Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Duke University 1992 - 1995
  • Medical Resident, Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston 1989 - 1992
  • M.D., University of Virginia 1989
• 

  Previous Appointments & Affiliations

  • Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2011 - 2020
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2017 - 2019
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2016 - 2018
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2015 - 2017
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2014 - 2016
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2013 - 2015
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2012 - 2014
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2011 - 2013
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2010 - 2012
  • Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2009 - 2011
  • Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2006 - 2010
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2008 - 2010
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2007 - 2009
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2006 - 2008
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2005 - 2007
  • Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2005 - 2006
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2004 - 2006
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2003 - 2005
  • Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1997 - 2005
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2002 - 2004
  • Assistant Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2002 - 2003
  • Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2000 - 2002
  • Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2000 - 2001
  • Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1995 - 1996
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • VTEU Task Order 13-0045.C1D1.0062 - Task C Option 1 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
  • Epidemiology/General Communicable Disease Control awarded by NC DHHS 2021
  • UNC Margolis Training Agreement - Sung awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2013
  • International Clinical Trials Unit awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2009
  • C. neoformans cAMP signaling and pathogenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2009
  • Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Unit awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2006
  • Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Unit (Administrative Supplement 2) awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2006
  • same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2003
  • Ras signaling in C. neoformans virulence and development awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2003
  • same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2002
  • Molecular Pathogenesis Of Cryptococcal Meningitis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1998
  • Molecular Pathogenesis Of Crytococcal Miningitis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1998
• 

  External Relationships

  • UpToDate, Inc
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Mourad, Ahmad, Nicholas A. Turner, Arthur W. Baker, Nwora Lance Okeke, Shanti Narayanasamy, Robert Rolfe, John J. Engemann, Gary M. Cox, and Jason E. Stout. “Social Disadvantage, Politics, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Trends: A County-level Analysis of United States Data.” Clin Infect Dis 72, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): e604–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1374.
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    • Bonnewell, John P., Laura Farrow, Kristen V. Dicks, Gary M. Cox, and Jason E. Stout. “Geographic analysis of latent tuberculosis screening: A health system approach.” Plos One 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242055.
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    • Turner, Nicholas, Andrew Strand, Dilraj S. Grewal, Gary Cox, Sana Arif, Arthur W. Baker, Eileen K. Maziarz, Jennifer H. Saullo, and Cameron R. Wolfe. “Use of Letermovir as Salvage Therapy for Drug-Resistant Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 63, no. 3 (March 2019). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02337-18.
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    • Hemmersbach-Miller, Marion, Jason E. Stout, Michael H. Woodworth, Gary M. Cox, and Jennifer L. Saullo. “Nocardia infections in the transplanted host.” Transpl Infect Dis 20, no. 4 (August 2018): e12902. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.12902.
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    • Bednasz, Cindy J., Charles S. Venuto, Qing Ma, Eric S. Daar, Paul E. Sax, Margaret A. Fischl, Ann C. Collier, et al. “Efavirenz Therapeutic Range in HIV-1 Treatment-Naive Participants.” Ther Drug Monit 39, no. 6 (December 2017): 596–603. https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000000443.
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    • Clifton, Dana C., Meredith E. Clement, Thomas L. Holland, Gary M. Cox, Kristen V. Dicks, and Jason E. Stout. “Suboptimal HIV Testing Among Patients Admitted With Pneumonia: A Missed Opportunity.” Aids Educ Prev 29, no. 4 (August 2017): 377–88. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.4.377.
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    • Woodworth, Michael H., Jennifer L. Saullo, Paul M. Lantos, Gary M. Cox, and Jason E. Stout. “Increasing Nocardia Incidence Associated with Bronchiectasis at a Tertiary Care Center.” Ann Am Thorac Soc 14, no. 3 (March 2017): 347–54. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201611-907OC.
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    • Lewis, Sarah S., Gary M. Cox, and Jason E. Stout. “Clinical utility of indium 111-labeled white blood cell scintigraphy for evaluation of suspected infection.” Open Forum Infect Dis 1, no. 2 (September 2014): ofu089. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofu089.
