Paul T. Costa Jr. | Scholars@Duke

Paul T. Costa Jr.
Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2013

Contact Information

4567 Clin Res II, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3926 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
costa.neo3@gmail.com (443) 938-2125

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., The University of Chicago 1970
Duke Appointment History
- Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical Psychology, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2011 - 2013
- Adjunct Associate Professor of Medical Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical Psychology, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 1994 - 2011
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Maddi, S. R., and P. T. Costa. Humanism in personology: Allport, maslow, and murray, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203789476.
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- Academic Articles
  - Calland, Alyssa R., Ilene C. Siegler, Paul T. Costa, Leanna M. Ross, Nancy Zucker, Robin French, Elizabeth Hauser, and Kim M. Huffman. “Associations of self-reported eating disorder behaviors and personality in a college-educated sample.” Appetite 151 (August 1, 2020): 104669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104669.
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  - Hock, Rebecca S., Arielle G. Rabinowitz, Cyralene P. Bryce, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Paul T Costa Jr, and Janina R. Galler. “Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment and malnutrition on personality maladaptivity in a Barbadian longitudinal cohort.” Psychiatry Res 290 (August 2020): 113016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113016.
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  - Weiss, Alexander, Paul T. Costa, Ian J. Deary, Daniel B. Garside, and Jeremiah Stamler. “The MMPI factor scales and risk of death in men during 45 years of follow-up: The Western Electric study.” Psychol Aging 35, no. 1 (February 2020): 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000421.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Understanding persons: From Stern's personalistics to Five-Factor Theory.” Personality and Individual Differences, January 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109816.
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  - Costa, Paul T., Robert R. McCrae, and Corinna E. Löckenhoff. “Personality Across the Life Span.” Annu Rev Psychol 70 (January 4, 2019): 423–48. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103244.
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  - Hock, Rebecca S., Cyralene P. Bryce, Laura Fischer, Michael B. First, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Paul T. Costa, and Janina R. Galler. “Childhood malnutrition and maltreatment are linked with personality disorder symptoms in adulthood: Results from a Barbados lifespan cohort.” Psychiatry Res 269 (November 2018): 301–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.085.
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  - Vachon, D. D., D. R. Lynam, S. E. Schell, N. S. J. Dryburgh, and P. T. Costa. “Teenagers as temporary psychopaths? Stability in normal adolescent personality suggests otherwise.” Personality and Individual Differences 131 (September 1, 2018): 117–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.035.
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  - Berg, Stéphanie M. van den, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Karin J. H. Verweij, Robert F. Krueger, Michelle Luciano, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Lindsay K. Matteson, et al. “Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium.” Behav Genet 46, no. 2 (March 2016): 170–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-015-9735-5.
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  - Genetics of Personality Consortium, Dorret I., Marleen H. M. de Moor, Stéphanie M. van den Berg, Karin J. H. Verweij, Robert F. Krueger, Michelle Luciano, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, et al. “Meta-analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies for Neuroticism, and the Polygenic Association With Major Depressive Disorder.” Jama Psychiatry 72, no. 7 (July 2015): 642–50. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0554.
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  - Davey, Adam, Ilene C. Siegler, Peter Martin, Paul T. Costa, Leonard W. Poon, and Leonard W. Georgia Centenarian Study. “Personality Structure Among Centenarians: The Georgia Centenarian Study.” Exp Aging Res 41, no. 4 (2015): 361–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2015.1053752.
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  - De Bolle, Marleen, Filip De Fruyt, Robert R. McCrae, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Paul T. Costa, Maria E. Aguilar-Vafaie, Chang-Kyu Ahn, et al. “The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study.” J Pers Soc Psychol 108, no. 1 (January 2015): 171–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038497.
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  - Hock, Rebecca S., Hochang Benjamin Lee, O Joseph Bienvenu, Gerald Nestadt, Jack F. Samuels, Jeanine M. Parisi, Paul T. Costa, and Adam P. Spira. “Personality and cognitive decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study.” Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22, no. 9 (September 2014): 917–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.217.
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  - Berg, Stéphanie M. van den, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Matt McGue, Erik Pettersson, Antonio Terracciano, Karin J. H. Verweij, Najaf Amin, et al. “Harmonization of Neuroticism and Extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: an application of Item Response Theory.” Behav Genet 44, no. 4 (July 2014): 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-014-9654-x.
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  - Costa, Paul T., Alexander Weiss, Paul R. Duberstein, Bruce Friedman, and Ilene C. Siegler. “Personality facets and all-cause mortality among Medicare patients aged 66 to 102 years: a follow-on study of Weiss and Costa (2005).” Psychosom Med 76, no. 5 (June 2014): 370–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000070.
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  - Weiss, Alexander, and Paul T. Costa. “Re: "Personality and all-cause mortality: individual-participant meta-analysis of 3,947 deaths in 76,150 adults".” Am J Epidemiol 179, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): 791–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt300.
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  - Brummett, Beverly H., Michael A. Babyak, Redford B. Williams, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Rong Jiang, William E. Kraus, Abanish Singh, Paul T. Costa, Anastasia Georgiades, and Ilene C. Siegler. “A putatively functional polymorphism in the HTR2C gene is associated with depressive symptoms in white females reporting significant life stress.” Plos One 9, no. 12 (2014): e114451. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114451.
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  - Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Melina Siamouli, Stefania Moysidou, Eleonora Pantoula, Katerina Moutou, Panagiotis Panagiotidis, Marina Kemeridou, et al. “Standardization of the NEO-PI-3 in the Greek general population.” Ann Gen Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (2014): 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-014-0036-9.
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  - Löckenhoff, C. E., W. Chan, R. R. McCrae, F. De Fruyt, L. Jussim, M. De Bolle, P. T. Costa, et al. “Gender Stereotypes of Personality: Universal and Accurate?” Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 45, no. 5 (January 1, 2014): 675–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113520075.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Wayne Chan, Lee Jussim, Filip De Fruyt, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Marleen De Bolle, Paul T. Costa, et al. “The Inaccuracy of National Character Stereotypes.” J Res Pers 47, no. 6 (December 1, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.006.
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  - Smits, Jasper A. J., Stefan G. Hofmann, David Rosenfield, Lindsey B. DeBoer, Paul T. Costa, Naomi M. Simon, Conall O’Cleirigh, et al. “D-cycloserine augmentation of cognitive behavioral group therapy of social anxiety disorder: prognostic and prescriptive variables.” J Consult Clin Psychol 81, no. 6 (December 2013): 1100–1112. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034120.
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  - Kapogiannis, Dimitrios, Angelina Sutin, Christos Davatzikos, Paul Costa, and Susan Resnick. “The five factors of personality and regional cortical variability in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.” Hum Brain Mapp 34, no. 11 (November 2013): 2829–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22108.
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  - Riffin, Catherine, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Karl Pillemer, Bruce Friedman, and Paul T. Costa. “Care recipient agreeableness is associated with caregiver subjective physical health status.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 68, no. 6 (November 2013): 927–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs114.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Michele K. Evans, and Alan B. Zonderman. “Personality assessment in a diverse urban sample.” Psychol Assess 25, no. 3 (September 2013): 1007–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032396.
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  - Amin, Najaf, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Narelle K. Hansell, A Cecile J. W. Janssens, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Pamela A. F. Madden, Irina V. Zorkoltseva, et al. “Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions.” Eur J Hum Genet 21, no. 8 (August 2013): 876–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2012.263.
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  - Galler, Janina R., Cyralene P. Bryce, Miriam L. Zichlin, Deborah P. Waber, Natalie Exner, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, and Paul T. Costa. “Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40.” J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54, no. 8 (August 2013): 911–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12066.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Wayne Chan, Yuri Milaneschi, William W. Eaton, Alan B. Zonderman, Luigi Ferrucci, and Antonio Terracciano. “I know not to, but i can't help it: weight gain and changes in impulsivity-related personality traits.” Psychol Sci 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1323–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612469212.
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  - Vachon, David D., Donald R. Lynam, Thomas A. Widiger, Joshua D. Miller, Robert R. McCrae, and Paul T. Costa. “Basic traits predict the prevalence of personality disorder across the life span: the example of psychopathy.” Psychol Sci 24, no. 5 (May 2013): 698–705. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612460249.
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  - “Erratum.” Journal of Personality 81, no. 2 (April 2013): 231–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12036.
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  - Galler, Janina R., Cyralene P. Bryce, Deborah P. Waber, Miriam L. Zichlin, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, and Paul T. Costa. “MATERNAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN CHILDHOOD AND OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE IN ADULTHOOD.” Imagin Cogn Pers 33, no. 1–2 (2013): 151–63. https://doi.org/10.2190/IC.33.1-2.e.
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  - Chan, Wayne, Robert R. Mccrae, Filip De Fruyt, Lee Jussim, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Marleen De Bolle, Paul T. Costa, et al. “Stereotypes of age differences in personality traits: universal and accurate?” J Pers Soc Psychol 103, no. 6 (December 2012): 1050–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029712.
