Scholars@Duke
Carmelo Graffagnino

Carmelo Graffagnino

Professor Emeritus of Neurology
Neurology, Neurocritical Care
Duke Box 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710
DUMC 3824, 0109 Orange Zone - South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Telestroke consultant use in acute stroke care: Evidence for best practices from the IMPROVE stroke care program.

Journal article J Telemed Telecare · February 2026 BackgroundEvolving stroke care demands careful screening of stroke patients to ensure the right care is administered to the right patients in a timely manner. Telestroke has been increasingly utilized to improve access to stroke specialists to make these a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improve time to anti-coagulation reversal for hemorrhagic strokes.

Journal article J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis · December 2024 BACKGROUND: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which is an important source of disability and mortality. OAC-associated ICH (OAC-ICH) patients have worse outcomes as compared to ICH patients not on OAC, likely be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regionalization of stroke systems of care in the stroke belt states: The IMPROVE stroke care quality improvement program.

Journal article Am Heart J · March 2024 BACKGROUND: Despite guidelines and strong evidence supporting intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke, access to these interventions remains a challenge. The objective of the IMPROVE stroke care program was to accelerate acu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of time-temperature curves with outcomes in temperature management for cardiac arrest.

Journal article BMJ Neurol Open · 2022 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Cardiac arrest is a common cause of death and neurological injury; therapeutic cooling for neuroprotection is standard of care. Despite numerous and ongoing trials targeting a specified cooling temperature for a target duration, the con ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Socioeconomic Influence on Emergency Medical Services Utilization for Acute Stroke: Think Nationally, Act Locally.

Journal article Neurohospitalist · October 2021 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rates of emergency medical services (EMS) utilization for acute stroke remain low nationwide, despite the time-sensitive nature of the disease. Prior research suggests several demographic and social factors are associated with EMS u ... Full text Link to item Cite

Investigation of S-Nitrosoglutathione in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature in pre-clinical and clinical research.

Journal article Exp Neurol · June 2020 BACKGROUND: S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide donor that has been investigated for neuroprotective and neuro-recovery effect. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on the published literatures using GSNO in both pre-clinical and clinical stro ... Full text Link to item Cite

Implementation of Best Practices-Developing and Optimizing Regional Systems of Stroke Care: Design and Methodology.

Journal article Am Heart J · April 2020 The AHA Guidelines recommend developing multi-tiered systems for the care of patients with acute stroke.1 An ideal stroke system of care should ensure that all patients receive the most efficient and timely care, regardless of how they first enter or acces ... Full text Link to item Cite

Single-Dose Intraventricular Nimodipine Microparticles Versus Oral Nimodipine for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Journal article Stroke · April 2020 Background and Purpose- EG-1962 is a sustained release formulation of nimodipine administered via external ventricular drain in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A randomized, open-label, phase 1/2a, dose-escalation study provided impetus f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Worldwide Organization of Neurocritical Care: Results from the PRINCE Study Part 1.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · February 2020 INTRODUCTION: Neurocritical care focuses on the care of critically ill patients with an acute neurologic disorder and has grown significantly in the past few years. However, there is a lack of data that describe the scope of practice of neurointensivists a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intravenous Lidocaine Does Not Improve Neurologic Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal article Anesthesiology · June 2019 BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline after cardiac surgery occurs frequently and persists in a significant proportion of patients. Preclinical studies and human trials suggest that intravenous lidocaine may confer protection in the setting of neurologic injury. I ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A Phase 2 Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Internal Carotid Artery Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived ALD-401 Cells in Patients With Recent Stable Ischemic Stroke (RECOVER-Stroke).

Journal article Circulation · January 8, 2019 BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke has no approved treatments to enhance recovery. ALD-401 is an enriched population of aldehyde dehydrogenase-bright stem cells, capable of reducing neurological deficits in animal models. The primary objective of this trial was t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of healthcare personnel knowledge of stroke care at a large referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa - A survey based approach.

