Herman Ford Staats

Journal article Vaccine · October 4, 2010 Featured Publication IL-1α and IL-1β were evaluated for their ability to provide adjuvant activity for the induction of serum antibody responses when nasally administered with protein antigens in mice and rabbits. In mice, intranasal (i.n.) immunization with pneumococcal surfa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adenovirus F protein as a delivery vehicle for botulinum B.

Journal article BMC Immunol · July 7, 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Immunization with recombinant carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain (Hc domain) of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) stimulates protective immunity against native BoNT challenge. Most studies developing a botulism vaccine have focused on the wh ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Polymer hydrogels: Chaperoning vaccines.

Journal article Nat Mater · July 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a bead immunoassay to measure Vi polysaccharide-specific serum IgG after vaccination with the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Vi polysaccharide.

Journal article Clin Vaccine Immunol · March 2010 Featured Publication Vi polysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is used as one of the available vaccines to prevent typhoid fever. Measurement of Vi-specific serum antibodies after vaccination with Vi polysaccharide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) m ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cell-derived particles deliver peripheral signals to remote lymph nodes.

Journal article J Exp Med · October 26, 2009 Featured Publication During infection, signals from the periphery are known to reach draining lymph nodes (DLNs), but how these molecules, such as inflammatory cytokines, traverse the significant distances involved without dilution or degradation remains unclear. We show that ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cells augment adaptive immunity by orchestrating dendritic cell trafficking through infected tissues.

Journal article Cell Host Microbe · October 22, 2009 Featured Publication Mast cells (MCs) are best known for eliciting harmful reactions, mostly after primary immunity has been established. Here, we report that, during footpad infection with E. coli in MC-deficient mice, as compared to their MC-sufficient counterparts, the seru ... Full text Link to item Cite

The mast cell activator compound 48/80 is safe and effective when used as an adjuvant for intradermal immunization with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen.

Journal article Vaccine · June 2, 2009 Featured Publication We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the mast cell activator compound 48/80 (C48/80) when used as an adjuvant delivered intradermally (ID) with recombinant anthrax protective antigen (rPA) in comparison with two well-known adjuvants. Mice were vaccinate ... Full text Link to item Cite

The contribution of type I interferon signaling to immunity induced by alphavirus replicon vaccines.

Journal article Vaccine · September 15, 2008 Featured Publication The type I interferon (IFN) system is critical for protecting the mammalian host from numerous virus infections and plays a key role in shaping the antiviral adaptive immune response. In this report, the importance of type I IFN signaling was assessed in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alphavirus replicon particles acting as adjuvants promote CD8+ T cell responses to co-delivered antigen.

Journal article Vaccine · August 5, 2008 Featured Publication Alphavirus replicon particles induce strong antibody and CD8+ T cell responses to expressed antigens in numerous experimental systems. We have recently demonstrated that Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) possess adjuvant activit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nonmucosal alphavirus vaccination stimulates a mucosal inductive environment in the peripheral draining lymph node.

Journal article J Immunol · July 1, 2008 Featured Publication The strongest mucosal immune responses are induced following mucosal Ag delivery and processing in the mucosal lymphoid tissues, and much is known regarding the immunological parameters which regulate immune induction via this pathway. Recently, experiment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cell activators: a new class of highly effective vaccine adjuvants.

Journal article Nat Med · May 2008 Featured Publication Mast cells (MCs) have recently received recognition as prominent effectors in the regulation of immune cell migration to draining lymph nodes and lymphocyte activation. However, their role in the development of humoral immune responses is not clear. Here, ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro and in vivo characterization of anthrax anti-protective antigen and anti-lethal factor monoclonal antibodies after passive transfer in a mouse lethal toxin challenge model to define correlates of immunity.

Journal article Infect Immun · November 2007 Featured Publication Passive transfer of antibody may be useful for preexposure prophylaxis against biological agents used as weapons of terror, such as Bacillus anthracis. Studies were performed to evaluate the ability of anthrax antiprotective antigen (anti-PA) and antiletha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel dry powder preparations of whole inactivated influenza virus for nasal vaccination.

Journal article AAPS PharmSciTech · October 12, 2007 Featured Publication The purpose of these studies was to enhance mucosal and systemic antibody production in response to increased local residence time of a whole inactivated influenza virus administered as a dry powder nasal vaccine formulation. Spray-freeze-drying (SFD) part ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mucosal vaccine development for botulinum intoxication.

Journal article Expert Rev Vaccines · February 2007 Featured Publication Botulism has classically been considered to be a food- and water-borne disease. However, it was recently classified by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (National Institute of Health) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Generation of mucosal anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 T-cell responses by recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Journal article Clin Vaccine Immunol · November 2006 Featured Publication A successful vaccine vector for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should induce anti-HIV-1 immune responses at mucosal sites. We have generated recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis vectors that express the HIV-1 group M consensus envelope protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mucosal vaccine targeting improves onset of mucosal and systemic immunity to botulinum neurotoxin A.

Journal article J Immunol · October 15, 2006 Featured Publication Absence of suitable mucosal adjuvants for humans prompted us to consider alternative vaccine designs for mucosal immunization. Because adenovirus is adept in binding to the respiratory epithelium, we tested the adenovirus 2 fiber protein (Ad2F) as a potent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Capric acid and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose increase the immunogenicity of nasally administered peptide vaccines.

