James E. Bowsher | Scholars@Duke

James E. Bowsher
Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology

Dr. Bowsher's research interests include functional and molecular imaging in radiation therapy, particularly positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography; imaging onboard radiation therapy machines; robotics and imaging; region-of-interest methods for high-resolution, high-sensitivity imaging; methods for integrating multiple imaging modalities -- and realistic system modeling -- into the generation of medical images; and quality assurance methods for imaging and for other radiation therapy systems.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2015
Associate Professor of Medical Physics at Duke Kunshan University, DKU Faculty, Duke Kunshan University 2016

Contact Information

Box 3295 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Clinics Bldg -- 200 Trent Dr., 04207 Red Zone -- Basement, Durham, NC 27710
james.bowsher@dukekunshan.edu.cn (919) 660-2120

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Faculty, Duke University Graduate School, Duke University 2005
- Faculty, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University 2005
- Medical Physicist, Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine 2007 - 2011
- Senior Research Associate, Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine 2006 - 2007
- Faculty, Center For In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine 2004 - 2005
- Research Associate, Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine 1989 - 1993
- Ph.D., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1989
- B.S., Davidson College 1980
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Physics at Duke Kunshan University, DKU Faculty, Duke Kunshan University 2016 - 2018
- Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Science Departments 2011 - 2015
- Assistant Research Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 2005
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Teaching
  - China (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Simultaneous Emission and Transmission Mammotomography awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2014
- Robotic SPECT for Biological Imaging Onboard Radiation Therapy Machines awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2013
- Cross-disciplinary Training in Medical Physics awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2013
- Breast Cancer Imaging Using Non-Parallel Beam SPECT awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2008
- The Duke University Molecular Imaging Center awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2006
- In Vivo Radionuclide Quantitation Using Emission Ct awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2004
- Helical Pinhole SPECT for Small-Scale Quantification awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2004
- Reconstruction & Analysis of Emission Tomography Data awarded by National Cancer Institute 1992 - 1997
- Reconstruction and Analysis of Emission Tomography Data awarded by National Cancer Institute 1992 - 1997
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Yang, Zhenyu, Kyle J. Lafata, Xinru Chen, James Bowsher, Yushi Chang, Chunhao Wang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Quantification of lung function on CT images based on pulmonary radiomic filtering.” Med Phys 49, no. 11 (November 2022): 7278–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15837.
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  - Das, Shiva K., Ross McGurk, Moyed Miften, Sasa Mutic, James Bowsher, John Bayouth, Yusuf Erdi, et al. “Task Group 174 Report: Utilization of [18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ([18 F]FDG-PET) in Radiation Therapy.” Med Phys 46, no. 10 (October 2019): e706–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13676.
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  - Cui, Yunfeng, James Bowsher, Jing Cai, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Impact of moving target on measurement accuracy in 3D and 4D PET imaging-a phantom study.” Adv Radiat Oncol 2, no. 1 (2017): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2016.12.002.
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  - Samei, Ehsan, John Thompson, Samuel Richard, and James Bowsher. “A Case for Wide-Angle Breast Tomosynthesis.” Acad Radiol 22, no. 7 (July 2015): 860–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2015.02.015.
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  - Yan, Susu, James Bowsher, MengHeng Tough, Lin Cheng, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A hardware investigation of robotic SPECT for functional and molecular imaging onboard radiation therapy systems.” Med Phys 41, no. 11 (November 2014): 112504. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4898121.
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  - Bowsher, James, Susu Yan, Justin Roper, William Giles, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Onboard functional and molecular imaging: a design investigation for robotic multipinhole SPECT.” Med Phys 41, no. 1 (January 2014): 010701. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4845195.
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  - Yan, Susu, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A line-source method for aligning on-board and other pinhole SPECT systems.” Med Phys 40, no. 12 (December 2013): 122501. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4828776.
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  - McGurk, Ross J., Valerie A. Smith, James Bowsher, John A. Lee, and Shiva K. Das. “Influence of filter choice on 18F-FDG PET segmentation accuracy determined using generalized estimating equations.” Phys Med Biol 58, no. 11 (June 7, 2013): 3517–34. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3517.
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  - Li, H., I. Vergalasova, W. Giles, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “WE-G-134-04: Four-Dimensional Dual Cone-Beam CT (4D-DCBCT): Preliminary Experimental Results.” Med Phys 40, no. 6Part31 (June 2013): 512. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815673.
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  - McGurk, R., V. Smith, J. Bowsher, J. Lee, and S. Das. “TH-C-WAB-08: Modeling of the Dice Coefficient for PET Segmentation Studies.” Med Phys 40, no. 6Part32 (June 2013): 538. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815765.
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  - Yan, S., J. Bowsher, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “SU-D-500-06: On-Board Robotic Multi-Pinhole SPECT System for Prone Breast Imaging.” Med Phys 40, no. 6Part3 (June 2013): 106. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814023.
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  - McGurk, Ross J., James Bowsher, John A. Lee, and Shiva K. Das. “Combining multiple FDG-PET radiotherapy target segmentation methods to reduce the effect of variable performance of individual segmentation methods.” Med Phys 40, no. 4 (April 2013): 042501. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4793721.
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  - Laymon, Charles M., and James E. Bowsher. “Anomaly Detection and Artifact Recovery in PET Attenuation-Correction Images Using the Likelihood Function.” Ieee J Sel Top Signal Process 7, no. 1 (February 2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2012.2237380.
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  - Li, Hao, William Giles, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “A dual cone-beam CT system for image guided radiotherapy: initial performance characterization.” Med Phys 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 021912. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4788654.
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  - Turner, Rachael A., Eliane Wauthier, Oswaldo Lozoya, Randall McClelland, James E. Bowsher, Claire Barbier, Glenn Prestwich, Edward Hsu, David A. Gerber, and Lola M. Reid. “Successful transplantation of human hepatic stem cells with restricted localization to liver using hyaluronan grafts.” Hepatology 57, no. 2 (February 2013): 775–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26065.
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  - Giles, William, James Bowsher, Hao Li, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Interleaved acquisition for cross scatter avoidance in dual cone-beam CT.” Med Phys 39, no. 12 (December 2012): 7719–28. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4768160.
