Laura Pope Hale | Scholars@Duke

Laura Pope Hale
Professor of Pathology

The Hale laboratory employs techniques of cellular and molecular biology to study mechanisms responsible for the generation of both normal immune responses and immune-mediated diseases. Research in the laboratory is mainly focused on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an immune-mediated disorder that is hypothesized to result from the abnormal immune response of a genetically susceptible host to the antigens derived from enteric bacteria. Development of optimal treatments for disease requires a detailed understanding of mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Thus current work in the laboratory is aimed at understanding triggers of intestinal inflammation and mechanisms of inflammation-associated neoplasia, in addition to developing novel therapies for IBD treatment. Ongoing research also includes investigating mechanisms that determine the immunogenicity of oral antigens, to develop novel adjuvants for oral vaccines. This work has relevance for pathogenesis and treatment of infectious diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, as well as for inflammatory bowel disease.

Dr. Hale is an expert in pathologic evaluation of colitis and immunodeficiency in both humans and mice and is board-certified in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2009
Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2006

Contact Information

207A Davison Bldg, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3712, Durham, NC 27710
laura.hale@duke.edu (919) 684-4771

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Resident, Anatomic & Clinical Pathology, Pathology, Duke University 1991 - 1995
- M.D., Duke University 1991
- Ph.D., Duke University 1990
- M.S., Rutgers University 1984
- B.S., Michigan State University 1980
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2009
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2007 - 2009
- Associate Research Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2006 - 2007
- Assistant Research Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2003 - 2006
- Assistant Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 1995 - 2003
Research
Selected Grants
- Regulation of T cell metabolism and function by IRGM proteins awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2021
- Enzyvant Monkey Study 2019 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Core D: Human Translation and Verification awarded by University of Arizona 2017 - 2020
- Core D: Human Translation and Verification awarded by University of Arizona 2017 - 2019
- Evaluating a Novel Therapy for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 2016 - 2018
- Mechanisms Underlying Colorectal Cancer Risk in IBD (PQ6) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2016
- RERF year 7 funding 2009 - 2016
- Glucose uptake and metabolism in lymphocyte fate and inflammatory bowel disease 2014 - 2015
- Chemoprevention of IBD-Associated Colon Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2011
- Mast Cells and IBD Pathogenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2009
- Novel Oral Adjuvant for Dental Vaccines awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2008
- Bromelain Proteinase Activity in IBD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2008
- Bromelain as a Biologically-Based Therapy for IBD awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2007
- Parathyroid and Thymus Transplants in DiGeorge Syndrome awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2006
- Genetics of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2006
- B3 - Andrenoceptors and MAP kinase in Adipocytes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2004
- Thymic Transplantation in Complete DiGeorge Syndrome awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2004
- Mechanisms of Age-Related Thymic Involution awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2001
- Viral Control And Immune Reconstitution In Hiv Infection awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1999
- Viral Control & Immune Reconstitution In Hiv Infection awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1999
- Mechanisms And Therapy Of Primary Immunodeficiency awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1999
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Spore In Breast Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1998
- Cd44 Isoforms And Human Breast Cancer Metastasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1998
- Cd44 Isoforms And Human Breast Cancer Metastasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1997
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Harper, Shelby N., Laura P. Hale, Michael N. Ferrandino, and Judd W. Moul. “Acute Presentation of Previously Unrecognized Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction 5 Weeks After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy..” Urology, August 14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2019.08.009.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Gowrisankar Rajam, George M. Carlone, Chen Jiang, Kouros Owzar, Greg Dugan, David Caudell, et al. “Late effects of total body irradiation on hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques..” Plos One 14, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210663.
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  - Reese, Aspen T., Fátima C. Pereira, Arno Schintlmeister, David Berry, Michael Wagner, Laura P. Hale, Anchi Wu, et al. “Microbial nitrogen limitation in the mammalian large intestine..” Nat Microbiol 3, no. 12 (December 2018): 1441–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0267-7.
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  - Ito, Reiko, Laura P. Hale, Susan M. Geyer, Jie Li, Andrew Sornborger, Junko Kajimura, Yoichiro Kusunoki, et al. “Late Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Age on Human Thymus Morphology and Function..” Radiat Res 187, no. 5 (May 2017): 589–98. https://doi.org/10.1667/RR4554.1.
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  - Liang, Jie, Hsin-I Huang, Fernanda P. Benzatti, Amelia B. Karlsson, Junyi J. Zhang, Nourhan Youssef, Averil Ma, Laura P. Hale, and Gianna E. Hammer. “Inflammatory Th1 and Th17 in the Intestine Are Each Driven by Functionally Specialized Dendritic Cells with Distinct Requirements for MyD88..” Cell Rep 17, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 1330–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.091.
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  - Hale, L. P., E. P. Kant, P. K. Greer, and W. M. Foster. “Retraction: Iron supplementation decreases severity of allergic inflammation in murine lung.” Plos One 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155387.
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  - Kajimura, Junko, Reiko Ito, Nancy R. Manley, and Laura P. Hale. “Optimization of Single- and Dual-Color Immunofluorescence Protocols for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Archival Tissues..” J Histochem Cytochem 64, no. 2 (February 2016): 112–24. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155415610792.
