 2019 Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture that includes thousands of compounds. Previously, we have found that gestational exposure to the complex mixture of tobacco smoke extract caused long-term neurobehavioral impairments. In this study, we examined the intera ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Chronic memantine decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · October 15, 2019 Neurobehavioral bases of tobacco addiction and nicotine reinforcement are complex, involving more than only nicotinic cholinergic or dopaminergic systems. Memantine is an NMDA glutamate antagonist used to improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Perinatal diazinon exposure compromises the development of acetylcholine and serotonin systems.

Journal article Toxicology · August 1, 2019 Organophosphate pesticides are developmental neurotoxicants. We gave diazinon via osmotic minipumps implanted into dams prior to conception, with exposure continued into the second postnatal week, at doses (0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day) that did not produce detectab ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Maternal vitamin D deficiency and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).

Journal article J Endocrinol · May 2019 Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that is metabolized in the body to generate an active metabolite (1,25(OH)2D) with hormone-like activity and highly diverse roles in cellular function. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a prevalent but easily preventable nutr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Oral sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2* nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, reduces nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2019 Sazetidine-A selectively desensitizes α4β2 nicotinic receptors and also has partial agonist effects. We have shown that subcutaneous acute and repeated injections as well as chronic infusions of sazetidine-A significantly reduce intravenous (IV) nicotine s ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

α4β2 Nicotinic receptor desensitizing compounds can decrease self-administration of cocaine and methamphetamine in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · February 15, 2019 Sazetidine-A [6-(5(((S)-azetidine-2-yl)methoxy)pyridine-3-yl)hex-5-yn-1-ol] is a selective α4β2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent and partial agonist. Sazetidine-A has been shown in our previous studies to significantly reduce nicotine and alcohol sel ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonism during development alters later behavior in zebrafish.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · January 1, 2019 This study sought to examine the long-term behavioral impacts of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonism during development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos of both the AB* and 5D strains were exposed via immersion to either the D1 receptor ant ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Can Be Mimicked by a Combination of Nicotine and Benzo[a]Pyrene: Effects on Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · January 1, 2019 Tobacco smoke contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in addition to nicotine. We compared the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine to that of the PAH archetype, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and also evaluated the effects of combined exposure to asses ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Persistent attenuation of nicotine self-administration in rats by co-administration of chronic nicotine infusion with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 or the serotonin 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 2019 Tobacco addiction each year causes millions of deaths worldwide. Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been shown to be central to tobacco addiction. Nicotine replacement therapy aids tobacco cessation, but the success rate is still far too low. Thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Paternal THC exposure in rats causes long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2019 Developmental neurotoxicity of a wide variety of toxicants mediated via maternal exposure during gestation is very well established. In contrast, the impacts of paternal toxicant exposure on offspring neurobehavioral function are much less well studied. A ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Paternal nicotine exposure in rats produces long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2019 Studies of intergenerational effects of parental chemical exposure have principally focused on maternal exposure, particularly for studies of adverse neurobehavioral consequences on the offspring. Maternal nicotine exposure has long been known to cause adv ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Risk for opioid abuse is diminished by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) in rats

Journal article Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research · January 1, 2019 Significant opiate addiction is known to follow prescribed opiate use for pain. There is a serious unmet need for non-addicting medications to prevent subsequent opiate addiction after a short period of opioid treatment for temporary pain. Recent evidence ... Full text Open Access Cite

Maternal transfer of nanoplastics to offspring in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A case study with nanopolystyrene.

Journal article Sci Total Environ · December 1, 2018 Plastics are ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminants that are a growing concern in aquatic environments. The ecological implications of macroplastics pollution are well documented, but less is known about nanoplastics. The current study investigates the pote ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental Exposure to Low Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardants Causes Life-Long Behavioral Alterations in Zebrafish.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · October 1, 2018 As the older class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are phased out of commercial use because of findings of neurotoxicity with developmental exposure, a newer class of flame retardants have been introduced, the organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Outcomes of developmental exposure to total particulate matter from cigarette smoke in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2018 The effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke remain a subject of major interest, especially as it relates to neural development and adverse behavioral outcomes. Several studies have investigated the developmental toxicity of cigarette smoke componen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Critical developmental periods for effects of low-level tobacco smoke exposure on behavioral performance.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2018 Tobacco exposure during development leads to neurobehavioral dysfunction in children, even when exposure is limited to secondhand smoke. We have previously shown in rats that developmental exposure to tobacco smoke extract (TSE), at levels mimicking second ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Obituary—Philip J. Bushnell, Ph.D. (1947–2018)

Journal article Neurotoxicology and Teratology · September 2018 Full text Cite

Developmental exposure to low concentrations of two brominated flame retardants, BDE-47 and BDE-99, causes life-long behavioral alterations in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · May 2018 BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as flame retardants until the early 2000s, mainly in home furnishings and electronics. The persistence of PBDEs in the environment leads to continued ubiquitous exposure to low levels, wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine attenuate nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Neurosci Lett · March 6, 2018 Smoking cessation strategies are of prime medical importance. Despite availability of various pharmacological agents in combating addiction to nicotine, more effective medications are needed. Based on recent findings, the glutamatergic system in the brain ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral effects of 1,2-propanediol in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal article Neurotoxicology · March 2018 The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing despite insufficient information concerning their long-term effects, including the effects of maternal e-cigarette use on pre- and postnatal development. Our previous study demonstrated that dev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutually augmenting interactions of dextromethorphan and sazetidine-A for reducing nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2018 A variety of nicotinic drug treatments have been found to decrease nicotine self-administration. However, interactions of drugs affecting different nicotinic receptor subtypes have not been much investigated. This study investigated the interactions betwee ... Full text Link to item Cite

Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal article Aquat Toxicol · January 2018 Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern and comprises the majority of anthropogenic debris in the ocean, including macro, micro, and likely nanoscale (less than 100nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles. While the toxicity of macropl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure to an organophosphate flame retardant alters later behavioral responses to dopamine antagonism in zebrafish larvae.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2018 Human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) is widespread, including pregnant women and young children with whom developmental neurotoxic risk is a concern. Given similarities of OPFRs to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, research into the po ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm.

Journal article Epigenetics · 2018 Little is known about the reproductive effects of paternal cannabis exposure. We evaluated associations between cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and altered DNA methylation in sperm from humans and rats, respectively. DNA methylation, measur ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Opioid Self-Administration is Attenuated by Early-Life Experience and Gene Therapy for Anti-Inflammatory IL-10 in the Nucleus Accumbens of Male Rats.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2017 Early-life conditions can contribute to the propensity for developing neuropsychiatric disease, including substance abuse disorders. However, the long-lasting mechanisms that shape risk or resilience for drug addiction remain unclear. Previous work has sho ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Differential efficacies of the nicotinic α4β2 desensitizing agents in reducing nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2017 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors holds promise as an effective treatment of tobacco addiction. Previously, we found that sazetidine-A (Saz-A), which selectively desensitizes α4β2 nicotinic receptors, s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exposure to 1,2-Propanediol Impacts Early Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Induces Hyperactivity.

Journal article Zebrafish · June 2017 The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing as an alternative to tobacco burning cigarettes; however, their safety remains to be fully determined. The long-term effects of e-cigarettes are unknown, including the effects of maternal e-ciga ... Full text Link to item Cite

The ventral hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic system plays a key role in sexual dimorphisms of spatial working memory in rats.

Journal article Neuropharmacology · May 1, 2017 Sex differences in cognitive processing and function have been documented in human and animal studies. Females have been found to perform better than males on non-spatial memory tasks, while males tend to outperform females on spatial memory tasks. The neu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides.

Journal article Environ Int · February 2017 Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most promine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exposure to a PBDE/OH-BDE mixture alters juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) development.

Journal article Environ Toxicol Chem · January 2017 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (e.g., hydroxylated BDEs [OH-BDEs]) are contaminants frequently detected together in human tissues and are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones partially mediate metamorphic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is There a Critical Period for the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Low-Level Tobacco Smoke Exposure?

Journal article Toxicol Sci · January 2017 Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We evaluated in rats whether there is a critical period during which tobacco smoke extract (TSE) affects the development of acetylcholine and serotonin syste ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ketamine Differentially Attenuates Alcohol Intake in Male Versus Female Alcohol Preferring (P) Rats.

Journal article J Drug Alcohol Res · 2017 BACKGROUND: Although various pharmacological tools in combating addiction to alcohol are available, their efficacy is limited. Hence, there is a critical need for development of more effective medications. Recent advances in the field have identified the g ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Diverse neurotoxicants target the differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells into neuronal and glial phenotypes.

Journal article Toxicology · November 30, 2016 The large number of compounds that needs to be tested for developmental neurotoxicity drives the need to establish in vitro models to evaluate specific neurotoxic endpoints. We used neural stem cells derived from rat neuroepithelium on embryonic day 14 to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting neurobehavioral effects of developmental copper exposure in wildtype and metallothionein 1 and 2 knockout mice.

Journal article BMC Pharmacol Toxicol · November 2, 2016 BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MT) are small proteins, which are crucial for the distribution of heavy and transition metals. Previously, we found in mice that knockout of MT 1 and 2 genes (MTKO) impaired spatial learning and potentiated the learning impair ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Reduction of nicotine self-administration by chronic nicotine infusion with H1 histamine blockade in female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 2016 RATIONALE: Chronic nicotine infusion via transdermal patches has been widely shown to assist with smoking cessation. In particular, transdermal nicotine treatment prior to quitting smoking helps reduce ad libitum smoking and aids cessation Rose et al. (Nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive and Behavioral Impairments Evoked by Low-Level Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Components: Comparison with Nicotine Alone.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · June 2016 Active maternal smoking has adverse effects on neurobehavioral development of the offspring, with nicotine (Nic) providing much of the underlying causative mechanism. To determine whether the lower exposures caused by second-hand smoke are deleterious, we ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Preclinical toxicity evaluation of a novel immunotoxin, D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL, administered via intracerebral convection-enhanced delivery in rats.

Journal article Invest New Drugs · April 2016 D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL (D2C7-IT) is a novel immunotoxin that reacts with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) and mutant EGFRvIII proteins overexpressed in glioblastomas. This study assessed the toxicity of intracerebral administration of D2 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dextromethorphan interactions with histaminergic and serotonergic treatments to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2016 Combining effective treatments with diverse mechanisms of action for smoking cessation may provide better therapy by targeting multiple points of control in the neural circuits underlying addiction. Previous research in a rat model has shown that dextromet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to retinoic acid or valproic acid in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · January 2016 BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe dysregulation in retinoid signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical malformations and/or neural tube defects, including spina bifida. It is thought that more subtle dysregulation of thi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure to a complex PAH mixture causes persistent behavioral effects in naive Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) but not in a population of PAH-adapted killifish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2016 Acute exposures to some individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex PAH mixtures are known to cause cardiac malformations and edema in the developing fish embryo. However, the heart is not the only organ impacted by developmental PAH exp ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Different lines of rats selectively-bred for high alcohol-drinking demonstrate disparate preferences for nicotine self-administration

Journal article Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research · January 1, 2016 Background. Alcohol and nicotine are commonly coabused. The search for a common core of neural, behavioral, and genetic factors underlying addiction has been the goal of addiction research. Purpose. Genetic predisposition to high alcohol intake has been st ... Full text Open Access Cite

Acute oral 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) decreases both alcohol intake and IV nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · 2016 The ibogaine derivative 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) has been found to decrease self-administration of morphine, nicotine and alcohol in rats after systemic injection. However oral dosing is the preferred route clinically. The current study evaluated the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuro-anatomic mapping of dopamine D1 receptor involvement in nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Neuropharmacology · December 2015 Dopaminergic signaling has long been known to be a critical factor in nicotine addiction, as well as other drugs of abuse. Dopaminergic projections from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex have been well established to be critical to the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacological analyses of learning and memory in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 2015 Over the last decade, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become valuable as a complementary model in behavioral pharmacology, opening a new avenue for understanding the relationships between drug action and behavior. This species offers a useful intermediate app ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perspectives on zebrafish neurobehavioral pharmacology.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Amitifadine, a triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor, reduces nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · October 5, 2015 A wider diversity of drug treatments to aid smoking cessation is needed to help tailor the most efficacious treatment for different types of smokers. This study was conducted to determine whether amitifadine, which inhibits re-uptake of dopamine, norepinep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Directed Toward Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems: More Than Just Nicotine.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · September 2015 Tobacco smoke contains thousands of compounds in addition to nicotine, a known neuroteratogen. We evaluated the developmental neurotoxicity of tobacco smoke extract (TSE) administered to pregnant rats starting preconception and continued through the second ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral habenula in the attenuation of amphetamine-induced prepulse inhibition deficits of the acoustic startle response in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 2015 RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the reduction of the startle response magnitude when a startling stimulus is closely preceded by a weak stimulus. PPI is commonly used to measure sensorimotor gating. In rats, the PPI reduction induced by the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Amelioration strategies fail to prevent tobacco smoke effects on neurodifferentiation: Nicotinic receptor blockade, antioxidants, methyl donors.

