Scholars@Duke
Jeffrey Nicholas Browndyke

Jeffrey Nicholas Browndyke

Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences
j.browndyke@duke.edu
508 Fulton St, Box 116-A, Durham, NC 27710
508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Association of Preoperative Posterior Cingulate Cortex Microstructural Damage With Postoperative Delirium.

Journal article Anesth Analg · June 17, 2026 BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium is the most common postsurgical complication in older adults and is associated with an increased risk of long-term cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). However, the neurological bas ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Standardized End Point Definitions for Clinical Trials in Thoracic Aortic Repair: A Consensus Report From the ARCH-Academic Research Consortium.

Journal article Circulation · June 2, 2026 Innovation in the treatment of ascending aorta and arch pathology with novel catheter-based and hybrid procedures has driven the need for a strategy to guide their safe application. The ARCH-ARC (Aortic Arch Academic Research Consortium) was established to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide CN-105 and Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: The Phase 2 MARBLE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal article JAMA Netw Open · April 1, 2026 IMPORTANCE: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ε4 allele leads to increased Alzheimer disease risk and neuroinflammation and is also believed to play a role in postoperative delirium. However, the safety and feasibility of modulating apoE protein signaling t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mixed-methods Analysis of Preoperative Distress and Postoperative Outcomes in a Prospective, Observational Cohort of Older Adults.

Journal article Anesthesiology · January 1, 2026 BACKGROUND: The effect of psychological distress on general geriatric surgery outcomes remains unexplored despite recommendations for routine, preoperative distress screening. This study aimed to assess preoperative distress measures in a general geriatric ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developing Topics.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium (POD), characterized by acute fluctuations in consciousness and attention, is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, the neural mechanisms underlying attention impairments in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Variation in Neurodegeneration-Linked Brain Regions in Young Adult APOE E4 Carriers With Spina Bifida.

Journal article Ann Child Neurol Soc · September 2025 OBJECTIVE: Possible pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE E4) in individuals with congenital brain malformations are relatively unknown. Our goal was to determine if neurodegeneration-linked brain region volumes differ significantly between E4 car ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Associations between anaesthetic dose-adjusted intraoperative EEG alpha power, processing speed, and postoperative delirium: analysis of data from three prospective studies.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · July 2025 BACKGROUND: We previously have shown that low intraoperative EEG alpha power is associated with impaired preoperative cognition, a delirium risk factor, and that intraoperative anaesthetic-dose-adjusted EEG bispectral index values were associated with a fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mapping the impact of age and APOE risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease on long range brain connections through multiscale bundle analysis.

Journal article Brain Struct Funct · March 19, 2025 Alzheimer's disease currently has no cure and is usually detected too late for interventions to be effective. In this study we have focused on cognitively normal subjects to study the impact of risk factors on their long-range brain connections. To detect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Short (<20 Minutes) Duration Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.

Journal article Ann Thorac Surg · February 2025 BACKGROUND: It has long been held that the safe duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is at least 25 to 30 minutes. However, this belief is based primarily on clinical outcomes research and has not been systematically investigated using more sen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predilection for Perplexion: Preoperative microstructural damage is linked to postoperative delirium.

Journal article medRxiv · January 9, 2025 Postoperative delirium is the most common postsurgical complication in older adults and is associated with an increased risk of long-term cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). However, the neurological basis of this i ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Role of Sleep Apnea in Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Among Older Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · January 1, 2025 BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk, yet its role in postoperative neurocognitive disorders is unclear. Here, we studied whether the severity of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the severity of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Evaluating state-based network dynamics in anhedonia.

Journal article Neuroimage Rep · December 2024 Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic clinical syndrome associated with significant clinical impairment. In spite of this, a clear network-level characterization of anhedonia does not yet exist. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by taking a g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive Effects of Body Temperature During Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Trial (GOT ICE): A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Outcomes After Aortic Arch Surgery.

Journal article Circulation · February 27, 2024 BACKGROUND: Deep hypothermia has been the standard for hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) during aortic arch surgery. However, centers worldwide have shifted toward lesser hypothermia with antegrade cerebral perfusion. This has been supported by retrospe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of perioperative stroke and delirium on outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement.