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  - Widiger, Thomas A., and Paul T. Costa. “Integrating normal and abnormal personality structure: the Five-Factor Model.” J Pers 80, no. 6 (December 2012): 1471–1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00776.x.
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  - Tolea, Magdalena I., Luigi Ferrucci, Paul T. Costa, Kimberly Faulkner, Caterina Rosano, Suzanne Satterfield, Hilsa N. Ayonayon, Eleanor M. Simonsick, and Eleanor M. Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. “Personality and reduced incidence of walking limitation in late life: findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 67, no. 6 (November 2012): 712–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs001.
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  - Tolea, Magdalena I., Paul T. Costa, Antonio Terracciano, Luigi Ferrucci, Kimberly Faulkner, Mathilda Mace C. Coday, Hilsa N. Ayonayon, Eleanor M. Simonsick, and Eleanor M. Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. “Associations of openness and conscientiousness with walking speed decline: findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 67, no. 6 (November 2012): 705–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs030.
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  - Tolea, Magdalena I., Antonio Terracciano, Eleanor M. Simonsick, E Jeffrey Metter, Paul T. Costa, and Luigi Ferrucci. “Associations between personality traits, physical activity level, and muscle strength.” J Res Pers 46, no. 3 (June 2012): 264–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.02.002.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Antonio Terracciano, Luigi Ferrucci, and Paul T. Costa. “Five-factor personality traits and age trajectories of self-rated health: the role of question framing.” J Pers 80, no. 2 (April 2012): 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00724.x.
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  - Park, Subin, Jin Pyo Hong, Hochang B. Lee, Jack Samuels, O Joseph Bienvenu, Hye Yoon Chung, William W. Eaton, Paul T. Costa, and Gerald Nestadt. “Relationship between personality disorder dimensions and verbal memory functioning in a community population.” Psychiatry Res 196, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 109–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.012.
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  - Moor, M. H. M. de, P. T. Costa, A. Terracciano, R. F. Krueger, E. J. C. de Geus, T. Toshiko, B. W. J. H. Penninx, et al. “Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality.” Mol Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (March 2012): 337–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.128.
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  - Nestadt, G., C. Di, J. F. Samuels, Y. -. J. Cheng, O. J. Bienvenu, I. M. Reti, P. Costa, W. W. Eaton, and K. Bandeen-Roche. “Concordance between personality disorder assessment methods.” Psychol Med 42, no. 3 (March 2012): 657–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001632.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Paul R. Duberstein, Bruce Friedman, and Paul T. Costa. “Five-factor personality traits and subjective health among caregivers: the role of caregiver strain and self-efficacy.” Psychol Aging 26, no. 3 (September 2011): 592–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022209.
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  - Kolanowski, Ann, Mark Litaker, Lin Buettner, Joyel Moeller, and Paul T. Costa. “A randomized clinical trial of theory-based activities for the behavioral symptoms of dementia in nursing home residents.” J Am Geriatr Soc 59, no. 6 (June 2011): 1032–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03449.x.
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  - Reti, Irving M., Jerry Z. Xu, Jason Yanofski, Jodi McKibben, Magdalena Uhart, Yu-Jen Cheng, Peter Zandi, et al. “Monoamine oxidase A regulates antisocial personality in whites with no history of physical abuse.” Compr Psychiatry 52, no. 2 (March 2011): 188–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.05.005.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Matthew Scally, Antonio Terracciano, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, and Paul T. Costa. “An alternative to the search for single polymorphisms: toward molecular personality scales for the five-factor model.” J Pers Soc Psychol 99, no. 6 (December 2010): 1014–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020964.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Lori L. Beason-Held, Vonetta M. Dotson, Susan M. Resnick, and Paul T. Costa. “The neural correlates of Neuroticism differ by sex prospectively mediate depressive symptoms among older women.” J Affect Disord 127, no. 1–3 (December 2010): 241–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.004.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Manuela Uda, Luigi Ferrucci, David Schlessinger, and Antonio Terracciano. “Personality and metabolic syndrome.” Age (Dordr) 32, no. 4 (December 2010): 513–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-010-9153-9.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Toshiko Tanaka, Angelina R. Sutin, Serena Sanna, Barbara Deiana, Sandra Lai, Manuela Uda, et al. “Genome-wide association scan of trait depression.” Biol Psychiatry 68, no. 9 (November 1, 2010): 811–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.030.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Angelo Scuteri, Edward G. Lakatta, Kirill V. Tarasov, Luigi Ferrucci, Paul T. Costa, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, and Antonio Terracciano. “Trait antagonism and the progression of arterial thickening: women with antagonistic traits have similar carotid arterial thickness as men.” Hypertension 56, no. 4 (October 2010): 617–22. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.155317.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Elaine Wethington, and William Eaton. “Perceptions of stressful life events as turning points are associated with self-rated health and psychological distress.” Anxiety Stress Coping 23, no. 5 (October 2010): 479–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800903552015.
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  - Sutin, A. R., A. Terracciano, B. Deiana, S. Naitza, L. Ferrucci, M. Uda, D. Schlessinger, and P. T. Costa. “High neuroticism and low conscientiousness are associated with interleukin-6.” Psychol Med 40, no. 9 (September 2010): 1485–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709992029.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Elaine Wethington, and William Eaton. “Turning points and lessons learned: stressful life events and personality trait development across middle adulthood.” Psychol Aging 25, no. 3 (September 2010): 524–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018751.
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  - Siegler, Ilene C., Redford B. Williams, Barbara K. Rimer, David C. Rubin, Beverly H. Brummett, John C. Barefoot, and Paul T. Costa. “WHEN I'M 64: FINDINGS FROM THE UNC ALUMNI HEART STUDY.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 17 (August 1, 2010): 9–10.
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  - Terracciano, A., B. Martin, D. Ansari, T. Tanaka, L. Ferrucci, S. Maudsley, M. P. Mattson, and P. T. Costa. “Plasma BDNF concentration, Val66Met genetic variant and depression-related personality traits.” Genes Brain Behav 9, no. 5 (July 2010): 512–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00579.x.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Antonio Terracciano, Filip De Fruyt, Marleen De Bolle, Michele J. Gelfand, Paul T. Costa, and Paul T. 42 Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project. “The validity and structure of culture-level personality scores: data from ratings of young adolescents.” J Pers 78, no. 3 (June 2010): 815–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00634.x.
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  - Shaw, T. H., G. Matthews, J. S. Warm, V. S. Finomore, L. Silverman, and P. T. Costa. “Individual differences in vigilance: Personality, ability and states of stress.” Journal of Research in Personality 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.007.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Antonio Terracciano, Luigi Ferrucci, and Paul T. Costa. “Teeth Grinding: Is Emotional Stability related to Bruxism?” J Res Pers 44, no. 3 (June 2010): 402–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.03.006.
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  - Terracciano, A., S. Sanna, M. Uda, B. Deiana, G. Usala, F. Busonero, A. Maschio, et al. “Genome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personality.” Mol Psychiatry 15, no. 6 (June 2010): 647–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.113.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Antonio Terracciano, Barbara Deiana, Manuela Uda, David Schlessinger, Edward G. Lakatta, and Paul T. Costa. “Cholesterol, triglycerides, and the Five-Factor Model of personality.” Biol Psychol 84, no. 2 (May 2010): 186–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.012.
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  - Costa, Paul T., and Robert R. McCrae. “Bridging the gap with the five-factor model.” Personal Disord 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 127–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020264.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Toshiko Tanaka, Angelina R. Sutin, Barbara Deiana, Lenuta Balaci, Serena Sanna, Nazario Olla, et al. “BDNF Val66Met is associated with introversion and interacts with 5-HTTLPR to influence neuroticism.” Neuropsychopharmacology 35, no. 5 (April 2010): 1083–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.213.
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  - Tolea, Magdalena I., Paul T. Costa, Antonio Terracciano, Michael Griswold, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Samer S. Najjar, Angelo Scuteri, et al. “Sex-specific correlates of walking speed in a wide age-ranged population.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 65B, no. 2 (March 2010): 174–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp130.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., and Paul T. Costa. “Reciprocal influences of personality and job characteristics across middle adulthood.” J Pers 78, no. 1 (February 2010): 257–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00615.x.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Robert R. McCrae, and Paul T. Costa. “Intra-individual Change in Personality Stability and Age.” J Res Pers 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.006.
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  - Nestadt, Gerald, Chongzhi Di, J. F. Samuels, O. J. Bienvenu, I. M. Reti, P. Costa, William W. Eaton, and Karen Bandeen-Roche. “The stability of DSM personality disorders over twelve to eighteen years.” J Psychiatr Res 44, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.06.009.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Lenuta Balaci, Jason Thayer, Matthew Scally, Sarah Kokinos, Luigi Ferrucci, Toshiko Tanaka, et al. “Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO-PI-R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples.” Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B, no. 8 (December 5, 2009): 1070–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30932.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Filip De Fruyt, Antonio Terracciano, Robert R. McCrae, Marleen De Bolle, Paul T. Costa, Maria E. Aguilar-Vafaie, et al. “Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates.” Psychol Aging 24, no. 4 (December 2009): 941–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016901.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Lori L. Beason-Held, Susan M. Resnick, and Paul T. Costa. “Sex differences in resting-state neural correlates of openness to experience among older adults.” Cereb Cortex 19, no. 12 (December 2009): 2797–2802. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp066.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Gail H. Ironson, Conall O’Cleirigh, and Paul T. Costa. “Five-factor model personality traits, spirituality/religiousness, and mental health among people living with HIV.” J Pers 77, no. 5 (October 2009): 1411–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00587.x.