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  - Hart, B. E., L. P. Hale, and S. Lee. “Immunogenicity and protection conferred by a recombinant Mycobacterium marinum vaccine against Buruli ulcer.” Trials in Vaccinology 5 (January 1, 2016): 88–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.001.
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  - Nagy, Eniko, Ramona M. Rodriguiz, William C. Wetsel, Nancie J. MacIver, and Laura P. Hale. “Reproduction and Growth in a Murine Model of Early Life-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease..” Plos One 11, no. 4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152764.
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  - Hart, Bryan E., Laura P. Hale, and Sunhee Lee. “Recombinant BCG Expressing Mycobacterium ulcerans Ag85A Imparts Enhanced Protection against Experimental Buruli ulcer..” Plos Negl Trop Dis 9, no. 9 (September 2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004046.
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  - Gerriets, Valerie A., Rigel J. Kishton, Amanda G. Nichols, Andrew N. Macintyre, Makoto Inoue, Olga Ilkayeva, Peter S. Winter, et al. “Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation..” J Clin Invest 125, no. 1 (January 2015): 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI76012.
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  - Macintyre, Andrew N., Valerie A. Gerriets, Amanda G. Nichols, Ryan D. Michalek, Michael C. Rudolph, Divino Deoliveira, Steven M. Anderson, et al. “The glucose transporter Glut1 is selectively essential for CD4 T cell activation and effector function..” Cell Metab 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.004.
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  - Hale, L. P., E. P. Kant, P. K. Greer, and W. M. Foster. “Correction: Iron supplementation decreases severity of allergic inflammation in murine lung (PLoS ONE).” Plos One 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1371/annotation/5e0195b6-60b9-4c03-84ae-c6c31e625be1.
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  - Karhausen, Jörn, Ma Qing, Amelia Gibson, Adam J. Moeser, Harald Griefingholt, Laura P. Hale, Soman N. Abraham, and G Burkhard Mackensen. “Intestinal mast cells mediate gut injury and systemic inflammation in a rat model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest..” Crit Care Med 41, no. 9 (September 2013): e200–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827cac7a.
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  - Kolstad, April M., Ramona M. Rodriguiz, Caroline J. Kim, and Laura P. Hale. “Effect of pain management on immunization efficacy in mice..” J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 51, no. 4 (July 2012): 448–57.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Erin Potts Kant, Paula K. Greer, and W Michael Foster. “Iron supplementation decreases severity of allergic inflammation in murine lung..” Plos One 7, no. 9 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045667.
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  - Hale, Laura P., and Paula K. Greer. “A novel murine model of inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-associated colon cancer with ulcerative colitis-like features..” Plos One 7, no. 7 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041797.
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  - Kolstad, A. M., C. Kim, R. M. Rodriguiz, and L. P. Hale. “Effect of Pain Management on Immunization Efficacy in Mice.” Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 50, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 789–789.
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  - Hampton, Daniel D., and Laura P. Hale. “Mast cells are critical for protection against peptic ulcers induced by the NSAID piroxicam..” Plos One 6, no. 8 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023669.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Maciej Chichlowski, Chau T. Trinh, and Paula K. Greer. “Dietary supplementation with fresh pineapple juice decreases inflammation and colonic neoplasia in IL-10-deficient mice with colitis..” Inflamm Bowel Dis 16, no. 12 (December 2010): 2012–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.21320.
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  - Olofsson, Louise E., Bob Olsson, Theodore Lystig, Peter Jacobson, Margareta Jernås, Kajsa Sjöholm, Anders Gummesson, et al. “Preliminary report: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein genotype and serum levels are associated with serum lipids..” Metabolism 59, no. 9 (September 2010): 1316–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.006.
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  - Chichlowski, Maciej, Greg S. Westwood, Soman N. Abraham, and Laura P. Hale. “Role of mast cells in inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-associated colorectal neoplasia in IL-10-deficient mice..” Plos One 5, no. 8 (August 17, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012220.
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  - Vanderford, Deborah A., Paula K. Greer, Julie M. Sharp, Maciej Chichlowski, D Clayburn Rouse, M Angelica Selim, and Laura P. Hale. “Alopecia in IL-10-deficient mouse pups is c-kit-dependent and can be triggered by iron deficiency..” Exp Dermatol 19, no. 6 (June 2010): 518–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01032.x.
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  - McGowen, Afton L., Laura P. Hale, Christopher P. Shelburne, Soman N. Abraham, and Herman F. Staats. “The mast cell activator compound 48/80 is safe and effective when used as an adjuvant for intradermal immunization with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen..” Vaccine 27, no. 27 (June 2, 2009): 3544–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.069.
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  - Ma, Qi, Lucas E. Cavallin, Bin Yan, Shoukang Zhu, Elda Margarita Duran, Huili Wang, Laura P. Hale, et al. “Antitumorigenesis of antioxidants in a transgenic Rac1 model of Kaposi's sarcoma..” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 21 (May 26, 2009): 8683–88. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812688106.
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  - Chichlowski, Maciej, and Laura P. Hale. “Effects of Helicobacter infection on research: the case for eradication of Helicobacter from rodent research colonies..” Comp Med 59, no. 1 (February 2009): 10–17.