Journal article Toxicology · July 3, 2015 Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. We used neuronotypic PC12 cells to evaluate the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke extract (TSE) affects neurodifferentiation. In undifferentiated cells, TSE impaired DNA synthesis and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bupropion-varenicline interactions and nicotine self-administration behavior in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2015 Varenicline and bupropion each have been shown to significantly improve cessation of tobacco addiction in humans. They act through different mechanisms and the question about the potential added efficacy with their combined used has arisen. Preclinical ani ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal nicotine changes the response to postnatal chlorpyrifos: Interactions targeting serotonergic synaptic function and cognition.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · February 2015 Nicotine and chlorpyrifos are developmental neurotoxicants that target serotonin systems. We examined whether prenatal nicotine exposure alters the subsequent response to chlorpyrifos given postnatally. Pregnant rats received nicotine throughout gestation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term behavioral impairment following acute embryonic ethanol exposure in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 BACKGROUND: Developmental exposure to ethanol has long been known to cause persisting neurobehavioral impairment. However, the neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying these deficits and the importance of exposure timing are not well-characterized. Give ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneity across brain regions and neurotransmitter interactions with nicotinic effects on memory function.

Journal article Curr Top Behav Neurosci · 2015 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been shown in many studies to be critically involved in memory function. The precise roles these receptors play depend on the receptor subtype, their anatomic localization, their interactions with other parts of the n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting effects of a PBDE metabolite, 6-OH-BDE-47, on larval and juvenile zebrafish swimming behavior.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that are widely detected in the environment, biota, and humans. In mammals, PBDEs can be oxidatively metabolized to form hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs). While s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral impairments caused by developmental imidacloprid exposure in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides are becoming more widely applied as organophosphate (OP) insecticides are decreasing in use. Because of their relative specificity to insect nicotinic receptors, they are thought to have reduced risk of neurotoxicity ... Full text Link to item Cite

Learning about cognition risk with the radial-arm maze in the developmental neurotoxicology battery.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 Cognitive dysfunction has been found in epidemiological studies to be among the most sensitive impairments associated with developmental exposure to a variety of environmental contaminants from heavy metals to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons and pesticides. T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurotoxicity of FireMaster 550® in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Chronic developmental and acute adolescent exposures.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 BACKGROUND: FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) is the second most commonly used flame retardant (FR) product in consumer goods and has been detected in household dust samples. However, neurobehavioral effects associated with exposure have not been characterized in d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure to organophosphate flame retardants causes behavioral effects in larval and adult zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 BACKGROUND: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have grown in usage since concerns about the health effects of the previously used polybrominated flame retardants led to their being phased out. The potential for OPFRs to cause adverse health effects o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Teratogenic, bioenergetic, and behavioral effects of exposure to total particulate matter on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are not mimicked by nicotine.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 Cigarette smoke has been associated with a number of pathologies; however, the mechanisms leading to developmental effects are yet to be fully understood. The zebrafish embryo is regarded as a 'bridge model'; however, not many studies examined its applicab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) suppresses nicotine self-administration in rats

Journal article Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research · January 1, 2015 Introduction. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce cocaine and alcohol intake in rats. The mechanism of action appears to be due to inhibition of drug-induced dopamine (DA) production in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) an ... Full text Cite

Decreasing nicotinic receptor activity and the spatial learning impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist dizocilpine in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · October 15, 2014 Nicotinic systems have been shown by a variety of studies to be involved in cognitive function. Nicotinic receptors have an inherent property to become desensitized after activation. The relative role of nicotinic receptor activation vs. net receptor inact ... Full text Link to item Cite

IV nicotine self-administration in rats using a consummatory operant licking response: sensitivity to serotonergic, glutaminergic and histaminergic drugs.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · October 3, 2014 Tobacco smoking is characterized by repeated self-administration of nicotine by placing the cigarette in the mouth. The repeated hand-to-mouth self-administration is essentially a consummatory act. We recently developed a paradigm in which rats lick one of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of tobacco smoke constituents, anabasine and anatabine, on memory and attention in female rats.

Journal article J Psychopharmacol · October 2014 Nicotine has been well characterized to improve memory and attention. Nicotine is the primary, but not only neuroactive compound in tobacco. Other tobacco constituents such as anabasine and anatabine also have agonist actions on nicotinic receptors. The cu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lorcaserin, a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist, decreases alcohol intake in female alcohol preferring rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · October 2014 Serotonergic systems in the brain have been found to be important in the addiction to alcohol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 5-HT2c receptor agonist, lorcaserin for reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring (P) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential effects of non-nicotine tobacco constituent compounds on nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · May 2014 Tobacco smoking has been shown to be quite addictive in people. However, nicotine itself is a weak reinforcer compared to other commonly abused drugs, leading speculation that other factors contribute to the high prevalence of tobacco addiction in the huma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Meclizine enhancement of sensorimotor gating in healthy male subjects with high startle responses and low prepulse inhibition.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · February 2014 Histamine H1 receptor systems have been shown in animal studies to have important roles in the reversal of sensorimotor gating deficits, as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI). H1-antagonist treatment attenuates the PPI impairments caused by either block ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effects of tobacco smoke on PC12 cell neurodifferentiation are distinct from those of nicotine or benzo[a]pyrene.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2014 Although nicotine accounts for a great deal of the neurodevelopmental damage associated with maternal smoking or second-hand exposure, tobacco smoke contains thousands of potentially neurotoxic compounds. We used PC12 cells, a standard in vitro model of ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal dexamethasone augments the neurobehavioral teratology of chlorpyrifos: significance for maternal stress and preterm labor.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2014 Glucocorticoids are the consensus treatment given in preterm labor and are also elevated by maternal stress; organophosphate exposures are virtually ubiquitous, so human developmental coexposures to these two agents are common. This study explores how pren ... Full text Link to item Cite

Design, synthesis and discovery of picomolar selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands.

Journal article J Med Chem · November 14, 2013 Developing novel and selective compounds that desensitize α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) could provide new effective treatments for nicotine addiction, as well as other disorders. Here we report a new class of nAChR ligands that display hi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of insular cortex D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptors in nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · November 1, 2013 The insular cortex has been associated with the processing of rewarding stimuli and with the neural bases of drug addiction. Ischemic damage to the insula has been associated with decreased desire to smoke cigarettes. Which component of insular function is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Complex relationships of nicotinic receptor actions and cognitive functions.

Journal article Biochem Pharmacol · October 15, 2013 Nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies to improve cognitive function including learning, memory and attention. Nicotine both stimulates and desensitizes nicotinic receptors, thus acting both as an agonist and a net antagonist. The relative roles o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of the sazetidine-a family of compounds on the body temperature in wildtype, nicotinic receptor β2-/- and α7-/- mice.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · October 15, 2013 Nicotine elicits hypothermic responses in rodents. This effect appears to be related to nicotinic receptor desensitization because sazetidine-A, an α4β2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, produces marked hypothermia and potentiates nicotine-induced hy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of caffeine on alcohol consumption and nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · September 2013 BACKGROUND: Caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine are 3 of the most widespread self-administered psychoactive substances, which are known to be extensively co-administered. However, little is known about the degree to which they may mutually potentiate each othe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chemistry and pharmacological studies of 3-alkoxy-2,5-disubstituted-pyridinyl compounds as novel selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands that reduce alcohol intake in rats.

Journal article J Med Chem · April 11, 2013 Neuronal acetylcholine receptors mediate the addictive effects of nicotine and may also be involved in alcohol addiction. Varenicline, an approved smoking cessation medication, showed clear efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption in heavy-drinking smokers ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of chronic sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors desensitizing agent on pharmacologically-induced impaired attention in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2013 RATIONALE: Nicotine and nicotinic agonists have been shown to improve attentional function. Nicotinic receptors are easily desensitized, and all nicotinic agonists are also desensitizing agents. Although both receptor activation and desensitization are com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zebrafish model systems for developmental neurobehavioral toxicology.

Journal article Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today · March 2013 Zebrafish offer many advantages that complement classic mammalian models for the study of normal development as well as for the teratogenic effects of exposure to hazardous compounds. The clear chorion and embryo of the zebrafish allow for continuous visua ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improvement of attentional function with antagonism of nicotinic receptors in female rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · February 28, 2013 Nicotinic agonists have been shown in a variety of studies to improve cognitive function. Since nicotinic receptors are easily desensitized by agonists, it is not completely clear to what degree receptor desensitization or receptor activation are responsib ... Full text Link to item Cite

Branched-chain amino acids alter neurobehavioral function in rats.

Journal article Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · February 15, 2013 Recently, we have described a strong association of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) with obesity and insulin resistance. In the current study, we have investigated the potential impact of BCAA on behavioral functions. We de ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the association between maternal smoking, childhood obesity, and metabolic disorders: a national toxicology program workshop review.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · February 2013 BACKGROUND: An emerging literature suggests that environmental chemicals may play a role in the development of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders, especially when exposure occurs early in life. OBJECTIVE: Here we assess the association between these ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Long-term effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in adolescent and adult rats: radial-arm maze performance and operant food reinforced responding.

Journal article PLoS One · 2013 BACKGROUND: Adolescence is not only a critical period of late-stage neurological development in humans, but is also a period in which ethanol consumption is often at its highest. Given the prevalence of ethanol use during this vulnerable developmental peri ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Chronic sazetidine-A at behaviorally active doses does not increase nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rodent brain.

Journal article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · November 2012 Chronic nicotine administration increases α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) density in brain. This up-regulation probably contributes to the development and/or maintenance of nicotine dependence. nAChR up-regulation is believed to be t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of ethanol, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, or their combination on object recognition memory and object preference in adolescent and adult male rats.

Journal article Neurosci Lett · October 3, 2012 Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the deleterious effects of both ethanol and THC on adolescent behavior and brain development. However, very little is known about the combined effects of EtOH+THC during adolescence, a time in which th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of AZD3480, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and donepezil on dizocilpine-induced attentional impairment in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · October 2012 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Nicotinic acetylcholine systems play major roles in cognitive function. Nicotine and a variety of nicotinic agonists improve attention, and nicotinic antagonist exposure impairs it. This study was conducted to investigate the effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel medication targets for the treatment of alcoholism: preclinical studies.

Journal article Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov · August 2012 Alcoholism is a complex heterogeneous disease and a number of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems have been implicated in its manifestation. Consequently, it is unlikely that existing medications such as disulfiram (Antabuse®), naltrexone (ReVia®), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing the effects of chronic sazetidine-A delivery on nicotine self-administration in both male and female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · July 2012 RATIONALE: Sazetidine-A is a selective α4β2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent and partial agonist. It has been shown in previous studies to significantly reduce nicotine self-administration in rats after acute or repeated injections. However, the effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential effects of the antidepressant mirtazapine on amphetamine- and dizocilpine-induced PPI deficits.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · July 2012 Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the decrease in motor startle response to salient sensory stimuli (pulses) when they are closely preceded in time by another more modest sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI deficits can be induced by stimulation of dopamine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2* nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, on body temperature regulation in mice and rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · May 5, 2012 Nicotine-induced hypothermia is well established, but the nicotinic receptor actions underlying this effect are not clear. Nicotine causes activation and desensitization at a variety of nicotinic receptor subtypes. Sazetidine-A [6-(5(((S)-azetidine-2-yl)me ... Full text Link to item Cite

α7-Nicotinic receptors and cognition.

Journal article Curr Drug Targets · May 2012 Nicotinic α7 receptors have been shown in a variety of studies with animal models to play important roles in diverse components of cognitive function, including learning, memory and attention. Mice with α7 receptor knockouts show impairments in memory. Sel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mouse models for studying genetic influences on factors determining smoking cessation success in humans.

Journal article Ann N Y Acad Sci · February 2012 Humans differ in their ability to quit using addictive substances, including nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco. For tobacco smoking, a substantial body of evidence, largely derived from twin studies, indicates that approximately half o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine treatment of mild cognitive impairment: a 6-month double-blind pilot clinical trial.

Journal article Neurology · January 10, 2012 OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily assess the safety and efficacy of transdermal nicotine therapy on cognitive performance and clinical status in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Nonsmoking subjects with amnestic MCI were randomized to tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief embryonic strychnine exposure in zebrafish causes long-term adult behavioral impairment with indications of embryonic synaptic changes.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2012 Zebrafish provide a powerful model of the impacts of embryonic toxicant exposure on neural development that may result in long-term behavioral dysfunction. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 1.5mM strychnine for short embryonic time windows ... Full text Link to item Cite

The α₂-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan counteracts prepulse inhibition deficits caused by amphetamine or dizocilpine in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 2012 RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the reduction in startle response magnitude when intense stimuli are closely preceded by other weak stimuli. Animal models used to investigate sensorimotor gating deficits include both the stimulation of dopamine rec ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of unexpected changes in visual scenes on the human acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition.

Journal article Behav Processes · January 2012 Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the process wherein startle responses to salient stimuli (e.g., startling sound pulses) are attenuated by the presentation of another stimulus (e.g., a brief pre-pulse) immediately before the startling stimulus. Accordin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Threshold of adulthood for the onset of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · December 1, 2011 The great majority of tobacco addiction begins during adolescence. More heavily addicted smokers begin smoking earlier, but differentiating the neurobehavioral impact of nicotine self-administration during adolescence from self-selection bias (whereby peop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glutamate and nicotinic receptor interactions in working memory: importance for the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.

Journal article Neuroscience · November 10, 2011 This article reaches across disciplines to correlate results in molecular, cellular, behavioral, and clinical research to develop a more complete picture of how working memory (WM) functions. It identifies a new idea that deserves further investigation. NM ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lorcaserin, a 5-HT2C agonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Journal article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · September 2011 Lorcaserin, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(2C) (5-HT(2C)) agonist, has been shown to facilitate weight loss in obese populations. It was assessed for its efficacy in reducing nicotine self-administration in young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The effe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The novel, selective, brain-penetrant neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028, tested in animal models of alcohol consumption, relapse, and anxiety.