Journal article J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · February 2024 OBJECTIVE: The effects of stroke and delirium on postdischarge cognition and patient-centered health outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are not well characterized. Here, we assess the impact of postoperative stroke and delirium on thes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infarct-related structural disconnection and delirium in surgical aortic valve replacement patients.

Journal article Ann Clin Transl Neurol · February 2024 OBJECTIVE: Although acute brain infarcts are common after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), they are often unassociated with clinical stroke symptoms. The relationship between clinically "silent" infarcts and in-hospital delirium remains uncertain; ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A pilot study of longitudinal changes in neurocognition, white matter hyperintensities, and cortical thickness in atrial fibrillation patients following catheter ablation vs medical management.

Journal article Heart Rhythm O2 · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Cerebral microembolization and atrophy complicate atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare changes in neuroimaging findings between AF patients treated with catheter ablation and those treated with medical therapy. METHODS: In ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative electroencephalographic alpha-power changes with eyes opening are associated with postoperative attention impairment and inattention-related delirium severity.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · January 2024 BACKGROUND: In the eyes-closed, awake condition, EEG oscillatory power in the alpha band (7-13 Hz) dominates human spectral activity. With eyes open, however, EEG alpha power substantially decreases. Less alpha attenuation with eyes opening has been associ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non-cardiac Surgery in Older Adults.

Journal article Ann Neurol · December 2023 OBJECTIVE: Although animal models suggest a role for blood-brain barrier dysfunction in postoperative delirium-like behavior, its role in postoperative delirium and postoperative recovery in humans is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of blood-brain bar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perioperative changes in neurocognitive and Alzheimer's disease-related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in older patients randomised to isoflurane or propofol for anaesthetic maintenance.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · August 2023 BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that isoflurane and propofol have differential effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and memory, although it is unclear whether this occurs in humans. METHODS: This was a nested randomised controlled trial with ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Role for Blood-brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older adults.

Journal article medRxiv · May 10, 2023 OBJECTIVE: Although animal models suggest a role for blood-brain barrier dysfunction in postoperative delirium-like behavior, its role in postoperative delirium and postoperative recovery in humans is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the role of blood-brain bar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identifying vulnerable brain networks associated with Alzheimer's disease risk.

Journal article Cereb Cortex · April 25, 2023 The selective vulnerability of brain networks in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may help differentiate pathological from normal aging at asymptomatic stages, allowing the implementation of more effective interventions. We used a sample of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

EEG pre-burst suppression: characterization and inverse association with preoperative cognitive function in older adults.

Journal article Front Aging Neurosci · 2023 The most common complication in older surgical patients is postoperative delirium (POD). POD is associated with preoperative cognitive impairment and longer durations of intraoperative burst suppression (BSup) - electroencephalography (EEG) with repeated p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact and Implications of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in the Management of Ischemic Heart Failure.

Journal article J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv · 2023 Neurocognitive dysfunction is common in heart failure (HF), with 30% to 80% of patients experiencing some degree of deficits in one or more cognitive domains, including memory, attention, learning ability, executive function, and psychomotor speed. Althoug ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative changes in cognition and cerebrospinal fluid neurodegenerative disease biomarkers.

Journal article Ann Clin Transl Neurol · February 2022 OBJECTIVE: Numerous investigators have theorized that postoperative changes in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may underlie postoperative neurocognitive disorders. Thus, we determined the relationship between postoperative changes in cognition and cereb ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Relationship Between Depression/Anxiety and Cognitive Function Before and 6 Weeks After Major Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults.

Journal article J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol · January 2022 OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between affective measures and cognition before and after non-cardiac surgery in older adults. METHODS: Observational prospective cohort study in 103 surgical patients age ≥ 60 years old. All participants underwent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Women with Myocardial Infarction Present Subtle Cognitive Difficulties on a Neuropsychological Battery After Exposure to a Social Stressor.