Journal article J Clin Neurosci · August 2017 There is no published literature regarding sub-Saharan health-care providers' understanding of stroke management patterns. Understanding current stroke management knowledge is important in formulating future education opportunities for providers to optimiz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toward Solving the Sedation-Assessment Conundrum: Neurofunction Monitoring.

Journal article Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am · June 2016 The sedation-assessment conundrum is the struggle to balance the need for sedation against the need to awaken the patient and perform a neurologic examination. This article discusses the nuances of the sedation-assessment conundrum as well as approaches to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current advances in the use of therapeutic hypothermia.

Journal article Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · March 2015 Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest.

Journal article Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · December 2014 Full text Link to item Cite

Exploring the impact of augmenting sedation assessment with physiologic monitors.

Journal article Aust Crit Care · August 2014 BACKGROUND: Pharmacological sedation is a necessary tool in the management of critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. The intensive care unit (ICU) sedation strategy is to use the least amount of medication to meet safety and comfort goals. Titra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurological complications of cardiac surgery.

Journal article Lancet Neurol · May 2014 As increasing numbers of elderly people undergo cardiac surgery, neurologists are frequently called upon to assess patients with neurological complications from the procedure. Some complications mandate acute intervention, whereas others need longer term o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hemicraniectomy and durotomy upon deterioration from infarction-related swelling trial: randomized pilot clinical trial.

Journal article Stroke · March 2014 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemicraniectomy and Durotomy Upon Deterioration From Infarction-Related Swelling Trial (HeADDFIRST) was a randomized pilot study to obtain information necessary to design a Phase III trial to evaluate the benefit of surgical decompr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: a blessing in disguise?

Journal article Med Princ Pract · 2014 OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a hyperdense posterior cerebral artery (PCA) sign in the setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 28-year-old, previously healthy female presented with rapidly progressive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperdense posterior cerebral artery sign in a setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: A blessing in disguise?

Journal article Medical Principles and Practice · December 1, 2013 Objective: To report a case of a hyperdense posterior cerebral artery (PCA) sign in the setting of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 28-year-old, previously healthy female presented with rapidly progressive ... Full text Cite

Continuous cerebral spinal fluid drainage associated with complications in patients admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Journal article J Neurosurg · October 2013 OBJECT: Cerebral artery vasospasm is a major cause of death and disability in patients recovering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although the exact cause of vasospasm is unknown, one body of research suggests that clearing blood products by CSF draina ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clevidipine rapidly and safely reduces blood pressure in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the ACCELERATE trial.

Journal article Cerebrovasc Dis · 2013 BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes 10-15% of primary strokes, with mortality related to hematoma volume. Blood pressure (BP) reduction may attenuate hematoma expansion. ACCELERATE (the Evaluation of Patients with Acute Hypertension and Intra ... Full text Link to item Cite

A pilot study of cerebral and haemodynamic physiological changes during sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol in patients with acute brain injury.

Journal article Anaesth Intensive Care · November 2012 Sedation for the mechanically-ventilated, brain-injured patient remains challenging. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the cerebral physiologic effects of sedation with propofol versus dexmedetomidine in mechanically-ventilated, brain-injured ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transitional care after hospitalization for acute stroke or myocardial infarction: a systematic review.

Journal article Ann Intern Med · September 18, 2012 BACKGROUND: Transitional care is a time-limited service to prevent discontinuous care and adverse outcomes, including rehospitalization. PURPOSE: To describe transitional care interventions and evidence of benefit or harm in patients hospitalized for acute ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest.

Journal article Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · September 2012 Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic hypothermia and post-cardiac arrest.

Journal article Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag · March 2012 Full text Link to item Cite

Corrigendum

Journal article Nursing in Critical Care · January 2012 Full text Cite

Transition of care for acute stroke and myocardial infarction patients: from hospitalization to rehabilitation, recovery, and secondary prevention.

