Scholars@Duke
Philip Santoso

Philip Santoso

Assistant Professor of Political Science at Duke Kunshan University
DKU Faculty

Scholarly Works

When Does Party Cooperation Inform Voters Judgments of Policy Proximity? A Cross-National Analysis of Heuristic Use in Multi-Party Democracies

Journal article Comparative Political Studies · July 6, 2026 In complex multiparty democracies, citizens face the challenge of interpreting elite behavior to locate parties on the policy spectrum. This paper investigates when and why voters use party cooperation as a heuristic for judging the distance betwee ... Full text Open Access Cite

Out-group homogeneity as evidence of left-right identification in multi-party democracies

Journal article European Journal of Political Research · May 2026 AbstractAre citizens in western democracies developing affective attachments to the Left and Right as social-political groups? If so, one can hardly imagine a more consequential development for understand ... Full text Open Access Cite

Ties that bind? Women leaders’ voting congruence in the United Nations General Assembly

Journal article International Relations · August 26, 2025 Does the gender of political leaders shape a country’s foreign policy? Some suggest that women leaders are more likely to express similar foreign policy preferences with other women leaders, while others suggest that gender has negligible or no inf ... Full text Open Access Cite

From collaboration to convergence: Nativist attitudes among non‐radical right supporters

Journal article European Journal of Political Research · August 2025 AbstractThis study examines the impact of cooperation between radical right parties (RRPs) and non‐RRPs on the policy attitudes of non‐RRP supporters. As RRPs have gained prominence in recent years, parti ... Full text Open Access Cite

Who cooperates with whom? The role of day-to-day partisan cooperation in affective polarization

Journal article Party Politics · July 2025 Recent research has shown that partisan cooperation in the form of coalitional government in parliamentary democracies can mitigate partisans’ negative feelings toward opposing parties. However, little is known regarding the influence of informal c ... Full text Open Access Cite

What drives perceptions of partisan cooperation?

Journal article Political Science Research and Methods · October 2024 AbstractWhat drives voters' perceptions of partisan cooperation? In this note, we investigate whether voters have accurate beliefs about which parties regularly cooperate with one another, and whether these beliefs follow t ... Full text Open Access Cite

The limits of shame: UN shaming, NGO repression, and women's protests

Journal article Conflict Management and Peace Science · February 10, 2023 Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Partisan Bias in Economic Perceptions

Book section · May 29, 2020 Featuring contributions from leading scholars, this book is critical for graduate students of political science and sociology, as well as for advanced researchers investigating elections and electorates, voter trends and contemporary ... ... Cite

Survey Experiments with Google Consumer Surveys: Promise and Pitfalls for Academic Research in Social Science

Journal article Political Analysis · 2016 In this article, we evaluate the usefulness of Google Consumer Surveys (GCS) as a low-cost tool for doing rigorous social scientific work. We find that its relative strengths and weaknesses make it most useful to researchers who attempt to identify ... Full text Open Access Cite