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    • Goswami, Neela D., Jason E. Stout, William C. Miller, Emily J. Hecker, Gary M. Cox, Brianna L. Norton, and Arlene C. Sena. “The footprint of old syphilis: using a reverse screening algorithm for syphilis testing in a U.S. Geographic Information Systems-Based Community Outreach Program.” Sex Transm Dis 40, no. 11 (November 2013): 839–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000025.
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    • Ormerod, Kate L., Carl A. Morrow, Eve W. L. Chow, I Russel Lee, Samantha D. M. Arras, Horst Joachim Schirra, Gary M. Cox, Bettina C. Fries, and James A. Fraser. “Comparative Genomics of Serial Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans Reveals Gene Associated With Carbon Utilization and Virulence.” G3 (Bethesda) 3, no. 4 (April 9, 2013): 675–86. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.005660.
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    • Culton, Donna A., Anne M. Lachiewicz, Becky A. Miller, Melissa B. Miller, Courteney Mackuen, Pamela Groben, Becky White, Gary M. Cox, and Jason E. Stout. “Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after fractionated CO(2) laser resurfacing.” Emerg Infect Dis 19, no. 3 (March 2013): 365–70. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1903.120880.
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    • Atkinson, Benjamin E., Supriya Krishnan, Gary Cox, Todd Hulgan, and Ann C. Collier. “Anthropometric differences between HIV-infected individuals prior to antiretroviral treatment and the general population from 1998-2007: the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) cohort and NHANES.” Plos One 8, no. 6 (2013): e65306. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065306.
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    • Chastain, Cody A., Gary M. Cox, and Mark A. Powers. “Dyspnea and hypoxia in a 64-year-old male traveler.” Chest 142, no. 2 (August 2012): 532–35. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2654.
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    • Campbell, Thomas B., Laura M. Smeaton, N. Kumarasamy, Timothy Flanigan, Karin L. Klingman, Cynthia Firnhaber, Beatriz Grinsztejn, et al. “Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1: a randomized clinical trial in diverse multinational settings.” Plos Med 9, no. 8 (2012): e1001290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001290.
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    • Goswami, Neela D., Emily J. Hecker, Carter Vickery, Marshall A. Ahearn, Gary M. Cox, David P. Holland, Susanna Naggie, et al. “Geographic information system-based screening for TB, HIV, and syphilis (GIS-THIS): a cross-sectional study.” Plos One 7, no. 10 (2012): e46029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046029.
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    • Goswami, Neela D., Emily Hecker, David P. Holland, Susanna Naggie, Gary M. Cox, Ann Mosher, Debbie Turner, et al. “Feasibility and willingness-to-pay for integrated community-based tuberculosis testing.” Bmc Infect Dis 11 (November 2, 2011): 305. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-305.
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    • Stout, Jason E., L Beth Gadkowski, Shadia Rath, James A. Alspaugh, Melissa B. Miller, and Gary M. Cox. “Pedicure-associated rapidly growing mycobacterial infection: an endemic disease.” Clin Infect Dis 53, no. 8 (October 2011): 787–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir539.
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    • Person, Anna K., Neela D. Goswami, Deborah J. Bissette, Debra S. Turner, Ann V. Baker, L Beth Gadkowski, Susanna Naggie, et al. “Pairing QuantiFERON gold in-tube with opt-out HIV testing in a tuberculosis contact investigation in the Southeastern United States.” Aids Patient Care Stds 24, no. 9 (September 2010): 539–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2010.0102.
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    • Taylor, Steve M., Cameron R. Wolfe, Terry C. Dixon, David S. Ruch, and Gary M. Cox. “Wound botulism complicating internal fixation of a complex radial fracture.” J Clin Microbiol 48, no. 2 (February 2010): 650–53. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01258-09.
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    • Taylor, Steve M., Jun-Yang Lou, and Gary M. Cox. “Thanks for the memories.” Am J Med 122, no. 9 (September 2009): 827–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.003.
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    • Byrnes, Edmond J., Wenjun Li, Yonathan Lewit, John R. Perfect, Dee A. Carter, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “First reported case of Cryptococcus gattii in the Southeastern USA: implications for travel-associated acquisition of an emerging pathogen.” Plos One 4, no. 6 (June 10, 2009): e5851. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005851.