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  - Traupman, Emily K., Timothy W. Smith, Bert N. Uchino, Cynthia A. Berg, Krista K. Trobst, and Paul T. Costa. “Interpersonal Circumplex Octant, Control, and Affiliation Scales for the NEO-PI-R.” Pers Individ Dif 47, no. 5 (October 2009): 457–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.018.
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  - De Fruyt, Filip, Marleen De Bolle, Robert R. McCrae, Antonio Terracciano, Paul T. Costa, and Paul T. Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project. “Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence: The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures.” Assessment 16, no. 3 (September 2009): 301–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109333760.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Antonio Terracciano, and Paul T. Costa. “Five-factor model personality traits and the retirement transition: longitudinal and cross-sectional associations.” Psychol Aging 24, no. 3 (September 2009): 722–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015121.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Angelina R. Sutin, Robert R. McCrae, Barbara Deiana, Luigi Ferrucci, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, and Paul T. Costa. “Facets of personality linked to underweight and overweight.” Psychosom Med 71, no. 6 (July 2009): 682–89. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a2925b.
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  - Weiss, Alexander, Angelina R. Sutin, Paul R. Duberstein, Bruce Friedman, R Michael Bagby, and Paul T. Costa. “The personality domains and styles of the five-factor model are related to incident depression in Medicare recipients aged 65 to 100.” Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17, no. 7 (July 2009): 591–601. https://doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e31819d859d.
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  - Williams, Leanne M., Justine M. Gatt, Stacey A. Kuan, Carol Dobson-Stone, Donna M. Palmer, Robert H. Paul, Le Song, Paul T. Costa, Peter R. Schofield, and Evian Gordon. “A polymorphism of the MAOA gene is associated with emotional brain markers and personality traits on an antisocial index.” Neuropsychopharmacology 34, no. 7 (June 2009): 1797–1809. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.1.
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  - Givens, Jane L., Maureen Frederick, Leanne Silverman, Stacy Anderson, Joanna Senville, Margery Silver, Paola Sebastiani, Dellara F. Terry, Paul T. Costa, and Thomas T. Perls. “Personality traits of centenarians' offspring.” J Am Geriatr Soc 57, no. 4 (April 2009): 683–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02189.x.
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  - Sutin, Angelina R., Paul T. Costa, Richard Miech, and William W. Eaton. “Personality and Career Success: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations.” Eur J Pers 23, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.704.
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  - Wilberg, Theresa, Sigmund Karterud, Geir Pedersen, Øyvind Urnes, and Paul T. Costa. “Nineteen-month stability of Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain and facet scores in patients with personality disorders.” J Nerv Ment Dis 197, no. 3 (March 2009): 187–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181923fa0.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Antonio Terracciano, Nicholas S. Patriciu, William W. Eaton, and Paul T. Costa. “Self-reported extremely adverse life events and longitudinal changes in five-factor model personality traits in an urban sample.” J Trauma Stress 22, no. 1 (February 2009): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20385.
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  - Löckenhoff, C. E., A. R. Sutin, L. Ferrucci, and P. T. Costa. “Personality traits and subjective health in the later years: The association between NEO-PI-R and SF-36 in advanced age is influenced by health status.” Journal of Research in Personality 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 1334–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.05.006.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Thomas A. Martin, Martina Hrebícková, Tomás Urbánek, Dorret I. Boomsma, Gonneke Willemsen, and Paul T. Costa. “Personality trait similarity between spouses in four cultures.” J Pers 76, no. 5 (October 2008): 1137–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00517.x.
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  - Terracciano, A., R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “Personality traits: Stability and change with age.” Geriatrics and Aging 11, no. 8 (September 1, 2008): 474–78.
  - Terracciano, Antonio, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Alan B. Zonderman, Luigi Ferrucci, and Paul T. Costa. “Personality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness.” Psychosom Med 70, no. 6 (July 2008): 621–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31817b9371.
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  - Bagby, R Michael, Lena C. Quilty, Zindel V. Segal, Carolina C. McBride, Sidney H. Kennedy, and Paul T. Costa. “Personality and differential treatment response in major depression: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy.” Can J Psychiatry 53, no. 6 (June 2008): 361–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370805300605.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Rosa M. Crum, O Joseph Bienvenu, and Paul T. Costa. “Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users.” Bmc Psychiatry 8 (April 11, 2008): 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-22.
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  - Bagby, R Michael, Martin Sellbom, Paul T. Costa, and Thomas A. Widiger. “PredictingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model of personality and the personality psychopathology five.” Personality and Mental Health 2, no. 2 (April 2008): 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.33.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and T. A. Martin. “Incipient adult personality: The NEO-PI-3 in middle-school-aged children.” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151007X196273.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Paul T. Costa, and Richard D. Lane. “Age differences in descriptions of emotional experiences in oneself and others.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 63, no. 2 (March 2008): P92–99. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.2.p92.
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  - Ironson, Gail H., Conall O’Cleirigh, Alexander Weiss, Neil Schneiderman, and Paul T. Costa. “Personality and HIV disease progression: role of NEO-PI-R openness, extraversion, and profiles of engagement.” Psychosom Med 70, no. 2 (February 2008): 245–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31816422fc.
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  - Brummett, Beverly H., Ilene C. Siegler, R Sue Day, and Paul T. Costa. “Personality as a predictor of dietary quality in spouses during midlife.” Behav Med 34, no. 1 (2008): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.3200/BMED.34.1.5-10.
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  - Löckenhoff, Corinna E., Antonio Terracciano, O Joseph Bienvenu, Nicholas S. Patriciu, Gerald Nestadt, Robert R. McCrae, William W. Eaton, and Paul T. Costa. “Ethnicity, Education, and the Temporal Stability of Personality Traits In the East Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.” J Res Pers 42, no. 3 (2008): 577–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.004.
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  - Nestadt, G., P. T. Costa, F. C. Hsu, J. Samuels, O. J. Bienvenu, and W. W. Eaton. “The relationship between the five-factor model and latent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition personality disorder dimensions.” Psiquiatria Biologica 15, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 153–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1134-5934(08)76486-8.
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  - Nestadt, Gerald, Paul T. Costa, Fang-Chi Hsu, Jack Samuels, O Joseph Bienvenu, and William W. Eaton. “The relationship between the five-factor model and latent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorder dimensions.” Compr Psychiatry 49, no. 1 (January 2008): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.015.
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  - Ryder, Andrew G., Paul T. Costa, and R Michael Bagby. “Evaluation of the SCID-II personality disorder traits for DSM-IV: coherence, discrimination, relations with general personality traits, and functional impairment.” J Pers Disord 21, no. 6 (December 2007): 626–37. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2007.21.6.626.
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  - Savla, J., A. Davey, P. T. Costa, and K. E. Whitfield. “Replicating the NEO-PI-R factor structure in African-American older adults.” Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 1279–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.019.
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  - Bagby, R. M., D. D. Vachon, E. L. Bulmash, T. Toneatto, L. C. Quilty, and P. T. Costa. “Pathological gambling and the five-factor model of personality.” Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 4 (September 1, 2007): 873–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.011.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Brief versions of the NEO-PI-3.” Journal of Individual Differences 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 116–28. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.28.3.116.
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  - O’Cleirigh, Conall, Gail Ironson, Alexander Weiss, and Paul T. Costa. “Conscientiousness predicts disease progression (CD4 number and viral load) in people living with HIV.” Health Psychol 26, no. 4 (July 2007): 473–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.473.
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  - Costa, Paul T., Antonio Terracciano, Manuela Uda, Loredana Vacca, Cinzia Mameli, Giuseppe Pilia, Alan B. Zonderman, Edward Lakatta, David Schlessinger, and Robert R. McCrae. “Personality traits in Sardinia: testing founder population effects on trait means and variances.” Behav Genet 37, no. 2 (March 2007): 376–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-006-9103-6.
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  - Isaacowitz, Derek M., Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Richard D. Lane, Ron Wright, Lee Sechrest, Robert Riedel, and Paul T. Costa. “Age differences in recognition of emotion in lexical stimuli and facial expressions.” Psychol Aging 22, no. 1 (March 2007): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.147.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, T. A. Martin, V. E. Oryol, I. G. Senin, and C. O’Cleirigh. “Personality correlates of HIV stigmatization in Russia and the United States.” Journal of Research in Personality 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 190–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.002.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “A five-factor theory perspective on traits and culture.” Psychologie Francaise 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 227–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2005.09.001.