Journal article Psychol Res Behav Manag · 2022 OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in women, but its sequelae remain largely understudied. Given the heart-brain relationship, our study aimed to further understand stress's impact on regulating cognitive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk for non-home discharge following surgery for ischemic mitral valve disease.

Journal article J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · December 2021 OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and risk factors for non-home discharge (NHD) and its association with clinical outcomes and quality of life (QOL) at 1 year following cardiac surgery in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). METHODS: Dis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perioperative neurocognitive and functional neuroimaging trajectories in older APOE4 carriers compared with non-carriers: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · December 2021 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction after surgery is a major issue in older adults. Here, we determined the effect of APOE4 on perioperative neurocognitive function in older patients. METHODS: We enrolled 140 English-speaking patients ≥60 yr old scheduled fo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Progression of Tricuspid Regurgitation After Surgery for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation.

Journal article J Am Coll Cardiol · February 16, 2021 BACKGROUND: Whether to repair nonsevere tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during surgery for ischemic mitral valve regurgitation (IMR) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors, and clinical significance ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Immunomodulatory lipid mediator profiling of cerebrospinal fluid following surgery in older adults.

Journal article Sci Rep · February 4, 2021 Arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derived lipids play key roles in initiating and resolving inflammation. Neuro-inflammation is thought to play a causal role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders, yet th ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

APOE4 Copy Number-Dependent Proteomic Changes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2021 BACKGROUND: APOE4 has been hypothesized to increase Alzheimer's disease risk by increasing neuroinflammation, though the specific neuroinflammatory pathways involved are unclear. OBJECTIVE: Characterize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic changes related t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Changes in Older Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2021 BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a syndrome of cognitive deficits occurring 1-12 months after surgery primarily in older patients, is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. POCD is hypothesized to result from neuroinflammation; ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A protocol to reduce self-reported pain scores and adverse events following lumbar punctures in older adults.

Journal article J Neurol · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: Lumbar punctures (LPs) are important for obtaining CSF in neurology studies but are associated with adverse events and feared by many patients. We determined adverse event rates and pain scores in patients prospectively enrolled in two cohort st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting plus mitral valve repair versus coronary artery bypass grafting alone for moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Journal article J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · June 2020 OBJECTIVE: The Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network reported that left ventricular reverse remodeling at 2 years did not differ between patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation randomized to coronary artery bypass grafting plus mitral valve r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longer Term Effects of Diet and Exercise on Neurocognition: 1-Year Follow-up of the ENLIGHTEN Trial.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2020 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the longer term changes in executive functioning among participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive impairments with no dementia (CIND) randomized to a diet and exercise intervention. DESIGN: A 2 (Exerci ... Full text Link to item Cite

The MARBLE Study Protocol: Modulating ApoE Signaling to Reduce Brain Inflammation, DeLirium, and PostopErative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common complications in older adults associated with increased 1-year mortality and long-term cognitive decline. One risk factor for worsened long-term postoperative cognitive trajectory is the A ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal article J Alzheimers Dis · 2020 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise (AE) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet can improve neurocognition. However, the mechanisms by which lifestyle improves neurocognition have not been widely studie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neural activation for actual and imagined movement following unilateral hand transplantation: a case study.

Journal article Neurocase · December 2019 Transplantation of a donor hand has been successful as a surgical treatment following amputation, but little is known regarding the brain mechanisms contributing to the recovery of motor function. We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) find ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Flow Cytometry Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocytes in Patients With Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Pilot Study.

Journal article Anesth Analg · November 2019 Animal models suggest postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be caused by brain monocyte influx. To study this in humans, we developed a flow cytometry panel to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected before and after major noncardiac surgery ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

State of the clinical science of perioperative brain health: report from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Brain Health Initiative Summit 2018.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · October 2019 Cognitive recovery after anaesthesia and surgery is a concern for older adults, their families, and caregivers. Reports of patients who were 'never the same' prompted a scientific inquiry into the nature of what patients have experienced. In June 2018, the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Intravenous Lidocaine Does Not Improve Neurologic Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal article Anesthesiology · June 2019 BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline after cardiac surgery occurs frequently and persists in a significant proportion of patients. Preclinical studies and human trials suggest that intravenous lidocaine may confer protection in the setting of neurologic injury. I ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · April 2019 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Every year, up to 40% of the more than 16 million older Americans who undergo anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct syndromes is associated with decreased quality of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Lifestyle and neurocognition in older adults with cognitive impairments: A randomized trial.