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    • Cox, G. M., D. T. Durack, and J. R. Perfect. “Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System,” January 1, 2008, 899–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044306707-5.50051-1.
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    • Wormley, Floyd L., John R. Perfect, Chad Steele, and Gary M. Cox. “Protection against cryptococcosis by using a murine gamma interferon-producing Cryptococcus neoformans strain.” Infect Immun 75, no. 3 (March 2007): 1453–62. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00274-06.
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    • Liu, Min, Ping Du, Garrett Heinrich, Gary M. Cox, and Angie Gelli. “Cch1 mediates calcium entry in Cryptococcus neoformans and is essential in low-calcium environments.” Eukaryot Cell 5, no. 10 (October 2006): 1788–96. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00158-06.
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    • Petzold, Elizabeth Wills, Uwe Himmelreich, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Thomas Rude, Dena Toffaletti, Gary M. Cox, Jackie L. Miller, and John R. Perfect. “Characterization and regulation of the trehalose synthesis pathway and its importance in the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 74, no. 10 (October 2006): 5877–87. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00624-06.
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    • Bahn, Yong-Sun, Kaihei Kojima, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual development, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Biol Cell 17, no. 7 (July 2006): 3122–35. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0113.
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    • Fraser, James A., Shirlene M. C. Lim, Stephanie Diezmann, Emily C. Wenink, Cristl G. Arndt, Gary M. Cox, Fred S. Dietrich, and Joseph Heitman. “Yeast diversity sampling on the San Juan Islands reveals no evidence for the spread of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak to this locale.” Fems Yeast Res 6, no. 4 (June 2006): 620–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00075.x.
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    • Xue, Chaoyang, Yong-Sun Bahn, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Biol Cell 17, no. 2 (February 2006): 667–79. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0699.
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    • Bahn, Yong-Sun, Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “Carbonic anhydrase and CO2 sensing during Cryptococcus neoformans growth, differentiation, and virulence.” Curr Biol 15, no. 22 (November 22, 2005): 2013–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.047.
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    • Nielsen, Kirsten, Robert E. Marra, Ferry Hagen, Teun Boekhout, Thomas G. Mitchell, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Interaction between genetic background and the mating-type locus in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence potential.” Genetics 171, no. 3 (November 2005): 975–83. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.045039.
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    • Ribeiro, Mariceli A., C. R. Paula, R. John, John R. Perfect, and Gary M. Cox. “Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of fluconazole resistance in vaginal Candida strains isolated from HIV-infected women from Brazil.” Med Mycol 43, no. 7 (November 2005): 647–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780500093838.
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    • Nielsen, Kirsten, Gary M. Cox, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Stephanie D. Malliaris, Daniel K. Benjamin, Steven S. Giles, et al. “Cryptococcus neoformans {alpha} strains preferentially disseminate to the central nervous system during coinfection.” Infect Immun 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 4922–33. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.8.4922-4933.2005.
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    • Wormley, F. L., G. Heinrich, J. L. Miller, J. R. Perfect, and G. M. Cox. “Identification and characterization of an SKN7 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 5022–30. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.8.5022-5030.2005.
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    • Bahn, Yong-Sun, Kaihei Kojima, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Specialization of the HOG pathway and its impact on differentiation and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Biol Cell 16, no. 5 (May 2005): 2285–2300. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-11-0987.
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    • Wormley, Floyd L., Gary M. Cox, and John R. Perfect. “Evaluation of host immune responses to pulmonary cryptococcosis using a temperature-sensitive C. neoformans calcineurin A mutant strain.” Microb Pathog 38, no. 2–3 (February 2005): 113–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2004.12.007.
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    • Giles, Steven S., Ines Batinic-Haberle, John R. Perfect, and Gary M. Cox. “Cryptococcus neoformans mitochondrial superoxide dismutase: an essential link between antioxidant function and high-temperature growth.” Eukaryot Cell 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.4.1.46-54.2005.
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    • Giles, Steven S., John R. Perfect, and Gary M. Cox. “Cytochrome c peroxidase contributes to the antioxidant defense of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Fungal Genet Biol 42, no. 1 (January 2005): 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2004.09.003.