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  - Chang, Zheng, Qiuwen Wu, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, Hui Yan, Andrew Thomas, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Commissioning and dosimetric characteristics of TrueBeam system: composite data of three TrueBeam machines.” Med Phys 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 6981–7018. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4762682.
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  - Li, Hao, William Giles, Lei Ren, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Implementation of dual-energy technique for virtual monochromatic and linearly mixed CBCTs.” Med Phys 39, no. 10 (October 2012): 6056–64. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4752212.
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  - Chang, Zheng, James Bowsher, Jing Cai, Sua Yoo, Zhiheng Wang, Justus Adamson, Lei Ren, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: our 1 year experience.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2012): 3754. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “SU-E-T-104: Commissioning and Dosimetric Characteristics of TrueBeam System: Composite Data of Three TrueBeam Machines.” Med Phys 39, no. 6Part11 (June 2012): 3726. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735162.
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  - Roper, Justin R., James E. Bowsher, Joshua M. Wilson, Timothy G. Turkington, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Target localization using scanner-acquired SPECT data.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2012): 3724. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3724.
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  - Chang, Z., J. Bowsher, J. Cai, S. Yoo, Z. Wang, J. Adamson, L. Ren, and F. F. Yin. “Imaging system QA of a medical accelerator, Novalis Tx, for IGRT per TG 142: Our 1 year experience.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 113–40. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3754.
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  - Roper, J. R., J. E. Bowsher, J. M. Wilson, T. G. Turkington, and F. F. Yin. “Target localization using scanner-acquired SPECT data.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 108–23. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3724.
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  - Giles, William, James Bowsher, Hao Li, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Crescent artifacts in cone-beam CT.” Med Phys 38, no. 4 (April 2011): 2116–21. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3567508.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., J. R. Roper, S. Yan, W. M. Giles, and F. F. Yin. “Regional SPECT imaging using sampling principles and multiple pinholes.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2010, 2071–76. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874141.
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  - Roper, Justin, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Direction-dependent localization errors in SPECT images.” Med Phys 37, no. 9 (September 2010): 4886–96. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3481515.
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  - Thomas, Andrew, James Bowsher, Justin Roper, Tim Oliver, Mark Dewhirst, and Mark Oldham. “A comprehensive method for optical-emission computed tomography.” Phys Med Biol 55, no. 14 (July 21, 2010): 3947–57. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/14/001.
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  - Roper, J., J. Wilson, J. Bowsher, T. Turkington, and F. Yin. “SU-DD-A3-05: On-Board SPECT: Localization Study Using Scanner-Acquired Data.” Medical Physics 37 (2010): 3091–3091.
  - Ter-Antonyan, R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and S. D. Metzler. “Multi-geometric collimation for high sensitivity brain SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2009, 3132–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401683.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, Ruben, Ronald J. Jaszczak, Kim L. Greer, James E. Bowsher, Scott D. Metzler, and R Edward Coleman. “Combination of converging collimators for high-sensitivity brain SPECT.” J Nucl Med 50, no. 9 (September 2009): 1548–56. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.062653.
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  - Madhav, Priti, James E. Bowsher, Spencer J. Cutler, and Martin P. Tornai. “Characterizing the MTF in 3D for a Quantized SPECT Camera Having Arbitrary Trajectories.” Ieee Trans Nucl Sci 56, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 661–70. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2009.2013464.
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  - Roper, Justin, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. “On-board SPECT for localizing functional targets: a simulation study.” Med Phys 36, no. 5 (May 2009): 1727–35. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3113902.
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  - Song, Haijun, James Bowsher, Shiva Das, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Tracking brachytherapy sources using emission imaging with one flat panel detector.” Med Phys 36, no. 4 (April 2009): 1109–11. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3081402.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, R., J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, S. D. Metzler, and R. J. Jaszczak. “High sensitivity collimators for brain SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2008, 3683–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2008.4774184.
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  - Kim, E., J. Bowsher, A. S. Thomas, H. Sakhalkar, M. Dewhirst, and M. Oldham. “Improving the quantitative accuracy of optical-emission computed tomography by incorporating an attenuation correction: application to HIF1 imaging.” Phys Med Biol 53, no. 19 (October 7, 2008): 5371–83. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/19/007.
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  - Chang, Zheng, Zhiheng Wang, Q Jackie Wu, Hui Yan, Jim Bowsher, Junan Zhang, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Dosimetric characteristics of novalis Tx system with high definition multileaf collimator.” Med Phys 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 4460–63. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2977668.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, Ruben, Ronald J. Jaszczak, James E. Bowsher, Kim L. Greer, and Scott D. Metzler. “Quantitative Evaluation of Half-Cone-Beam Scan Paths in Triple-Camera Brain SPECT.” Ieee Trans Nucl Sci 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 2518–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2008.2003255.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and S. D. Metzler. “Quantitative evaluation of half-cone-beam data acquisition trajectories in triple-camera brain SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2007): 3898–3903. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436970.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and S. D. Metzler. “Half-cone-beam data sufficiency in triple-camera SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 6 (December 1, 2007): 4442–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4437097.
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  - Turkington, T. G., J. M. Wilson, J. E. Bowsher, and D. R. Gilland. “Limiting iterations vs. post smoothing for noise control in PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2007): 2772–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436715.
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  - Metzler, S. D., R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, and J. E. Bowsher. “Angular-dependent axial-shift correction for pinhole SPECT.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 54, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 124–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.887470.
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  - Roper, J., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐EE‐A3‐06: Onboard SPECT: Functional‐Image‐Based Target Localization.” Medical Physics 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2007): 2334–35. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760363.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, Ruben, Ronald J. Jaszczak, James E. Bowsher, Kim L. Greer, and Scott D. Metzler. “Brain SPECT Simulation Using Half-Cone-Beam Collimation and Single-Revolution Helical-Path Acquisition.” Ieee Trans Nucl Sci 54, no. 3 (2007): 475–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2007.897826.
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  - Tornai, M., P. Madhav, D. Crotty, S. Cutler, K. Perez, R. Mckinley, and J. Bowsher. “WE‐D‐L100J‐08: Application of Volumetric Molecular Breast Imaging with a Dedicated SPECT‐CT Mammotomograph.” Medical Physics 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2007): 2597. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2761544.