Journal article Neurology · January 15, 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent and additive effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on executive functioning in adults with cognitive impairments with no dementia (CIND) and risk factors for car ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal Changes in Regional Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition After Cardiac Operation.

Journal article Ann Thorac Surg · January 2019 BACKGROUND: Cardiac operation has been associated with increased risk of postoperative cognitive decline, as well as dementia risk in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of coronary revascularization or valve replacement ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018.

Journal article Br J Anaesth · November 2018 Cognitive change affecting patients after anaesthesia and surgery has been recognised for more than 100 yr. Research into cognitive change after anaesthesia and surgery accelerated in the 1980s when multiple studies utilised detailed neuropsychological tes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Cognitive Change Associated With Anaesthesia and Surgery-2018.

Journal article Anesth Analg · November 2018 Cognitive change affecting patients after anaesthesia and surgery has been recognised for more than 100 yr. Research into cognitive change after anaesthesia and surgery accelerated in the 1980s when multiple studies utilised detailed neuropsychological tes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurocognitive Function after Cardiac Surgery: From Phenotypes to Mechanisms.

Journal article Anesthesiology · October 2018 For half a century, it has been known that some patients experience neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery; however, defining its incidence, course, and causes remains challenging and controversial. Various terms have been used to describe neuroc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proposed Standardized Neurological Endpoints for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: An Academic Research Consortium Initiative.

Journal article Eur Heart J · May 14, 2018 Surgical and catheter-based cardiovascular procedures and adjunctive pharmacology have an inherent risk of neurological complications. The current diversity of neurological endpoint definitions and ascertainment methods in clinical trials has led to uncert ... Full text Link to item Cite

18F-florbetapir Positron Emission Tomography-determined Cerebral β-Amyloid Deposition and Neurocognitive Performance after Cardiac Surgery.

Journal article Anesthesiology · April 2018 BACKGROUND: Amyloid deposition is a potential contributor to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The authors hypothesized that 6-week global cortical amyloid burden, determined by F-florbetapir positron emission tomography, would be greater in those patie ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preoperative Cognitive Impairment As a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in a Collaborative Care Model.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · March 2018 OBJECTIVES: To compare postoperative outcomes of individuals with and without cognitive impairment enrolled in the Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health (POSH) program at Duke University, a comanagement model involving surgery, anesthesia, and geriat ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Progress toward standardized diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: Guidelines from the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement · March 2018 INTRODUCTION: Progress in understanding and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been hampered by lack of consensus on diagnosis, reflecting the use of multiple different assessment protocols. A large multinational group of clinicians and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Task-related changes in degree centrality and local coherence of the posterior cingulate cortex after major cardiac surgery in older adults.

Journal article Hum Brain Mapp · February 2018 OBJECTIVES: Older adults often display postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) after surgery, yet it is unclear to what extent functional connectivity (FC) alterations may underlie these deficits. We examined for postoperative voxel-wise FC changes in respo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices on CNS Infarction in Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal article JAMA · August 8, 2017 IMPORTANCE: Stroke is a major complication of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and adverse effects of cerebral embolic protection devices in reducing ischemic central nervous system (CNS) injury during SAVR. DE ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement · June 2017 INTRODUCTION: Numerous diagnostic criteria have tried to tackle the variability in clinical manifestations and problematic diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) but none have been universally accepted. These criteria have not been readily compar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Proposed Standardized Neurological Endpoints for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: An Academic Research Consortium Initiative.