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    • Pukkila-Worley, Read, Quincy D. Gerrald, Peter R. Kraus, Marie-Josée Boily, Matthew J. Davis, Steven S. Giles, Gary M. Cox, Joseph Heitman, and J Andrew Alspaugh. “Transcriptional network of multiple capsule and melanin genes governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans cyclic AMP cascade.” Eukaryot Cell 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.4.1.190-201.2005.
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    • Bahn, Yong-Sun, Julie K. Hicks, Steven S. Giles, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein Aca1 regulates virulence and differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A cascade.” Eukaryot Cell 3, no. 6 (December 2004): 1476–91. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.3.6.1476-1491.2004.
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    • Wang, Ping, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “A Sch9 protein kinase homologue controlling virulence independently of the cAMP pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Curr Genet 46, no. 5 (November 2004): 247–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-004-0529-1.
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    • Kraus, Peter R., Marie-Josée Boily, Steven S. Giles, Jason E. Stajich, Andria Allen, Gary M. Cox, Fred S. Dietrich, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans temperature-regulated genes with a genomic-DNA microarray.” Eukaryot Cell 3, no. 5 (October 2004): 1249–60. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.3.5.1249-1260.2004.
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    • Pascon, Renata C., Tonya M. Ganous, Joanne M. Kingsbury, Gary M. Cox, and John H. McCusker. “Cryptococcus neoformans methionine synthase: expression analysis and requirement for virulence.” Microbiology (Reading) 150, no. Pt 9 (September 2004): 3013–23. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27235-0.
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    • D’Souza, Cletus A., Ferry Hagen, Teun Boekhout, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Investigation of the basis of virulence in serotype A strains of Cryptococcus neoformans from apparently immunocompetent individuals.” Curr Genet 46, no. 2 (August 2004): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-004-0511-y.
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    • Hull, Christina M., Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “The alpha-specific cell identity factor Sxi1alpha is not required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 72, no. 6 (June 2004): 3643–45. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.6.3643-3645.2004.
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    • Kingsbury, Joanne M., Zhonghui Yang, Tonya M. Ganous, Gary M. Cox, and John H. McCusker. “Novel chimeric spermidine synthase-saccharopine dehydrogenase gene (SPE3-LYS9) in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 752–63. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.3.3.752-763.2004.
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    • Kingsbury, Joanne M., Zhonghui Yang, Tonya M. Ganous, Gary M. Cox, and John H. McCusker. “Cryptococcus neoformans Ilv2p confers resistance to sulfometuron methyl and is required for survival at 37 degrees C and in vivo.” Microbiology (Reading) 150, no. Pt 5 (May 2004): 1547–58. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26928-0.
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    • Olszewski, Michal A., Mairi C. Noverr, Gwo-Hsiao Chen, Galen B. Toews, Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, and Gary B. Huffnagle. “Urease expression by Cryptococcus neoformans promotes microvascular sequestration, thereby enhancing central nervous system invasion.” Am J Pathol 164, no. 5 (May 2004): 1761–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63734-0.
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    • Hicks, Julie K., Cletus A. D’Souza, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits have divergent roles in virulence factor production in two varieties of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 3, no. 1 (February 2004): 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.3.1.14-26.2004.
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    • Kingsbury, J. M., Z. Yang, T. M. Ganous, G. M. Cox, and J. H. McCusker. “Cryptococcus neoformans Ilv2p confers resistance to sulfometuron methyl and is required for survival at 37 °C and in vivo.” Microbiology 150, no. 5 (2004): 1547–58.
    • Jesús-Berríos, Marisol de, Limin Liu, Jesse C. Nussbaum, Gary M. Cox, Jonathan S. Stamler, and Joseph Heitman. “Enzymes that counteract nitrosative stress promote fungal virulence.” Curr Biol 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2003): 1963–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.10.029.
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    • Akhter, Shamima, Henry C. McDade, Jenifer M. Gorlach, Garrett Heinrich, Gary M. Cox, and John R. Perfect. “Role of alternative oxidase gene in pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 71, no. 10 (October 2003): 5794–5802. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.10.5794-5802.2003.
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    • Fox, Deborah S., Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Phospholipid-binding protein Cts1 controls septation and functions coordinately with calcineurin in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 2, no. 5 (October 2003): 1025–35. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.2.5.1025-1035.2003.