Journal article Alcohol · September 2011 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling has been shown to modulate stress responses and to be involved in regulation of alcohol intake and dependence. The present study explores the possibility that blockade of NPY Y2 autoreceptors using a novel, blood-brain barrie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention-modulating effects of cognitive enhancers.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 2011 Attention can be readily measured in experimental animal models. Animal models of attention have been used to better understand the neural systems involved in attention, how attention is impaired, and how therapeutic treatments can ameliorate attentional d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of individual and developmental differences in voluntary cocaine intake in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · June 2011 RATIONALE: Early-onset drug taking is associated with increased likelihood of addiction, but it is unclear whether early onset is causal in development of addiction. Many other factors are associated with increased risk of addiction and also promote early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand: effects on dizocilpine and scopolamine-induced attentional impairments in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · June 2011 BACKGROUND: Neuronal nicotinic receptor systems have been shown to play key roles in cognition. Nicotine and nicotinic analogs improve attention and nicotinic antagonists impair it. This study was conducted to investigate the role of α4β2 nicotinic recepto ... Full text Link to item Cite

JNJ-39220675, a novel selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, reduces the abuse-related effects of alcohol in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 2011 RATIONALE: A few recent studies suggest that brain histamine levels and signaling via H(3) receptors play an important role in modulation of alcohol stimulation and reward in rodents. OBJECTIVE: The present study characterized the effects of a novel, selec ... Full text Link to item Cite

D-cycloserine selectively decreases nicotine self-administration in rats with low baseline levels of response.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2011 Expanding the variety of treatments available to aid smoking cessation will allow the treatments to be customized to particular types of smokers. The key is to understand which subpopulations of smokers respond best to which treatment. This study used adul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Histamine H(1) antagonist treatment with pyrilamine reduces nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · January 10, 2011 Nicotine has been definitively shown to be critically involved in the neural bases of tobacco addiction. However, nicotine releases a wide variety of neurotransmitters. Nicotine-induced dopamine release has been shown to play a key role in facilitating nic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential acetylcholinesterase inhibition of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion in larval zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 Zebrafish are increasingly used for developmental neurotoxicity testing because early embryonic events are easy to visualize, exposures are done without affecting the mother and the rapid development of zebrafish allows for high throughput testing. We used ... Full text Link to item Cite

Critical duration of exposure for developmental chlorpyrifos-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 Developmental exposure of rats to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) causes persistent neurobehavioral impairment. In a parallel series of studies with zebrafish, we have also found persisting behavioral dysfunction after developmental CPF exposure. We have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent behavioral impairment caused by embryonic methylphenidate exposure in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 As more adults take the stimulant medication methylphenidate to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) residual type, the risk arises with regard to exposure during early development if people taking the medication become pregnant. We studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zebrafish assessment of cognitive improvement and anxiolysis: filling the gap between in vitro and rodent models for drug development.

Journal article Rev Neurosci · 2011 Zebrafish can provide a valuable animal model to screen potential cognitive enhancing and anxiolytic drugs. They are economical and can provide a relatively quick indication of possible functional efficacy. In as much as they have a complex nervous system ... Full text Link to item Cite

Silver exposure in developing zebrafish produces persistent synaptic and behavioral changes.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2011 Environmental silver exposures are increasing due to the use of silver nanoparticles, which exert antimicrobial actions by releasing Ag+, a suspected developmental neurotoxicant. We evaluated the long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects of embryonic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic receptor systems and neurobehavioral function in zebrafish

Journal article Neuromethods · January 1, 2011 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors appear to be quite ancient phylogenetically and are used in the nervous systems of a great number of species across broad parts of the animal kingdom. They play important roles in a variety of neurobehavioral functions fro ... Full text Cite

IV nicotine self-administration in rats using the consummatory operant licking response.

Journal article Physiol Behav · December 2, 2010 Nicotine self-administered by tobacco smoking or chewing is very addictive in humans. Rat models have been developed in which nicotine is self-administered IV by the rats pressing a lever. However the reinforcing value of nicotine is much less in these mod ... Full text Link to item Cite

PPI deficit induced by amphetamine is attenuated by the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine, but is exacerbated by the serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · December 2010 RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a classic model of sensorimotor gating. Robust PPI impairments can be induced by dopamine agonists such as the indirect agonist amphetamine. The antipsychotic clozapine can attenuate PPI impai ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lasting Behavioral Consequences of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure During Development

Journal article · December 1, 2010 This chapter defines the vulnerability of the developing nervous system to organophosphate pesticides, in terms of cognitive functions, social and sex-related behavioral patterns, and body weight regulation. Impaired neurobehavioral development of children ... Full text Cite

Gene-environment interactions: neurodegeneration in non-mammals and mammals.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2010 The understanding of how environmental exposures interact with genetics in central nervous system dysfunction has gained great momentum in the last decade. Seminal findings have been uncovered in both mammalian and non-mammalian model in large result of th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effects of sazetidine-A, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitizing agent on alcohol and nicotine self-administration in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 2010 RATIONALE: Manipulations of nicotinic cholinergic receptors have been shown to influence both alcohol and nicotine intake. Sazetidine-A [6-(5(((S)-azetidine-2-yl)methoxy)pyridine-3-yl)hex-5-yn-1-ol] is a novel compound that potently and selectively desensi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal parathion exposure and interactions with a high-fat diet in adulthood: Adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling in heart, liver and cerebellum.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · April 5, 2010 Organophosphates are developmental neurotoxicants but recent evidence points to additional adverse effects on metabolism and cardiovascular function. One common mechanism is disrupted cell signaling mediated through cyclic AMP, targeting neurohumoral recep ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early postnatal parathion exposure in rats causes sex-selective cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter defects which emerge in aging.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · April 2, 2010 Developmental exposure of rats to the organophosphate (OP) pesticides leads to altered neurobehavioral function in juvenile and young adult stages. The current study was conducted to determine whether effects of neonatal parathion exposure on cognitive per ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic receptors in the habenula: importance for memory.

Journal article Neuroscience · March 17, 2010 The habenula is an epithalamic structure through which descending connections pass from the telencephalon to the brainstem, putting it in a key location to provide feedback control over the brainstem monoaminergic projections ascending to the telencephalon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sazetidine-A, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent and partial agonist, reduces nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article J Pharmacol Exp Ther · March 2010 Adequate treatment of tobacco addiction remains problematic. Part of the problem with treatment is a poor understanding of the pharmacologic aspects of nicotine contributing to addiction. In addition to activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal exposure to parathion alters lipid metabolism in adulthood: Interactions with dietary fat intake and implications for neurodevelopmental deficits.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · January 15, 2010 Organophosphates are developmental neurotoxicants but recent evidence also points to metabolic dysfunction. We determined whether neonatal parathion exposure in rats has long-term effects on regulation of adipokines and lipid peroxidation. We also assessed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal infusions of MARCKS peptides impair memory of rats on the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Brain Res · January 13, 2010 In vitro hippocampal studies by Gay et al. (2008) demonstrated that a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) peptide comprising the phosphorylation site or effector domain of the protein acts as a powerful inhibitor of alpha7 nicotinic acet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent high alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring (P) rats results from a lack of normal aversion to alcohol.

Journal article Alcohol Alcohol · 2010 AIMS: In this study, we tested the impact of pretreatment with alcohol on subsequent alcohol drinking in outbred Sprague-Dawley and selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. METHODS: As a pretreatment, male Sprague-Dawley and P rats were given a passiv ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zebrafish provide a sensitive model of persisting neurobehavioral effects of developmental chlorpyrifos exposure: comparison with nicotine and pilocarpine effects and relationship to dopamine deficits.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2010 Chlorpyrifos (CPF) an organophosphate pesticide causes persisting behavioral dysfunction in rat models when exposure is during early development. In earlier work zebrafish were used as a complementary model to study mechanisms of CPF-induced neurotoxicity ... Full text Link to item Cite

Buspirone, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam effects in a zebrafish model of anxiety.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 2009 Zebrafish are becoming more widely used to study neurobehavioral pharmacology. We have developed a method to assess novel environment diving behavior of zebrafish as a model of stress response and anxiolytic drug effects. In a novel tank, zebrafish dwell i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic antagonist effects in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus: regional heterogeneity of nicotinic receptor involvement in cognitive function.

Journal article Biochem Pharmacol · October 1, 2009 Nicotine has been found in many studies to improve cognitive function. However, some studies have not found this effect and others have seen nicotine-induced impairments. Systemic administration bathes the brain with drugs. However, the brain is quite intr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic aspects of behavioral neurotoxicology.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2009 Considerable progress has been made over the past couple of decades concerning the molecular bases of neurobehavioral function and dysfunction. The field of neurobehavioral genetics is becoming mature. Genetic factors contributing to neurologic diseases su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Are adolescents more vulnerable to drug addiction than adults? Evidence from animal models.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2009 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Epidemiological evidence suggests that people who begin experimenting with drugs of abuse during early adolescence are more likely to develop substance use disorders (SUDs), but this correlation does not guarantee causation. Anima ... Full text Link to item Cite

The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warming world.

Journal article Environ Int · August 2009 Climate change induced by anthropogenic warming of the earth's atmosphere is a daunting problem. This review examines one of the consequences of climate change that has only recently attracted attention: namely, the effects of climate change on the environ ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Carisbamate, a novel antiepileptic candidate compound, attenuates alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · August 2009 BACKGROUND: Since 1994, when naltrexone (Revia) was approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcoholism, only 2 other drugs (Campral and Topamax have been approved for alcoholism treatment. However, various experimental drugs, including antiepileptic medic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consumption of a high-fat diet in adulthood ameliorates the effects of neonatal parathion exposure on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · June 2009 BACKGROUND: Developmental exposure to a wide variety of developmental neurotoxicants, including organophosphate pesticides, evokes late-emerging and persistent abnormalities in acetylcholine (ACh) systems. We are seeking interventions that can ameliorate o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal infusions of apolipoprotein E peptides induce long-lasting cognitive impairment.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · April 29, 2009 The inheritance of the varepsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) and cholinergic system dysfunction have long been associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, in vitro studies have established a direct link between ApoE and ch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic underactivity of medial frontal cortical beta2-containing nicotinic receptors increases clozapine-induced working memory impairment in female rats.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · March 17, 2009 Nicotinic receptor decreases in the frontal cortex and hippocampus are important mediators of cognitive impairment in both schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Drug treatments for these diseases should take into account the impacts of compromised brain f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of R3487/MEM3454, a novel nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist on sustained attention in rats.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · March 17, 2009 It is well established that nicotinic systems in the brain are critically involved in attentional processes in both animals and humans. The current study assessed the effects of a novel nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist, R3487/ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attenuation of pharmacologically-induced attentional impairment by methylphenidate in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2009 Methylphenidate is widely used as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In animal models of attentional impairment, it is an important validation to determine whether this clinically effective treatment attenuates deficits. The p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attenuation of auditory startle and prepulse inhibition by unexpected changes in ambient illumination through dopaminergic mechanisms.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · February 11, 2009 We investigated the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in the attenuation of the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in rats by the introduction of unexpected changes in environment illumination. Experiment 1 showed that Dark-to-Light tran ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic alpha7- or beta2-containing receptor knockout: effects on radial-arm maze learning and long-term nicotine consumption in mice.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · January 23, 2009 Classically, it has been thought that high-affinity nicotinic receptors-containing beta2 subunits are the most important receptor subtypes for nicotinic involvement in cognitive function and nicotine self-administration, while low affinity alpha7-containin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal parathion exposure disrupts serotonin and dopamine synaptic function in rat brain regions: modulation by a high-fat diet in adulthood.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2009 The consequences of exposure to developmental neurotoxicants are influenced by environmental factors. In the present study, we examined the role of dietary fat intake. We administered parathion to neonatal rats and then evaluated whether a high-fat diet be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental neurotoxicity of parathion: progressive effects on serotonergic systems in adolescence and adulthood.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2009 Neonatal exposures to organophosphates that are not acutely symptomatic or that produce little or no cholinesterase inhibition can nevertheless compromise the development and later function of critical neural pathways, including serotonin (5HT) systems tha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine effects on learning in zebrafish: the role of dopaminergic systems.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 2009 RATIONALE: Nicotine improves cognitive function in a number of animal models including rats, mice, monkeys, and recently, zebrafish. The zebrafish model allows higher throughput and ease in discovering mechanisms of cognitive improvement. MATERIALS AND MET ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent behavioral alterations in rats neonatally exposed to low doses of the organophosphate pesticide, parathion.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · December 16, 2008 Although developmental exposures of rats to low levels of the organophosphate pesticides (OPs), chlorpyrifos (CPF) or diazinon (DZN), both cause persistent neurobehavioral effects, there are important differences in their neurotoxicity. The current study e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · December 14, 2008 Nicotine intake constitutes a principal mechanism for tobacco addiction. In addition to primary effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotine has cascading effects, which may also underlie its neurobehavioral actions. Nicotine induces serotonin (5 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exposure of neonatal rats to parathion elicits sex-selective reprogramming of metabolism and alters the response to a high-fat diet in adulthood.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · November 2008 BACKGROUND: Developmental exposures to organophosphate pesticides are virtually ubiquitous. These agents are neurotoxicants, but recent evidence also points to lasting effects on metabolism. OBJECTIVES: We administered parathion to neonatal rats. In adulth ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors in the nicotine-induced anxiolytic effect in zebrafish.