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  - Li, Bin, Jie Li, Chia-San Hsieh, Laura P. Hale, Yi-Ju Li, Blythe H. Devlin, and M Louise Markert. “Characterization of cultured thymus tissue used for transplantation with emphasis on promiscuous expression of thyroid tissue-specific genes..” Immunol Res 44, no. 1–3 (2009): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8083-4.
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  - Chichlowski, Maciej, Julie M. Sharp, Deborah A. Vanderford, Matthew H. Myles, and Laura P. Hale. “Helicobacter typhlonius and Helicobacter rodentium differentially affect the severity of colon inflammation and inflammation-associated neoplasia in IL10-deficient mice..” Comp Med 58, no. 6 (December 2008): 534–41.
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  - Chichlowski, Maciej, and Laura P. Hale. “Bacterial-mucosal interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: an alliance gone bad..” Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295, no. 6 (December 2008): G1139–49. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90516.2008.
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  - Markert, M. L., B. H. Devlin, E. A. McCarthy, I. K. Chinn, and L. P. Hale. “Thymus transplantation,” December 1, 2008, 255–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0828-1_30.
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  - Sharp, Julie M., Deborah A. Vanderford, Maciej Chichlowski, Matthew H. Myles, and Laura P. Hale. “Helicobacter infection decreases reproductive performance of IL10-deficient mice..” Comp Med 58, no. 5 (October 2008): 447–53.
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  - Fitzhugh, David J., Siqing Shan, Mark W. Dewhirst, and Laura P. Hale. “Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation..” Clin Immunol 128, no. 1 (July 2008): 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2008.02.015.
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  - Markert, M Louise, Jie Li, Blythe H. Devlin, Jeffrey C. Hoehner, Henry E. Rice, Michael A. Skinner, Yi-Ju Li, and Laura P. Hale. “Use of allograft biopsies to assess thymopoiesis after thymus transplantation..” J Immunol 180, no. 9 (May 1, 2008): 6354–64. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6354.
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  - Chichlowski, Maciej, Julie M. Sharp, Deborah A. Vanderford, Matthew H. Myles, and Laura P. Hale. “Effects of Helicobacter typhlonius and H. rodentium Infections in IL-10-deficient Mice.” Faseb Journal 22 (April 1, 2008).
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  - Hale, Laura P., and George Cianciolo. “Treatment of experimental colitis in mice with LMP-420, an inhibitor of TNF transcription..” J Inflamm (Lond) 5 (March 10, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-5-4.
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  - Onken, Jane E., Paula K. Greer, Brian Calingaert, and Laura P. Hale. “Bromelain treatment decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by colon biopsies in vitro..” Clin Immunol 126, no. 3 (March 2008): 345–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.002.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Dinushi Perera, Marcia R. Gottfried, Lillian Maggio-Price, Sudha Srinivasan, and Douglas Marchuk. “Neonatal co-infection with helicobacter species markedly accelerates the development of inflammation-associated colonic neoplasia in IL-10(-/-) mice..” Helicobacter 12, no. 6 (December 2007): 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00552.x.
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  - Markert, M Louise, Blythe H. Devlin, Marilyn J. Alexieff, Jie Li, Elizabeth A. McCarthy, Stephanie E. Gupton, Ivan K. Chinn, et al. “Review of 54 patients with complete DiGeorge anomaly enrolled in protocols for thymus transplantation: outcome of 44 consecutive transplants..” Blood 109, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 4539–47. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-10-048652.
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  - Swidsinski, A., O. Göktas, C. Bessler, V. Loening-Baucke, L. P. Hale, H. Andree, M. Weizenegger, M. Hölzl, H. Scherer, and H. Lochs. “Spatial organisation of microbiota in quiescent adenoiditis and tonsillitis..” J Clin Pathol 60, no. 3 (March 2007): 253–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2006.037309.
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  - Hale, Laura P., David J. Fitzhugh, and Herman F. Staats. “Oral immunogenicity of the plant proteinase bromelain..” Int Immunopharmacol 6, no. 13–14 (December 20, 2006): 2038–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.007.
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  - Plummer, Nicholas W., Teresa L. Squire, Sudha Srinivasan, Elizabeth Huang, Jon S. Zawistowski, Hiroaki Matsunami, Laura P. Hale, and Douglas A. Marchuk. “Neuronal expression of the Ccm2 gene in a new mouse model of cerebral cavernous malformations..” Mamm Genome 17, no. 2 (February 2006): 119–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-005-0098-8.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Alexander Swidsinski, and Werner Mendling. “Bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis..” N Engl J Med 354, no. 2 (January 12, 2006): 202–3. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc053336.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Marcia R. Gottfried, and Alexander Swidsinski. “Piroxicam treatment of IL-10-deficient mice enhances colonic epithelial apoptosis and mucosal exposure to intestinal bacteria..” Inflamm Bowel Dis 11, no. 12 (December 2005): 1060–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mib.0000187582.90423.bc.
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  - Swidsinski, Alexander, Werner Mendling, Vera Loening-Baucke, Axel Ladhoff, Sonja Swidsinski, Laura P. Hale, and Herbert Lochs. “Adherent biofilms in bacterial vaginosis..” Obstet Gynecol 106, no. 5 Pt 1 (November 2005): 1013–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000183594.45524.d2.
