Book section · January 1, 2026
The management of surgical patients with thrombotic or bleeding diathesis is a common and challenging clinical scenario. Physicians are often asked to manage patients undergoing surgery who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonist ...
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Book section · January 1, 2026
The fibrinolytic system, also known as the plasminogen-plasmin system, is composed of plasminogen activators that convert plasminogen to the proteolytic enzyme plasmin and is maintained in a state of balance by inhibitors of plasminogen activators and of p ...
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Book section · January 1, 2024
Pharmacologic approaches are an important part of bleeding management beyond the use of transfusional therapies. In addition to antifibrinolytic agents, that have an increasing role in managing traumatic, surgical, and medical bleeding, procoagulant factor ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are often anticoagulated for indications that include thromboprophylaxis, ischemic and other cardiovascular thrombotic states, and extracorporeal circulation. The non-vitamin K direct oral anticoagulation agents (DOACs) i ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Postoperative cardiovascular dysfunction is increasingly common as older and increasingly more critically ill patients undergo cardiac surgery. Biventricular dysfunction and circulatory changes occur after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and in patients under ...
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Book section · January 1, 2023
Cardiac surgical patients are at significant risk for bleeding. Certain patients are at a greater risk for bleeding and a need for transfusions. Variables that are important risk factors include (1) advanced age, (2) low preoperative red blood cell volume ...
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Book section · January 1, 2021
In patients following aortic surgery, the prevention and treatment of bleeding requires a multimodal approach that includes targeting fibrinogen and platelet repletion, the use of anti-fibrinolytic agents, and evaluating surgical sources of bleeding. Proth ...
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Book section · October 12, 2020
Anticoagulant therapies are widely used for the prevention of thrombotic events but are associated with the potential risk of bleeding as in the case of vitamin K antagonists including warfarin. The nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are target speci ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Anticoagulant therapies are widely used for the prevention of thrombotic events, but are associated with a risk of bleeding. The advent of the newer oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that are target specific (i.e., factor IIa or Xa inhibitors) further compounds ...
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Book section · June 3, 2014
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated complication of heparin adminictyation that occurs in approximately 0.5-5% of patients receiving heparin. HIT is a prothrombotic disorder that presents with a 50% decrease in platelet count and/o ...
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Book section · January 1, 2007
Trauma and critically ill patients encounter numerous foreign antigens during their medical care, by parenteral exposure (e.g., drugs, blood products, contrast agents, preservatives) or environmental contact (e.g., latex and skin preparation solutions), as ...
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