Journal article J Am Coll Cardiol · February 14, 2017 Surgical and catheter-based cardiovascular procedures and adjunctive pharmacology have an inherent risk of neurological complications. The current diversity of neurological endpoint definitions and ascertainment methods in clinical trials has led to uncert ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Cognition After Major Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults without Preoperative Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Findings.

Journal article J Am Geriatr Soc · January 2017 OBJECTIVES: To look for changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity associated with postoperative changes in cognition, a common complication in seniors undergoing major surgery, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: Obj ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Lifestyle and Neurocognition in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment.

Journal article Psychosom Med · 2017 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of lifestyle factors and neurocognitive functioning in older adults with vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). METHODS: One hundred sixty adults (M [SD] = 65.4 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative Frontal Alpha-Band Power Correlates with Preoperative Neurocognitive Function in Older Adults.

Journal article Front Syst Neurosci · 2017 Each year over 16 million older Americans undergo general anesthesia for surgery, and up to 40% develop postoperative delirium and/or cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Delirium and POCD are each associated with decreased quality of life, early retirement, incr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Changes in Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity Associated with Peripheral Nerve Block: A Pilot Study.

Journal article Anesthesiology · August 2016 BACKGROUND: Limited information exists on the effects of temporary functional deafferentation (TFD) on brain activity after peripheral nerve block (PNB) in healthy humans. Increasingly, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is being used to study br ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation.

Journal article N Engl J Med · May 19, 2016 BACKGROUND: In a trial comparing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone with CABG plus mitral-valve repair in patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation, we found no significant difference in the left ventricular end-systolic volume index ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rate Control versus Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery.

Journal article N Engl J Med · May 19, 2016 BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery is associated with increased rates of death, complications, and hospitalizations. In patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation who are in stable condition, the best initial treatment strategy--hea ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetes and the Association of Postoperative Hyperglycemia With Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery.

Journal article Diabetes Care · March 2016 OBJECTIVE: The management of postoperative hyperglycemia is controversial and generally does not take into account pre-existing diabetes. We analyzed clinical and economic outcomes associated with postoperative hyperglycemia in cardiac surgery patients, st ... Full text Link to item Cite

Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation.

Journal article N Engl J Med · January 28, 2016 BACKGROUND: In a randomized trial comparing mitral-valve repair with mitral-valve replacement in patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation, we found no significant difference in the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), survival, or ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prefrontal contributions to relational encoding in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Journal article Neuroimage Clin · 2016 Relational memory declines are well documented as an early marker for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Episodic memory formation relies on relational processing supported by two mnemonic mechanisms, generation and binding. Neuroimaging studies us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Minding the Gaps in Our Knowledge of a Common Postoperative Complication in the Elderly.

Journal article Anesthesiol Clin · September 2015 Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. There is much interest in and controversy about POCD, reflected partly in the increasing number of articles publish ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting recurrent mitral regurgitation after mitral valve repair for severe ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Journal article J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · March 2015 OBJECTIVES: The Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network recently reported no difference in the primary end point of left ventricular end-systolic volume index at 1 year postsurgery in patients randomized to repair (n = 126) or replacement (n = 125) for seve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Surgical treatment of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Journal article N Engl J Med · December 4, 2014 BACKGROUND: Ischemic mitral regurgitation is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. For surgical patients with moderate regurgitation, the benefits of adding mitral-valve repair to coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) are uncertain. METHODS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pre-clinical cognitive phenotypes for Alzheimer disease: a latent profile approach.

Journal article Am J Geriatr Psychiatry · November 2014 BACKGROUND: Cognitive profiles for pre-clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) can be used to identify groups of individuals at risk for disease and better characterize pre-clinical disease. Profiles or patterns of performance as pre-clinical phenotypes may be mor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intraoperative magnesium administration does not improve neurocognitive function after cardiac surgery.

Journal article Stroke · December 2013 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurocognitive decline occurs frequently after cardiac surgery and persists in a significant number of patients. Magnesium is thought to provide neuroprotection by preservation of cellular energy metabolism, blockade of the N-methyl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phenotypic regional functional imaging patterns during memory encoding in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement · May 2013 BACKGROUND: Reliable blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) phenotypic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are likely to emerge only from a systematic, quantitative, and aggreg ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Predictors of cognitive recovery after cardiac surgery.