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  - Sempowski, Gregory D., Charles B. Hicks, Joseph J. Eron, John A. Bartlett, Laura P. Hale, Guido Ferrari, Lloyd J. Edwards, Susan Fiscus, and Barton F. Haynes. “Naïve T cells are maintained in the periphery during the first 3 months of acute HIV-1 infection: implications for analysis of thymus function..” J Clin Immunol 25, no. 5 (September 2005): 462–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-005-5635-4.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Paula K. Greer, Chau T. Trinh, and Marcia R. Gottfried. “Treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease..” Clin Immunol 116, no. 2 (August 2005): 135–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2005.04.011.
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  - Swidsinski, Alexander, Jutta Weber, Vera Loening-Baucke, Laura P. Hale, and Herbert Lochs. “Spatial organization and composition of the mucosal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease..” J Clin Microbiol 43, no. 7 (July 2005): 3380–89. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.7.3380-3389.2005.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Paula K. Greer, Chau T. Trinh, and Cindy L. James. “Proteinase activity and stability of natural bromelain preparations..” Int Immunopharmacol 5, no. 4 (April 2005): 783–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.007.
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  - Swidsinski, A., P. Schlien, A. Pernthaler, U. Gottschalk, E. Bärlehner, G. Decker, S. Swidsinski, et al. “Bacterial biofilm within diseased pancreatic and biliary tracts..” Gut 54, no. 3 (March 2005): 388–95. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2004.043059.
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  - Swidsinski, Alexander, Vera Loening-Baucke, Herbert Lochs, and Laura-P Hale. “Spatial organization of bacterial flora in normal and inflamed intestine: a fluorescence in situ hybridization study in mice..” World J Gastroenterol 11, no. 8 (February 28, 2005): 1131–40. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i8.1131.
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  - Swidsinski, A., W. Mendling, V. Loening-Baucke, A. Ladhoff, S. Swidsinski, L. P. Hale, and H. Lochs. “Adherent biofilms in bacterial vaginosis.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 106, no. 5 I (2005): 1013–23.
  - Rice, Henry E., Michael A. Skinner, Samuel M. Mahaffey, Keith T. Oldham, Richard J. Ing, Laura P. Hale, and M Louise Markert. “Thymic transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: medical and surgical considerations..” J Pediatr Surg 39, no. 11 (November 2004): 1607–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.07.020.
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  - Markert, M Louise, Marilyn J. Alexieff, Jie Li, Marcella Sarzotti, Daniel A. Ozaki, Blythe H. Devlin, Debra A. Sedlak, et al. “Postnatal thymus transplantation with immunosuppression as treatment for DiGeorge syndrome..” Blood 104, no. 8 (October 15, 2004): 2574–81. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-08-2984.
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  - Madden, John F., James L. Burchette, and Laura P. Hale. “Pathology of parainfluenza virus infection in patients with congenital immunodeficiency syndromes..” Hum Pathol 35, no. 5 (May 2004): 594–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2003.11.012.
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  - Markert, M Louise, Marilyn J. Alexieff, Jie Li, Marcella Sarzotti, Daniel A. Ozaki, Blythe H. Devlin, Gregory D. Sempowski, et al. “Complete DiGeorge syndrome: development of rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal T cells in 5 cases..” J Allergy Clin Immunol 113, no. 4 (April 2004): 734–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.01.766.
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  - Hale, Laura P. “Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice..” Int Immunopharmacol 4, no. 2 (February 2004): 255–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2003.12.010.
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  - Hale, Laura P. “Histologic and molecular assessment of human thymus..” Ann Diagn Pathol 8, no. 1 (February 2004): 50–60.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Rebecca H. Buckley, Jennifer M. Puck, and Dhavalkumar D. Patel. “Abnormal development of thymic dendritic and epithelial cells in human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency..” Clin Immunol 110, no. 1 (January 2004): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2003.09.002.
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  - Hale, Laura P., and M Louise Markert. “Corticosteroids regulate epithelial cell differentiation and Hassall body formation in the human thymus..” J Immunol 172, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 617–24. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.617.
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  - Markert, M Louise, Marcella Sarzotti, Daniel A. Ozaki, Gregory D. Sempowski, Maria E. Rhein, Laura P. Hale, Francoise Le Deist, et al. “Thymus transplantation in complete DiGeorge syndrome: immunologic and safety evaluations in 12 patients..” Blood 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 1121–30. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-08-2545.
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  - Srinivasan, Sudha, Martha A. Hanes, Tayeashai Dickens, Mary E. M. Porteous, S Paul Oh, Laura P. Hale, and Douglas A. Marchuk. “A mouse model for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) type 2..” Hum Mol Genet 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 473–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddg050.
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  - Snyder, Matthew J., William D. Bradford, Priya S. Kishnani, and Laura P. Hale. “Idiopathic hyperammonemia following an unrelated cord blood transplant for mucopolysaccharidosis I..” Pediatr Dev Pathol 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10024-001-0271-3.