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  - Pilia, Giuseppe, Wei-Min Chen, Angelo Scuteri, Marco Orrú, Giuseppe Albai, Mariano Dei, Sandra Lai, et al. “Heritability of cardiovascular and personality traits in 6,148 Sardinians.” Plos Genet 2, no. 8 (August 25, 2006): e132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020132.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Paul T. Costa, and Robert R. McCrae. “Personality plasticity after age 30.” Pers Soc Psychol Bull 32, no. 8 (August 2006): 999–1009. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206288599.
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  - Brummett, B. H., M. A. Babyak, R. B. Williams, J. C. Barefoot, P. T. Costa, and I. C. Siegler. “NEO personality domains and gender predict levels and trends in body mass index over 14 years during midlife.” Journal of Research in Personality 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 222–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.12.002.
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  - Matthews, Gerald, Amanda K. Emo, Gregory Funke, Moshe Zeidner, Richard D. Roberts, Paul T. Costa, and Ralf Schulze. “Emotional intelligence, personality, and task-induced stress.” J Exp Psychol Appl 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.12.2.96.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Robert R. McCrae, and Paul T. Costa. “Longitudinal trajectories in Guilford-Zimmerman temperament survey data: results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 61, no. 2 (March 2006): P108–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.2.p108.
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  - Costa, Paul T., and Robert R. McCrae. “Age changes in personality and their origins: comment on Roberts, Walton, and Viechtbauer (2006).” Psychol Bull 132, no. 1 (January 2006): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.26.
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  - McCrae, R. R., A. Terracciano, P. T. Costa, and D. J. Ozer. “From types to typological thinking: A reply to asendorpf.” European Journal of Personality 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 49–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.571.
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  - McCrae, R. R., A. Terracciano, P. T. Costa, and D. J. Ozer. “Person-factors in the California Adult Q-set: Closing the door on personality trait types?” European Journal of Personality 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.553.
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  - Nestadt, Gerald, Fang-Chi Hsu, Jack Samuels, O Joseph Bienvenu, Irving Reti, Paul T. Costa, and William W. Eaton. “Latent structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorder criteria.” Compr Psychiatry 47, no. 1 (January 2006): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.03.005.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Robert R. McCrae, Larry J. Brant, and Paul T. Costa. “Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the NEO-PI-R scales in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.” Psychol Aging 20, no. 3 (September 2005): 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.493.
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  - Weiss, Alexander, and Paul T. Costa. “Domain and facet personality predictors of all-cause mortality among Medicare patients aged 65 to 100.” Psychosom Med 67, no. 5 (September 2005): 724–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000181272.58103.18.
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  - Bagby, R. M., P. T. Costa, T. A. Widiger, A. G. Ryder, and M. Marshall. “DSM-IV personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality: A multi-method examination of domain- And facet-level predictions.” European Journal of Personality 19, no. 4 (June 1, 2005): 307–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.563.
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  - McCrae, R. R., C. E. Löckenhoff, and P. T. Costa. “A step toward DSM-V: Cataloguing personality-related problems in living.” European Journal of Personality 19, no. 4 (June 1, 2005): 269–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.564.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Paul T. Costa, and Thomas A. Martin. “The NEO-PI-3: a more readable revised NEO Personality Inventory.” J Pers Assess 84, no. 3 (June 2005): 261–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8403_05.
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  - Costa Jr., P. T. “PSYCHOLOGY: Fleeting Infant Types to Enduring Traits.” Science 308, no. 5721 (April 22, 2005): 500–500. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1109549.
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  - Weiss, Alexander, Paul T. Costa, Jurgis Karuza, Paul R. Duberstein, Bruce Friedman, and Robert R. McCrae. “Cross-sectional age differences in personality among medicare patients aged 65 to 100.” Psychol Aging 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 182–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.182.
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  - Davey, Adam, Charles F. Halverson, Alan B. Zonderman, and Paul T. Costa. “Change in depressive symptoms in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 59, no. 6 (November 2004): P270–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.6.p270.
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  - Costa, P. T., J. H. Herbst, R. R. Mccrae, J. Samuels, and D. J. Ozer. “Erratum: The replicability and utility of three personality types (European Journal of Personality 16:S1 (S73-S87)).” European Journal of Personality 18, no. 5 (July 1, 2004): 444. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.533.
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  - Samuels, Jack, O Joseph Bienvenu, Bernadette Cullen, Paul T. Costa, William W. Eaton, and Gerald Nestadt. “Personality dimensions and criminal arrest.” Compr Psychiatry 45, no. 4 (July 2004): 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.03.013.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, and Paul T. Costa. “Smoking and the Five-Factor Model of personality.” Addiction 99, no. 4 (April 2004): 472–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00687.x.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, M. Ȟrebíčková, T. Urbánek, T. A. Martin, V. E. Oryol, A. A. Rukavishnikov, and I. G. Senin. “Age differences in personality traits across cultures: Self-report and observer perspectives.” European Journal of Personality 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 143–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.510.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory.” Personality and Individual Differences 36, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 587–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00118-1.
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  - Bienvenu, O Joseph, Jack F. Samuels, Paul T. Costa, Irving M. Reti, William W. Eaton, and Gerald Nestadt. “Anxiety and depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality: a higher- and lower-order personality trait investigation in a community sample.” Depress Anxiety 20, no. 2 (2004): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20026.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, T. A. Martin, V. E. Oryol, A. A. Rukavishnikov, I. G. Senin, M. Hřebíčková, and T. Urbánek. “Consensual validation of personality traits across cultures.” Journal of Research in Personality 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00056-4.
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  - Breitner, John C. S., and Paul T. Costa. “"At my wits' end": neuroticism and dementia.” Neurology 61, no. 11 (December 9, 2003): 1468–69. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.61.11.1468.
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  - Costa, P. T., and I. C. Siegler. “Overview.” Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology 15 (December 1, 2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1566-3124(03)15001-8.
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  - Keightley, Michelle L., David A. Seminowicz, R Michael Bagby, Paul T. Costa, Philippe Fossati, and Helen S. Mayberg. “Personality influences limbic-cortical interactions during sad mood induction.” Neuroimage 20, no. 4 (December 2003): 2031–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.022.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Robert R. McCrae, Dirk Hagemann, and Paul T. Costa. “Individual difference variables, affective differentiation, and the structures of affect.” J Pers 71, no. 5 (October 2003): 669–703. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.7105001.
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  - Siegler, Ilene C., Paul T. Costa, Beverly H. Brummett, Michael J. Helms, John C. Barefoot, Redford B. Williams, W Grant Dahlstrom, et al. “Patterns of change in hostility from college to midlife in the UNC Alumni Heart Study predict high-risk status.” Psychosom Med 65, no. 5 (September 2003): 738–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000088583.25140.9c.
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  - Trull, Timothy J., Thomas A. Widiger, Donald R. Lynam, and Paul T. Costa. “Borderline personality disorder from the perspective of general personality functioning.” J Abnorm Psychol 112, no. 2 (May 2003): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.112.2.193.
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  - Penedo, Frank J., Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Jason R. Dahn, Mike Antoni, Robert Malow, Paul Costa, and Neil Schneiderman. “Personality, quality of life and HAART adherence among men and women living with HIV/AIDS.” J Psychosom Res 54, no. 3 (March 2003): 271–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00482-8.
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  - Terracciano, Antonio, Robert R. McCrae, and Paul T. Costa. “Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).” Eur J Psychol Assess 19, no. 2 (2003): 131–41. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.131.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., Paul T. Costa, Antonio Terracciano, Wayne D. Parker, Carol J. Mills, Filip De Fruyt, and Ivan Mervielde. “Personality trait development from age 12 to age 18: longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural analyses.” J Pers Soc Psychol 83, no. 6 (December 2002): 1456–68.
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  - Reti, Irving M., Jack F. Samuels, William W. Eaton, O Joseph Bienvenu, Paul T. Costa, and Gerald Nestadt. “Influences of parenting on normal personality traits.” Psychiatry Res 111, no. 1 (August 5, 2002): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00128-2.
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  - Reti, I. M., J. F. Samuels, W. W. Eaton, O. J. Bienvenu, P. T. Costa, and G. Nestadt. “Adult antisocial personality traits are associated with experiences of low parental care and maternal overprotection.” Acta Psychiatr Scand 106, no. 2 (August 2002): 126–33. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02305.x.
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  - Yang, Jian, R Michael Bagby, Paul T. Costa, Andrew G. Ryder, and Jeffrey H. Herbst. “Assessing the DSM-IV structure of personality disorder with a sample of Chinese psychiatric patients.” J Pers Disord 16, no. 4 (August 2002): 317–31. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.16.4.317.24127.
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  - Samuels, Jack, William W. Eaton, O Joseph Bienvenu, Clayton H. Brown, Paul T. Costa, and Gerald Nestadt. “Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample.” Br J Psychiatry 180 (June 2002): 536–42. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.6.536.
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  - Siegler, Ilene C., Lori A. Bastian, David C. Steffens, Hayden B. Bosworth, and Paul T. Costa. “Behavioral medicine and aging.” J Consult Clin Psychol 70, no. 3 (June 2002): 843–51. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.843.