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  - Brzymialkiewicz, C. N., M. P. Tornai, R. L. McKinley, S. J. Cutler, and J. E. Bowsher. “Performance of dedicated emission mammotomography for various breast shapes and sizes.” Phys Med Biol 51, no. 19 (October 7, 2006): 5051–64. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/19/021.
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  - Madhav, P., R. L. McKinley, E. Samei, J. E. Bowsher, and M. P. Tornai. “A novel method to characterize the MTF in 3D for computed mammotomography.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie 6142 II (June 30, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.653393.
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  - Bobkov, K. V., J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, R. J. Jaszczak, K. E. Braun, and T. J. Lee. “Phantom assessment of new acquisition geometries for breast pinhole SPECT imaging.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 1162–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.874958.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., D. M. DeLong, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Aligning emission tomography and MRI images by optimizing the emission-tomography image reconstruction objective function.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 1248–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.875467.
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  - Yuan, Hong, Thies Schroeder, James E. Bowsher, Laurence W. Hedlund, Terence Wong, and Mark W. Dewhirst. “Intertumoral differences in hypoxia selectivity of the PET imaging agent 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone).” J Nucl Med 47, no. 6 (June 2006): 989–98.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., J. R. Roper, J. Peter, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Pinhole trajectories for SPECT imaging of the breast, axilla, and upper chest.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (January 1, 2006): 2387–89. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354393.
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  - Jaszczak, R. J., K. L. Greer, J. E. Bowsher, S. D. Metzler, R. Ter-Antonyan, and K. V. Bobkov. “Helical-path, half-cone-beam acquisition for SPECT brain imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (January 1, 2006): 1837–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354251.
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  - Laymon, C. M., J. E. Bowsher, J. P. J. Carney, and T. M. Blodgett. “Scatter correction requirements for likelihood-based attenuation artifact correction in PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (January 1, 2006): 2151–54. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354340.
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  - McKinley, Randolph L., Martin P. Tornai, Caryl Brzymialkiewicz, Priti Madhav, Ehsan Samei, and James E. Bowsher. “Analysis of a novel offset cone-beam computed mammotomography system geometry for accomodating various breast sizes.” Phys Med 21 Suppl 1 (2006): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1120-1797(06)80024-4.
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  - Laymon, C. M., M. Swadley, J. E. Bowsher, T. Blodgett, and S. K. Ziolko. “Evaluation of sinogram consistency conditions for identifying artifactual PET attenuation images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (December 1, 2005): 1611–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596627.
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  - Madhav, P., C. N. Brzymialkiewicz, S. J. Cutler, J. E. Bowsher, and M. P. Tornai. “Characterizing the MTF in 3D for a quantized SPECT camera having arbitrary trajectories.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (December 1, 2005): 1722–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596652.
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  - Metzler, S. D., R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, and J. E. Bowsher. “Angular-dependent axial-shift correction for pinhole SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2005): 2644–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596881.
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  - Tornai, M. P., C. N. Brzymialkiewicz, M. L. Bradshaw, J. E. Bowsher, B. E. Patt, J. S. Iwanczyk, J. Li, and L. R. MacDonald. “Comparison of compact gamma cameras with 1.3- And 2.0-mm quantized elements for dedicated emission mammotomography.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 52, no. 5 I (October 1, 2005): 1251–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2005.858192.
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  - Tornai, M. P., R. L. McKinley, C. N. Brzymialkiewicz, P. Madhav, S. J. Cutler, D. J. Crotty, J. E. Bowsher, E. Samei, and C. E. Floyd. “Design and development of a fully-3D dedicated x-ray computed mammotomography system.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie 5745, no. I (August 25, 2005): 189–97. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595636.
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  - Brzymialkiewicz, Caryl N., Martin P. Tornai, Randolph L. McKinley, and James E. Bowsher. “Evaluation of fully 3-D emission mammotomography with a compact cadmium zinc telluride detector.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 24, no. 7 (July 2005): 868–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2005.852501.
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  - Akabani, Gamal, David A. Reardon, R Edward Coleman, Terence Z. Wong, Scott D. Metzler, James E. Bowsher, Daniel P. Barboriak, et al. “Dosimetry and radiographic analysis of 131I-labeled anti-tenascin 81C6 murine monoclonal antibody in newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas: a phase II study.” J Nucl Med 46, no. 6 (June 2005): 1042–51.
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  - Bobkov, K. V., J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Statistical analysis of incomplete circular orbits for breast pinhole SPECT imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2004): 2347–51.
  - Bowsher, J. E., T. Lee, K. Braun, K. V. Bobkov, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Reduced incomplete-sampling artifacts in pinhole SPECT breast imaging using body-contour and lung-boundary constraints.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 3013–17.
  - Brzymialkiewicz, C. N., M. P. Tornai, R. L. McKinley, S. J. Cutler, and J. E. Bowsher. “3D data acquisition sampling strategies for dedicated emission mammotomography for various breast sizes.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2004): 2596–2600.
  - Laymon, C. M., and J. E. Bowsher. “A log likelihood based method for recovery of localized defects in PET attenuation-correction images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 2710–14.
  - Lee, T., K. Braun, R. Jaszczak, J. Bowsher, and K. Bobkov. “The effects of lead shielding of background organ activity in pinhole Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) breast tumor imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 3352–56.
  - Patil, N. H., R. J. Jaszczak, S. D. Metzler, J. E. Bowsher, and K. L. Greer. “Comparison of cone beam and parallel beam collimation with the heart on the axis of rotation for human cardiac SPECT imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 6 (December 1, 2004): 3789–92.
  - Tenney, C. R., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “A delta-scatter Monte Carlo model of a rotating parallel-hole collimator for¹³¹i brain tumor imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 3084–88.
  - Rizzieri, David A., Gamal Akabani, Michael R. Zalutsky, R Edward Coleman, Scott D. Metzler, James E. Bowsher, Bonnie Toaso, et al. “Phase 1 trial study of 131I-labeled chimeric 81C6 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.” Blood 104, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 642–48. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-12-4264.