Journal article Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) · October 2011 OBJECTIVES: To review the available published literature to assess whether evidence supports a beneficial role for coordinated transition of care services for the postacute care of patients hospitalized with first or recurrent stroke or myocardial infarcti ... Link to item Cite

Utility of a simple algorithm to grade diastolic dysfunction and predict outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Journal article Ann Thorac Surg · June 2011 BACKGROUND: Inclusion of a measure of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) may improve risk prediction after cardiac surgery. Current LVDD grading guidelines rely on echocardiographic variables that are not always available or aligned to allow gra ... Full text Link to item Cite

Continuous and intermittent CSF diversion after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · February 2011 BACKGROUND: We examine two accepted methods of managing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The first is intermittent CSF drainage when intracranial pressure (ICP) reaches a pre-defined threshold (monitor ... Full text Link to item Cite

An observational pilot study of CSF diversion in subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Journal article Nurs Crit Care · 2011 BACKGROUND: A primary focus of hospital treatment following admission for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a prevention of cerebral artery vasospasm, which may result in ischaemic stroke. Intraventricular catheter (IVC) insertion to facilitate cerebral sp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intensive insulin therapy in the neurocritical care setting is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · December 2010 BACKGROUND: Studies devoted to intensive glucose control suggested that the intensive insulin therapy (IIT) approach could effectively reduce complications associated with critical illness. A program of IIT with the goal of achieving a blood glucose of 80- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Timing of symptomatic vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the effect of treatment modality and clinical implications.

Journal article J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis · March 2010 A better prediction of the time course of symptomatic vasospasm (SVSP) might have a significant impact on the management and prevention of delayed neurologic ischemic deficit (DIND). We studied the influence of the treatment for ruptured aneurysm on SVSP t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized trial assessing the impact of a musculoskeletal intervention for pain before participating in a weight management program.

Journal article J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev · 2010 PURPOSE: Obesity increases the risk of developing physical disability and pain. Persons with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m or more have an increased risk for osteoarthritis compared with those with a BMI between 25 and 29 kg/m. The purpose of this stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of mechanical chest percussion on intracranial pressure: a pilot study.

Journal article Am J Crit Care · July 2009 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Treatment of brain injury is often focused on minimizing intracranial pressure, which, when elevated, can lead to secondary brain injury. Chest percussion is a common practice used to treat and prevent pneumonia. Conflicting and limited anecdot ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of ruptured cerebral aneurysm coiling and clipping on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome.

Journal article J Neuroimaging · April 2009 Featured Work BACKGROUND: This study assessed the impact of treatment modality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) on the rate of vasospasm (VSP), mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS) of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological patients.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2009 Featured Work OBJECTIVE: To assess whether monitoring sedation status using bispectral index (BIS) as an adjunct to clinical evaluation was associated with a reduction in the total amount of sedative drug used in a 12 h period. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relation between aspirin dose, all-cause mortality, and bleeding in patients with recent cerebrovascular or coronary ischemic events (from the BRAVO Trial).

Journal article Am J Cardiol · November 15, 2008 Featured Work Despite aspirin's established role in the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease, considerable controversy exists regarding its most effective dosing strategy. In a retrospective observational study, we examined the relation between prescribed aspir ... Full text Link to item Cite

The value of CT angiography and transcranial doppler sonography in triaging suspected cerebral vasospasm in SAH prior to endovascular therapy.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2008 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting arterial cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been increasingly used for CVS diagnosis. The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in neurocritical care patients.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2007 Featured Work INTRODUCTION: Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be a common problem associated with the treatment of acute brain injury. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a developing therapy for the treatment of ARDS in adult patients that can ... Full text Link to item Cite

The limited reliability of the Ramsay scale.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2007 Featured Work INTRODUCTION: The Ramsay scale which is internationally one of the most frequently cited sedation assessment tools has not had adequate psychometric evaluation. The objective of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of the Ramsay scale. METHOD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Changes in intracranial pressure associated with chest physiotherapy.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2007 Featured Work INTRODUCTION: Management of intracranial hypertension is pivotal in the care of brain-injured patients. SUMMARY OF CASE: We report the case of a patient with both a closed head injury and anoxic encephalopathy, who subsequently experienced episodes of refr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of cerebral vasopasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced by statin therapy: A multivariate analysis of an institutional experience.

Journal article J Neurosurg · November 2006 Featured Work OBJECT: Impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelium-dependent relaxation, and cerebrovascular autoregulation all occur in vasospastic cerebral arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Statin use and sex-specific stroke outcomes in patients with vascular disease.