Journal article Physiol Behav · October 20, 2008 Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used to study the molecular mechanisms of development including neurodevelopment. More recently, they have begun to be used to study neuropharmacology and neurotoxicology. Critical for this line of research are meth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Exposure of neonatal rats to parathion elicits sex-selective impairment of acetylcholine systems in brain regions during adolescence and adulthood.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · October 2008 BACKGROUND: Organophosphates elicit developmental neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms other than their shared property as cholinesterase inhibitors. Accordingly, these agents may differ in their effects on specific brain circuits. OBJECTIVES: We gave ... Full text Link to item Cite

Idazoxan blocks the nicotine-induced reversal of the memory impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist dizocilpine.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · September 2008 RATIONALE: Alpha2-adrenoreceptor (alpha(2)-AR) antagonists have been shown to improve, while alpha(2)-AR agonists impair cognitive function in subjects with functioning NMDA receptors (NMDAR). In subjects with inhibited NMDAR (a model of schizophrenia) alp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the frontal cortex in rats: persisting effects on locomotor activity, learning and nicotine self-administration.

Journal article Neuroscience · June 26, 2008 Dopaminergic innervation of the frontal cortex in adults is important for a variety of cognitive functions and behavioral control. However, the role of frontal cortical dopaminergic innervation for neurobehavioral development has received little attention. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Liver genomic responses to ciguatoxin: evidence for activation of phase I and phase II detoxification pathways following an acute hypothermic response in mice.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · June 2008 Ciguatoxins (CTX) are polyether neurotoxins that target voltage-gated sodium channels and are responsible for ciguatera, the most common fish-borne food poisoning in humans. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response of mouse liver to a s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on nicotinic and NMDA glutamatergic receptor regulation: interactions with clozapine actions and attentional performance in rats.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · May 15, 2008 Blockade of NMDA glutamate receptors with dizocilpine (MK-801) has been shown to cause substantial cognitive deficits and has been used to model symptoms of schizophrenia. Nicotine or nicotinic agonists, in contrast, may enhance cognitive or attentional fu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metallothionein in the central nervous system: Roles in protection, regeneration and cognition.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · May 2008 Metallothionein (MT) is an enigmatic protein, and its physiological role remains a matter of intense study and debate 50 years after its discovery. This is particularly true of its function in the central nervous system (CNS), where the challenge remains t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Repeat exposure to ciguatoxin leads to enhanced and sustained thermoregulatory, pain threshold and motor activity responses in mice: relationship to blood ciguatoxin concentrations.

Journal article Toxicology · April 3, 2008 Ciguatera is a common illness in tropical and subtropical regions that manifests in complex and long-lived symptoms which are more severe in subsequent exposures. This study measures central and peripheral neurologic signs, in parallel with blood toxin lev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental neurotoxicity of low dose diazinon exposure of neonatal rats: effects on serotonin systems in adolescence and adulthood.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · March 28, 2008 The developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate pesticides targets serotonin (5HT) systems, which are involved in emotional and appetitive behaviors. We exposed neonatal rats to daily doses of diazinon on postnatal days 1-4, using doses (0.5 or 2mg/kg) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neonatal exposure to low doses of diazinon: long-term effects on neural cell development and acetylcholine systems.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · March 2008 BACKGROUND: The developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate pesticides involves mechanisms other than their shared property of cholinesterase inhibition. OBJECTIVES: We gave diazinon (DZN) to newborn rats on postnatal days 1-4, using doses (0.5 or 2 mg/ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and clozapine effects on attentional performance impaired by the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine in female rats.

Journal article Int J Neuropsychopharmacol · February 2008 Cognitive impairment is very prevalent in schizophrenia and is currently undertreated in most patients. Attentional deficit is one of the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs, which can be quite effective in combating hallucinations are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental diazinon neurotoxicity in rats: later effects on emotional response.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · January 31, 2008 Developmental exposure to the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon (DZN) alters serotonergic synaptic function at doses below the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition, however there are some indications that the two agents may differ in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Undertaking positive control studies as part of developmental neurotoxicity testing: a report from the ILSI Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute expert working group on neurodevelopmental endpoints.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2008 Developmental neurotoxicity testing involves functional and neurohistological assessments in offspring during and following maternal and/or neonatal exposure. Data from positive control studies are an integral component in developmental neurotoxicity risk ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2008 Metallothioneins are central for the metabolism and detoxification of transition metals. Exposure to mercury during early neurodevelopment is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Given the importance of metallothioneins in mercury detoxification, met ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent cognitive alterations in rats after early postnatal exposure to low doses of the organophosphate pesticide, diazinon.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2008 BACKGROUND: Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphorous insecticides (OPs) involves multiple mechanisms in addition to cholinesterase inhibition. We have found persisting effects of developmental chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) on cholinergic an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transcriptional profiling of whole blood and serum protein analysis of mice exposed to the neurotoxin Pacific Ciguatoxin-1.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · November 2007 Ciguatoxins (CTX) are a suite of cyclic polyether toxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp., are potent activators of voltage-gated sodium channels and a leading cause of human poisoning from food fish. This report characterizes the ge ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic interactions with antipsychotic drugs, models of schizophrenia and impacts on cognitive function.

Journal article Biochem Pharmacol · October 15, 2007 People with schizophrenia often have substantial cognitive impairments, which may be related to nicotinic receptor deficits, (alpha7 and alpha4beta2), documented in the brains of people with schizophrenia. The large majority of people with schizophrenia sm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interaction of nicotinic and histamine H(3) systems in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition task.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · August 13, 2007 Nicotinic systems have been found in a variety of studies to play important roles in cognitive function. Nicotinic involvement in different aspects of cognitive function such as learning vs. memory may differ. We have found in rats that the spatial repeate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Histamine H1 receptor involvement in prepulse inhibition and memory function: relevance for the antipsychotic actions of clozapine.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2007 Histamine H(1) blockade is one of the more prominent actions of the multi-receptor acting antipsychotic clozapine. It is currently not known how much this H(1) antagonism of clozapine contributes to the therapeutic or adverse side effects of clozapine. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clozapine treatment reverses dizocilpine-induced deficits of pre-pulse inhibition of tactile startle response.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · March 2007 Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) is a phenomenon of neurobehavioral plasticity in which the motor response to a startling sensory stimulus is inhibited by a preceding sensory stimulus of a lower intensity. The current experiment used tactile startle rather than ... Full text Link to item Cite

Guidelines on nicotine dose selection for in vivo research.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · February 2007 RATIONALE: This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which a dosaging regimen chosen for a specific nicotine-mediated respons ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anxiolytic effects of nicotine in zebrafish.

Journal article Physiol Behav · January 30, 2007 Anxiolytic effects of nicotine have been documented in studies with rodents and humans. Understanding the neural basis of nicotine-induced anxiolysis can help both with developing better aids for smoking cessation as well as with the potential development ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent vs. adult-onset nicotine self-administration in male rats: duration of effect and differential nicotinic receptor correlates.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2007 Adolescence is the life stage when tobacco addiction typically begins. Adolescent neurobehavioral development may be altered by nicotine self-administration in a way that persistently potentiates addiction. Previously, we showed that female adolescent rats ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of atypical anxiolytic N-phenyl-2-[1-[3-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzoyl]-4-piperidine]acetamide (JNJ-5234801) on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring P rats.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · January 2007 BACKGROUND: N-Phenyl-2-[1-[3-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzoyl]-4-piperidine]acetamide (JNJ-5234801) is a structurally novel atypical anxiolytic with an overall in vivo profile in animals suggestive of the potential to show anxiolytic efficacy in humans at doses ... Full text Link to item Cite

Increased nicotine self-administration following prenatal exposure in female rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 2006 There is a significant association between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and greater subsequent risk of smoking in female offspring. In animal models, prenatal nicotine exposure causes persistent alterations in cholinergic and monoaminergic s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2006 RATIONALE: Despite established links between nicotine dependence and depression, little research has examined the effects of nicotine on depression symptoms. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the acute and chronic effects of transdermal nicotine in nonsmoker ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventral hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor blockade and clozapine effects on memory in female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 2006 RATIONALE: Nicotinic systems in the hippocampus play important roles in memory function. Decreased hippocampal nicotinic receptor concentration is associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: We modeled in rats th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Organophosphate insecticides target the serotonergic system in developing rat brain regions: disparate effects of diazinon and parathion at doses spanning the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · October 2006 BACKGROUND: In the developing brain, serotonin (5HT) systems are among the most sensitive to disruption by organophosphates. OBJECTIVES: We exposed neonatal rats to daily doses of diazinon or parathion on postnatal days (PND)1-4 and evaluated 5HT receptors ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-dose mecamylamine improves learning of rats in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition procedure.

Journal article Neurobiol Learn Mem · July 2006 The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine has been widely shown to cause cognitive impairment. However, these effects are mainly seen with high doses. There have been scattered findings that low doses of mecamylamine can have the opposite effect. This may be d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · June 30, 2006 Schmajuk and Larrauri [Schmajuk NA, Larrauri JA. Neural network model of prepulse inhibition. Behav Neurosci 2005;119:1546-62.] introduced a real-time model of acoustic startle, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and facilitation (PPF) in animals and humans. The mo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides: effects on brain development are separable from systemic toxicity.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · May 2006 A comparative approach to the differences between systemic toxicity and developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates is critical to determine the degree to which multiple mechanisms of toxicity carry across different members of this class of insecticide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dorsal hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and memory.

Journal article Brain Res · April 7, 2006 Nicotinic receptor systems have been shown to be important for working memory. In general, nicotinic agonists have been shown to improve memory, and nicotinic antagonists impair it. All of the neuronal substrates for nicotinic involvement in memory still r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Metallothionein expression and neurocognitive function in mice.

Journal article Physiol Behav · March 30, 2006 Transition metals have been associated with impaired neurological development, and neurobehavioral activity. Metallothioneins are central components in the metabolism and detoxification of a variety of metals, however, little is known concerning their role ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2006 RATIONALE: Nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies in humans and experimental animals to improve cognitive function. Nicotinic treatments are being developed as therapeutic treatments for cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: Critical for the developm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Timing of nicotine effects on learning in zebrafish.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2006 RATIONALE: Nicotine has been shown in many, but not all, studies to improve cognitive function in a number of species including rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. Recently, we have found that nicotine also improves memory in zebrafish. Nicotinic agonists are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of clozapine on memory function in the rat neonatal hippocampal lesion model of schizophrenia.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · March 2006 Clozapine is an effective atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia. It has the advantage of producing fewer extrapyramidal motor side effects than typical antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol. Schizophrenia involves more than the hallmark ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine interactions with clozapine and risperidone and attentional function in rats.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · March 2006 Although antipsychotic drugs are therapeutically effective in attenuating the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia, these improvements do not return most patients to normative standards of cognitive function. Thus, complementary drug treatment may be needed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether mixture DE-71 in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal article Chemosphere · February 2006 Exposures to penta polybrominated diphenylether (PeBDE) cause neurobehavioral toxicity in developing mice and rats. As levels of these ubiquitous contaminants are increasing in the environment, this raises concern that wildlife may also suffer such effects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent neurobehavioral effects of early postnatal domoic acid exposure in rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2006 Domoic acid (DA) is a marine biotoxin, produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzchia spp., which has been shown to cause cognitive impairment in adults who are exposed via contaminated seafood. The neurobehavioral consequences of developmental exposure are much l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic-antipsychotic drug interactions and cognitive function.

Journal article EXS · 2006 In summary, neuronal nicotinic systems are important for a variety of aspects of cognitive function impacted by antipsychotic drugs. It has been demonstrated that antipsychotic drugs have memory and attentional impairing effects when given to unimpaired su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ketanserin attenuates nicotine-induced working memory improvement in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · October 2005 Nicotinic systems have been shown in numerous studies to be important for spatial working memory. Nicotinic systems are certainly not acting alone in the basis of memory function, but act in concert with a variety of other neural systems. Important for the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gestational dexamethasone treatment elicits sex-dependent alterations in locomotor activity, reward-based memory and hippocampal cholinergic function in adolescent and adult rats.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · September 2005 Glucocorticoids are the consensus treatment for preventing respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants but there is emerging evidence of subsequent neurobehavioral abnormalities, independent of somatic growth effects. Pregnant rats were given 0.2 mg/k ... Full text Link to item Cite

Marine and freshwater toxin impacts on neurobehavioral function

Journal article Neurotoxicology and Teratology · September 1, 2005 Full text Cite

Adolescent vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol or nicotine exposure: findings from rodent models.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · September 2005 This article presents an overview of the proceedings from a symposium entitled "Is adolescence special? Possible age-related vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol or nicotine exposure," organized by Susan Barron and Linda Spear and held at the 2004 Research S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Memory decline of aging reduced by extracellular superoxide dismutase overexpression.

Journal article Behav Genet · July 2005 Featured Work Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) plays an important role in controlling oxidative stress as well as intercellular signaling. In the current study, we tested the effect of EC-SOD overexpression over the lifespan of a set of mice and their wild-ty ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fetal nicotinic overload, blunted sympathetic responsivity, and obesity.

Journal article Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol · July 2005 Featured Work Full text Link to item Cite

Reversal of clozapine effects on working memory in rats with fimbria-fornix lesions.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · June 2005 Featured Work Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic drug, but its effects on cognitive function are unclear. Previously, we found that clozapine caused a working memory deficit, which was reversed by nicotine. Hippocampal systems are important in determining clozapine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic-serotonergic drug interactions and attentional performance in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 2005 RATIONALE: Both central serotonergic and nicotinic systems play important roles in a variety of neurobehavioral functions; however, the interactions of these two systems have not been fully characterized. The current study served to determine the impact of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and clozapine actions on pre-pulse inhibition deficits caused by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor blockade.