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  - Flores, Kristina G., Kimberly A. McAllister, Paula K. Greer, Roger W. Wiseman, and Laura P. Hale. “Thymic model for examining BRCA2 expression and function..” Mol Carcinog 35, no. 3 (November 2002): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.10081.
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  - Hale, L. P. “2C9 anti-BRCA2.” Hybridoma and Hybridomics 21, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 399–399.
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  - Gilliam, Lisa K., Edward K. Lobenhofer, Paula K. Greer, Richard M. Scearce, Frank D. Cirisano, Jeffrey R. Marks, and Laura P. Hale. “BRCA2 monoclonal antibodies react with differentiating epithelium..” Hybrid Hybridomics 21, no. 4 (August 2002): 261–69. https://doi.org/10.1089/153685902760213877.
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  - Hale, Laura P. “Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein regulates melanin production by normal and malignant melanocytes..” J Invest Dermatol 119, no. 2 (August 2002): 464–70. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01813.x.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Paula K. Greer, and Gregory D. Sempowski. “Bromelain treatment alters leukocyte expression of cell surface molecules involved in cellular adhesion and activation..” Clin Immunol 104, no. 2 (August 2002): 183–90.
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  - Hale, L. P., R. D. Braun, W. M. Gwinn, P. K. Greer, and M. W. Dewhirst. “Hypoxia in the thymus: Role of oxygen tension in thymocyte survival.” American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 4 51-4 (June 29, 2002).
  - Hale, L. P., and M. L. Markert. “Corticosteroids may regulate epithelial cell differentiation and Hassall body formation in the thymus..” Clinical Immunology 103, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): S36–S36.
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  - Hale, L. P., and P. K. Greer. “Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein contributes to tumor-associated thymic atrophy..” Clinical Immunology 103, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): S36–37.
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  - Markert, M. L., M. Sarzotti, D. A. Ozaki, G. D. Sempowski, M. E. Rhein, L. P. Hale, M. A. Alexieff, and J. Li. “Thymic transplantation in complete DiGeorge syndrome..” Clinical Immunology 103, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): S77–78.
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  - Markert, M. L., M. Sarzotti, D. A. Ozaki, L. P. Hale, M. A. Alexieff, and J. Li. “Thymus transplantation after immunosuppression with thymoglobulin..” Clinical Immunology 103, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): S88–S88.
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  - Pan, Lihua, Jenifer Hanrahan, Jie Li, Laura P. Hale, and Yuan Zhuang. “An analysis of T cell intrinsic roles of E2A by conditional gene disruption in the thymus..” J Immunol 168, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 3923–32. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.3923.
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  - Hale, Laura P., Rod D. Braun, William M. Gwinn, Paula K. Greer, and Mark W. Dewhirst. “Hypoxia in the thymus: role of oxygen tension in thymocyte survival..” Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282, no. 4 (April 2002): H1467–77. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00682.2001.
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  - Pham, T. T. N., J. L. Burchette, N. G. Henshaw, and L. P. Hale. “Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients.” Laboratory Investigation 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 8A-8A.
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  - Pham, T. T. N., J. L. Burchette, N. G. Henshaw, and L. P. Hale. “Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients.” Modern Pathology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 8A-8A.
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  - Markert, M. L., A. P. Alvarez-McLeod, G. D. Sempowski, L. P. Hale, J. M. Horvatinovich, K. J. Weinhold, J. A. Bartlett, T. A. D’Amico, and B. F. Haynes. “Thymopoiesis in HIV-infected adults after highly active antiretroviral therapy..” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 17, no. 17 (November 20, 2001): 1635–43. https://doi.org/10.1089/088922201753342040.
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  - Flores, K. G., J. Li, and L. P. Hale. “B cells in epithelial and perivascular compartments of human adult thymus..” Hum Pathol 32, no. 9 (September 2001): 926–34. https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2001.27106.
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  - Hale, L. P., A. G. Clark, J. Li, P. K. Greer, and V. Byers Kraus. “Age-related thymic atrophy in the guinea pig..” Dev Comp Immunol 25, no. 5–6 (June 2001): 509–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00071-9.
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  - Hale, L. P., D. T. Price, L. M. Sanchez, W. Demark-Wahnefried, and J. F. Madden. “Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein is expressed by malignant prostatic epithelium and may serve as a potential serum marker for prostate cancer..” Clin Cancer Res 7, no. 4 (April 2001): 846–53.
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  - Zhuang, Y., L. H. Pan, J. Hanrahan, J. Li, L. P. Hale, and B. Zheng. “E2A plays both T-lineage intrinsic and extrinsic roles in T cell development.” Faseb Journal 15, no. 5 (March 8, 2001): A1194–A1194.
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  - Sempowski, G., J. Thomasch, M. Gooding, L. Hale, L. Edwards, E. Ciafaloni, D. Sanders, et al. “Effect of thymectomy on human peripheral blood T cell pools in myasthenia gravis..” J Immunol 166, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 2808–17. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2808.
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  - Sampson, J. H., L. E. Crotty, S. Lee, G. E. Archer, D. M. Ashley, C. J. Wikstrand, L. P. Hale, et al. “Unarmed, tumor-specific monoclonal antibody effectively treats brain tumors..” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, no. 13 (June 20, 2000): 7503–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.130166597.