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    • Luberto, Chiara, Beatriz Martinez-Mariño, Daniel Taraskiewicz, Benjamin Bolaños, Pasquale Chitano, Dena L. Toffaletti, Gary M. Cox, et al. “Identification of App1 as a regulator of phagocytosis and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” J Clin Invest 112, no. 7 (October 2003): 1080–94. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI18309.
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    • Nielsen, Kirsten, Gary M. Cox, Ping Wang, Dena L. Toffaletti, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolates.” Infect Immun 71, no. 9 (September 2003): 4831–41. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.9.4831-4841.2003.
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    • Davidson, Robert C., Connie B. Nichols, Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “A MAP kinase cascade composed of cell type specific and non-specific elements controls mating and differentiation of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Microbiol 49, no. 2 (July 2003): 469–85. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03563.x.
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    • Kraus, Peter R., Deborah S. Fox, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “The Cryptococcus neoformans MAP kinase Mpk1 regulates cell integrity in response to antifungal drugs and loss of calcineurin function.” Mol Microbiol 48, no. 5 (June 2003): 1377–87. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03508.x.
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    • Noverr, Mairi C., Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, and Gary B. Huffnagle. “Role of PLB1 in pulmonary inflammation and cryptococcal eicosanoid production.” Infect Immun 71, no. 3 (March 2003): 1538–47. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.3.1538-1547.2003.
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    • Cox, Gary M., Thomas S. Harrison, Henry C. McDade, Carlos P. Taborda, Garrett Heinrich, Arturo Casadevall, and John R. Perfect. “Superoxide dismutase influences the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans by affecting growth within macrophages.” Infect Immun 71, no. 1 (January 2003): 173–80. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.173-180.2003.
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    • Rude, Thomas H., Dena L. Toffaletti, Gary M. Cox, and John R. Perfect. “Relationship of the glyoxylate pathway to the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 70, no. 10 (October 2002): 5684–94. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.10.5684-5694.2002.
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    • Yang, Zhonghui, Renata C. Pascon, Andrew Alspaugh, Gary M. Cox, and John H. McCusker. “Molecular and genetic analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans MET3 gene and a met3 mutant.” Microbiology (Reading) 148, no. Pt 8 (August 2002): 2617–25. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-8-2617.
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    • Shen, Wei-Chiang, Robert C. Davidson, Gary M. Cox, and Joseph Heitman. “Pheromones stimulate mating and differentiation via paracrine and autocrine signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 1, no. 3 (June 2002): 366–77. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.1.3.366-377.2002.
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    • Wright, Lesley C., Sharon C. A. Chen, Christabel F. Wilson, Mukoma F. Simpanya, Rebecca Blackstock, Gary M. Cox, Juneann W. Murphy, and Tania C. Sorrell. “Strain-dependent effects of environmental signals on the production of extracellular phospholipase by Cryptococcus neoformans.” Fems Microbiol Lett 209, no. 2 (April 9, 2002): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11128.x.
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    • Wang, Ping, Connie B. Nichols, Klaus B. Lengeler, Maria E. Cardenas, Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “Mating-type-specific and nonspecific PAK kinases play shared and divergent roles in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 1, no. 2 (April 2002): 257–72. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.1.2.257-272.2002.
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    • Alspaugh, J Andrew, Read Pukkila-Worley, Toshiaki Harashima, Lora M. Cavallo, Deanna Funnell, Gary M. Cox, John R. Perfect, James W. Kronstad, and Joseph Heitman. “Adenylyl cyclase functions downstream of the Galpha protein Gpa1 and controls mating and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Eukaryot Cell 1, no. 1 (February 2002): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.1.1.75-84.2002.
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    • Gorlach, J. M., H. C. McDade, J. R. Perfect, and G. M. Cox. “Antisense repression in Cryptococcus neoformans as a laboratory tool and potential antifungal strategy.” Microbiology 148, no. 1 (2002): 213–19.
    • Gorlach, Jenifer M., Henry C. McDade, John R. Perfect, and Gary M. Cox. “Antisense repression in Cryptococcus neoformans as a laboratory tool and potential antifungal strategy.” Microbiology (Reading) 148, no. Pt 1 (January 2002): 213–19. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-1-213.