Journal article Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry · May 2005 Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) is a phenomenon of neurobehavioral plasticity in which the motor response to a startling stimulus is inhibited by a preceding stimulus of a lower intensity. Most often this is tested in the auditory mode. PPI is impaired in a var ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos leads to behavioral alterations in adulthood, involving serotonergic mechanisms and resembling animal models of depression.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · May 2005 Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) causes persistent changes in serotonergic (5HT) systems. We administered 1 mg/kg/day CPF to rats on postnatal days 1-4, a regimen below the threshold for systemic toxicity. When tested in adulthood, CPF-exposed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on regionally specific nicotinic and NMDA glutamate receptor binding.

Journal article Brain Res · April 18, 2005 Featured Work Chronic nicotine administration has long been known to increase the number of high-affinity alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors with lesser effects on low-affinity alpha7 nicotinic receptors. Nicotine has been shown to promote the release of a variety of neuro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) quenches free radicals and attenuates age-related cognitive decline: opportunities for novel drug development in aging.

Journal article Curr Alzheimer Res · April 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most effective mechanisms in physiology for inactivating reactive oxygen species. Elevated SOD activity can be therapeutically useful by protecting against oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. Acutely increased e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting behavioral consequences of prenatal domoic acid exposure in rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2005 Featured Work To investigate the behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to the marine toxin domoic acid, pregnant female rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mg/kg of domoic acid on gestational day 13. The offspring were then run through a behavio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Olanzapine interactions with nicotine and mecamylamine in rats: effects on memory function.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2005 Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic drug. It is quite effective in reducing psychotic symptoms. However, the syndrome of schizophrenia encompasses more than psychosis. There is a pronounced cognitive impairment among other negative neurobeha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mode of action: disruption of brain cell replication, second messenger, and neurotransmitter systems during development leading to cognitive dysfunction--developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine.

Journal article Crit Rev Toxicol · 2005 Developmental exposure to nicotine in rats results in neurobehavioral effects such as reduced locomotor and cognitive function. Key events in the animal mode of action (MOA) include binding to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor during prenatal and/or early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Baclofen interactions with nicotine in rats: effects on memory.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · October 2004 Nicotine has been shown in numerous previous studies to significantly improve memory on the radial-arm maze, yet the critical mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully characterized. Nicotine stimulates the release of a number of neurotransmitters im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-antipsychotic drug interactions and attentional performance in female rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · February 20, 2004 Featured Work Schizophrenia is marked by pronounced cognitive impairments in addition to the hallmark psychotic symptoms like hallucinations. Antipsychotic drugs can effectively reduce these hallucinations; however, the drugs have not resolved the cognitive impairment. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic transdermal nicotine patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in age-associated memory impairment.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · February 2004 Featured Work OBJECTIVES: Chronic transdermal nicotine has been found to improve attentional performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about chronic nicotine effects in age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), a milder form of cognitive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent and adult rats respond differently to nicotine and alcohol: motor activity and body temperature.

Journal article Int J Dev Neurosci · 2004 Alcohol and nicotine are the most widely abused drugs in the world. The use of these addictive drugs often begins in adolescence, however, little is known about the different impacts of nicotine and alcohol on adolescents versus adults. This study examined ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic involvement in memory function in zebrafish.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 Featured Work Zebrafish are an emerging model for the study of the molecular mechanisms of brain function. To conduct studies of the neural bases of behavior in zebrafish, we must understand the behavioral function of zebrafish and how it is altered by perturbations of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral assessment of mice after developmental AZT exposure.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 Azidothymidine (AZT) is administered to pregnant women with HIV to prevent the spread of infection to their fetuses. Since gestation is a period of critical neurodevelopment, it is important to determine the risk AZT exposure may pose to neurobehavioral fu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental chlorpyrifos effects on hatchling zebrafish swimming behavior.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 Featured Work Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate insecticide and potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, interferes with neurobehavioral development. Rat models have been key in demonstrating that developmental CPF exposure causes learning deficits and loc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral alterations in adolescent and adult rats caused by a brief subtoxic exposure to chlorpyrifos during neurulation.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2004 Featured Work The widely used organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), elicits neurobehavioral abnormalities after apparently subtoxic neonatal exposures. In the current study, we administered 1 or 5 mg/kg/day of CPF to pregnant rats on gestational days 9-12, th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterogeneity of toxicant response: sources of human variability.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · November 2003 While risk assessment models attempt to predict human risk to toxicant exposure, in many cases these models cannot account for the wide variety of human responses. This review addresses several primary sources of heterogeneity that may affect individual re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventral hippocampal NMDA blockade and nicotinic effects on memory function.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · September 30, 2003 Nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA glutamate receptors play critical roles in memory function. The brain areas involved in their interaction are still under investigation. One likely area is the hippocampus. Ventral hippocampal administration of nicotinic an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 2003 RATIONALE: Although the great majority of tobacco addiction begins during adolescence, little is known about differential nicotine effects in adolescents versus adults. OBJECTIVES: A rat model was used to determine the impact of the age of onset on nicotin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lobeline-induced learning improvement of rats in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 2003 Lobeline is a nicotinic ligand with some nicotine-like effects, but with some atypical effects as well, including actions as a nicotinic antagonist. Lobeline, like nicotine, has been found to significantly improve memory function as well as provide anxioly ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-alcohol interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 2003 Nicotine and alcohol are very often co-used and co-abused. Thus, it is important to understand their interactions. In many ways, nicotine and alcohol have opposing effects. This can be clearly seen in terms of their effects on cognitive function. Nicotine ... Full text Link to item Cite

NMDA systems in the amygdala and piriform cortex and nicotinic effects on memory function.

Journal article Brain Res Cogn Brain Res · July 2003 Both nicotinic cholinergic and NMDA glutaminergic systems are important for memory function. Nicotine has been found repeatedly to significantly improve working memory performance in the radial-arm maze. The NMDA antagonist dizocilpine has been found to im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic-glutamatergic interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · March 28, 2003 Nicotinic systems have been shown to be critically involved in cognitive function including attention. Nicotine has been shown to improve performance on attentional tasks in humans with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic mechanisms of memory: effects of acute local DHbetaE and MLA infusions in the basolateral amygdala.

Journal article Brain Res Cogn Brain Res · March 2003 Nicotine has been shown to improve working memory. The neural mechanisms underlying this effect are still being determined. The ventral hippocampus is critical for nicotinic effects on memory. Local ventral hippocampal infusions of either the nicotinic alp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reliabilities and intercorrelations of reported and objective measures of smoking in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal article Schizophr Res · March 1, 2003 We examined the test-retest reliabilities of reported and objective measures of smoking, and the intercorrelations among these measures, in acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia to determine whether severe psychiatric illness affects the utility of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chlorpyrifos exposure of developing zebrafish: effects on survival and long-term effects on response latency and spatial discrimination.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2003 Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide, which has been shown to interfere with neurobehavioral development. Rat models have been key in demonstrating that prenatal CPF exposure causes choice accuracy deficits and motor alterations, which persist i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Learning impairment caused by a toxin produced by Pfiesteria piscicida infused into the hippocampus of rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2003 Pfiesteria piscicida, an estuarine dinoflagellate, which has been shown to kill fish, has also been associated with neurocognitive deficits in humans. With a rat model, we have demonstrated the cause-and-effect relationship between Pfiesteria exposure and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral Toxicology Society 2002 annual meeting report

Journal article Neurotoxicology and Teratology · January 1, 2003 Full text Cite

Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on choice accuracy in an operant visual signal detection task in female rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · December 2002 RATIONALE: During the past decade, central nicotinic systems have been shown in both experimental animals and humans to play an important role in cognitive function. However, the way in which specific aspects of cognitive function are affected by nicotinic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic receptor subtypes and cognitive function.

Journal article J Neurobiol · December 2002 Nicotinic receptor systems are involved in a wide variety of behavioral functions including cognitive function. Nicotinic medications may provide beneficial treatment for cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and attention defic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine interactions with haloperidol, clozapine and risperidone and working memory function in rats.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · October 2002 Nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies to improve memory performance. The cognitive effects of nicotine are particularly important with regard to schizophrenia. In the current studies nicotine interactions with three different antipsychotic drugs, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic treatment for cognitive dysfunction.

Journal article Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord · August 2002 Nicotinic medications may provide beneficial therapeutic treatment for cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For development of nicotinic treatments we are fortunate to have a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-alcohol interactions and cognitive function in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · July 2002 Nicotine and ethanol are the most widely abused drugs in the world. They are very often used and abused together. However, little is known about the functional interaction of nicotine and ethanol. The current project studied the interactive effects of nico ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic inhibition of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors in the ventral hippocampus of rats: impacts on memory and nicotine response.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · March 2002 RATIONALE: Acute and chronic systemic nicotine administration has been shown to cause significant spatial memory improvement. The critical nicotinic receptor subtypes for this effect and their location are still being determined. Nicotinic receptors in the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular superoxide dismutase overexpression protects against aging-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

Journal article Behav Genet · March 2002 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide and appears to play a role in controlling oxidative stress and intercellular signaling. Whether EC-SOD overexpression would help or hinder neurobehavioral fun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistence of nicotinic agonist RJR 2403-induced working memory improvement in rats

Journal article Drug Development Research · January 1, 2002 Nicotinic systems are involved in the neural basis of memory function and nicotinic agonists have shown promise for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Both acute and chronic nicotinic treatment has been shown to improve memory performance. There is so ... Full text Cite

Hippocampal alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors and working memory.

Journal article Neuroscience · 2002 Nicotine and other nicotinic receptor agonists have been found in a variety of studies to improve memory, while nicotinic receptor blockade can impair memory. The critical neural mechanisms for nicotinic involvement with memory are still under investigatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats causes persistent behavioral alterations.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2002 Use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been curtailed due to its developmental neurotoxicity. In rats, postnatal CPF administration produces lasting changes in cognitive performance, but less information is available about the effects of prenatal exposure. We admin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of long-term stabilization of cationic liposomes as defibrotide delivery system for antithrombotic activity

Journal article Drug Development Research · January 1, 2002 The general goal of this study was to produce cationic liposome formulations suitable for the in vivo administration of defibrotide (DFT) (a DNA-based drug) and to investigate in vitro and in vivo the stability of such a formulation. This article describes ... Full text Cite

Ventral hippocampal alpha 7 nicotinic receptor blockade and chronic nicotine effects on memory performance in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 2001 Chronic nicotine administration has been shown to significantly improve working memory. Nicotinic involvement in memory function critically involves the ventral hippocampus. Local ventral hippocampal infusions of the nicotinic antagonists mecamylamine, dih ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rat model of the cognitive impairment from Pfiesteria piscicida exposure.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · October 2001 Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder, an estuarine dinoflagellate known to kill fish, has also been associated with neurocognitive deficits in humans. We have developed a rat model to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent behavioral consequences of neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats.

Journal article Brain Res Dev Brain Res · September 23, 2001 Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticides which has been shown to alter brain cell development. The current project was conducted to determine whether there are persistent behavioral effects of early [1 mg/kg/day postnatal days (PNDs) 1-4] or late ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive effects of nicotine.

Journal article Biol Psychiatry · February 1, 2001 Nicotine and other nicotinic agonists have been found to improve performance on attention and memory tasks. Clinical studies using nicotine skin patches have demonstrated the efficacy of nicotine in treating cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer' ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of chronic nicotine and methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal article Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · February 2001 Acute nicotine treatment has been found to reduce symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults (E. D. Levin, C. K. Conners, et al., 1996). In this study, chronic nicotine effects were compared with placebo and methylphenidate. Acute and c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specificity of cognitive impairment from Pfiesteria piscicida exposure in rats: attention and visual function versus behavioral plasticity.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2001 Pfiesteria piscicida is a toxic dinoflagellate that has caused massive fish kills in estuaries along the East Coast of the United States, and exposure of humans to toxic Pfiesteria has been associated with cognitive impairment. A visual signal detection ta ... Full text Link to item Cite

The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine preferentially inhibits cocaine vs. food self-administration in rats.

Journal article Physiol Behav · December 2000 Nicotinic acetylcholine systems play important roles in addiction, and nicotinic receptor stimulation stimulates dopamine release while the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine reduces it. Reid et al. [Neuropsychopharmacology 20 (1999) 297.] recently found in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Symposium overview: mechanism of action of nicotine on neuronal acetylcholine receptors, from molecule to behavior.

Journal article Toxicol Sci · October 2000 Nicotine has long been known to interact with nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors since Langley used it extensively to chart sympathetic ganglia a century ago. It has also been used as an effective insecticide. However, it was not until the 1990s that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventral hippocampal alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and chronic nicotine effects on memory.