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  - Floyd, C. E., C. Howell, B. Harrawood, A. Crowell, A. Kapadia, R. Macri, J. Xia, et al. “Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography of stable isotopes.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 5368, no. 1 (July 5, 2004): 248–54. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535350.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., D. M. Delong, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Aligning emission tomography and MRI images by optimizing the emission-tomography image reconstruction objective function.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2003): 2562–65.
  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Geometrical Similarities of the Orlov and Tuy Sampling Criteria and a Numerical Algorithm for Assessing Sampling Completeness.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 50, no. 5 II (October 1, 2003): 1550–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2003.817385.
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  - Tornai, Martin P., James E. Bowsher, Ronald J. Jaszczak, Brett C. Pieper, Kim L. Greer, Patricia H. Hardenbergh, and R Edward Coleman. “Mammotomography with pinhole incomplete circular orbit SPECT.” J Nucl Med 44, no. 4 (April 2003): 583–93.
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  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. N. Archer, J. Peter, R. J. Jaszczak, L. R. MacDonald, B. E. Patt, and J. S. Iwanczyk. “A 3D gantry single photon emission tomograph with hemispherical coverage for dedicated breast imaging.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 497, no. 1 (January 21, 2003): 157–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01906-X.
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  - Archer, C. N., M. P. Tornai, J. E. Bowsher, S. D. Metzler, B. C. Pieper, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Implementation and initial characterization of acquisition orbits with a dedicated emission mammotomograph.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 50 III, no. 2 (2003): 413–20.
  - Laymon, C. M., J. E. Bowsher, and T. G. Turkington. “Recovery of localized defects in PET attenuation-correction images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (January 1, 2003): 1949–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352261.
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  - Tornai, M. P., C. N. Archer, M. L. Bradshaw, J. E. Bowsher, B. E. Patt, J. S. Iwanczyk, J. Li, and L. R. MacDonald. “Comparison of compact gamma cameras with 1.3mm and 2.0mm quantized elements for dedicated emission mammotomography.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (January 1, 2003): 1886–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352247.
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  - Archer, C. N., M. P. Tornai, J. E. Bowsher, and M. L. Bradshaw. “Initial Investigation of Circle-Plus-Arc Orbit Variants with a Dedicated Emission Mammotomograph.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2002): 1118–22.
  - Chen, M., J. E. Bowsher, A. H. Baydush, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Comparison of Multi-slice CHO-HO Models and Human Observers in Defect Detection with SPECT Myocardial Images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2002): 1272–76.
  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Geometrical Similarities of the Orlov and Tuy Sampling Criteria and a Numerical Algorithm for Assessing Sampling Completeness.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2002): 1241–45.
  - Tornai, M. P., C. N. Archer, J. E. Bowsher, R. L. McKinley, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Transmission Imaging with a Compact Gamma Camera: Initial Results for Mammotomography.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2002): 1597–1601.
  - Gilland, D. R., B. A. Mair, J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 49 I, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 2344–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2002.803820.
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  - Chen, M., J. Peter, R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, and S. D. Metzler. “Observer studies of cardiac lesion detectability with triple-head 360° vs. dual-head 180° SPECT acquisition using simulated projection data.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 4 (August 31, 2002): 2229–33.
  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Analytic determination of the pinhole collimator's point-spread function and RMS resolution with penetration.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 21, no. 8 (August 2002): 878–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2002.803129.
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  - Chen, M., J. E. Bowsher, A. H. Baydush, K. L. Gilland, D. M. DeLong, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Using the Hotelling observer on multislice and multiview simulated SPECT myocardial images.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 49 I, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 661–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2002.1039546.
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  - Chen, M., J. Peter, R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, and S. D. Metzler. “Observer studies of cardiac lesion detectability with triple-head 360° versus dual-head 180° SPECT acquisition using simulated projection data.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 49 I, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 655–60. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2002.1039545.
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  - Chen, M., R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, J. E. Bowsher, and C. Metz. “Receiver operating characteristic evaluation of triple-head 360 degree versus dual-head 180 degree myocardial SPECT acquisition.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 53P-53P.
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  - Pieper, B. C., S. D. Metzler, J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Single and double knife-edge pinhole collimators for SPECT imaging of small volumes.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 223P-224P.
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  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. N. Archer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Feasibility of application specific emission & transmission tomography (ASETT) of the breast.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 12P-12P.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., M. P. Tornai, J. Peter, D. E. González Trotter, A. Krol, D. R. Gilland, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Modeling the axial extension of a transmission line source within iterative reconstruction via multiple transmission sources.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 21, no. 3 (March 2002): 200–215. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.996339.
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  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, B. C. Pieper, J. Peter, and R. J. Jaszczak. “SPECT breast imaging combining horizontal and vertical axes of rotation.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 49, no. 1 I (February 1, 2002): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2002.998677.
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  - Chen, M., J. E. Bowsher, A. H. Baydush, K. L. Gilland, D. M. DeLong, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Using the hotelling observer on Multi-Slice and Multi-View simulated SPECT myocardial images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 4 (January 1, 2002): 2258–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009273.
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  - Krol, A., I. Echeruo, R. B. Salgado, A. S. Hardikar, J. E. Bowsher, D. H. Feiglin, F. D. Thomas, E. Lipson, and I. Coman. “EM-IntraSPECT algorithm with ordered subsets (OSEMIS) for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 4684 II (January 1, 2002): 1022–27. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.467057.
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  - Archer, C. N., M. P. Tornai, J. E. Bowsher, S. D. Metzler, B. C. Pieper, R. J. Jaszczak, L. R. MacDonald, B. E. Patt, and J. S. Iwanczyk. “Implementation and initial characterization of acquisition orbits about a pendulous breast using the ASET system.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2001): 1323–27.
  - Bowsher, J. E., M. P. Tornai, S. D. Metzler, J. Peter, and R. J. Jaszczak. “SPECT breast imaging using more nearly complete orbits and combined pinhole-parallel-beam collimation.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2001): 1328–30.
  - Gilland, D. R., B. A. Mair, J. E. Bowsher, and J. M. Anderson. “Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2001): 1069–71.
  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Analytic determination of the pinhole collimator's point-spread function and RMS resolution with penetration.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2001): 1175–79.
