Book section · January 1, 2025
Lateralization and localization of language in the brain is a critical component of surgical planning for patients with epilepsy or brain tumors who require neurosurgical intervention. Accurate language mapping allows the surgeon to conduct the most aggres ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Initial investigations into the blood-brain barrier (BBB) date back to the 19th century. Since that time, the BBB has been extensively studied to develop a greater understanding of the role of this structure in molecular transport, drug delivery, and neuro ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Hemostasis and thrombosis are two critical physiologic concepts that are essential for neurosurgeons to understand to treat patients effectively. Poor control of either one in neurosurgery can result in significant morbidity and mortality resulting from he ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Pediatric traumatic brain injuries encompass a wide range of diagnoses from mild concussions to life-threatening intracranial hemorrhages requiring neurosurgical intervention. Management of these injuries requires an in-depth understanding of the neurobiol ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Successful resection of lesions in eloquent areas of cortex requires diligent intraoperative mapping. Intimate knowledge of surface cortical anatomy and functional neuroimaging are useful to further delineate the relationship between lesions and eloquent c ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
The most common cerebellar tumor in children is the World Health Organization (WHO) grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). Surgery can be curative in many cases, and recurrence is uncommon following gross total resection. Postoperative complications include c ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has gone from rarity to commonplace since its inception 25 years earlier. It is an adjuvant tool proven beneficial in both pediatric and adult neurosurgical populations. Recent studies have shown improved su ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
This chapter provides a reference for practicing clinicians regarding the important clinical, diagnostic, and treatment considerations for children with brain tumors. Pediatric brain tumors remain the most common solid tumors diagnosed in childhood. They a ...
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Book section · January 1, 2022
Failure is a common complication of ventricular shunt placement for hydrocephalus, with myriad presentations that are essential for emergency providers to identify. Patients in failure may present with acute or chronic symptoms ranging from headache to acu ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
Pediatric neurovascular diseases can profoundly affect brain development, growth, and a child’s quality of life. Appropriately managing these conditions in children requires a thorough understanding of their etiologies, diagnoses, treatment options, and pr ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
Spinal traction is an important treatment adjunct for numerous spinal injuries that uses longitudinal force to restore spinal alignment, achieve indirect spinal cord decompression, and provide stabilization. Traction may be used as a stand-alone therapy or ...
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Book section · June 16, 2020
Epilepsy is a common and debilitating neurological disorder that afflicts over 3 million people in the United States alone and up to 1% of the global population. Various forms of seizure disorders are primarily first medically managed with anti-epileptic d ...
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Book section · June 25, 2019
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique entity within the central nervous system (CNS) that consists of both passive and active mechanisms to regulate access to the brain. This structure maintains the ionic and volumetric environments of the brain, and s ...
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Book section · January 1, 2018
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment for medically refractory movement disorders in adults such as Parkinson’s disease, tremor, and dystonia and is currently under investigation for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as de ...
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Book section · January 1, 2018
Pediatric neurosurgical conditions can dramatically affect development, functional status, and therefore quality of life—these changes can have life lasting consequences or benefits. There are very few disease-specific quality outcome scales, which have be ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Epidemiological data support a link between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and seizures. TBI accounts for approximately 16 % of acute symptomatic seizures which usually occur in the first week after trauma. Children are at higher risk for posttraumatic seizu ...
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