Journal article Neuropharmacology · October 2000 Chronic nicotine administration has been repeatedly shown to facilitate working memory function in rats on the radial-arm maze. The critical neural mechanisms for this effect are still being discovered. The nicotinic nature of the chronic nicotine induced ... Full text Link to item Cite

Binge pattern ethanol exposure in adolescent and adult rats: differential impact on subsequent responsiveness to ethanol.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · August 2000 BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that adolescent animals are more sensitive than adults to the disruptive effects of acute ethanol exposure on spatial learning. It is not yet known whether adolescent animals are also more sensitive than adults to the ... Link to item Cite

Nicotinic treatment for degenerative neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · August 2000 Nicotinic systems play an important role in the neural basis of working memory and attention. Recent progress in understanding of the structure, function, and distribution of central nervous system (CNS) nicotinic receptors and their pharmacology has opene ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine enhances stimulus detection performance of middle- and old-aged rats: a longitudinal study.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 2000 The effects of nicotine on sustained attention were tested in F344xBN male rats when they were chronologically middle and old aged. The rats (n = 11) were trained in a two-choice, stimulus detection task in which a press of one of two levers was reinforced ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of nicotinic drug therapy for cognitive disorders.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · March 30, 2000 Nicotine, as well as other nicotinic drugs, may provide useful therapeutic treatment for a variety of cognitive impairments including those found in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have found that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase increases the dependency of learning and memory performance on motivational state.

Journal article Behav Genet · March 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide and appears to play a role in controlling intercellular signaling. In this role EC-SOD can have potent effects on neurobehavioral function. In previous studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid neurobehavioral analysis of Pfiesteria piscicida effects in juvenile and adult rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2000 The estuarine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida is known to kill fish and has been associated with neurocognitive deficits in humans. We have developed a rat model to demonstrate that exposure to Pfiesteria causes significant learning impairments. This h ... Full text Link to item Cite

Attention as a target of intoxication: insights and methods from studies of drug abuse.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2000 A symposium was convened to discuss recent developments in the assessment of attention and the effects of drugs and toxic chemicals on attention at the 17th annual meeting of the Behavioral Toxicology Society on May 1, 1999, in Research Triangle Park, NC. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of immunotoxicology in wild populations: Review and recommendations

Journal article Reviews in Toxicology · December 1, 1999 A heightened recognition of the immunotoxicity of many xenobiotics has sparked increased interest in studying immune system effects in wildlife. Immunotoxicological endpoints have been directly informative in assessing the health of wildlife populations th ... Cite

AR-R17779, and alpha7 nicotinic agonist, improves learning and memory in rats.

Journal article Behav Pharmacol · November 1999 Nicotinic acetylcholine systems have been found to be important for learning and memory function. The prototypic nicotinic agonist nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies to improve aspects of cognitive function. The specific involvement of nicotin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutually potentiating effects of mecamylamine and haloperidol in producing catalepsy in rats

Journal article Drug Development Research · August 4, 1999 Haloperidol and other dopaminergic (DA) blockers have long been known to induce catalepsy. Recently, it has been reported that nicotine potentiates the cataleptic effect of haloperidol. However, this presents a quandary in terms of neural interactions betw ... Full text Cite

Bridged nicotine, isonicotine, and norisonicotine effects on working memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze

Journal article Drug Development Research · May 12, 1999 Nicotine and other nicotinic agonists have been found tO improve performance in a variety of tasks, including the radial-arm maze to improve memory. There has been an active effort to develop novel nicotinic agonists for the treatment of cognitive dysfunct ... Full text Cite

Four-week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · April 1999 RATIONALE: Acute nicotine injections have been found to improve attentional performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about chronic nicotine effects. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventral hippocampal dopamine D1 and D2 systems and spatial working memory in rats.

Journal article Neuroscience · March 1999 The hippocampus has long been known to be important for memory function. However, the involvement of hippocampal dopamine systems with memory has received little attention. In the current study, dopamine D1 and D2 hippocampal receptor system involvement wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity.

Journal article Science · January 15, 1999 The mechanism by which psychostimulants act as calming agents in humans with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperkinetic disorder is currently unknown. Mice lacking the gene encoding the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) have e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ventral hippocampal ibotenic acid lesions block chronic nicotine-induced spatial working memory improvement in rats.

Journal article Brain Res Cogn Brain Res · January 1999 Chronic nicotine infusions have been found to significantly improve working memory performance in the radial-arm maze. This effect is blocked by co-infusions of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine. Acute nicotine injections also improve working memory pe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pfiesteria toxin and learning performance.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1999 Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine dinoflagellate involved with fish kills along the east coast of the United States. We previously documented a radial-arm maze learning deficit in rats exposed to Pfiesteria that may be related to cognitive deficits seen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine effects on attention.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · November 1998 Nicotine has been shown to improve attentiveness in smokers and attenuate attentional deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients, schizophrenics and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study was conducted to determine whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine-dizocilpine interactions and working and reference memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 1998 Both nicotinic cholinergic and NMDA glutaminergic systems are important for memory function. Nicotine has been found repeatedly to significantly improve working memory performance in the radial-arm maze. The NMDA antagonist dizocilpine has been found to im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular manipulations of extracellular superoxide dismutase: functional importance for learning.

Journal article Behav Genet · September 1998 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide (O2.-), which is important for a variety of physiological pathways, including the primary means of inactivating nitric oxide (NO). The role of EC-SOD in neuro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · August 1998 Nicotinic cholinergic systems are involved with several important aspects of cognitive function including attention, learning and memory. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in many regions of the brain, including areas important for cognitive func ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oxidative stress in toxicology: established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · July 1998 Interest in the toxicological aspects of oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and research has become increasingly focused on the mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage and cellular responses in biological systems. Toxic consequences of oxidative s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term neuroprotection by benzodiazepine full versus partial agonists after transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil [corrected].

Journal article J Cereb Blood Flow Metab · May 1998 The ability of diazepam, a benzodiazepine full agonist, and imidazenil, a benzodiazepine partial agonist, to protect hippocampal area CA1 neurons from death for at least 35 days after cerebral ischemia was investigated. Diazepam (10 mg/kg) administered to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differential effects of ethanol on memory in adolescent and adult rats.

Journal article Alcohol Clin Exp Res · April 1998 Previous studies have shown that ethanol inhibits memory-related synaptic activity and plasticity more potently in hippocampal slices from immature rats, compared with those taken from adults. We therefore hypothesized that ethanol would more potently atte ... Link to item Cite

Nicotinic antagonist administration into the ventral hippocampus and spatial working memory in rats.

Journal article Neuroscience · December 1997 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are important for maintaining optimal memory performance. In order to more fully characterize the involvement of nicotinic systems in memory, the contributions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes were investigated ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic haloperidol administration does not block acute nicotine-induced improvements in radial-arm maze performance in the rat.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 1997 Nicotine has been found to improve cognitive performance in a variety of tasks including the radial maze. Nicotine has also been shown to promote the release of a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine (DA). DA has been found to be important for n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persisting learning deficits in rats after exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida.

Journal article Environ Health Perspect · December 1997 Pfiesteria piscicida and other toxic Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates have been implicated as a cause of fish kills in North Carolina estuaries and elsewhere. Accidental laboratory exposure of humans to P. piscicida has been reported to cause a complex synd ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic system involvement in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Implications for therapeutics.

Journal article Drugs Aging · September 1997 Advances in our understanding of the structure, function and distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the CNS have provided the impetus for new studies examining the role(s) that these receptors and associated processes may play in CNS function ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apoptosis and delayed neuronal damage after carbon monoxide poisoning in the rat.

Journal article Exp Neurol · September 1997 Delayed neurological damage after CO hypoxia was studied in rats to determine whether programmed cell death (PCD), in addition to necrosis, is involved in neuronal death. In rats exposed to either air or CO (2500 ppm), microdialysis in brain cortex and hip ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotinic agonist and antagonist effects on T-maze alternation.

Journal article Physiol Behav · June 1997 A variety of studies have found that nicotine improves working memory function. However, other studies have either not found improvements or have found nicotine-induced deficits. The demands of the particular memory test may be critical for the expression ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute nicotine interactions with nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists: working and reference memory effects in the 16-arm radial maze.

Journal article Behav Pharmacol · June 1997 In the 8-arm radial maze and other tests, acute nicotine administration has been found to improve memory performance significantly, whereas acute administration of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine has been found to impair memory performance. However, ... Link to item Cite

Is binding to nicotinic acetylcholine and dopamine receptors related to working memory in rats?

Journal article Brain Res Bull · 1997 Nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) receptor activation has been found to be important for working memory. The regional distribution of these receptors in the brain has been well characterized. However, the relationship of the region-specific n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: pharmacological and behavioral challenges.

Journal article Brain Res Dev Brain Res · December 23, 1996 Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been shown in a variety of studies to be associated with cognitive deficits in the children. Nicotine administration to rats during gestation has been found to cause subtle cognitive effects in the offspring. Some ind ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions in a rat model of schizophrenia.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · December 1996 Lesioning the ventral hippocampus of neonatal rats has been proposed as an experimental model of schizophrenia. This lesion causes a syndrome of hyperresponsivity to the stimulant effects of amphetamine, impaired grooming and disrupted social interactions, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic agonist and antagonist effects on memory

Journal article Drug Development Research · December 1, 1996 Nicotine has been found by a variety of investigators to improve memory in rats, monkeys, and humans. Recent studies have helped to determine the behavioral and pharmacological nature of critical nicotine effects on memory function. Other nicotinic agonist ... Full text Cite

Chronic nicotine-induced improvement of spatial working memory and D2 dopamine effects in rats

Journal article Drug Development Research · December 1, 1996 Nicotine improves working memory function in a variety of different testing situations. In a series of studies, we have found that chronic nicotine infusion improves working memory performance of rats in the win-shift version of the radial-arm maze. In the ... Full text Cite

Epibatidine, a potent nicotinic agonist: Effects on learning and memory in the radial-arm maze

Journal article Medicinal Chemistry Research · December 1, 1996 Epibatidine is a potent nicotinic agonist originally isolated from frog skin. Nicotine has been found in a variety of studies to improve working memory function in several different tests including the radial-arm maze (RAM). The current studies were conduc ... Cite

Nicotine and neurobehavioral function

Journal article Drug Development Research · December 1, 1996 Full text Cite

Nicotine-haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · November 1996 Nearly 90% of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the general population's rate of 25%. There is some indication that schizophrenics may smoke as a form of self-medication. Nicotine has a variety of pharmacologic effects that may both ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine working and reference memory effects in the 16-arm radial maze: interactions with D1 agonist and antagonist drugs.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · September 1996 Chronic nicotine infusion has been found in a series of studies in our laboratory to significantly improve choice accuracy of rats in the eight-arm radial maze. The current study was designed to compare the effects of chronic nicotine infusion on working a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning in the rat: effects of GABAB receptor blockade.

Journal article Neuroscience · September 1996 This series of experiments assessed the role of GABAB receptors in the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo, and spatial learning and memory in three different tasks. In urethane-anesthetized rats, the GABAB receptor antagonist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic, muscarinic and dopaminergic actions in the ventral hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens: effects on spatial working memory in rats.

Journal article Brain Res · July 1, 1996 Acetylcholine (ACh) systems have been widely shown to be important for memory. In particular, ACh hippocampal neurons are critical for memory formation, though ACh innervation of other areas such as the nucleus accumbens may also be important. There has al ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prenatal cocaine and/or nicotine exposure in rats: preliminary findings on long-term cognitive outcome and genital development at birth.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1996 Prenatal cocaine or nicotine exposure is associated with a variety of teratogenic effects. The current study was conducted to determine their effects alone and in combination on cognitive function and sexual differentiation. Pregnant Long-Evans rats (N = 1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute and chronic nicotine effects on working memory in aged rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 1996 Acute and chronic nicotine administration has been repeatedly been found in our laboratory to improve working memory performance of normal adult rats in the radial-arm maze. The current study was conducted to determine if acute or chronic nicotine administ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Journal article Psychopharmacol Bull · 1996 Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much more frequently than ... Link to item Cite

Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · January 1996 Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether nicotine might be use ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pergolide interactions with nicotine and pilocarpine in rats on the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · December 1995 Antagonists of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholinergic (ACh) receptors have significant interactions with dopaminergic (DA) ligands with regard to radial-arm maze choice accuracy. The current studies examined the interactions of agonists of nicotinic an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Smoking in Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Journal article J Trauma Stress · July 1995 The present study investigated smoking prevalence, smoking motives, demographic variables and psychological symptoms in 124 help-seeking, male Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A high percentage of these veterans smoked (6 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute and chronic nicotinic interactions with dopamine systems and working memory performance.

Journal article Ann N Y Acad Sci · May 10, 1995 Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests in rats, monkeys, and humans. Interactions of nicotinic systems with dopamine (DA) systems may be important for this effect. We conducted a series of studies of nicotinic agonist a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Haloperidol increases smoking in patients with schizophrenia.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · May 1995 Ten patients with schizophrenia participated in 120-min free-smoking sessions when actively psychotic and free of antipsychotic medications, and again after the initiation of haloperidol treatment. During these free-smoking sessions they had access to ciga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reply

Journal article Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · April 1995 Full text Cite

Triphenyl phosphite-induced impairment of spatial alternation learning.

Journal article J Toxicol Environ Health · April 1995 Triphenyl phosphite (TPP) is a weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and a type II organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxic agent. The current study examined the cognitive effects of a single 250 mg/kg ip dose of TPP administered to either 3-mo- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spatial working and reference memory in rats bred for autonomic sensitivity to cholinergic stimulation: acquisition, accuracy, speed, and effects of cholinergic drugs.