  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. N. Archer, J. Peter, L. R. MacDonald, B. E. Patt, J. S. Iwanczyk, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “A novel application specific emission tomograph (ASET) for breast imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 2001): 1161–65.
  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. N. Archer, J. Peter, L. R. Macdonald, and B. E. Patt. “A compact dedicated device for dual modality radionuclide imaging of the breast with an application specific emission and transmission tomograph (ASETT).” Radiology 221 (November 1, 2001): 555–555.
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  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, M. F. Smith, and R. J. Jaszcak. “Analytic determination of pinhole collimator sensitivity with penetration (vol 20, pg 730, 2001).” Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 981–981.
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  - Chen, M., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, and D. R. Gilland. “An evaluation of cardiac uniformity, contrast, and SNR with dual-head 180° and triple-head 360° SPECT scans.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 4 II (August 1, 2001): 1428–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958373.
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  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, M. F. Smith, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Analytic determination of pinhole collimator sensitivity with penetration.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 20, no. 8 (August 2001): 730–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.938241.
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  - Pieper, B. C., J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, J. Peter, K. Greer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Breast tumor imaging using a tiltable head SPECT camera.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 4 II (August 1, 2001): 1477–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958383.
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  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, M. F. Smith, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Analytic determination of pinhole collimator sensitivity with penetration.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 140P-140P.
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  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. N. Archer, J. Peter, L. R. MacDonald, B. E. Patt, J. S. Iwanczyk, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “Dedicated breast imaging with an ASET: Application specific emission tomograph.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 97P-97P.
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  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, P. H. Hardenbergh, and R. E. Coleman. “Dedicated PICO-SPECT: An approach to clinical breast imaging.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 207P-208P.
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  - Krol, A., J. E. Bowsher, S. H. Manglos, D. H. Feiglin, M. P. Tornai, and F. D. Thomas. “An EM algorithm for estimating SPECT emission and transmission parameters from emissions data only.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 20, no. 3 (March 2001): 218–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.918472.
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  - González Trotter, D. E., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Absolute quantitation of a spherical I-131 activity distribution using a high-resolution rotating collimator: A phantom study.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 1 I (February 1, 2001): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.910834.
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  - Gonzaݩlez Trotter, D. E., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, G. Akabani, and K. L. Greer. “High-resolution absolute SPECT quantitation for I-131 distributions used in the treatment of lymphoma: A phantom study.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 707–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.940151.
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  - Krol, A., J. E. Bowsher, D. H. Feiglin, G. M. Gagne, B. J. Hellwig, M. P. Tornai, and F. D. Thomas. “Physical phantom evaluation of EM-IntraSPECT (EMIS) algorithm for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 4322, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 934–38. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.430966.
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  - Pieper, B. C., J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, C. N. Archer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Parallel-beam tilted-head analytic SPECT reconstruction.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (2001): 1313–17.
  - Chen, M., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, and D. R. Gilland. “An evaluation of cardiac uniformity, contrast and SNR with dual-head 180 degree and triple-head 360 degree SPECT scans.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Gonzalez Trotter, D. E., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Improved I-131 SPECT resolution through modeling individual medium-energy collimator holes.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Gonzalez, D. E., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, G. Akabani, and K. L. Greer. “High-resolution absolute SPECT quantitation for I-131 distributions used in the treatment of lymphoma: A phantom study.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Metzler, S. D., J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, B. C. Pieper, J. Peter, and R. J. Jaszczak. “SPECT breast imaging combining horizontal and vertical axes of rotation.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Pieper, B. C., J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, J. Peter, K. Greer, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Breast tumor imaging using a tiltable head SPECT camera.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, B. C. Pieper, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Effects of pinhole material and aperture size on lesion contrast and SNR in breast SPECT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Peter, J., D. R. Gilland, J. E. Bowsher, M. P. Tornai, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Effect and correction of detector sag in SPECT systems.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 285P-285P.
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  - Trotter, D. E. G., J. E. Bowsher, C. D. Stone, and R. J. Jaszczak. “High-resolution in vivo SPECT imaging of I-131 biodistributions using a rotating parallel-hole collimator.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 34P-35P.
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  - Higdon, D. M., and J. E. Bowsher. “Bayesian inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo in imaging.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 3661, no. I (January 1, 1999): 2–11.
  - Stone, C. D., R. J. Jaszczak, M. F. Smith, K. L. Greer, and J. E. Bowsher. “Investigation of the resolution characteristics of a rotating parallel hole collimator for use in a medium energy SPECT system.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 2 (January 1, 1999): 1305–11.
  - Bowsher, J. E., M. F. Smith, J. Peter, and R. J. Jaszczak. “A comparison of OSEM and ICD for iterative reconstruction of SPECT brain images.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 79P-79P.
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  - Higdon, D. M., J. E. Bowsher, V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, D. R. Gilland, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Fully Bayesian estimation of Gibbs hyperparameters for emission computed tomography data.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 16, no. 5 (October 1997): 516–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.640741.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, D. M. Higdon, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “Estimating joint posterior distributions for the volumes and activities of small structures in emission tomography.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 934–934.
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  - Baydush, A. H., J. E. Bowsher, J. K. Laading, and C. E. Floyd. “Improved Bayesian image estimation for digital chest radiography.” Med Phys 24, no. 4 (April 1997): 539–45. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598054.
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  - Laading, J. K., C. E. Floyd, A. H. Baydush, and J. E. Bowsher. “Statistical modelling of the chest radiograph and simulation in a Bayesian framework.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 3 (December 1, 1996): 1124–25.
  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, R. J. Jaszczak, C. R. Floyd, and R. E. Coleman. “Bayesian reconstruction and use of anatomical a priori information for emission tomography.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 15, no. 5 (1996): 673–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.538945.
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  - BAYDUSH, A. H., J. E. BOWSHER, C. E. RAVIN, and C. E. FLOYD. “VISUAL IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSIDE RADIOGRAPHS BY MEANS OF NUMERIC COMPENSATION.” Radiology 197 (November 1, 1995): 523–523.
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  - BAYDUSH, A. H., J. E. BOWSHER, and C. E. FLOYD. “IMPROVED SCATTER COMPENSATION WITH A BAYESIAN IMAGE-ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE.” Radiology 197 (November 1, 1995): 223–223.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Measured Accuracy and Precision in Quantitative SPECT Imaging with Iodine-123.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 42, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 1120–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.467738.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Measured accuracy and precision in quantitative SPECT imaging with iodine-123.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 42, no. 4 pt 1 (1995): 1120–25.