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  - Costa, P. T., J. H. Herbst, R. R. Mccrae, J. Samuels, and D. J. Ozer. “The Replicability and Utility of Three Personality Types.” European Journal of Personality 16, no. 1 SPEC ISS. (January 1, 2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/per.448.
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  - Trobst, K. K., J. H. Herbst, H. L. Masters, and P. T. Costa. “Personality pathways to unsafe sex: Personality, condom use, and HIV risk behaviors.” Journal of Research in Personality 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 117–33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2001.2334.
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  - Carter, J. A., J. H. Herbst, K. B. Stoller, V. L. King, M. S. Kidorf, P. T. Costa, and R. K. Brooner. “Short-term stability of NEO-PI-R personality trait scores in opioid-dependent outpatients.” Psychol Addict Behav 15, no. 3 (September 2001): 255–60.
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  - Costa, Paul T., Antonio Terracciano, and Robert R. McCrae. “Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings.” J Pers Soc Psychol 81, no. 2 (August 2001): 322–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322.
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  - Herbst, J. H., A. B. Zonderman, R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “Genetic architecture of temperament - Dr. Herbst and colleagues reply.” American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 8 (August 2001): 1339–40.
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  - Bienvenu, O. J., C. Brown, J. F. Samuels, K. Y. Liang, P. T. Costa, W. W. Eaton, and G. Nestadt. “Normal personality traits and comorbidity among phobic, panic and major depressive disorders.” Psychiatry Res 102, no. 1 (May 10, 2001): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00228-1.
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  - McCrae, R. R., J. Yang, P. T. Costa, X. Dai, S. Yao, T. Cai, and B. Gao. “Personality profiles and the prediction of categorical personality disorders.” J Pers 69, no. 2 (April 2001): 155–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00140.
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  - Bienvenu, O. J., G. Nestadt, J. F. Samuels, P. T. Costa, W. T. Howard, and W. W. Eaton. “Phobic, panic, and major depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality.” J Nerv Ment Dis 189, no. 3 (March 2001): 154–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200103000-00003.
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  - Costa, P. T., J. H. Herbst, R. R. McCrae, and I. C. Siegler. “Personality at midlife: stability, intrinsic maturation, and response to life events.” Assessment 7, no. 4 (December 2000): 365–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110000700405.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Overview: innovations in assessment using the revised NEO personality inventory.” Assessment 7, no. 4 (December 2000): 325–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110000700402.
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  - Herbst, J. H., R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, J. R. Feaganes, and I. C. Siegler. “Self-perceptions of stability and change in personality at midlife: the UNC Alumni Heart Study.” Assessment 7, no. 4 (December 2000): 379–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110000700406.
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  - Trobst, K. K., J. S. Wiggins, P. T. Costa, J. H. Herbst, R. R. McCrae, and H. L. Masters. “Personality psychology and problem behaviors: HIV risk and the five-factor model.” J Pers 68, no. 6 (December 2000): 1233–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00133.
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  - Samuels, J., G. Nestadt, O. J. Bienvenu, P. T. Costa, M. A. Riddle, K. Y. Liang, R. Hoehn-Saric, M. A. Grados, and B. A. Cullen. “Personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.” Br J Psychiatry 177 (November 2000): 457–62. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.5.457.
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  - Fauerbach, J. A., J. W. Lawrence, C. W. Schmidt, A. M. Munster, and P. T. Costa. “Personality predictors of injury-related posttraumatic stress disorder.” J Nerv Ment Dis 188, no. 8 (August 2000): 510–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200008000-00006.
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  - Herbst, J. H., A. B. Zonderman, R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “Do the dimensions of the temperament and character inventory map a simple genetic architecture? Evidence from molecular genetics and factor analysis.” Am J Psychiatry 157, no. 8 (August 2000): 1285–90. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1285.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, F. Ostendorf, A. Angleitner, M. Hrebícková, M. D. Avia, J. Sanz, et al. “Nature over nurture: temperament, personality, and life span development.” J Pers Soc Psychol 78, no. 1 (January 2000): 173–86. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.173.
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  - Yang, J., R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, S. Yao, X. Dai, T. Cai, and B. Gao. “The cross-cultural generalizability of Axis-II constructs: an evaluation of two personality disorder assessment instruments in the People's Republic of China.” J Pers Disord 14, no. 3 (2000): 249–63. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2000.14.3.249.
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  - Bagby, R. M., P. T. Costa, R. R. McCrae, W. J. Livesley, S. H. Kennedy, R. D. Levitan, A. J. Levitt, R. T. Joffe, and L. T. Young. “Replicating the five factor model of personality in a psychiatric sample.” Personality and Individual Differences 27, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 1135–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00055-0.
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  - Somerfield, M. R., and P. T. Costa. “Toward more evidence-based guidelines for psychology.” Am Psychol 54, no. 12 (December 1999): 1131–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.54.12.1131.
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  - Yang, J., R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, X. Dai, S. Yao, T. Cai, and B. Gao. “Cross-cultural personality assessment in psychiatric populations: The NEO-PI-R in the People's Republic of China.” Psychological Assessment 11, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 359–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.359.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, M. Pedroso de Lima, A. Simões, F. Ostendorf, A. Angleitner, I. Marusić, et al. “Age differences in personality across the adult life span: parallels in five cultures.” Dev Psychol 35, no. 2 (March 1999): 466–77. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.35.2.466.
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  - Creamer, P., M. Lethbridge-Cejku, P. Costa, J. D. Tobin, J. H. Herbst, and M. C. Hochberg. “The relationship of anxiety and depression with self-reported knee pain in the community: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.” Arthritis Care Res 12, no. 1 (February 1999): 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199902)12:1<3::aid-art2>3.0.co;2-k.
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  - Sacktor, N., S. Gray, C. Kawas, J. Herbst, P. Costa, and J. Fleg. “Systolic blood pressure within an intermediate range may reduce memory loss in an elderly hypertensive cohort.” J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 12, no. 1 (1999): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/089198879901200102.
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  - Loehlin, J. C., R. R. McCrae, P. T. Costa, and O. P. John. “Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five Personality Factors.” Journal of Research in Personality 32, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 431–53. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1998.2225.
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  - Yang, J., R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “Adult age differences in personality traits in the United States and the People's Republic of China.” J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 53, no. 6 (November 1998): P375–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53b.6.p375.
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  - McCrae, R. R., S. V. Stone, P. J. Fagan, and P. T. Costa. “Identifying causes of disagreement between self-reports and spouse ratings of personality.” J Pers 66, no. 3 (June 1998): 285–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00013.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Six approaches to the explication of facet-level traits: Examples from conscientiousness.” European Journal of Personality 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 117–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(199803/04)12:2<117::AID-PER295>3.0.CO;2-C.
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  - Matthews, G., D. H. Saklofske, P. T. Costa, L. J. Deary, and M. Zeidner. “Dimensional models of personality: A framework for systematic clinical assessment.” European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.1.36.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, G. H. Del Pilar, J. P. Rolland, and W. D. Parker. “Cross-cultural assessment of the five-factor model: The Revised NEO Personality Inventory.” Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 171–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198291009.
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  - Vandenbergh, D. J., A. B. Zonderman, J. Wang, G. R. Uhl, and P. T. Costa. “No association between novelty seeking and dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III seven repeat alleles in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants.” Mol Psychiatry 2, no. 5 (September 1997): 417–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000309.
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  - Costa, P. T., M. R. Somerfield, and T. F. Williams. “Underrecognition of dementia by caregivers cuts across cultures.” Jama 277, no. 22 (June 11, 1997): 1758. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.277.22.1758.
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  - Incalzi, R. A., A. Gemma, and P. Carbonin. “Underrecognition of dementia by caregivers cuts across cultures.” Jama 277, no. 22 (June 11, 1997): 1757–58. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540460023015.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Personality trait structure as a human universal.” Am Psychol 52, no. 5 (May 1997): 509–16. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.52.5.509.
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  - “Early identification of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Panel.” Am Fam Physician 55, no. 4 (March 1997): 1303–14.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Stability and change in personality assessment: the revised NEO Personality Inventory in the year 2000.” J Pers Assess 68, no. 1 (February 1997): 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6801_7.
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  - Siegler, H. C., J. A. Blumenthal, J. C. Barefoot, B. L. Peterson, W. B. Saunders, W. G. Dahlstrom, P. T. Costa, et al. “Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women.” Womens Health 3, no. 1 (1997): 61–70.
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  - Brown, G. R., T. N. Wise, P. T. Costa, J. H. Herbst, P. J. Fagan, and C. W. Schmidt. “Personality characteristics and sexual functioning of 188 cross-dressing men.” J Nerv Ment Dis 184, no. 5 (May 1996): 265–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199605000-00001.
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  - McCrae, R. R., A. B. Zonderman, P. T. Costa, M. H. Bond, and S. V. Paunonen. “Evaluating Replicability of Factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Versus Procrustes Rotation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 552–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.552.
