Book section · January 1, 2021
In this chapter, we argue that high lev els of violence result when extreme re source deprivation is sustained in cities from decade to decade. Thus, we offer the first empirical test of resource deprivation conceptualized in this manner. Using an index of ...
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Book section · January 1, 2019
Mathematical demography is the subfield of demography that is concerned with developing and refining measures and methods for studying population composition and change. Historically, demographers used population level data to compute measures of the key c ...
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Book section · July 5, 2017
Much recent research and debate in criminology have centered around how to conceptualize and model longitudinal sequences of delinquent and criminal acts committed by individuals. Two approaches dominate this controversy. One originates in the criminal car ...
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Book section · January 1, 2017
This chapter commences with a review of the theory of models as cognitive tools/linguistic devices by which we order and organize experiences and observations. Within the context of the theory of models, we then turn to the question of scalability of compo ...
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Book section · October 6, 2016
Demography of aging is a subfield of demography that focuses on the older members of a population as well as the processes and consequences of population aging. Research in the demography of aging examines a number of topics, including the state and status ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
The growth in interest in the biodemography of human aging, health, and longevity is motivated by the desire to better understand the factors and mechanisms responsible for age patterns and time trends in human mortality rates and survival curves. The avai ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Age is a major risk factor for phenotypes characterizing human health, well-being, and survival in late life. The risks of these phenotypes expressed in forms of pathological dysregulation of physiological functions, incidence or prevalence of diseases, ca ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
The analyses conducted in Part I did not exhaust all factors affecting age patterns of age-related changes in health and mortality. They actually provided a strong rationale for conducting more detailed analyses which require advanced methods of mathematic ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Longitudinal data play a pivotal role in discovering different aspects of knowledge related to aging, health, and longevity. There are many statistical methods for the analysis of longitudinal data, which is one of the most prolific areas of statistical sc ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Life expectancy in humans worldwide has been experiencing dramatic increases for the past two centuries (Oeppen and Vaupel 2002). In most countries, the extension of lifespan is associated with a transition from a long historical period of high fertility a ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
It is well known from epidemiological research that values of indices describing physiological states at a given age may influence human morbidity and mortality risks. Studies of the connections between aging and life span suggest that the dynamic properti ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Decades of studies of candidate genes show that they are not linked to aging-related traits in a straightforward manner. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reached fundamentally the same conclusion by showing that traits in late life are li ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Various approaches to statistical model building and data analysis that incorporate unobserved heterogeneity are ubiquitous in different scientific disciplines. Frailty models introduce the concept of unobserved or hidden heterogeneity in survival analysis ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
A better understanding of relationships among human aging, health, and longevity requires integrative statistical methods capable of taking into account relevant knowledge accumulated in the field when extracting useful information from the data. In this c ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Despite broad interest in the mechanisms responsible for human aging and numerous efforts to identify factors contributing to morbidity, biological senescence, and longevity, these processes still remain elusive. This makes the systemic description of agin ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
The tremendous research potential of U.S. Medicare data for evaluation of current, and forecasting of future, patterns of aging-related diseases among older U.S. adults remains largely unexplored. In this chapter, we present and discuss the results of a se ...
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Book section · January 1, 2016
Aging-related deterioration in health impacts an important economic component: the medical costs associated with disease diagnosis and treatment. Because almost all U.S. residents aged 65+ years old are covered by the Medicare system, prediction of future ...
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Book section · January 1, 2015
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite social indicator/wellbeing index. Its intellectual/disciplinary roots lie in welfare economics, development economics, and the social indicators movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The objective of the HDI is t ...