Journal article Anesth Analg · February 2013 BACKGROUND: Postoperative neurocognitive decline occurs frequently. Although predictors of cognitive injury have been well examined, factors that modulate recovery have not. We sought to determine the predictors of cognitive recovery after initial injury f ... Full text Link to item Cite

Can lifestyle modification improve neurocognition? Rationale and design of the ENLIGHTEN clinical trial.

Journal article Contemp Clin Trials · January 2013 BACKGROUND: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) not only increase the risk for clinical CVD events, but also are associated with a cascade of neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic changes that increase the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging changes during relational retrieval in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Journal article J Int Neuropsychol Soc · September 2012 The earliest cognitive deficits observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) appear to center on memory tasks that require relational memory (RM), the ability to link or integrate unrelated pieces of information. RM impairments in aMCI likely refl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of MCI individuals using structural and functional connectivity networks.

Journal article Neuroimage · February 1, 2012 Featured Publication Different imaging modalities provide essential complementary information that can be used to enhance our understanding of brain disorders. This study focuses on integrating multiple imaging modalities to identify individuals at risk for mild cognitive impa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resting-state multi-spectrum functional connectivity networks for identification of MCI patients.

Journal article PLoS One · 2012 In this paper, a high-dimensional pattern classification framework, based on functional associations between brain regions during resting-state, is proposed to accurately identify MCI individuals from subjects who experience normal aging. The proposed tech ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spatial patterns of brain amyloid-beta burden and atrophy rate associations in mild cognitive impairment.

Journal article Brain · April 2011 Amyloid-β accumulation in the brain is thought to be one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease, possibly leading to synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration and cognitive/functional decline. The earliest detectable changes seen with neuroimaging app ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fine mapping of genetic variants in BIN1, CLU, CR1 and PICALM for association with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

Journal article PLoS One · February 9, 2011 Recent genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified variants in BIN1, CLU, CR1 and PICALM that show replicable association with risk for disease. We have thoroughly sampled common variation in these genes, genotyping 355 vari ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enriched white matter connectivity networks for accurate identification of MCI patients.

Journal article Neuroimage · February 1, 2011 Featured Publication Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often a prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is frequently considered to be a good target for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions of AD. Recent emergence of reliable network characterization techniques has ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factor structure of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centers uniform dataset neuropsychological battery: an evaluation of invariance between and within groups over time.

Journal article Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord · 2011 Featured Publication The neuropsychological battery from the National Alzheimer's Disease Coordinating Center is designed to provide a sensitive assessment of mild cognitive disorders for multicenter investigations. Comprising 8 common neuropsychological tests (12 measures), t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Longitudinal changes in white matter disease and cognition in the first year of the Alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative.

Journal article Arch Neurol · November 2010 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), measured at baseline and longitudinally, and 1-year cognitive decline using a large convenience sample in a clinical trial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Accurate identification of MCI patients via enriched white-matter connectivity network

Journal article Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics · October 25, 2010 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often a prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is frequently considered to be a good target for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions of AD. Recent emergence of reliable network characterization techniques hav ... Full text Cite

Validation of the coin rotation test: a simple, inexpensive, and convenient screening tool for impaired psychomotor processing speed.

Journal article Neurologist · July 2010 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: The Coin Rotation Test is a simple, convenient, and cost-effective measure of psychomotor processing speed that has been used in neurologic examinations at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences system for almost 20 years. On the Coin R ... Full text Link to item Cite

Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE varepsilon4 carriers.

Journal article Alzheimers Dement · July 2010 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if the APOE epsilon4 allele influences both the functional activation and connectivity of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) during successful memory encoding in young adults. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy young adults, i.e. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, exercise, and caloric restriction on neurocognition in overweight adults with high blood pressure.

Journal article Hypertension · June 2010 Featured Publication High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke, dementia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Although aerobic exercise and dietary modifications have been shown to reduce blood pressure, no randomized trials have examined the effects of aerobic exercise co ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.