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  - Suls, J., C. K. Wan, and P. T. Costa. “Relationship of trait anger to resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis.” Health Psychol 14, no. 5 (September 1995): 444–56. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.14.5.444.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Primary traits of Eysenck's P-E-N system: three- and five-factor solutions.” J Pers Soc Psychol 69, no. 2 (August 1995): 308–17. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.2.308.
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  - Resnick, S. M., and P. T. Costa. “Comments on use of H-1 MR spectroscopy for diagnosis of probable Alzheimer disease.” Radiology 195, no. 1 (April 1995): 14–15. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.195.1.7892455.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: a reply to Block.” Psychol Bull 117, no. 2 (March 1995): 216–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.216.
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  - Giambra, L. M., D. Arenberg, C. Kawas, A. B. Zonderman, and P. T. Costa. “Adult life span changes in immediate visual memory and verbal intelligence.” Psychol Aging 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 123–39. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.10.1.123.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., L. M. Giambra, D. Arenberg, S. M. Resnick, P. T. Costa, and C. H. Kawas. “Changes in immediate visual memory predict cognitive impairment.” Arch Clin Neuropsychol 10, no. 2 (March 1995): 111–23.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Domains and facets: hierarchical personality assessment using the revised NEO personality inventory.” J Pers Assess 64, no. 1 (February 1995): 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6401_2.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. Mccrae, and G. G. Kay. “Persons, Places, and Personality: Career Assessment Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.” Journal of Career Assessment 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 123–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279500300202.
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  - Lethbridge‐Çejku, M., W. W. Scott, R. Reichle, W. H. Ettinger, A. Zonderman, P. Costa, C. C. Plato, J. D. Tobin, and M. C. Hochberg. “Association of radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the knee with knee pain: Data from the baltimore longitudinal study of aging.” Arthritis &Amp; Rheumatism 8, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 182–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1790080311.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Positive and negative valence within the five-factor model.” Journal of Research in Personality 29, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 443–60. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1995.1026.
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  - Trull, T. J., J. D. Useda, P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae. “Comparison of the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5), the NEO-PI, and the NEO-PI-R.” Psychological Assessment 7, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 508–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.508.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., L. M. Giambra, D. Arenberg, S. M. Resnick, P. T. Costa, and C. H. Kawas. “Changes in immediate visual memory predict cognitive impairment.” Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 111–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(94)00040-9.
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  - Siegler, I. C., and P. T. Costa. “Personality and breast cancer screening behaviors.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 347–51.
  - Costa, P. T. “Can the SASB Bridge Personality Theory and Clinical Psychology? A View From the O, C, E, A, N.” Psychological Inquiry 5, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 319–22. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0504_3.
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  - Widiger, T. A., and P. T. Costa. “Personality and personality disorders.” J Abnorm Psychol 103, no. 1 (February 1994): 78–91. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.103.1.78.
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  - Busch, C. M., A. B. Zonderman, and P. T. Costa. “Menopausal Transition and Psychological Distress in a Nationally Representative Sample: Is Menopause Associated with Psychological Distress?” Journal of Aging and Health 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 209–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439400600205.
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  - Costa, P. T., E. J. Metter, and R. R. McCrae. “Personality stability and its contribution to successful aging.” Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 41–59.
  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Does Lorr's interpersonal style inventory measure the five-factor model?” Personality and Individual Differences 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 195–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90125-2.
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  - Mccrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “The Stability of Personality: Observations and Evaluations.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 3, no. 6 (January 1, 1994): 173–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770693.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., J. H. Herbst, C. Schmidt, P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae. “Depressive symptoms as a nonspecific, graded risk for psychiatric diagnoses.” J Abnorm Psychol 102, no. 4 (November 1993): 544–52. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.102.4.544.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., I. C. Siegler, J. C. Barefoot, R. B. Williams, and P. T. Costa. “Age and gender differences in the content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.” Exp Aging Res 19, no. 3 (July 1993): 241–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610739308253936.
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  - Bergeman, C. S., H. M. Chipuer, R. Plomin, N. L. Pedersen, G. E. McClearn, J. R. Nesselroade, P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae. “Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: an adoption/twin study.” J Pers 61, no. 2 (June 1993): 159–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x.
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  - Brooner, R. K., J. H. Herbst, C. W. Schmidt, G. E. Bigelow, and P. T. Costa. “Antisocial personality disorder among drug abusers. Relations to other personality diagnoses and the five-factor model of personality.” J Nerv Ment Dis 181, no. 5 (May 1993): 313–19.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Psychological research in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.” Z Gerontol 26, no. 3 (May 1993): 138–41.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Ego Development and Trait Models of Personality.” Psychological Inquiry 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0401_3.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, and R. L. Piedmont. “Folk Concepts, Natural Language, and Psychological Constructs: The California Psychological Inventory and the Five‐Factor Model.” Journal of Personality 61, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00276.x.
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  - “Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life: the NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement.” Psychopharmacol Bull 29, no. 1 (1993): 87–100.
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  - Siegler, I. C., B. L. Peterson, J. C. Barefoot, S. H. Harvin, W. G. Dahlstrom, B. H. Kaplan, P. T. Costa, and R. B. Williams. “Using college alumni populations in epidemiologic research: the UNC Alumni Heart Study.” J Clin Epidemiol 45, no. 11 (November 1992): 1243–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(92)90165-j.
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  - Tien, A. Y., P. T. Costa, and W. W. Eaton. “Covariance of personality, neurocognition, and schizophrenia spectrum traits in the community.” Schizophr Res 7, no. 2 (July 1992): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(92)90045-7.
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  - COSTA, P. T. “SHOCK,NATHAN,W. (1906-1989) - OBITUARY.” American Psychologist 47, no. 3 (March 1992): 423–423.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. “Discriminant Validity of NEO-PIR Facet Scales.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 52, no. 1 (March 1992): 229–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316449205200128.
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  - Metter, E. J., E. L. Metter, P. T. Costa, L. J. Brant, A. Zonderman, and J. L. Fozard. “Response stability and reliability in longitudinal health evaluations.” Aging (Milano) 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324065.
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  - Piedmont, R. L., R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “An assessment of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule from the perspective of the five-factor model.” J Pers Assess 58, no. 1 (February 1992): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5801_6.
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  - Costa, P. T., P. J. Fagan, R. L. Piedmont, Y. Ponticas, and T. N. Wise. “The five-factor model of personality and sexual functioning in outpatient men and women.” Psychiatr Med 10, no. 2 (1992): 199–215.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Multiple uses for longitudinal personality data.” European Journal of Personality 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060203.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Reply to Ben-Porath and Waller.” Psychological Assessment 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 20–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.20.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Reply to Eysenck.” Personality and Individual Differences 13, no. 8 (January 1, 1992): 861–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90002-7.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Normal Personality Assessment in Clinical Practice: The NEO Personality Inventory.” Psychological Assessment 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5.
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  - Costa, P. T. “Clinical use of the five-factor model: an introduction.” J Pers Assess 57, no. 3 (December 1991): 393–98. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5703_1.
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  - Fagan, P. J., T. N. Wise, C. W. Schmidt, Y. Ponticas, R. D. Marshall, and P. T. Costa. “A comparison of five-factor personality dimensions in males with sexual dysfunction and males with paraphilia.” J Pers Assess 57, no. 3 (December 1991): 434–48. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5703_4.
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  - Wise, T. N., P. J. Fagan, C. W. Schmidt, Y. Ponticas, and P. T. Costa. “Personality and sexual functioning of transvestitic fetishists and other paraphilics.” J Nerv Ment Dis 179, no. 11 (November 1991): 694–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199111000-00008.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. “Adding Liebe und Arbeit: The Full Five-Factor Model and Well-Being.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 17, no. 2 (April 1991): 227–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616729101700217.
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  - Almada, S. J., A. B. Zonderman, R. B. Shekelle, A. R. Dyer, M. L. Daviglus, P. T. Costa, and J. Stamler. “Neuroticism and cynicism and risk of death in middle-aged men: the Western Electric Study.” Psychosom Med 53, no. 2 (March 1991): 165–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199103000-00006.
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  - SIEGLER, I. C., J. A. BLUMENTHAL, P. T. COSTA, W. G. DAHLSTROM, B. L. PETERSON, J. C. BAREFOOT, and R. B. WILLIAMS. “PERSONALITY PREDICTION OF EXERCISE IN THE UNC ALUMNI HEART-STUDY.” Psychosomatic Medicine 53, no. 2 (March 1, 1991): 220–21.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and D. A. Dye. “Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of tshe NEO personality inventory.” Personality and Individual Differences 12, no. 9 (January 1, 1991): 887–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90177-D.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Trait psychology comes of age.” Nebr Symp Motiv 39 (1991): 169–204.
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  - McCRAE, R. R., and P. T. COSTA. “Response to Dolliver.” Journal of Counseling &Amp; Development 69, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 375–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01526.x.
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  - Piedmont, R. L., R. R. McCrae, and P. T. Costa. “Adjective Check List Scales and the Five-Factor Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 630–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.630.