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  - Markert, M. L., C. B. Hicks, J. A. Bartlett, J. L. Harmon, L. P. Hale, M. L. Greenberg, G. Ferrari, et al. “Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy and thymic transplantation on immunoreconstitution in HIV infection..” Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 16, no. 5 (March 20, 2000): 403–13. https://doi.org/10.1089/088922200309061.
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  - Sempowski, G. D., L. P. Hale, J. S. Sundy, J. M. Massey, R. A. Koup, D. C. Douek, D. D. Patel, and B. F. Haynes. “Leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, IL-6, and stem cell factor mRNA expression in human thymus increases with age and is associated with thymic atrophy..” J Immunol 164, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 2180–87. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.2180.
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  - Haynes, B. F., G. D. Sempowski, A. F. Wells, and L. P. Hale. “The human thymus during aging..” Immunol Res 22, no. 2–3 (2000): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.1385/IR:22:2-3:253.
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  - Haynes, B. F., M. L. Markert, G. D. Sempowski, D. D. Patel, and L. P. Hale. “The role of the thymus in immune reconstitution in aging, bone marrow transplantation, and HIV-1 infection..” Annu Rev Immunol 18 (2000): 529–60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.529.
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  - Markert, M. L., A. Boeck, L. P. Hale, A. L. Kloster, T. M. McLaughlin, M. N. Batchvarova, D. C. Douek, et al. “Transplantation of thymus tissue in complete DiGeorge syndrome..” N Engl J Med 341, no. 16 (October 14, 1999): 1180–89. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199910143411603.
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  - Flores, K. G., J. Li, G. D. Sempowski, B. F. Haynes, and L. P. Hale. “Analysis of the human thymic perivascular space during aging..” J Clin Invest 104, no. 8 (October 1999): 1031–39. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI7558.
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  - Collard, H. R., A. Boeck, T. M. Mc Laughlin, T. J. Watson, S. E. Schiff, L. P. Hale, and M. L. Markert. “Possible extrathymic development of nonfunctional T cells in a patient with complete DiGeorge syndrome..” Clin Immunol 91, no. 2 (May 1999): 156–62. https://doi.org/10.1006/clim.1999.4691.
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  - Haynes, B. F., and L. P. Hale. “Thymic function, aging, and AIDS..” Hosp Pract (1995) 34, no. 3 (March 15, 1999): 59-passim.
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  - Haynes, B. F., L. P. Hale, K. J. Weinhold, D. D. Patel, H. X. Liao, P. B. Bressler, D. M. Jones, et al. “Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection..” J Clin Invest 103, no. 4 (February 1999): 453–60. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI5201.
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  - Haynes, B. F., and L. P. Hale. “Corrigendum: The human thymus: A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid components (Immunologic Research, 18, 3).” Immunologic Research 18, no. 3 (December 1, 1998): 175–92.
  - Lin, P., J. A. Buxton, A. Acheson, C. Radziejewski, P. C. Maisonpierre, G. D. Yancopoulos, K. M. Channon, et al. “Antiangiogenic gene therapy targeting the endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2..” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, no. 15 (July 21, 1998): 8829–34. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.15.8829.
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  - Ashley, D. M., J. H. Sampson, G. E. Archer, L. P. Hale, and D. D. Bigner. “Local production of TGF beta1 inhibits cerebral edema, enhances TNF-alpha induced apoptosis and improves survival in a murine glioma model..” J Neuroimmunol 86, no. 1 (June 1, 1998): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00017-4.
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  - Lee, S. E., S. P. Johnson, L. P. Hale, J. Li, N. Bullock, H. Fuchs, A. Friedman, et al. “Analysis of DNA mismatch repair proteins in human medulloblastoma..” Clin Cancer Res 4, no. 6 (June 1998): 1415–19.
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  - Slentz-Kesler, K. A., L. P. Hale, and R. E. Kaufman. “Identification and characterization of K12 (SECTM1), a novel human gene that encodes a Golgi-associated protein with transmembrane and secreted isoforms..” Genomics 47, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 327–40. https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.5151.
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  - Ashley, D. M., F. M. Kong, D. D. Bigner, and L. P. Hale. “Endogenous expression of transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits growth and tumorigenicity and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in a murine high-grade glioma model..” Cancer Res 58, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 302–9.
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  - Haynes, B. F., and L. P. Hale. “The human thymus. A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid components..” Immunol Res 18, no. 2 (1998): 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02788750.
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  - Haynes, B. F., and L. P. Hale. “The human thymus. A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid components..” Immunol Res 18, no. 3 (1998): 175–92.
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  - Sampson, J. H., D. M. Ashley, G. E. Archer, H. E. Fuchs, G. Dranoff, L. P. Hale, and D. D. Bigner. “Characterization of a spontaneous murine astrocytoma and abrogation of its tumorigenicity by cytokine secretion..” Neurosurgery 41, no. 6 (December 1997): 1365–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199712000-00024.
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  - Ashley, D. M., B. Faiola, S. Nair, L. P. Hale, D. D. Bigner, and E. Gilboa. “Bone marrow-generated dendritic cells pulsed with tumor extracts or tumor RNA induce antitumor immunity against central nervous system tumors..” J Exp Med 186, no. 7 (October 6, 1997): 1177–82. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.7.1177.