Journal article Stroke · June 2006 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although statins reduce the risk of stroke in patients with coronary heart disease, possible differing effects of statins on stroke outcomes based on sex remain uncertain. We investigated the relationships between statin use and sex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of a community-based weight management program on weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Journal article Obesity (Silver Spring) · February 2006 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our retrospective database analysis was to describe and evaluate the outcomes of a weight loss intervention in a community medical wellness center. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Four hundred eighteen overweight and obese adults ... Full text Link to item Cite

Toward solving the sedation-assessment conundrum: bi-spectral index monitoring and sedation interruption.

Journal article Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am · September 2005 Featured Work The sedation-assessment conundrum is defined by two diametrically opposed goals: to maintain an appropriate level of sedation, and to obtain a comprehensive neurologic examination that most accurately reflects the patient's neurologic status. A case presen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Journal article Stroke · September 2005 Featured Work BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral vasospasm remains a major source of morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We demonstrate that simvastatin reduces serum markers of brain injury and attenuates vasospasm after SAH. METHODS: Patients with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in peri-coronary angiography ischemic stroke.

Journal article Stroke · May 2005 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) for peri-coronary angiography (CA) stroke may be safe and efficacious. However, IAT may increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed involving 3 university ho ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consciousness, coma, and caring for the brain-injured patient.

Journal article AACN Clin Issues · 2005 Featured Work In this article, a preliminary conceptual framework is presented for exploring nursing interventions and research aimed at improving care of the unconscious brain-injured patient during the early subacute phase of brain injury. The cue-response framework p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systemic hemostasis with recombinant-activated factor VII followed by local thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in intraventricular hemorrhage.

Journal article Neurocrit Care · 2005 Featured Work INTRODUCTION: A 51-year-old woman on warfarin thromboprophylaxis for transient ischemic attacks developed sudden onset nausea, vomiting, and decreased mental status, rapidly becoming comatose. Head computed tomography (CT) showed intracerebral hemorrhage, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Incidence and characteristics of stroke during 90-day follow-up in patients stabilized after an acute coronary syndrome.

Journal article Am Heart J · September 2004 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Stroke is a rare but serious event that complicates the course of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The type, outcome, and risk factors of stroke occurring in stabilized patients with ACS have not been previously reported. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

A prospective, multicenter pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the CoolGard System and Icy catheter following cardiac arrest.

Journal article Resuscitation · August 2004 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest causes devastating neurological morbidity and mortality. Mild/moderate hypothermia is neuroprotective after global cerebral ischemia. More rapid controlled attainment of the target temperature may increase efficacy. METHODS: We a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international trial of the oral IIb/IIIa antagonist lotrafiban in coronary and cerebrovascular disease.

Journal article Circulation · July 29, 2003 Featured Work BACKGROUND: This is the primary report of the large-scale evaluation of lotrafiban, an orally administered IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, a unique trial with respect to the platelet antagonist, protocol design, and inclusion of cerebrovascular disease in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on in-hospital mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage.

Journal article Acta Neurol Scand · February 2003 Featured Work OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele and in-hospital mortality from intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted to two acute stroke units with ICH were prospectively evalu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonocclusion and spontaneous recanalization rates in acute ischemic stroke: a review of cerebral angiography studies.

Journal article Arch Neurol · December 2002 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Spontaneous recanalization is an understudied phenomenon in stroke. It is often overestimated by nonocclusion rates. The heterogeneity of the causes and manifestations of stroke and of the studies assessing vascular patency has created difficul ... Full text Link to item Cite

De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report.

Journal article Neurosurgery · May 2002 Featured Work OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are generally thought to have a congenital cause. This is the first report of an angiographically proven de novo cerebral AVM in an adult patient without previous vascular abnormality. CLINICAL P ... Full text Link to item Cite

Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study in North Carolina.