  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Measured accuracy and precision in quantitative SPECT imaging with iodine-123.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 3 (January 1, 1995): 1182–86.
  - Munley, M. T., C. E. Floyd, J. E. Bowsher, and R. E. Coleman. “An artificial neural network approach to quantitative single photon emission computed tomographic reconstruction with collimator, attenuation, and scatter compensation.” Med Phys 21, no. 12 (December 1994): 1889–99. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597167.
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  - Floyd, C. E., A. H. Baydush, J. Y. Lo, J. E. Bowsher, and C. E. Ravin. “Bayesian restoration of chest radiographs. Scatter compensation with improved signal-to-noise ratio.” Invest Radiol 29, no. 10 (October 1994): 904–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199410000-00007.
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  - BOWSHER, J. E., V. E. JOHNSON, D. R. GILLAND, M. F. SMITH, C. E. FLOYD, R. J. JASZCZAK, and R. E. COLEMAN. “INCOMPLETE-DATA TREATMENT OF COMPTON SCATTER IN SPECT.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): P17–P17.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, C. E. Floyd, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “Improved lesion detection and quantification in emission tomography using anatomical and physiological prior information.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference, no. pt 3 (January 1, 1994): 1907–11.
  - BOWSHER, J. E., V. E. JOHNSON, J. QIAN, J. XU, C. E. FLOYD, R. J. JASZCZAK, and R. E. COLEMAN. “3-DIMENSIONAL BAYESIAN RECONSTRUCTION FOR SPECT.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P20–P20.
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  - Floyd, C. E., A. H. Baydush, J. Y. Lo, J. E. Bowsher, and C. E. Ravin. “Scatter compensation for digital chest radiography using maximum likelihood expectation maximization.” Invest Radiol 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 427–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199305000-00009.
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  - MUNLEY, M. T., C. E. FLOYD, J. E. BOWSHER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “A POSTRECONSTRUCTION ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK FOR COMPENSATION OF COLLIMATOR, ATTENUATION AND SCATTER EFFECTS IN SPECT.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P19–P19.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, T. G. Turkington, Z. Liang, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Quantitative SPECT Brain Imaging: Effects of Attenuation and Detector Response.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 40, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 295–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.221054.
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  - Johnson, V. E., J. E. Bowsher, J. Qian, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Segmentation and analysis of emission-computed-tomography images.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 1766 (December 1, 1992): 287–95.
  - BAYDUSH, A. H., C. E. FLOYD, J. Y. LO, J. E. BOWSHER, and C. E. RAVIN. “SCATTER REDUCTION IN PORTABLE DIGITAL CHEST RADIOGRAPHY WITH BAYESIAN IMAGE ESTIMATION.” Radiology 185 (November 1, 1992): 305–305.
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  - LO, J. Y., C. E. FLOYD, J. E. BOWSHER, and C. E. RAVIN. “SPATIALLY VARYING SCATTER ESTIMATION IN PORTABLE CHEST RADIOGRAPHY WITH AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK.” Radiology 185 (November 1, 1992): 300–300.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., T. B. Clegg, H. J. Karwowski, E. J. Ludwig, W. J. Thompson, and J. A. Tostevin. “Effects of 6Li excitation in 64Zn(d.” Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 45, no. 6 (June 1992): 2824–35. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.45.2824.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., and C. E. Floyd. “Treatment of Compton scattering in maximum-likelihood, expectation-maximization reconstructions of SPECT images.” J Nucl Med 32, no. 6 (June 1991): 1285–91.
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  - FLOYD, C. E., M. T. MUNLEY, G. D. TOURASSI, and J. E. BOWSHER. “DUAL COLLIMATION ACQUISITION FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION, LOW-NOISE SPECT.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 784–88.
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  - Floyd, C. E., M. T. Munley, G. D. Tourassi, and J. E. Bowsher. “Dual collimation acquisition for high resolution, low noise SPECT.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 pt I (April 1, 1991): 784–88.
  - Floyd, C. E., M. T. Munley, G. D. Tourassi, and J. E. Bowsher. “Dual Collimation Acquisition for High Resolution, Low Noise SPECT.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 748. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.289391.
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  - Munley, M. T., C. E. Floyd, G. D. Tourassi, J. E. Bowsher, and R. E. Coleman. “Out-Of-Plane Photons In Spect.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 776–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.289389.
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  - Tourassi, G. D., C. E. Floyd, M. T. Munley, J. E. Bowsher, and R. E. Coleman. “Improved Lesion Detection in SPECT using MLEM Reconstruction.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 780–83. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.289390.
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  - Bhat, C. M., J. E. Bowsher, T. B. Clegg, H. J. Karwowski, E. J. Ludwig, and B. A. Brown. “Single-nucleon pickup spectroscopic factors for levels in 30Si and 30P and the D state of three-nucleon systems.” Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 38, no. 4 (October 1988): 1537–46. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.38.1537.
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  - Karp, B. C., E. J. Ludwig, J. E. Bowsher, B. L. Burks, T. B. Clegg, F. D. Santos, and A. M. Eiró. “Alpha-particle D-state and configuration-mixing effects in the ⁸⁹Y(d, α)⁸⁷Sr reaction.” Nuclear Physics, Section A 457, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 15–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90517-8.
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  - Karp, B. C., E. J. Ludwig, J. E. Bowsher, B. L. Burks, T. B. Clegg, F. D. Santos, and A. M. Eiró. “Alpha-particle D-state and configuration-mixing effects in the ⁸⁹Y(d, α)⁸⁷Sr reaction.” Nuclear Physics, Section A 457, no. 1 (1986): 15–44.
  - Santos, F. D., B. C. Karp, J. E. Bowsher, E. J. Ludwig, and A. M. Eiró. “Determination of two-nucleon spectroscopic amplitudes from (d, alpha ) analyzing powers.” Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 32, no. 1 (July 1985): 338–41. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.32.338.