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  - Siegler, I. C., A. B. Zonderman, J. C. Barefoot, R. B. Williams, P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae. “Predicting personality in adulthood from college MMPI scores: implications for follow-up studies in psychosomatic medicine.” Psychosom Med 52, no. 6 (November 1990): 644–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199011000-00006.
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  - Stone, S. V., T. M. Dembroski, P. T. Costa, and J. M. MacDougall. “Gender differences in cardiovascular reactivity.” J Behav Med 13, no. 2 (April 1990): 137–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00844995.
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  - Fleg, J. L., G. Gerstenblith, A. B. Zonderman, L. C. Becker, M. L. Weisfeldt, P. T. Costa, and E. G. Lakatta. “Prevalence and prognostic significance of exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia detected by thallium scintigraphy and electrocardiography in asymptomatic volunteers.” Circulation 81, no. 2 (February 1990): 428–36. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.81.2.428.
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  - Whitehead, W. E., M. D. Crowell, L. Bosmajian, A. Zonderman, P. T. Costa, C. Benjamin, J. C. Robinson, B. R. Heller, and M. M. Schuster. “Existence of irritable bowel syndrome supported by factor analysis of symptoms in two community samples.” Gastroenterology 98, no. 2 (February 1990): 336–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)90822-i.
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  - Costa, P. T., A. B. Zonderman, and R. R. McCrae. “Cancer and psychosocial traits, continued (Reply).” Journal of the American Medical Association 263, no. 4 (January 1, 1990): 514. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440040052015.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality.” Journal of Personality Disorders 4, no. 4 (January 1, 1990): 362–71. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1990.4.4.362.
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  - Dembroski, T. M., J. M. MacDougall, P. T. Costa, and G. A. Grandits. “Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.” Psychosom Med 51, no. 5 (September 1989): 514–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198909000-00003.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae. “Depression as a risk for cancer morbidity and mortality in a nationally representative sample.” Jama 262, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1191–95.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “The structure of interpersonal traits: Wiggins's circumplex and the five-factor model.” J Pers Soc Psychol 56, no. 4 (April 1989): 586–95. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.4.586.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality.” J Pers 57, no. 1 (March 1989): 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00759.x.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “More Reasons to Adopt the Five-Factor Model.” American Psychologist 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 451–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.451.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. C. Barefoot, I. C. Siegler, and R. B. Williams. “A caution on the use of the MMPI K-correction in research on psychosomatic medicine.” Psychosom Med 51, no. 1 (January 1989): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198901000-00006.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Rotation to Maximize the Construct Validity of Factors in the NEO Personality Inventory.” Multivariate Behav Res 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 107–24. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2401_7.
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  - Musante, L., J. M. MacDougall, T. M. Dembroski, and P. T. Costa. “Potential for hostility and dimensions of anger.” Health Psychol 8, no. 3 (1989): 343–54. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.8.3.343.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Age, personality, and the spontaneous self-concept.” J Gerontol 43, no. 6 (November 1988): S177–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/43.6.s177.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. “Psychological Resilience Among Widowed Men and Women: A 10-Year Follow-up of a National Sample.” Journal of Social Issues 44, no. 3 (October 1988): 129–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02081.x.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Measures and markers of biological aging: 'a great clamoring ... of fleeting significance'.” Arch Gerontol Geriatr 7, no. 3 (September 1988): 211–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(88)90003-9.
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  - Whitehead, W. E., L. Bosmajian, A. B. Zonderman, P. T. Costa, and M. M. Schuster. “Symptoms of psychologic distress associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Comparison of community and medical clinic samples.” Gastroenterology 95, no. 3 (September 1988): 709–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(88)80018-0.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Recalled parent-child relations and adult personality.” J Pers 56, no. 2 (June 1988): 417–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1988.tb00894.x.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Personality in adulthood: a six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory.” J Pers Soc Psychol 54, no. 5 (May 1988): 853–63. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.853.
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  - Busch, C. M., P. T. Costa, W. E. Whitehead, and B. R. Heller. “Severe perimenstrual symptoms: prevalence and effects on absenteeism and health care seeking in a non-clinical sample.” Women Health 14, no. 1 (1988): 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v14n01_05.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “From Catalog to Classification: Murray's Needs and the Five-Factor Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 258–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.2.258.
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  - Dembroski, T. M., and P. T. Costa. “Assessment of coronary-prone behavior: A current overview.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm1002_3.
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  - Costa, P. T. “Influence of the normal personality dimension of neuroticism on chest pain symptoms and coronary artery disease.” Am J Cardiol 60, no. 18 (December 28, 1987): 20J-26J. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(87)90679-5.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and A. B. Zonderman. “Environmental and dispositional influences on well-being: longitudinal follow-up of an American national sample.” Br J Psychol 78 ( Pt 3) (August 1987): 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1987.tb02248.x.
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  - Gentry, W. D., M. K. Aronson, J. Blumenthal, P. T. Costa, and J. N. DiGiacomo. “Cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Behavioral, cognitive and emotional considerations.” J Am Coll Cardiol 10, no. 2 Suppl A (August 1987): 38A-41A. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(87)80446-1.
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  - COSTA, P. T., D. S. KRANTZ, J. A. BLUMENTHAL, C. D. FURBERG, R. H. ROSENMAN, and R. B. SHEKELLE. “TASK FORCE-2 - PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK-FACTORS IN CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE.” Circulation 76, no. 1 (July 1987): 145–49.
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  - Costa, P. T., D. S. Krantz, J. A. Blumenthal, C. D. Furberg, R. H. Rosenman, and R. B. Shekelle. “Psychological risk factors in coronary artery disease.” Circulation 76, no. 1 Pt 2 (July 1987): I145–49.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: is the bark worse than the bite?” J Pers 55, no. 2 (June 1987): 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00438.x.
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  - Dembroski, T. M., and P. T. Costa. “Coronary prone behavior: components of the type A pattern and hostility.” J Pers 55, no. 2 (June 1987): 211–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00435.x.
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  - McCrae, R. R., D. Arenberg, and P. T. Costa. “Declines in divergent thinking with age: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential analyses.” Psychol Aging 2, no. 2 (June 1987): 130–37. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.2.2.130.
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  - Costa, P. T., A. B. Zonderman, R. R. McCrae, J. Cornoni-Huntley, B. Z. Locke, and H. E. Barbano. “Longitudinal analyses of psychological well-being in a national sample: stability of mean levels.” J Gerontol 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/42.1.50.
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  - Costa, P. T., D. S. Krantz, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Task force 2: Psychological risk factors in coronary artery disease.” Circulation 76, no. 1 II SUPPL. (January 1, 1987).
  - Costa, P. T., S. V. Stone, R. R. McCrae, T. M. Dembroski, and R. B. Williams. “Hostility, agreeableness-antagonism, and coronary heart disease.” Journal of Interprofessional Care 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1987): 161–67. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561828709043576.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Personality assessment in psychosomatic medicine. Value of a trait taxonomy.” Adv Psychosom Med 17 (1987): 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414007.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.” J Pers Soc Psychol 52, no. 1 (January 1987): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.52.1.81.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Clinical Assessment Can Benefit From Recent Advances In Personality Psychology.” American Psychologist 41, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1001–3. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.1001.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, A. B. Zonderman, H. E. Barbano, B. Lebowitz, and D. M. Larson. “Cross-sectional studies of personality in a national sample: 2. Stability in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness.” Psychol Aging 1, no. 2 (June 1986): 144–49.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Cross-sectional studies of personality in a national sample: 1. Development and validation of survey measures.” Psychol Aging 1, no. 2 (June 1986): 140–43. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.1.2.140.
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  - Costa, P. T., A. B. Zonderman, R. R. McCrae, and R. B. Williams. “Cynicism and paranoid alienation in the Cook and Medley HO Scale.” Psychosom Med 48, no. 3–4 (March 1986): 283–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198603000-00014.
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  - Costa, P. T., C. M. Busch, A. B. Zonderman, and R. R. McCrae. “Correlations of MMPI factor scales with measures of the five factor model of personality.” J Pers Assess 50, no. 4 (1986): 640–50. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5004_10.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Age, personality, and the Holtzman Inkblot Technique.” Int J Aging Hum Dev 23, no. 2 (1986): 115–25. https://doi.org/10.2190/H7HX-YTK6-7A4P-N141.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Personality stability and its implications for clinical psychology.” Clinical Psychology Review 6, no. 5 (January 1, 1986): 407–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(86)90029-2.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, and C. M. Busch. “Evaluating comprehensiveness in personality systems: The California Q‐Set and the five‐factor model.” Journal of Personality 54, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 430–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00403.x.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample.” Journal of Personality 54, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00401.x.
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  - Whitehead, W. E., C. M. Busch, B. R. Heller, and P. T. Costa. “Social learning influences on menstrual symptoms and illness behavior.” Health Psychol 5, no. 1 (1986): 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.5.1.13.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., V. L. Leu, and P. T. Costa. “Effects of age, hypertension history, and neuroticism on health perceptions.” Exp Gerontol 21, no. 4–5 (1986): 449–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(86)90050-1.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Updating Norman's "Adequate Taxonomy": intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires.” J Pers Soc Psychol 49, no. 3 (September 1985): 710–21. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.49.3.710.