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    • Waugh, M. S., C. B. Nichols, C. M. DeCesare, G. M. Cox, J. Heitman, and J. A. Alspaugh. “Ras1 and Ras2 contribute shared and unique roles in physiology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Microbiology 148, no. 1 (2002): 191–201.
    • Waugh, Michael S., Connie B. Nichols, Cameron M. DeCesare, Gary M. Cox, Joseph Heitman, and J Andrew Alspaugh. “Ras1 and Ras2 contribute shared and unique roles in physiology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Microbiology (Reading) 148, no. Pt 1 (January 2002): 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-1-191.
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    • Yang, Z., R. C. Pascon, J. A. Alspaugh, G. M. Cox, and J. H. McCusker. “Molecular and genetic analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans MET3 gene and a met3 mutant.” Microbiology 148, no. 8 (2002): 2617–25.
    • Perfect, J. R., G. M. Cox, J. Y. Lee, C. A. Kauffman, L. de Repentigny, S. W. Chapman, V. A. Morrison, et al. “The impact of culture isolation of Aspergillus species: a hospital-based survey of aspergillosis.” Clin Infect Dis 33, no. 11 (December 1, 2001): 1824–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/323900.
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    • Gottfredsson, M., C. J. Jessup, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and M. A. Ghannoum. “Fungal phospholipase activity and susceptibility to lipid preparations of amphotericin B.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45, no. 11 (November 2001): 3231–33. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.11.3231-3233.2001.
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    • Wang, P., M. E. Cardenas, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. “Two cyclophilin A homologs with shared and distinct functions important for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Embo Rep 2, no. 6 (June 2001): 511–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/embo-reports/kve109.
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    • D’Souza, C. A., J. A. Alspaugh, C. Yue, T. Harashima, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. “Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Cell Biol 21, no. 9 (May 2001): 3179–91. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.9.3179-3191.2001.
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    • Wills, E. A., I. S. Roberts, M. Del Poeta, J. Rivera, A. Casadevall, G. M. Cox, and J. R. Perfect. “Identification and characterization of the Cryptococcus neoformans phosphomannose isomerase-encoding gene, MAN1, and its impact on pathogenicity.” Mol Microbiol 40, no. 3 (May 2001): 610–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02401.x.
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    • Fox, D. S., M. C. Cruz, R. A. Sia, H. Ke, G. M. Cox, M. E. Cardenas, and J. Heitman. “Calcineurin regulatory subunit is essential for virulence and mediates interactions with FKBP12-FK506 in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Microbiol 39, no. 4 (February 2001): 835–49. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02295.x.
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    • Hopfer, R. L., S. D. Sparks, and G. M. Cox. “The use of flow cytometry as a tool for monitoring filament formation of fungi.” Med Mycol 39, no. 1 (February 2001): 103–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/mmy.39.1.103.107.
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    • McDade, H. C., and G. M. Cox. “A new dominant selectable marker for use in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Med Mycol 39, no. 1 (February 2001): 151–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/mmy.39.1.151.154.
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    • Cox, G. M., H. C. McDade, S. C. Chen, S. C. Tucker, M. Gottfredsson, L. C. Wright, T. C. Sorrell, et al. “Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Microbiol 39, no. 1 (January 2001): 166–75. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02236.x.
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    • Lengeler, K. B., G. M. Cox, and J. Heitman. “Serotype AD strains of Cryptococcus neoformans are diploid or aneuploid and are heterozygous at the mating-type locus.” Infect Immun 69, no. 1 (January 2001): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.1.115-122.2001.
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    • Lengeler, K. B., P. Wang, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. “Identification of the MATa mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans reveals a serotype A MATa strain thought to have been extinct.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, no. 26 (December 19, 2000): 14455–60. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.26.14455.
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    • Perfect, J. R., and G. M. Cox. “Virulence mechanisms for fungi, Part II.” Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 121–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-4399(01)80001-5.
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    • Perfect, J. R., and G. M. Cox. “Virulence mechanisms for fungi, Part I.” Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 22, no. 15 (August 1, 2000): 113–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-4399(00)90003-5.