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  - Ashley, D. M., J. H. Sampson, G. E. Archer, S. K. Batra, D. D. Bigner, and L. P. Hale. “A genetically modified allogeneic cellular vaccine generates MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic responses against tumor-associated antigens and protects against CNS tumors in vivo..” J Neuroimmunol 78, no. 1–2 (September 1997): 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00080-5.
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  - Liu, N. P., W. L. Roberts, L. P. Hale, M. C. Levesque, D. D. Patel, C. L. Lu, and G. J. Jaffe. “Expression of CD44 and variant isoforms in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells..” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38, no. 10 (September 1997): 2027–37.
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  - Hale, L. P. “Not a "bee-zoar," but a wasp..” N Engl J Med 337, no. 8 (August 21, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708213370818.
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  - Tang, M. L., L. P. Hale, D. A. Steeber, and T. F. Tedder. “L-selectin is involved in lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation in the skin: delayed rejection of allografts in L-selectin-deficient mice..” J Immunol 158, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 5191–99.
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  - Davis, C. M., T. M. McLaughlin, T. J. Watson, R. H. Buckley, S. E. Schiff, L. P. Hale, B. F. Haynes, and M. L. Markert. “Normalization of the peripheral blood T cell receptor V beta repertoire after cultured postnatal human thymic transplantation in DiGeorge syndrome..” J Clin Immunol 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 167–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1027382600143.
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  - Markert, M. L., D. D. Kostyu, F. E. Ward, T. M. McLaughlin, T. J. Watson, R. H. Buckley, S. E. Schiff, et al. “Successful formation of a chimeric human thymus allograft following transplantation of cultured postnatal human thymus..” J Immunol 158, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 998–1005.
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  - Markert, M. L., T. J. Watson, I. Kaplan, L. P. Hale, and B. F. Haynes. “The human thymic microenvironment during organ culture..” Clin Immunol Immunopathol 82, no. 1 (January 1997): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1006/clin.1996.4266.
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  - Tang, M. L. K., L. P. Hale, D. A. Steeber, and T. F. Tedder. “Role of L-selectin in lymphocyte migration to cutaneous sites of inflammation..” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 99, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1729–1729.
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  - Sampson, J. H., G. E. Archer, D. M. Ashley, H. E. Fuchs, L. P. Hale, G. Dranoff, and D. D. Bigner. “Subcutaneous vaccination with irradiated, cytokine-producing tumor cells stimulates CD8+ cell-mediated immunity against tumors located in the "immunologically privileged" central nervous system..” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, no. 19 (September 17, 1996): 10399–404. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.19.10399.
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  - Markert, M. L., C. M. Davis, F. E. Ward, D. D. Kostyu, R. H. Buckley, S. E. Schiff, T. J. Watson, et al. “Thymic transplantation for digeorge syndrome..” Faseb Journal 10, no. 6 (April 30, 1996): 373–373.
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  - Liu, N. P., W. L. Roberts, L. P. Hale, P. K. Greer, M. Levesque, D. D. Patel, C. L. Lu, and G. J. Jaffe. “Expression and density-dependent regulation of CD44 and variant isoforms in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 37, no. 3 (February 15, 1996): 1798–1798.
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  - Hale, L. P., D. D. Patel, R. E. Clark, and B. F. Haynes. “Distribution of CD44 variant isoforms in human skin: differential expression in components of benign and malignant epithelia..” J Cutan Pathol 22, no. 6 (December 1995): 536–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb01148.x.
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  - Hale, L. P., B. F. Haynes, and S. S. McCachren. “Expression of CD44 variants in human inflammatory synovitis..” J Clin Immunol 15, no. 6 (November 1995): 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01541320.
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  - MARKERT, M. L., T. J. WATSON, T. M. MCLAUGHLIN, C. A. MCGUIRE, F. E. WARD, D. KOSTYU, L. P. HALE, et al. “DEVELOPMENT OF T-CELL FUNCTION AFTER POSTNATAL THYMIC TRANSPLANTATION FOR DIGEORGE-SYNDROME.” American Journal of Human Genetics 57, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 64–64.
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  - Wikstrand, C. J., L. P. Hale, S. K. Batra, M. L. Hill, P. A. Humphrey, S. N. Kurpad, R. E. McLendon, D. Moscatello, C. N. Pegram, and C. J. Reist. “Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas..” Cancer Res 55, no. 14 (July 15, 1995): 3140–48.
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  - Wentworth, P. A., E. Celis, C. Crimi, S. Stitely, L. Hale, V. Tsai, H. M. Serra, et al. “In vitro induction of primary, antigen-specific CTL from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with synthetic peptides..” Mol Immunol 32, no. 9 (June 1995): 603–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(95)00037-f.
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  - Hale, L. P., C. J. van de Ven, D. A. Wenger, W. D. Bradford, and S. G. Kahler. “Infantile sialic acid storage disease: a rare cause of cytoplasmic vacuolation in pediatric patients..” Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 15, no. 3 (May 1995): 443–53.