Journal article Psychosom Med · April 2010 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on neurocognitive performance. Although the effects of exercise on neurocognition have been the subject of several previous reviews and meta-analyses, they have been hampered by methodological ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Genetic regulation of alpha-synuclein mRNA expression in various human brain tissues.

Journal article PLoS One · October 16, 2009 Featured Publication Genetic variability across the SNCA locus has been repeatedly associated with susceptibility to sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulated evidence emphasizes the importance of SNCA dosage and expression levels in PD pathogenesis. However whether genet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroanatomical correlates of malingered memory impairment: event-related fMRI of deception on a recognition memory task.

Journal article Brain Inj · June 2008 Featured Publication PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Event-related, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in healthy participants during purposefully malingered and normal recognition memory performances to evaluate the neural substrates of feigned memory impairme ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strategies for dissecting genetic-environmental interactions in neurodegenerative disorders.

Journal article Neurotoxicology · September 2006 Complex genetic and environmental interactions contribute to abnormal aging and neurodegenerative disorders. We present information from a series of 1136 consecutive patients presenting with cognitive disorders and show possible significant contribution of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and Alzheimer disease.

Journal article Clin Genet · July 2006 Evidence suggests that vascular and inflammatory factors may be important in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The Glu/Glu genotype at the Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene has been tested for association with AD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polymorphisms in the PON gene cluster are associated with Alzheimer disease.

Journal article Hum Mol Genet · January 1, 2006 Paraoxonase is an arylesterase enzyme that is expressed in the liver and found in the circulation in association with apoA1 and the high-density lipoprotein, and prevents the accumulation of oxidized lipids in low-density lipoproteins in vitro. Common poly ... Full text Link to item Cite

FMRI correlates of the WAIS-III symbol search subtest.

Journal article J Int Neuropsychol Soc · July 2005 Featured Publication Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments frequently administer substantially adapted cognitive tests. This study was designed to identify FMRI correlates of a well-standardized clinical measure presented with minor adaptations. We administe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Progressive morphometric and cognitive changes in vascular dementia.

Journal article Arch Clin Neuropsychol · March 2005 Evidence for progressive cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD) is mixed, with some studies showing little or no decline over time. One possible explanation for these inconsistent findings is the heterogeneity of pathology encompassed by the VaD diag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perfusion abnormalities and decision making in cocaine dependence.

Journal article Biol Psychiatry · October 1, 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that cocaine abusers have cerebral perfusion deficits that may diminish cognitive functioning. This study examined whether cocaine-dependent patients have perfusion abnormalities associated with poor decision-making ... Full text Link to item Cite

The neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment--no dementia: comparisons to patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia.

Journal article Arch Clin Neuropsychol · September 2004 Featured Publication Hachinski and co-workers have used the term vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VaCIND) to represent the earliest stages of cognitive decline associated with vascular changes [Neurology 57 (4) (2001) 714]. However, the neuropsychological profile of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gender-specific vulnerability for rCBF abnormalities among cocaine abusers.

Journal article Neuroreport · April 9, 2004 Featured Publication Fifty abstinent cocaine-dependent patients and 20 healthy controls were evaluated with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT to examine gender differences in perfusion. Group contrasts with statistical parametric mapping revealed male and female patients exhibited not only di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examining the effect of cerebral perfusion abnormality magnitude on cognitive performance in recently abstinent chronic cocaine abusers.

Journal article J Neuroimaging · April 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral perfusion abnormalities and neuropsychological impairment are common sequelae of chronic cocaine abuse. While perfusion abnormalities have been shown to relate to cognitive deficits in this substance abuse population, the r ... Link to item Cite

Neuropsychological and emotional changes during simulated microgravity: effects of triiodothyronine alendronate, and testosterone.