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    • Görlach, J., D. S. Fox, N. S. Cutler, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. “Identification and characterization of a highly conserved calcineurin binding protein, CBP1/calcipressin, in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Embo J 19, no. 14 (July 17, 2000): 3618–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.14.3618.
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    • Cox, G. M., M. C. Lawless, S. P. Cassin, and T. W. Geoghegan. “Syringe exchanges: a public health response to problem drug use.” Ir Med J 93, no. 5 (July 2000): 143–46.
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    • Rosas, A. L., J. D. Nosanchuk, M. Feldmesser, G. M. Cox, H. C. McDade, and A. Casadevall. “Synthesis of polymerized melanin by Cryptococcus neoformans in infected rodents.” Infect Immun 68, no. 5 (May 2000): 2845–53. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.5.2845-2853.2000.
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    • Cox, G. M., J. Mukherjee, G. T. Cole, A. Casadevall, and J. R. Perfect. “Urease as a virulence factor in experimental cryptococcosis.” Infect Immun 68, no. 2 (February 2000): 443–48. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.2.443-448.2000.
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    • Cruz, M. C., R. A. Sia, M. Olson, G. M. Cox, and J. Heitman. “Comparison of the roles of calcineurin in physiology and virulence in serotype D and serotype A strains of Cryptococcus neoformans.” Infect Immun 68, no. 2 (February 2000): 982–85. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.2.982-985.2000.
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    • Klein, R. S., J. H. Arnsten, and J. D. Sobel. “Oropharyngeal Candida colonization and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.” J Infect Dis 181, no. 2 (February 2000): 812–13. https://doi.org/10.1086/315290.
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    • Yue, C., L. M. Cavallo, J. A. Alspaugh, P. Wang, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and J. Heitman. “The STE12alpha homolog is required for haploid filamentation but largely dispensable for mating and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Genetics 153, no. 4 (December 1999): 1601–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1601.
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    • Gottfredsson, M., G. M. Cox, O. S. Indridason, G. M. de Almeida, A. E. Heald, and J. R. Perfect. “Association of plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA and oropharyngeal Candida colonization.” J Infect Dis 180, no. 2 (August 1999): 534–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/314887.
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    • Perfect, John R., and Gary M. Cox. “Drug resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Drug Resist Updat 2, no. 4 (August 1999): 259–69. https://doi.org/10.1054/drup.1999.0090.
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    • Cruz, M. C., L. M. Cavallo, J. M. Görlach, G. Cox, J. R. Perfect, M. E. Cardenas, and J. Heitman. “Rapamycin antifungal action is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and TOR kinase homologs in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Mol Cell Biol 19, no. 6 (June 1999): 4101–12. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.19.6.4101.
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    • Harper, H. J., C. E. Hodge, G. M. Cox, and M. W. Woolfolk. “African-American women: leadership in transition.” J Dent Educ 63, no. 3 (March 1999): 281–87.
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    • Gottfredsson, M., G. M. Cox, and J. R. Perfect. “Molecular methods for epidemiological and diagnostic studies of fungal infections.” Pathology 30, no. 4 (November 1998): 405–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313029800169726.
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    • Cox, G. M., D. L. Toffaletti, and J. R. Perfect. “Dominant selection system for use in Cryptococcus neoformans.” J Med Vet Mycol 34, no. 6 (November 1996): 385–91.
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    • Perfect, J. R., G. M. Cox, R. K. Dodge, and W. A. Schell. “In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40, no. 8 (August 1996): 1910–13. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.40.8.1910.
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    • Heald, A. E., G. M. Cox, W. A. Schell, J. A. Bartlett, and J. R. Perfect. “Oropharyngeal yeast flora and fluconazole resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term continuous versus intermittent fluconazole therapy.” Aids 10, no. 3 (March 1996): 263–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199603000-00004.
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    • Cox, G. M., D. L. Toffaletti, and J. R. Perfect. “Dominant selection system for use in Cryptococcus neoformans.” Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 34, no. 6 (January 1, 1996): 385–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219680000691.
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    • Cox, G. M., and D. J. Sexton. “Photo quiz. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.” Clin Infect Dis 21, no. 2 (August 1995): 315–429.