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  - Patel, D. D., L. P. Hale, L. P. Whichard, G. Radcliff, C. R. Mackay, and B. F. Haynes. “Expression of CD44 molecules and CD44 ligands during human thymic fetal development: expression of CD44 isoforms is developmentally regulated..” Int Immunol 7, no. 2 (February 1995): 277–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/7.2.277.
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  - HALE, L. P., C. R. MCKAY, B. F. HAYNES, and S. S. MCCACHREN. “SYNOVIAL LINING MACROPHAGES IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS PREFERENTIALLY EXPRESS SPECIFIC CD44-VARIANT ISOFORMS COMPARED TO OTHER TISSUE MACROPHAGES.” Blood 82, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): A32–A32.
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  - Hale, L. P., and B. F. Haynes. “Bromelain treatment of human T cells removes CD44, CD45RA, E2/MIC2, CD6, CD7, CD8, and Leu 8/LAM1 surface molecules and markedly enhances CD2-mediated T cell activation..” J Immunol 149, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 3809–16.
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  - Haynes, B. F., L. P. Hale, K. L. Patton, M. E. Martin, and R. M. McCallum. “Measurement of an adhesion molecule as an indicator of inflammatory disease activity. Up-regulation of the receptor for hyaluronate (CD44) in rheumatoid arthritis..” Arthritis Rheum 34, no. 11 (November 1991): 1434–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780341115.
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  - Hale, L. P., K. H. Singer, and B. F. Haynes. “CD44 antibody against In(Lu)-related p80, lymphocyte-homing receptor molecule inhibits the binding of human erythrocytes to T cells..” J Immunol 143, no. 12 (December 15, 1989): 3944–48.
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  - Haynes, B. F., M. J. Telen, L. P. Hale, and S. M. Denning. “CD44--a molecule involved in leukocyte adherence and T-cell activation..” Immunol Today 10, no. 12 (December 1989): 423–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(89)90040-6.
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  - Hale, L. P., M. E. Martin, D. E. McCollum, J. A. Nunley, T. A. Springer, K. H. Singer, and B. F. Haynes. “Immunohistologic analysis of the distribution of cell adhesion molecules within the inflammatory synovial microenvironment..” Arthritis Rheum 32, no. 1 (January 1989): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/anr.1780320105.
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  - Haynes, B. F., L. P. Hale, S. M. Denning, P. T. Le, and K. H. Singer. “The role of leukocyte adhesion molecules in cellular interactions: implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory synovitis..” Springer Semin Immunopathol 11, no. 2 (1989): 163–85.
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  - Haynes, B. F., B. J. Grover, L. P. Whichard, L. P. Hale, J. A. Nunley, D. E. McCollum, and K. H. Singer. “Synovial microenvironment-T cell interactions. Human T cells bind to fibroblast-like synovial cells in vitro..” Arthritis Rheum 31, no. 8 (August 1988): 947–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780310802.
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  - HALE, L. P., B. J. GROVER, M. E. MARTIN, L. P. WHICHARD, K. H. SINGER, and B. F. HAYNES. “SYNOVIAL CELL-T CELL-INTERACTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY SYNOVITIS - STUDY OF THE ROLE OF THE CD2-LFA-3 ADHESION PATHWAY.” Clinical Research 36, no. 3 (April 1, 1988): A532–A532.
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- Other Articles
  - Haynes, B. F., L. P. Hale, K. J. Weinhold, D. D. Patel, H. X. Liao, P. B. Bressler, D. M. Jones, et al. “Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection..” J Clin Invest, March 15, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci5201e1.
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  - Haynes, B. F., L. P. Hale, K. J. Weinhold, D. D. Patel, H. X. Liao, P. B. Bressler, D. M. Jones, et al. “Erratum: Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection (The Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999) 103 (453- 460)).” Journal of Clinical Investigation, March 15, 1999.
- Conference Papers
  - Hayashi, Tomonori, Heather E. Lynch, Susan Geyer, Kengo Yoshida, Keiko Furudoi, Keiko Sasaki, Yukari Morishita, et al. “Impact of early life exposure to ionizing radiation on influenza vaccine response in an elderly Japanese cohort..” In Vaccine, 36:6650–59, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.054.
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  - Hammer, Gianna, Jie Liang, Hsin-I Huang, Fernanda Benzatti, Amelia Karlsson, and Laura P. Hale. “Microbiota upregulate distinct APC functions in each intestinal dendritic cell subset, in a Myd88-independent fashion.” In Journal of Immunology, Vol. 196. AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS, 2016.
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  - Hale, L. P., M. R. Gottfried, and J. E. Onken. “Bromelain treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.” In Gastroenterology, 126:A286–87. W B SAUNDERS CO, 2004.
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  - Pham, Teresa Tram N., James L. Burchette, and Laura P. Hale. “Fatal disseminated adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients..” In Am J Clin Pathol, 120:575–83, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1309/AWXD-GNC5-D70E-N7YT.
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  - Hale, L. P. “Thymic microenvironment abnormalities in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome..” In American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 118:633–633. AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, 2002.
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  - Srinivasan, S., T. Dickens, L. P. Hale, and D. A. Marchuk. “A murine model for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2..” In American Journal of Human Genetics, 71:542–542. UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2002.
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