Journal article Arch Clin Neuropsychol · March 2004 INTRODUCTION: We present the results of a two-experiment study designed to evaluate the neurocognitive and psychological effects of six-degree head-down bedrest and pharmacologic interventions (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine; T3) implemented to enhance the muscle ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neuroimaging correlates of dementia rating scale performance at baseline and 12-month follow-up among patients with vascular dementia.

Journal article J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol · December 2003 Featured Publication The authors previously reported that subcortical hyperintensity (SH) and whole-brain volume (WBV) each covary with different subscale scores of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) among vascular dementia (VaD) patients. The present longitudinal analysi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical correlates of cognitive decline in vascular dementia.

Journal article Cogn Behav Neurol · March 2003 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether demographic data, dementia severity, functional status, whole brain volume (WBV), or subcortical hyperintensity volume (SH) predict subsequent cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD). BACKGROUND: The identification of v ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes.

Journal article Cerebrovasc Dis · 2003 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Cytidine diphosphate choline (citicoline) has been previously shown to have efficacy in reducing the functional impairments associated with acute stroke. Citicoline is thought to have neuroprotective benefits and has been used for the treatment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sensitivity of the dementia rating scale in vascular dementia: comparison between two sets of criteria to define cognitive impairment.

Journal article Cerebrovasc Dis · 2003 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) is a common measure of cognitive function, but its sensitivity to identify deficits across cognitive domains in vascular dementia (VaD) remains unclear. METHODS: We compared the sensitivity and specificity of two ... Full text Link to item Cite

Acute neuropsychological functioning following cardiosurgical interventions associated with the production of intraoperative cerebral microemboli.

Journal article Clin Neuropsychol · December 2002 Featured Publication Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve replacement (VR) surgical patients underwent neuropsychological assessment 1-2 days prior to surgery; 7-10 days postsurgery; and 1 month following hospital discharge. A group of matched healthy controls was tes ... Full text Link to item Cite

Examination of the relative contribution of cocaine and alcohol to neuropsychological functioning

Journal article ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY · November 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

The effects of gender and time on regional cortical perfusion in vascular dementia patients

Journal article ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY · November 1, 2002 Link to item Cite

Applications of computer-based neuropsychological assessment.

Journal article J Head Trauma Rehabil · October 2002 OBJECTIVES: To present current applications of computer-based neuropsychological assessment, including the assessment of sports-related concussion, symptom validity testing, and the remote administration of tests through the Internet. PROBLEM AREAS: If com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Computer-related anxiety: examining the impact of technology-specific affect on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure.

Journal article Appl Neuropsychol · 2002 Featured Publication This study was conducted to examine the effect of impairment status and computer-specific anxiety on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure. Computer related anxiety was measured using a standardized self-report measure tap ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of the Internet by patients before and after cardiac surgery: telephone survey.

Journal article J Med Internet Res · 2001 BACKGROUND: Little is known about to what extent patients who underwent medical treatment access the Internet and whether they benefit from consulting the Internet. OBJECTIVE: To understand if cardiopathic patients use the Internet for health-related infor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dementia severity and pattern of cognitive performance in vascular dementia.

Journal article Appl Neuropsychol · 2001 We evaluated the influence of dementia severity on cognitive performance in two groups of individuals with vascular dementia (VaD). Performance on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) was used to determine dementia severity. Tests of executive function, psych ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic neuropsychological effects of long-term mercury exposure: A longitudinal study

Journal article Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · November 1, 1999 Full text Cite

Trends in computer usage and means of obtaining CE credits among professional psychologists

Journal article Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · January 1, 1999 Full text Cite

The coin rotation task: A convenient and sensitive measure of fine motor control

Journal article Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · February 1998 Full text Cite

Convergent and discriminant validity of the memory assessment scales (MAS).

Journal article ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY · January 1, 1998 Link to item Cite

Fine tuning the graphesthesia assessment: one stroke versus two.

Journal article Appl Neuropsychol · 1997 The Finger-Tip Number-Writing test (Reitan, 1967; Reitan & Wolfson, 1993) is a standardized neuropsychological procedure for the evaluation of tactile perception. Test standardization has neglected to consider the variability associated with the way in whi ... Full text Link to item Cite