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- Conference Papers
  - Yu, T., R. E. Reiman, and J. E. Bowsher. “Seven-Pinhole Versus Single-Pinhole SPECT for Thyroid Imaging.” In 2020 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Nss/Mic 2020, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507803.
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  - Bowsher, J., S. Yan, and F. Yin. “WE‐G‐500‐09: Robotic Multi‐Pinhole Scenarios for SPECT Molecular and Functional Imaging Onboard and in Other Applications.” In Medical Physics, 40:505, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815642.
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  - Rankine, L., J. Bowsher, D. Brizel, F. Yin, and S. Das. “SU‐E‐J‐200: Impact of FDG‐PET/CT Reconstruction Parameters On PET Variability and Treatment Response Assessment.” In Medical Physics, 40:197, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4814412.
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  - Yan, S., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “TH‐A‐WAB‐04: Respiratory Sorted Imaging Using Region‐Of‐Interest Robotic Multi‐Pinhole SPECT System.” In Medical Physics, 40:520, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4815698.
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  - Bowsher, J., S. Yan, J. Roper, W. Giles, and F. Yin. “TU‐A‐BRA‐01: A Robotic Multi‐Pinhole SPECT System for Onboard and Other Region‐Of‐Interest Imaging.” In Medical Physics, 39:3887–88, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735869.
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  - Giles, W., J. Bowsher, H. li, and F. Yin. “TU‐A‐213CD‐04: A Novel Technique for Estimating and Correcting Cross‐Scatter in Dual‐Source CBCT.” In Medical Physics, 39:3891, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735883.
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  - Mcgurk, R., J. Bowsher, V. Smith, J. Lee, and S. Das. “MO‐G‐BRA‐01: Optimal Image Filtration Strategies for PET Segmentation.” In Medical Physics, 39:3881, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735846.
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  - Yan, S., J. Bowsher, W. Giles, and F. Yin. “TH‐E‐BRA‐01: A Line‐Source Method for Aligning Onboard‐Robotic‐Pinhole and Other SPECT‐Pinhole Systems.” In Medical Physics, 39:4011, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736362.
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  - Chang, Z., Q. Wu, J. Adamson, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, H. Yan, A. Thomas, and F. Yin. “Assessing Effects of Ion Collection Efficiency in Flattening Filter-Free (FFF) Beams On Three TrueBeam Machines.” In Medical Physics, 39:3719–3719, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4735130.
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  - Li, H., W. Giles, L. Ren, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “Dual-Energy CBCT Imaging for Metal Artifact Reduction and Contrast Enhancement.” In Medical Physics, 39:4017–4017, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4736387.
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  - Giles, W., J. Bowsher, H. li, and F. Yin. “SU‐E‐J‐22: Measurement‐Based Cross‐Scatter Correction in Dual Detector Cone‐Beam CT.” In Medical Physics, 38:3446, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3611790.
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  - Kishore, M., J. O’daniel, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐E‐T‐98: VMAT Quality Assurance: Improving the Angular Correction Factors for Ion Chamber Arrays.” In Medical Physics, 38:3508, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3612049.
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  - Roper, J., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐E‐J‐180: SPECT‐Based Target Localization: Comparison between Full‐Size and Compact Detectors.” In Medical Physics, 38:3484–85, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3611948.
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  - li, H., W. Giles, J. Roper, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐C‐214‐06: Noise Power Properties of a Dual‐Detector Cone‐Beam CT System.” In Medical Physics, 38:3373, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3611484.
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  - Thompson, J., B. Chen, S. Richard, J. Bowsher, and E. Samei. “Wide-angle breast tomosynthesis: Initial comparative evaluation.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 7622, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.845649.
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  - Roper, J. R., J. E. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “On-board SPECT for Target Localization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Findings from Computer Simulation and Scanner Studies.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 78:S697–98. Elsevier BV, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1619.
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  - Giles, W., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “TU‐A‐204B‐04: A Technique to Correct Crescent Artifacts in On‐Board CBCT.” In Medical Physics, 37:3370, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469171.
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  - Giles, W., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐J‐80: Characterization of Cross Scatter in Dual Source CBCT.” In Medical Physics, 37:3163, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3468304.
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  - Thomas, A., J. Bowsher, J. Roper, and M. Oldham. “TU‐E‐201C‐08: A Comprehensive Method for Optical ‐ Emission Computed Tomography.” In Medical Physics, 37:3406, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469310.
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  - li, H., W. Giles, J. Roper, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “TU‐C‐204B‐06: Performance Evaluation of a Dual Cone‐Beam CT (Dual CBCT) System.” In Medical Physics, 37:3385, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3469229.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., W. Giles, J. R. Roper, H. Li, T. Zhuang, and F. Yin. “3D Trajectories for Limited-angle and Full-angle Dual-X-ray Conebeam CT Onboard Radiation Therapy Machines.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 75:S581–82. Elsevier BV, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1329.
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  - Roper, J. R., J. E. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “On-board SPECT Imaging: Improved Target Localization via Spatial Resolution Compensation.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 75:S574–75. Elsevier BV, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1314.
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  - Bowsher, J., W. Giles, J. Roper, L. Ren, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐09: Limited‐Angle Imaging for Target Positioning Using Orthogonal Conebeam X‐Ray Systems.” In Medical Physics, 36:2476–77, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181301.
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  - Chang, Z., Z. Wang, Q. wu, J. Bowsher, S. Yoo, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐T‐309: Quality Assurance for Imaging Guided Stereotactic RadioSurgery with Novalis Tx™ System.” In Medical Physics, 36:2592, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181789.
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  - Giles, W., J. Bowsher, J. Roper, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐02: Impact of Cross Scatter On CNR in Fluoroscopic Images Taken with a Dual Flat Panel X‐Ray Imaging System.” In Medical Physics, 36:2475, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181294.
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  - Ter-Antonyan, Ruben, James E. Bowsher, Kim L. Greer, Scott D. Metzler, and Ronald J. Jaszczak. “High Sensitivity Collimators for Brain SPECT.” In 2008 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2008 Nss/Mic), Vols 1 9, 2958-+. IEEE, 2009.