Journal article Neurobiol Learn Mem · March 1995 Rat lines were selected by breeding for sensitivity to signs of autonomic stimulation (hypotherma, loss of body weight, and reduced water intake) induced by the cholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). These lines have since been maintai ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral and neurochemical consequences of ibotenic acid lesion in the subthalamic nucleus of the common marmoset.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · 1995 Five marmosets were unilaterally lesioned within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) by injection of 10 micrograms ibotenic acid. Seven marmosets served as saline injected controls. The lesioned marmosets showed an increased locomotor activity, occasional tongue ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of nicotinic dimethylaminoethyl esters on working memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · 1995 Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests, including the radial-arm maze. This improvement, together with the consistent finding of a decline in cortical nicotinic receptor concentration in Alzheimer's patients, has fueled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine as a therapeutic drug.

Journal article N C Med J · January 1995 Current evidence about the therapeutic potential of nicotine is strongest for ulcerative colitis. The role, if any, of nicotine therapy in Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases is not clear, but further research appears warranted. We need more information ab ... Link to item Cite

Combined Agonist-Antagonist Treatment for Nicotine and Other Drug Dependencies.

Journal article Neuropsychopharmacology · December 1994 Co-administration of an agonist with an antagonist may regulate receptor activation, resulting in relief of withdrawal symptoms and blockade of drug reward. In one study, 12 smokers rated the rewarding effects of cigarette smoke after separate and combined ... Full text Link to item Cite

Working memory performance and cholinergic effects in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra.

Journal article Brain Res · September 19, 1994 The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine has been found to impair working memory performance in the radial-arm maze (RAM) after s.c. or i.c.v. administration. Mecamylamine has important interactions with dopaminergic (DA) systems. Mecamylamine-induced memory ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.

Journal article Clin Pharmacol Ther · July 1994 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate concurrent administration of mecamylamine (nicotine antagonist) with nicotine skin patch treatment for smoking cessation. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy smokers who smoked ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking.

Journal article J Clin Psychopharmacol · February 1994 A variety of studies have shown that nicotine skin patches are effective in promoting smoking cessation. This study replicated this effect, in addition, nicotine skin patches were found to decrease a variety of withdrawal effects, including craving for cig ... Link to item Cite

Promise of nicotinic‐based therapeutic treatments

Journal article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1994 Nicotine has a wide variety of pharmacological effects. Some of these, such as improved attentiveness and memory, quickened reaction time, reduced appetite, and lessening of stress can be viewed as beneficial and may partially underlie tobacco use. They al ... Full text Cite

Nicotine interactions with dopamine agonists: Effects on working memory function

Journal article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1994 Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests including the radial‐arm maze. Nicotine may have effects mediated by promoting the release of dopamine. The present study was conducted to determine the interactions of nicotine wi ... Full text Cite

Combined Effects of Nicotine and Mecamylamine in Attenuating Smoking Satisfaction

Journal article Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · January 1, 1994 Separate and combined effects of nicotine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were studied. Twelve smokers rated test cigarettes after administration of mecamylamine versus placebo capsules and nicotine versus nonnicotine preload. Smoking withdrawal ... Full text Cite

Intracerebroventricular nicotine and mecamylamine alter radial‐arm maze performance in rats

Journal article Drug Development Research · January 1, 1994 In rats, the effects of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) nicotinic agonist nicotine (NIC), the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (MEC), and combinations of NIC + MEC were assessed in a radial‐arm maze (RAM). In experiment 1, exploratory behavior was assess ... Full text Cite

CLOZAPINE DECREASES DRIVE TO SMOKE

Journal article SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH · January 1, 1994 Link to item Cite

Saliva nicotine as an index of plasma levels in nicotine skin patch users.

Journal article Ther Drug Monit · October 1993 This study examined whether salivary nicotine concentrations would provide a useful index of plasma concentrations in studies of the effects of transdermal nicotine administration. Twenty-four subject smokers abstained from smoking for 12 h prior to admiss ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical trials using ascorbic acid aerosol to aid smoking cessation.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1993 Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke are important for providing smoking satisfaction. In previous studies, we have found that substitution of the sensory cues of smoking with a citric acid aerosol significantly reduces craving for cigarettes and enhances sm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection.

Journal article Brain Res Cogn Brain Res · October 1993 Nicotine has been found in a variety of studies to improve performance in memory tasks. This study was conducted to determine if chronic nicotine administration is useful in counteracting the working memory deficits seen after lesions of the fimbria or the ... Full text Link to item Cite

The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling.

Journal article Arch Intern Med · August 23, 1993 BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the nicotine patch in smoking cessation when combined with self-help materials, three brief visits, and telephone counseling. METHODS: One hundred fifty-nine healthy volunteers who smoked at ... Link to item Cite

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on working and reference memory in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 1993 Changes in dopaminergic function have been associated with alterations in motor and cognitive function in man and in animals. This study was designed to assess the effects of dopaminergic drugs on these aspects of conditioned behavior in animals. Male Long ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotinic stimulation and blockade effects on working memory.

Journal article Behav Pharmacol · April 1993 Acute and chronic nicotine treatment has been found to improve learning and memory function in a variety of tasks. In several studies we have found that chronic nicotine infusion improves working memory performance. Replicating these results, the current s ... Link to item Cite

Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1993 We investigated the role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of ad lib smoke intake. The smoking behavior of 12 adult male smokers was assessed in three conditions, presenting either high-nicotine cigarette smoke (high nicotine, high sensor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend · January 1993 In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a hand-held inhaler as an adjunct to a smoking cessation behavioral program. The inhaler delivered a citric acid aerosol with tobacco smoke flavor. Seventy-four smokers were recruited for a 3-week smoking cessati ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sex-related spatial learning differences after prenatal cocaine exposure in the young adult rat.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · 1993 Prenatal cocaine exposure in humans is associated with a variety of adverse neurobehavioral effects. In the rat, in utero cocaine exposure has been shown to elicit learning impairment during early postnatal development. However, little research has focused ... Link to item Cite

Prenatal nicotine exposure and cognitive performance in rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1993 In humans and animal models there is evidence that prenatal nicotine exposure causes lasting deficits in cognitive performance. The current study examined the cognitive effects of prenatal exposure of rats to 2 mg/kg/day of nicotine. This dose did not caus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sertraline attenuates hyperphagia in rats following nicotine withdrawal.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1993 Chronic nicotine administration can decrease food consumption and body weight. Abrupt withdrawal from nicotine can cause the reverse effect, hyperphagia and rapid weight gain. In the current study, the efficacy of sertraline, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of treatments for toxicant-induced cognitive deficits.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1993 A wide variety of toxicants have been found to impair cognitive function. Some such as lead, organophosphate pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls are quite widespread in the environment. Others such as alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine are widely used dr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fetal nicotine exposure ablates the ability of postnatal nicotine challenge to release norepinephrine from rat brain regions.

Journal article Brain Res Dev Brain Res · October 23, 1992 Exposure of the fetus to nicotine is known to affect the function of noradrenergic pathways in the central nervous system. In the current study, synaptic mechanisms underlying the functional defects were evaluated in the offspring of pregnant rats given ni ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of halothane on cultured fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells.

Journal article Neurosci Lett · September 28, 1992 Halothane exposure over the cultured cells (100 and 1,000 ppm) caused a disruption of the pattern of actin distribution in both fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. Neuroblastoma cells exposed to halothane also lost microspikes; however, neurite elongation ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dopaminergic drugs reverse the impairment of radial-arm maze performance caused by lesions involving the cholinergic medial pathway.

Journal article Neuroscience · September 1992 Pharmacological studies have shown that both cholinergic and dopaminergic transmitter systems are crucial for optimal choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze and that these systems interact in a complex fashion. Lesion studies have provided evidence that th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistence of chronic nicotine-induced cognitive facilitation.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · September 1992 Nicotine has been found in a variety of species and behavioral paradigms to improve memory performance. The beneficial effect of nicotine has been seen after both acute and chronic administration. Interestingly, improved performance has been seen 24 h afte ... Full text Link to item Cite

ANIMAL-MODELS OF NICOTINE EFFECTS ON WEIGHT REGULATION

Journal article HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY · January 1, 1992 Link to item Cite

Use of the lesion model for examining toxicant effects on cognitive behavior.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1992 It is often beneficial to use a model to help understand unknown effects and relate those effects to an existing body of knowledge. In much of the early development of behavioral toxicology, the pharmacological model has served as a valuable theoretical gu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic systems and cognitive function.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1992 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been found to be important for maintaining optimal performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. In humans, nicotine-induced improvement of rapid information processing is particularly well documented. In experimental ... Full text Link to item Cite

Concurrent agonist-antagonist administration for the analysis and treatment of drug dependence.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1992 Two key strategies for the treatment of drug dependence involve the use of agonists to substitute for the abused drug and the use of antagonists to block the reinforcing actions maintaining drug self-administration. A different strategy for the treatment o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic and muscarinic interactions and choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Brain Res Bull · July 1991 Muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) systems have long been known to be necessary for accurate performance in cognitive tests. Nicotinic ACh systems have been shown to be involved as well. However, there is only a limited amount of information concerning the int ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effects of smoking-related sensory cues on psychological stress.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · June 1991 Previous studies have shown that the sensory cues of cigarette smoking are important for smoking satisfaction and craving reduction. Sensory cues in the absence of pharmacological doses of nicotine have been found to be moderately satisfying and to reduce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inter-relationships between conditioned and primary reinforcement in the maintenance of cigarette smoking.

Journal article Br J Addict · May 1991 Research on smoking cessation has increasingly focussed on pharmacological aspects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal. However, cigarette smoking also provides a characteristic set of sensory cues. These sensory aspects of smoking are important to address ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interactive effects of D1 and D2 agonists with scopolamine on radial-arm maze performance.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · February 1991 Pharmacological blockade of muscarinic cholinergic (ACh) receptors has been found to impair choice accuracy in a variety of tasks including the radial-arm maze. The cognitive impairment caused by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine is reversed by the dop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impairment of radial-arm maze performance in rats following lesions involving the cholinergic medial pathway: reversal by arecoline and differential effects of muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists.

Journal article Neuroscience · 1991 Pharmacologic studies have indicated that accurate performance on the radial-arm maze depends upon the integrity of both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmitter systems and that these systems interact in a complex fashion. Although numerous s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral toxicology of halothane in rats.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1991 Halothane, a commonly used general anesthetic, is considered to be relatively safe for that purpose. Chronic exposure, however, has been found to cause long-lasting damage to neural structure and impairment of behavioral function. In rats, behavioral alter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long‐term neurobehavioral effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in monkeys

Journal article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1991 In recent years, there has been growing concern about the potential long‐term neurobe‐havioral effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure. We have addressed this issue in a series of studies at the Harlow Primate Laboratory. Offspring of ... Full text Cite

Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in cognitive performance.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · November 1990 Both acetylcholinergic (ACh) and dopaminergic (DA) systems have been found to be crucial for the maintenance of accurate cognitive performance. In a series of studies examining those aspects of cognitive function revealed by the radial-arm maze, we have fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of flavor in cigarette substitutes.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend · October 1990 Cigarette smokers identify flavor as an important factor in the pleasure derived from smoking and for their choice of cigarette brand. The issue of cigarette flavor has received a great deal of study by cigarette manufacturers but relatively little by acad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contrasting effects of centromedial and basolateral amygdaloid lesions on stress-related responses in the rat.

Journal article Physiol Behav · October 1990 The effects of lesions in the centromedial and basolateral amygdala were examined using three different tests sensitive to the following stress-related responses: exploratory behavior, pain reactivity, and immune responses. The most clear-cut results were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a citric acid aerosol as a smoking cessation aid.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend · June 1990 The satisfaction derived from smoking depends not only on the pharmacological effects of nicotine but also the sensory stimulation from smoke inhalation, particularly the tracheal 'scratch'. In a previous study, we found that a citric acid aerosol produces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transdermal nicotine facilitates smoking cessation.

Journal article Clin Pharmacol Ther · March 1990 The efficacy of a transdermal nicotine patch in facilitation of smoking cessation was evaluated in a randomized double-blind trial. Sixty-five smokers who were highly dependent on cigarettes participated in the study, which included a behavioral smoking-ce ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine and withdrawal effects on radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · March 1990 Rats were tested for choice accuracy in an eight-arm radial maze during and after chronic administration of nicotine via subcutaneously implanted glass and Silastic capsules. Nicotine administration significantly improved choice accuracy relative to contro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term effects of developmental halothane exposure on radial arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Brain Res · January 1, 1990 Chronic exposure of rats to low levels of halothane during development, a treatment which retards synaptogenesis, was found to cause a long-term impairment of choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze. In Expt. 1, the relative importance of dose level and dos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Low-nicotine regenerated smoke aerosol reduces desire for cigarettes.

Journal article J Subst Abuse · 1990 We have developed a method of producing an aerosol with many of the sensory qualities of cigarette smoke, but with only 3% of the tar and nicotine and none of the carbon monoxide of a typical commercial cigarette. The aerosol was generated from a suspensio ... Full text Link to item Cite

d-Amphetamine-induced "floating limb" syndrome in young rhesus monkeys.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1990 Acute d-amphetamine administration to young rhesus monkeys (N = 10) caused a motor syndrome of hypoactivity and chorea-like postures and motor movements which we have termed "floating limb". Frequently after subcutaneous injections of 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg d-am ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of the cognitive effects of combined muscarinic and nicotinic blockade.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · January 1990 Choice accuracy performance in the radial-arm maze is dependent upon the integrity of both the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Pharmacological blockade of either of these subtypes of cholinergic receptors with mecamylamine or scopolamine im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anticholinergic sensitivity following chronic nicotine administration as measured by radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Pharmacol · 1990 Chronic nicotine administration in rats has been previously found to improve choice accuracy performance of rats in the radial-arm maze. A nicotine-induced choice accuracy improvement was also seen in the current study. Rats were trained to asymptotic leve ... Link to item Cite

Suppressive effects of halothane on reactive synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of rats.