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Book section · January 1, 2015
The editors of this volume have identified their goal as describing "… how research is really done, not just focusing on the end result-new methods or data sets” that is, to provide "… case studies, not of the innovations themselves, but of the thought pro ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
The tremendous reduction in fertility rates combined with baby boomers entering the labor force has resulted in a demographic “dividend” in China since the 1980s, which features a low child dependency ratio, still not-yet high elderly dependency ratio, and ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presents projections of households and living arrangements for the five decades from 2000 to 2050 with medium, small, and large family scenarios, for each of the 50 states, DC, six counties of Southern California, and the Minneapolis-St. Pa ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
One useful way to validate a projection model and computer program is to project between two past dates for which the observations are known, and then compare the observed data with the projected data. We assessed the accuracy of the ProFamy method and pro ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
This chapter discusses the data needed for household and living arrangements projections at the national or sub-national level employing the ProFamy extended cohort-component model. ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presents a substantial extension of the ProFamy model by introducing and estimating changes in older adults’ disability status as well as related home-based care costs, with an illustrative application to China. Our extended model combines ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
To provide a summarized profile of our work, we briefly review the major findings of the ProFamy approach’s methodological issues and empirical applications to the United States and China in Sects. 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.5. We then outline the limi ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
After you click “Data Preparation” in the main menu, you will get the Data Preparation sub-menu as shown in Fig. 17.1. We describe how to prepare input data for the base population, standard schedules, and summary measures in the following sections. ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Chapter 1 ended with a description of the origins of the extended cohort-component method for projections of a population classified by household types and living arrangements, as well as the associated software known as ProFamy. This chapter presents and ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented a simple method associated with the ProFamy projection model and software to project the annual pension deficit rate based on (1) The elderly dependency ratio determined by demographic factors of fertility, mortality and migration ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
This chapter presents a tutorial with detailed explanations to help users set up the projection model. You may simply use the example input data files that accompany the software to quickly go through the main steps. ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter, we apply the ProFamy extended cohort-component model to project U.S. households by race from 2000 to 2050. We address important questions such as: How may demographic changes alter the number and proportion of different types and sizes of ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Forecasts of household vehicle consumption are important for automobile market analyses and related socioeconomic planning. This chapter employs the ProFamy extended cohort-component method to project household vehicle consumption from 2000 to 2025 across ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented the dynamics of household and living arrangements in the Eastern, Middle, and Western regions of China. The results showed that, if the current age distribution of rural-to-urban migrants with a high concentration of young people ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Chapter 15 presented households and housing demand projections in rural and urban areas of Hebei, a province with 72 million residents and a median level of socioeconomic development in China, using the most recent census and other data and the ProFamy ext ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter, we projected numbers of activities-of-daily-living disabled elderly and yearly payments and workdays of home-based care for them by age, gender, race, and living arrangements from 2010 to 2050 for the United States (with low, medium, and h ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Demographers have developed likely scenarios of changes in family households for many national and sub-national populations during the twenty-first century. These anticipated demographic changes will alter the number and proportion of different kinds of ho ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
Our projection study demonstrated that, while the population in China will be aging at a rapid speed and to a huge scale, particularly the oldest-old aged 80+, Chinese family households will continue to contract to a substantially smaller average size in t ...
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Book section · January 1, 2014
In this chapter presented and discussed the basic concepts and methodology for applying the ProFamy approach in combination with ratio methods (including the constant-share and shift-share ratio methods) to project household and living arrangement projecti ...
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Book section · January 1, 2013
Conventional linear regression models assume homoscedastic error terms. This assumption often is violated in empirical applications. Various methods for evaluating the extent of such violations and for adjusting the estimated model parameters if necessary ...
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Book section · January 1, 2012
Every generation of adults, and American adults in particular, has been concerned about the well-being of their children and youth (Moore 1999). From the stagflation and socially turbulent days of the 1970s in the US through the decline of the rust belt in ...
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Book section · January 1, 2009
After more than a generation of deregulation and a presidential declaration that the “era of big government is over, ” the political pendulum has apparently begun to swing back toward regulation. Calls for effective government action, long subdued, have gr ...
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Book section · December 1, 2008
Demography of aging is a subfield of demography that focuses on the older members of a population as well as the processes and consequences of population aging. Research in the demography of aging examines a number of topics, including the state and status ...
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