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    • Cox, G. M., T. H. Rude, C. C. Dykstra, and J. R. Perfect. “The actin gene from Cryptococcus neoformans: structure and phylogenetic analysis.” J Med Vet Mycol 33, no. 4 (July 1995): 261–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219580000521.
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    • Cox, G. M., and D. J. Sexton. “Answer to photo quiz (see page 315).” Clinical Infectious Diseases 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 429. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.2.429.
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    • Cox, G. M., and D. J. Sexton. “Photo quiz.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1995). https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.2.315.
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    • Cox, G. M., W. A. Schell, R. L. Scher, and J. R. Perfect. “First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease.” J Clin Microbiol 32, no. 9 (September 1994): 2301–4. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.32.9.2301-2304.1994.
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    • Perfect, J. R., N. Ketabchi, G. M. Cox, C. W. Ingram, and C. L. Beiser. “Karyotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans as an epidemiological tool.” J Clin Microbiol 31, no. 12 (December 1993): 3305–9. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.31.12.3305-3309.1993.
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    • Cox, G. M., and J. R. Perfect. “Fungal infections.” Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 6, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 422–26.
    • Phillips, L. H., J. C. Torner, M. S. Anderson, and G. M. Cox. “The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in central and western Virginia.” Neurology 42, no. 10 (October 1992): 1888–93. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.42.10.1888.
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    • Pearson, R. D., G. Cox, S. M. Jeronimo, J. Castracane, J. S. Drew, T. Evans, and J. E. de Alencar. “Visceral leishmaniasis: a model for infection-induced cachexia.” Am J Trop Med Hyg 47, no. 1 Pt 2 (July 1992): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.8.
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    • Easton, D. F., G. M. Cox, A. M. Macdonald, and B. A. Ponder. “The study of nevi in British twins: study design and description of the data set.” Cytogenet Cell Genet 59, no. 2–3 (1992): 165–66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000133233.
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    • Easton, D. F., G. M. Cox, A. M. Macdonald, and B. A. Ponder. “Genetic susceptibility to naevi--a twin study.” Br J Cancer 64, no. 6 (December 1991): 1164–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1991.483.
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    • Pearson, R. D., G. Cox, T. Evans, D. L. Smith, D. Weidel, and J. Castracane. “Wasting and macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and interleukin 1 in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.” Am J Trop Med Hyg 43, no. 6 (December 1990): 640–49. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1990.43.640.
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    • Thwaites, M. S., and G. M. Cox. “The psychosocial aspects of adolescent pregnancy: a dental perspective.” Asdc J Dent Child 53, no. 5 (September 1986): 371–74.
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    • Cox, G. M. “A study of oral pain experience in sickle cell patients.” Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 58, no. 1 (July 1984): 39–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90361-x.
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    • Cox, G. M., and N. N. Soni. “Pathological effects of sickle cell anemia on the pulp.” Asdc J Dent Child 51, no. 2 (March 1984): 128–32.
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    • Cox, G. M., and J. T. Donoghue. “Psychiatric emergency room: a resource for the eighties.” J Ment Health Adm 10, no. 1 (1983): 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02830903.
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    • Cox, G. M. “The Biometric Society, the first twenty-five years (1947-1972).” Biometrics 28, no. 2 (June 1972): 285–311.
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    • COX, G. M. “[The role of statistics in scientific investigation].” Rev Col Med Guatem 11 (June 1960): 104–10.
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    • COX, G. M. “Discussion on experimental design; a survey of types of experimental designs.” Biometrics 6, no. 3 (September 1950): 317–18.
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  • Book Sections

    • Byrnes, E. J., W. Li, Y. Lewit, J. R. Perfect, D. A. Carter, G. M. Cox, and J. Heitman. “Tourism implications of cryptococcus gattii in the southeastern USA.” In Hospitality and Health: Issues and Developments, 144–58, 2011.
    • Cox, G. M., D. T. Durack, and J. R. Perfect. “Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System.” In Neurology and General Medicine: Expert Consult, 899–920, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044306707-5.50051-1.
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  • Other Articles

    • Gottfredsson, M., G. M. Cox, and J. R. Perfect. “Reply.” J Infect Dis, February 2000. https://doi.org/10.1086/315295.
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