Journal article Brain Res · September 4, 1989 Reactive synaptogenesis was studied in the dentate gyrus of rats exposed to 100 parts per million of halothane for 15 days starting on the day after unilateral entorhinal lesioning. Halothane exposure markedly affected the replacement of synapses. Only 17% ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on oral activity in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · September 1989 Two experiments were performed to investigate the actions of the selective D1 blocker SCH 23390 and the selective D2 blocker sulpiride, on oral movements in rats; these were quantified by a human observer scoring vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), jaw tremo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reversal of a mecamylamine-induced cognitive deficit with the D2 agonist, LY 171555.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · August 1989 Pharmacological blockade of either nicotinic or muscarinic cholinergic receptors has been found to impair choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze. Simultaneous blockade of both of these receptor types causes an additive impairment. However, despite these co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nicotinic-dopaminergic relationships and radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · July 1989 Accurate performance on the radial-arm maze is dependent upon the integrity of nicotinic-cholinergic, muscarinic-cholinergic, and dopaminergic systems. Pharmacological blockade of these systems with mecamylamine, scopolamine, or haloperidol impairs choice ... Full text Link to item Cite

D1 and D2 dopamine receptor interactions with pilocarpine-induced oral activity in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · July 1989 To investigate the relationship between dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) systems in the control of oral movement, we studied the effects of specific D1 and D2 drugs on vacuous chewing movements induced by the muscarinic ACh agonist, pilocarpine. In pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Controlling puff volume without disrupting smoking topography

Journal article Behavior Research Methods Instruments Computers · May 1, 1989 In studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of cigarette smoking, it is of critical importance to keep the dose of nicotine as constant as possible. This is difficult with smoking, because when the nicotine delivery of a cigarette is increased o ... Full text Cite

Mecamylamine increases nicotine preference and attenuates nicotine discrimination.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1989 Eight subjects evaluated various qualities of cigarette smoke after being given a range of doses (0, 2.5, 10 and 20 mg) of the nicotinic receptor blocker mecamylamine. In one test condition, subjects were given either high or low nicotine tobacco smoke to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of combined muscarinic and nicotinic blockade on choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · March 1989 Acetylcholine (ACh) systems have been found to be crucial for the maintenance of accurate cognitive performance. A great variety of studies have shown that the muscarinic ACh receptor blocker scopolamine impairs choice accuracy in the radial-arm maze. Rece ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morphological and behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to aspartame (Nutrasweet®) on rat pups

Journal article Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · January 1, 1989 Possible side effects of perinatal exposure to L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame) were studied by providing aspartame-containing water to female rats from 30 days before conception until the pups were 30 days of age. Compared with rat pups ... Full text Cite

Reduced glutamate decarboxylase activity in the subthalamic nucleus in patients with tardive dyskinesia.

Journal article Mov Disord · 1989 Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was measured in the nuclei of the basal ganglia in patients with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) and controls matched for age and premortem state. In five TD patients, who all had a sudden death, a signifi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic neuroleptic effects on spatial reversal learning in monkeys.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1989 Cebus apella monkeys were chronically administered the antipsychotic drug fluphenazine decanoate for periods ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 years. In the present study, four of these monkeys and two controls were tested for cognitive abilities on a spatial learni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of perinatal PCB exposure on discrimination-reversal learning in monkeys.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1989 Monkeys exposed to PCB mixtures during gestation and lactation were tested on two-choice discrimination-reversal learning (DR). In Experiment 1, offspring of mothers fed 1.0 ppm Aroclor 1248, and offspring born 1.5 years after maternal exposure to 2.5 ppm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Radial-arm maze performance in rats is impaired by a combination of nicotinic-cholinergic and D2 dopaminergic antagonist drugs.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1989 Performance on the radial-arm maze depends on the integrity of both cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. We have previously found that administration of either the nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist, mecamylamine, or the muscarinic-cholinergic antagonist, s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobiochemical changes in tardive dyskinesia.

Journal article Encephale · September 1988 There is evidence for the view that both up- and downregulation of nigral GABA may give rise to dyskinetic movements. Intranigral infusion of GABA agonists causes stereotyped licking and gnawing in rats, while intranigral GABA antagonists produce vacuous c ... Link to item Cite

Scopolamine interactions with D1 and D2 antagonists on radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · September 1988 Recent evidence indicates that acetylcholine and dopamine play complementary roles in cognitive as well as motor functions. In our previous study, the dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol, was found to attenuate the radial-arm maze choice accuracy defici ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral effects of developmental lead exposure in rhesus monkeys.

Journal article Dev Psychobiol · May 1988 Postnatal lead exposure has been found to cause long-term learning and memory deficits in monkeys. Pulse-chronic exposure, consisting of acute high-level exposure followed by chronic lower-level exposure, has been particularly effective in causing these im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in radial-arm maze performance.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · March 1988 Although acetylcholine and dopamine are believed to play complementary roles in motor function, a comparable neurochemical interaction has not been established for cognitive function. The muscarinic receptor blocker scopolamine and the dopaminergic antagon ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characteristics of oral movements in rats during and after chronic haloperidol and fluphenazine administration.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1988 Rats were chronically administered either haloperidol (HAL) or fluphenazine (FLU) via depot injections for 8 months, given these same drugs in their drinking water for the next 2 months, and then withdrawn from the drugs. Throughout the experiment the anim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delayed spatial alternation deficits resulting from perinatal PCB exposure in monkeys.

Journal article Arch Toxicol · 1988 Monkeys exposed to low, chronic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in utero and during nursing until 4 months after birth were tested at 4-6 years of age on delayed spatial alternation (DSA), a spatial learning and memory task. Deficits in performa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychopharmacological effects in the radial-arm maze.

Journal article Neurosci Biobehav Rev · 1988 The radial-arm maze (RAM) has become a very widely used method for assessing spatial memory in rodents. It has proven to be quite useful in the investigation of the effects of a variety of pharmacological manipulations on spatial memory. The cholinergic sy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term effects of chronic postnatal lead exposure on delayed spatial alternation in monkeys.

Journal article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 1988 Two cohorts of monkeys chronically exposed to lead during the first year after birth and their controls were tested during adulthood for choice accuracy on a learning and memory task, delayed spatial alternation (DSA). Neither cohort showed significant lea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral effects of acute hexamethonium in rats chronically intoxicated with nicotine.

Journal article Physiol Behav · 1988 To investigate the effects of chronic nicotine administration on feeding behavior, hexamethonium, a nicotinic blocker with mainly peripheral actions, was acutely given to rats during and after chronic nicotine administration. Nicotine decreased both the ti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic neuroleptics alter the effects of the D1 agonist SK&F 38393 and the D2 agonist LY171555 on oral movements in rats.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1988 Vacuous oral movements (OMs) in rats chronically administered haloperidol (HAL), fluphenazine (FLU), or no drug were studied following injections of one of three doses of either a D1 agonist (SK&F 38393) or a D2 agonist (LY171555). Oral movements were obse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurobehavioral effects of chronic halothane exposure during developmental and juvenile periods in the rat.

Journal article Exp Neurol · December 1987 Chronic exposure of rats to the surgical anesthetic agent halothane during development has been found to cause both neural and behavioral impairment. Among the halothane-induced deficits are retarded synaptogenesis and impaired spontaneous alternation. It ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroleptic-induced oral movements in rats: methodological issues.

Journal article Life Sci · September 21, 1987 In three separate experiments groups of rats were chronically administered neuroleptics in a variety of ways (chronic injections, subcutaneous implants, and decanoate injections) and examined for oral movements (OMs) in two different tests: in an open cage ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of the nicotinic receptor blocker mecamylamine on radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Behav Neural Biol · September 1987 Lesions of cholinergic neurons have been found by many investigators to impair choice accuracy in the radial arm maze. Because muscarinic receptor blockers, such as scopolamine, have also repeatedly been found to impair choice accuracy in the radial-arm ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of the analgesic effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788.

Journal article Brain Res · July 14, 1987 Three experiments were carried out in rats to evaluate the analgesic effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788. Expt. 1 demonstrated a diazepam reversible analgesic effect of Ro 15-1788 using the tail-flick test. Expt. 2 analyzed the effects of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Opposite effects of a D1 and a D2 agonist on oral movements in rats.

Journal article Eur J Pharmacol · January 28, 1987 Oral movements in rats administered one of three doses of either a D1 agonist (SK&F 38393) or a D2 agonist (LY171555) were observed via closed-circuit television and simultaneously recorded using a computerized video analysis system which measured the dist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Psychopharmacological investigations of a lead-induced long-term cognitive deficit in monkeys.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1987 This study investigated pharmacological manipulations of the cholinergic (ACh) and dopaminergic (DA) transmitter systems in monkeys with a long-term lead-induced cognitive deficit on delayed spatial alternation (DSA). Both ACh and DA have been found to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic nicotine and withdrawal effects on body weight and food and water consumption in female rats.

Journal article Physiol Behav · 1987 Female rats were used to examine the effects of chronic nicotine administration and withdrawal on food and water consumption and body weight. Rats with chronic nicotine pellet implants consumed significantly less food and water than controls for the first ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic haloperidol effects on oral movements and radial-arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · January 1987 Rats were examined for the development of adverse motor and cognitive effects during and after 24 weeks of chronic haloperidol (HAL) administration using an 8-arm maze and a computerized apparatus for measuring spontaneous oral movements. In the maze, HAL ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tremorous mouth movements in rats administered chronic neuroleptics.

Journal article Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 1987 Oral movements (OMs) in rats administered chronic haloperidol (HAL) were quantified simultaneously by a human observer and via a computerized video analysis system which monitored the distance between the upper and low lips using TV images. The human obser ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of the dopamine D-2 receptor agonist, LY 171555, on radial arm maze performance in rats.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · November 1986 Rats trained to run through an 8-arm radial maze for food reinforcement were injected with a broad range of doses of the dopamine D-2 receptor agonist, LY 171555. Deficits were detected by the choice measures of entries to repeat and arms entered in the fi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of halothane during development in rats.

Journal article Anesth Analg · June 1986 Long-term behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of halothane were evaluated in rats exposed to low (12.5 ppm) concentrations from day 2 of conception until either 30 (halothane-30) or 60 (halothane-60) days after birth. Rats similarl ... Link to item Cite

Scopolamine effects on Hamilton search task performance in monkeys.

Journal article Pharmacol Biochem Behav · April 1986 The Hamilton search task, a test of spatial memory, was given to adult monkeys after administration of scopolamine. Three monkeys had been exposed to lead during development and two were controls. The task consisted of opening eight boxes, one per trial, f ... Full text Link to item Cite

A visual exploration apparatus for infant monkeys

Journal article American Journal of Primatology · January 1, 1986 An apparatus was constructed to study visual exploration in infant rhesus macaques. It consisted of an enclosed two‐chamber box with a peephole at each end. The floor was made of stainless steel bars, and the walls and top were made of Plexiglas covered wi ... Full text Cite

Long-term lead effects on the Hamilton Search Task and delayed alternation in monkeys.

Journal article Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol · 1986 Exposure of rhesus monkeys to lead during the first year after birth resulted in cognitive deficits when the monkeys were tested as adults (5-6 years of age). A pronounced lead-related deficit was detected in the test of Delayed Spatial Alternation (DSA), ... Link to item Cite

Behavioral evaluation of perinatal PCB exposure in rhesus monkeys: fixed-interval performance and reinforcement-omission.

Journal article Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol · 1986 Two experiments were conducted to examine the prolonged behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, Aroclor 1248) in rhesus monkeys. Experiment I involved testing a group of three monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm ... Link to item Cite

A model for tardive dyskinesia: The effects of chronic fluphenazine decanoate on guinea pigs

Journal article Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society · January 1, 1986 Cite

Analgesia produced by the benzodiazepine antagonist R015-1788

Journal article Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society · January 1, 1986 Cite

Effects of halothane on the development of rat brain: a golgi study of dendritic growth.

Journal article Exp Neurol · September 1985 Dendritic growth was studied in rats exposed to halothane in utero for the entire gestation period and 60 days after birth. The exposure conditions were control, intermittent halothane (25 +/- 5 ppm or 100 +/- 5 ppm, 8 h/day, 5 days/week), or continuous ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of halothane on synaptogenesis and learning behavior in rats.

Journal article Exp Neurol · September 1985 Synaptic density was quantitated in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum of rats at 5, 21, 34, and 95 postnatal days. These rats were offspring of mothers that had been subjected to four different concentrations of halothane during gestation and for 60 days ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of pre- or postnatal lead exposure on Hamilton Search Task in monkeys.

Journal article Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol · 1983 Rhesus monkeys were exposed to low, chronic levels of lead acetate either pre- or postnatally. Considerable neural and behavioral evidence indicates that the hippocampus is preferentially affected by low-level lead exposure. Hippocampal dysfunction is know ... Link to item Cite

Effects of zinc deficiency on lead toxicity in rats.

Journal article Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol · 1983 The effect of zinc deficiency on the toxicity of dietary lead in rats, as measured by body weight changes, tissue lead retention, and choice behavior in a complex maze was studied. Weanling rats were fed a zinc-free semipurified diet which was supplemented ... Link to item Cite