Journal article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · June 2006 Featured Publication Immunization by the nasal route is an established method for the induction of mucosal and systemic humoral and cell-mediated antigen-specific responses. However, the effectiveness of nasal immunization is often hampered by the need for increased doses of a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mucosal and systemic adjuvant activity of alphavirus replicon particles.

Journal article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 7, 2006 Featured Publication Vaccination represents the most effective control measure in the fight against infectious diseases. Local mucosal immune responses are critical for protection from, and resolution of, infection by numerous mucosal pathogens. Antigen processing across mucos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiolipin polyspecific autoreactivity in two broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies.

Journal article Science · June 24, 2005 Featured Publication The design of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) immunogen that can induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Although rare human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exist that broadly neutralize HIV-1, HI ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel neurotoxoid vaccine prevents mucosal botulism.

Journal article J Immunol · February 15, 2005 Featured Publication The threat posed by botulism, classically a food- and waterborne disease with a high morbidity and mortality, has increased exponentially in an age of bioterrorism. Because botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) could be easily disseminated by terrorists using an aer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8 responses in the reproductive tract and colon following nasal peptide priming and modified vaccinia virus Ankara boosting.

Journal article J Virol · December 2004 Featured Publication Induction of mucosal anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) T-cell responses in males and females will be important for the development of a successful HIV-1 vaccine. An HIV-1 envelope peptide, DNA plasmid, and recombinant modified vaccinia virus ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparative evaluation of nasal and parenteral vaccine adjuvants to elicit systemic and mucosal HIV-1 peptide-specific humoral immune responses in cynomolgus macaques.

Journal article Vaccine · September 9, 2004 Featured Publication Cynomolgus macaques were immunized by either the intramuscular (i.m.) or intranasal (i.n.) route with a HIV-1 peptide-based immunogen (C4-V3 89.6P) alone, or formulated with novel adjuvants to evaluate the ability of the adjuvants to augment peptide-specif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Non-replicating mucosal and systemic vaccines: quantitative and qualitative differences in the Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell population in different tissues.

Journal article Vaccine · March 29, 2004 Featured Publication Directed dissemination of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells to infected organs or cancerous tissues is a prerequisite for optimal immunotherapy. Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells were quantitated in systemic and mucosal tissues after nasal, rectal, or cutaneous immuniza ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces hypertrophy of draining lymph nodes during infection.

Journal article Nat Immunol · December 2003 Featured Publication Palpable swelling of regional lymph nodes is a common sequela of microbial infections but the mechanism responsible for the sequestration and subsequent coordination of lymphocyte responses within these dynamic structures remains poorly understood. Here we ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytokines as adjuvants for the induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus peptide immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions after nasal immunization.

Journal article J Virol · January 2002 Featured Publication Safe and potent new adjuvants are needed for vaccines that are administered to mucosal surfaces. This study was performed to determine if interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) combined with other proinflammatory cytokines provided mucosal adjuvant activity for in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cytokine requirements for induction of systemic and mucosal CTL after nasal immunization.

Journal article J Immunol · November 1, 2001 Featured Publication Cholera toxin (CT) is frequently used as an experimental adjuvant intranasally for the induction of systemic and mucosal immunity. However, CT is highly reactogenic and not approved for use in humans. To define the cytokine requirements for the nasal activ ... Full text Link to item Cite

IL-1 is an effective adjuvant for mucosal and systemic immune responses when coadministered with protein immunogens.

Journal article J Immunol · May 15, 1999 Featured Publication Mucosal immunization with soluble protein Ag alone may induce Ag-specific tolerance, whereas mucosal immunization with Ag in the presence of a mucosal adjuvant may induce Ag-specific systemic and mucosal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The most ... Link to item Cite

Intranasal immunization with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope peptide and mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin: selective augmentation of peptide-presenting dendritic cells in nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Journal article Infect Immun · December 1998 Featured Publication We previously reported that cholera toxin (CT) was required as a mucosal adjuvant for the induction of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) following intranasal immunization with CTL epitope peptides (A. Porgador et al., J. Immunol. 158:834-841, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intranasal immunization is superior to vaginal, gastric, or rectal immunization for the induction of systemic and mucosal anti-HIV antibody responses.

Journal article AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · July 20, 1997 Featured Publication Vaginal anti-HIV antibody responses may be beneficial, and possibly required, for vaccine-induced protection against HIV infection acquired through receptive vaginal intercourse. We have previously determined that intranasal immunization with a hybrid HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intranasal immunization with CTL epitope peptides from HIV-1 or ovalbumin and the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin induces peptide-specific CTLs and protection against tumor development in vivo.

Journal article J Immunol · January 15, 1997 Featured Publication To evaluate the ability of mucosal immunization protocols using peptide immunogens to induce CTL responses, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (i.n.) with peptides corresponding to a known CTL epitope in HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 or OVA, resp ... Link to item Cite

Mucosal immunity to HIV-1: systemic and vaginal antibody responses after intranasal immunization with the HIV-1 C4/V3 peptide T1SP10 MN(A).

Journal article J Immunol · July 1, 1996 Featured Publication To optimize mucosal immune responses to the HIV-1 peptide vaccine candidate T1SP10 MN(A), we intranasally immunized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with C4/V3 HIV-1 peptide together with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Four doses over a 4-wk period result ... Link to item Cite