Journal article Neuroepidemiology · 2002 Featured Work Few studies have assessed the frequency of familial clustering in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Of 144 patients with ICH prospectively assessed, 14 (9.8%) had a positive family history of ICH (FH+). Four pedigrees had more than two affected family member ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility and safety of moderate hypothermia after massive hemispheric infarction.

Journal article Stroke · September 2001 Featured Work BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Moderate hypothermia decreases ischemic damage in experimental stroke models. This multicenter study was performed to evaluate (1) the safety and feasibility of moderate hypothermia and (2) its potential to reduce intracranial hyper ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dose-finding, safety, and tolerability study of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, lotrafiban, in patients with coronary or cerebral atherosclerotic disease.

Journal article Circulation · August 15, 2000 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay of the treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic events. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of lotrafiban, an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/II ... Full text Link to item Cite

Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial.

Journal article Am Heart J · June 2000 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Platelets play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and acute coronary and cerebrovascular syndromes. Inhibition of platelet function by acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) has been shown to reduce the incidence atherothrom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Familial clustering of intracerebral hemorrhage

Journal article NEUROLOGY · April 11, 2000 Link to item Cite

Abciximab in acute ischemic stroke. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

Journal article Stroke · March 2000 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abciximab is a potent parenterally administered platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. Because this agent has been shown to improve outcomes in coronary artery disease, there is interest to evaluate whether it could improve cere ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes: incidence and outcomes in the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in unstable angina. Receptor suppression using integrilin therapy (PURSUIT) trial. The PURSUIT Investigators.

Journal article Circulation · May 11, 1999 Featured Work BACKGROUND: The incidence of stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes has not been clearly defined because few trials in this patient population have been large enough to provide stable estimates of stroke rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage

Journal article STROKE · January 1, 1998 Link to item Cite

Tissue plasminogen activator in a vertebral artery dissection.

Journal article Can J Neurol Sci · May 1997 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Spontaneous dissection of the vertebral artery is uncommon. METHOD: Case study. RESULTS: We report a 49-year-old woman who presented with the rapidly progressing basilar artery syndrome who was given an intravenous dose of tissue plasminogen ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Endoglin gene polymorphism as a risk factor for sporadic intracerebral hemorrhage.

Journal article Ann Neurol · May 1997 Featured Work Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and serious type of stroke. Recent studies have shown that inherited factors that affect the development of the vessel wall can increase the risk of ICH. We studied endoglin as a candidate gene in patients with sp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of intracranial vasculitis: A multidisciplinary approach.

Journal article JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY · May 1, 1997 Link to item Cite

Lipids and stroke: a paradox resolved.

Journal article Arch Neurol · April 1996 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Although dyslipidemia is a well established risk factor for coronary artery disease, its relationship to ischemic cerebrovascular disease has remained unclear, perhaps because of the heterogeneous nature of strokes. METHODS: In a case-control s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cystatin C mutation in an elderly man with sporadic amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Journal article Stroke · November 1995 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurs both sporadically and as a result of mutations in either cystatin C or the amyloid precursor protein. ICH due to cystatin C mutations typically occurs in young people ... Full text Link to item Cite

ApoE genotype and survival from intracerebral haemorrhage.

Journal article Lancet · August 26, 1995 Featured Work Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of intracranial aneurysms in families with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Journal article Can J Neurol Sci · May 1995 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Genetic factors may be important in the etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation. Several studies have reported the familial occurrence of SAH and IA, although in most cases asymptomatic family members ... Full text Link to item Cite

A molecular genetic study of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Journal article Arch Neurol · October 1994 Featured Work BACKGROUND: Two forms of inherited intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are associated with an amyloid angiopathy caused by mutations in the genes for the amyloid precursor protein or cystatin C. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with s ... Full text Link to item Cite

The importance of family history in cerebrovascular disease.

Journal article Stroke · August 1994 Featured Work BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of genetics in cerebrovascular disease remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of family history on atherothrombotic infarction or transient ischemic attack. METHODS: Ninety patients wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

GENETIC-ASPECTS OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AND SAH

Journal article STROKE · January 1, 1994 Link to item Cite

Ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke.

Journal article N Engl J Med · July 9, 1992 Featured Work Full text Link to item Cite