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  - li, H., J. Bowsher, W. Giles, J. Roper, T. li, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐T‐322: Geometric Calibration of a Dual Cone Beam CT System with Large Flat Panel Detectors.” In Medical Physics, 36:2595, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3181802.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., L. Ren, and F. Yin. “Limited-angle DTS Imaging using CT Bone Information.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 72:S654–S654. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.335.
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  - Kim, E., J. Bowsher, H. Sakhalkar, M. Dewhirst, and M. Oldham. “TU‐FF‐A4‐03: Improving the Accuracy of Optical‐Emission‐CT Imaging Through Application of a Non‐Uniform Attenuation Correction.” In Medical Physics, 35:2923, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2962658.
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  - Park, H., J. Bowsher, J. Colsher, E. Stern, and T. Turkington. “SU‐GG‐I‐49: Iterative Reconstruction of Slow Rotation CT Data with Projection Object Masks to Decrease Motion Effects.” In Medical Physics, 35:2653, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961447.
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  - Roper, J., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐J‐156: Quantitative Analysis of Onboard SPECT Imaging Using Compact Gamma Cameras.” In Medical Physics, 35:2715, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961705.
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  - Song, H., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐GG‐T‐38: Tracking of Brachytherapy Source Position Using Emission Imaging.” In Medical Physics, 35:2734–35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961788.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., F. Yin, K. L. Greer, A. Chawla, E. Samei, and C. G. Willett. “An Anger-Camera Study of Scatter Effects in Single-photon-Emission Imaging With Flat-Panel Detectors.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S727–S727. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2124.
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  - Roper, J. R., J. E. Bowsher, W. P. Segars, and F. Yin. “Onboard SPECT for Biological Target Localization.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 69:S642–43. Elsevier BV, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1982.
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  - Bowsher, J., F. Yin, A. Chawla, K. Greer, H. Song, E. Samei, and C. Willett. “TH‐D‐M100F‐01: An Evaluation of Noise in Radiotracer Emission Imaging Using Flat‐Panel Detectors.” In Medical Physics, 34:2636, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2761701.
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  - Bowsher, J., H. Song, and F. F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐J‐24: Toward Real‐Time Tracking of HDR Source Position Using Emission Imaging with a Collimator and Flat‐Panel Detector.” In Medical Physics, 34:2373, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2760529.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., F. Yin, A. S. Chawla, K. L. Greer, R. J. Jaszczak, E. Samei, and C. G. Willett. “1032.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 66:S147–48. Elsevier BV, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.297.
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  - Bowsher, J., F. Yin, K. Greer, R. Jaszczak, E. Samei, and C. Willett. “TU‐FF‐A3‐02: Preliminary Investigations Into Combined CT/SPECT Imaging Onboard Therapy Machines.” In Medical Physics, 33:2221, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241651.
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  - Song, H., Q. Wu, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. “SU‐FF‐T‐263: Imaging with Brachytherapy Sources.” In Medical Physics, 33:2108, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2241183.
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  - Yuan, H., Z. Wang, T. Schroeder, J. E. Bowsher, L. W. Hedlund, F. Yin, and M. W. Dewhirst. “(64) Cu-ATSM microPET Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia in Mammary Tumor Model: Compartmental Modeling and Immunohistochemistry Analysis.” In International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 63:S251–S251. Elsevier BV, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.427.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., H. Yuan, L. W. Hedlund, T. G. Turkington, G. Akabani, A. Badea, W. C. Kurylo, et al. “Utilizing MRI information to estimate F18-FDG distributions in rat flank tumors.” In Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 4:2488–92, 2004.
  - Akabani, G., D. A. Rizzieri, M. R. Zalutsky, R. E. Coleman, S. D. Metzler, J. E. Bowsher, B. Toaso, et al. “Phase I trial study of [131]I-labeled chimeric 81C6 mAb for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.” In European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 31:S222–S222. SPRINGER, 2004.
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  - Tornai, M. P., C. N. Archer, and J. E. Bowsher. “Non-invasive 3-dimensional molecular imaging of early breast cancer with a dedicated mammotomograph.” In Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 82:S60–S60. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, 2003.
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  - Tornai, M. P., J. E. Bowsher, C. D. Stone, D. R. Gilland, R. J. Jaszczak, and G. Enos. “Evaluation of transmission source collimation for SPECT attenuation compensation.” In 1999 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 3, 1368–72. IEEE, 1999.
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  - Trotter, D. E. G., J. E. Bowsher, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Absolute quantitation of I-131 activity distributions using a high-resolution rotating collimator: A phantom study.” In 1999 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 3, 1622–26. IEEE, 1999.
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  - MUNLEY, M. T., C. E. FLOYD, J. E. BOWSHER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “A SPATIALLY-VARIANT SPECT RECONSTRUCTION SCHEME USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.” In Conference Record of the 1992 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Vols 1 and 2, edited by G. T. Alley, 1279–81. I E E E, 1992.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., C. E. Floyd, Z. Liang, and R. E. Coleman. “Maximum-entropy And Nearest-neighbor Constraints In Spect Reconstructions (Accepted).” In 1990 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1990.693608.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, and C. E. Floyd. “Image segmentation in Bayesian reconstructions for emission computed tomography (Accepted).” In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259268.
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  - Floyd, C. E., J. E. Bowsher, M. T. Munley, G. D. Tourassi, S. Garg, A. H. Baydush, J. Y. Lo, and R. E. Coleman. “Artificial neural networks for SPECT image reconstruction with optimized weighted backprojection (Accepted).” In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259306.
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  - Floyd, C. E., M. T. Munley, G. D. Tourassi, and J. E. Bowsher. “Dual Collimation Acquisition For High Resolution, Low Noise SPECT (Accepted).” In 1990 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1990.693533.
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  - Munley, M. T., C. E. Floyd, G. D. Tourassi, and J. E. Bowshe. “Out-of-plane Photons In SPECT (Accepted).” In 1990 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1990.693612.
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  - Tourassi, G. D., C. E. Floyd, M. T. Munley, J. E. Bowsher, and R. E. Coleman. “Improved Lesion Detection In SPECT Using MLEM Reconstruction (Accepted).” In 1990 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1990.693611.
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  - Tourassi, G. D., C. E. Floyd, M. T. Munley, J. E. Bowsher, and R. E. Coleman. “Application of neural networks to lesion detection in SPECT (Accepted).” In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259305.
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