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  - Costa, P. T., A. B. Zonderman, B. T. Engel, W. F. Baile, D. L. Brimlow, and J. Brinker. “The relation of chest pain symptoms to angiographic findings of coronary artery stenosis and neuroticism.” Psychosom Med 47, no. 3 (May 1985): 285–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198505000-00006.
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  - Engel, B. T., W. F. Baile, P. T. Costa, D. L. Brimlow, and J. Brinker. “A behavioral analysis of chest pain in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease.” Psychosom Med 47, no. 3 (May 1985): 274–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198505000-00005.
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  - Costa, P. T., A. B. Zonderman, R. R. McCrae, and R. B. Williams. “Content and Comprehensiveness in the MMPI. An Item Factor Analysis in a Normal Adult Sample.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 925–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.925.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Hypochondriasis, neuroticism, and aging. When are somatic complaints unfounded?” Am Psychol 40, no. 1 (January 1985): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.40.1.19.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Comparison of EPI and psychoticism scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality.” Personality and Individual Differences 6, no. 5 (January 1, 1985): 587–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(85)90008-X.
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  - Zonderman, A. B., M. W. Heft, and P. T. Costa. “Does the Illness Behavior Questionnaire measure abnormal illness behavior?” Health Psychol 4, no. 5 (1985): 425–36. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.4.5.425.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and J. L. Holland. “Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample.” Journal of Applied Psychology 69, no. 3 (August 1, 1984): 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.390.
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  - McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. “Personality is Transcontextual.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10, no. 2 (June 1984): 175–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167284102002.
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  - Schroeder, D. H., and P. T. Costa. “Influence of life event stress on physical illness: substantive effects or methodological flaws?” J Pers Soc Psychol 46, no. 4 (April 1984): 853–63. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.853.
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  - Baum, B. J., P. T. Costa, and K. T. Izutsu. “Sodium handling by aging human parotid glands is inconsistent with a two-stage secretion model.” Am J Physiol 246, no. 1 Pt 2 (January 1984): R35–39. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.1.R35.
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  - Costa, Paul T. “Aging Research Comes of Age.” Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 28, no. 12 (December 1983): 938–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/025132.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Social desirability scales: More substance than style.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51, no. 6 (December 1, 1983): 882–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.6.882.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Contribution of personality research to an understanding of stress and aging.” Marriage and Family Review 6, no. 1–2 (April 27, 1983): 157–73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v06n01_08.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Psychological maturity and subjective well-being: Toward a new synthesis.” Developmental Psychology 19, no. 2 (March 1, 1983): 243–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.19.2.243.
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  - COSTA, P. T. “MEN IN THEIR FORTIES - THE TRANSITION TO MIDDLE-AGE - TAMIR,LM.” Journals of Gerontology 38, no. 2 (1983): 248–248.
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  - Costa, P. T. “Editor’s introduction: The varieties of well being.” Experimental Aging Research 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1983): 63. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610738308258426.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Joint factors in self-reports and ratings: Neuroticism, extraversion and openness to experience.” Personality and Individual Differences 4, no. 3 (January 1, 1983): 245–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(83)90146-0.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “An approach to the attribution of aging, period, and cohort effects.” Psychological Bulletin 92, no. 1 (July 1, 1982): 238–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.238.
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  - Harman, S. M., P. D. Tsitouras, P. T. Costa, and M. R. Blackman. “Reproductive hormones in aging men. II. Basal pituitary gonadotropins and gonadotropin responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54, no. 3 (March 1982): 547–51. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-54-3-547.
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  - Blackman, M. R., P. D. Tsitouras, P. T. Costa, and S. M. Harman. “Basal and LRH-stimulated levels of α, LH-β, and FSH-β subunits in serum of healthy men: Alterations with advancing age.” Clinical Research 30, no. 3 (January 1, 1982).
  - Costa, P. T., J. L. Fleg, R. R. McCrae, and E. G. Lakatta. “Neuroticism, coronary artery disease, and chest pain complaints: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.” Experimental Aging Research 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1982): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610738208258393.
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  - Harman, S. M., P. D. Tsitouras, P. T. Costa, D. L. Loriaux, and R. J. Sherins. “Evaluation of pituitary gonadotropic function in men: value of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone response versus basal luteinizing hormone level for discrimination of diagnosis.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54, no. 1 (January 1982): 196–200. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-54-1-196.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Self-concept and the stability of personality: Cross-sectional comparisons of self-reports and ratings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43, no. 6 (January 1, 1982): 1282–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1282.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and A. H. Norris. “Personal adjustment to aging: longitudinal prediction from neuroticism and extraversion.” J Gerontol 36, no. 1 (January 1981): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/36.1.78.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Stress, smoking motives, and psychological well-being: The illusory benefits of smoking.” Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 3, no. 4 (January 1, 1981): 125–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(81)90001-1.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Openness to experience and ego level in Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test: Dispositional contributions to developmental models of personality.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, no. 6 (December 1, 1980): 1179–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077727.
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  - Costa, P. T., H. H. Chauncey, C. L. Rose, and K. K. Kapur. “Relationship of parotid saliva flow rate and composition with personality traits in healthy men.” Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 50, no. 5 (November 1980): 416–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4220(80)80008-9.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, and D. Arenberg. “Constancy of adult personality structure in males: longitudinal, cross-sectional and times-of-measurement analyses.” J Gerontol 35, no. 6 (November 1980): 877–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.6.877.
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  - Bossé, R., A. J. Garvey, and P. T. Costa. “Predictors of weight change following smoking cessation.” Int J Addict 15, no. 7 (October 1980): 969–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826088009040072.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Somatic complaints in males as a function of age and neuroticism: a longitudinal analysis.” J Behav Med 3, no. 3 (September 1980): 245–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00845050.
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  - Bossé, R., D. Sparrow, A. J. Garvey, P. T. Costa, S. T. Weiss, and J. W. Rowe. “Cigarette smoking, aging, and decline in pulmonary function: A longitudinal study.” Arch Environ Health 35, no. 4 (July 1980): 247–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1980.10667500.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and R. Bosse. “Smoking motive factors: a review and replication.” Int J Addict 15, no. 4 (May 1980): 537–49. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826088009040036.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people.” J Pers Soc Psychol 38, no. 4 (April 1980): 668–78. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.38.4.668.
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  - Costa, P. T., R. R. McCrae, and D. Arenberg. “Enduring dispositions in adult males.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38, no. 5 (January 1, 1980): 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.793.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Costa, and R. Bossé. “Anxiety, extraversion and smoking.” Br J Soc Clin Psychol 17, no. 3 (September 1978): 269–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00277.x.
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  - Costa, P. T., and J. L. Fozard. “Remembering the person: relations of individual difference variables to memory.” Exp Aging Res 4, no. 4 (August 1978): 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610737808257152.
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  - Friedlaender, J. S., P. T. Costa, R. Bosse, E. Ellis, J. G. Rhoads, and H. W. Stoudt. “Longitudinal physique changes among healthy white veterans at Boston.” Hum Biol 49, no. 4 (December 1977): 541–58.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Psychiatric symptom dimensions in the Cornell Medical Index among normal adult males.” J Clin Psychol 33, no. 4 (October 1977): 941–46.
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  - Bosse, R., P. T. Costa, and P. Bartone. “Cigarette smoking and longitudinal decline in pulmonary functioning.” Gerontologist 17, no. 5 II (January 1, 1977): 41.
  - Costa, P. T., J. L. Fozard, and R. R. McCrae. “Personological interpretation of factors from the Strong Vocational Interest Blank Scales.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1977): 231–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(77)90060-4.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Age differences in personality structure revisited: Studies in validity, stability, and change.” Int J Aging Hum Dev 8, no. 4 (1977): 261–75. https://doi.org/10.2190/awyd-qt2l-wvnm-4f98.
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  - Kastenbaum, R., and P. T. Costa. “Psychological perspectives on death.” Annu Rev Psychol 28 (1977): 225–49. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.28.020177.001301.
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  - Costa, P. T., J. L. Fozard, R. R. McCrae, and R. Bosśe. “Relations of age and personality dimensions to cognitive ability factors.” J Gerontol 31, no. 6 (November 1976): 663–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/31.6.663.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Age differences in personality structure: a cluster analytic approach.” J Gerontol 31, no. 5 (September 1976): 564–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/31.5.564.
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  - EKERDT, D. J., C. L. ROSE, R. BOSSE, and P. T. COSTA. “Longitudinal change in preferred age of retirement.” Journal of Occupational Psychology 49, no. 3 (January 1, 1976): 161–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00341.x.
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  - McCrae, R. R., P. T. Bartone, and P. T. Costa. “Age, anxiety, and self-reported health.” Int J Aging Hum Dev 7, no. 1 (1976): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.2190/493K-DD4Q-59MF-GGVF.
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  - Bossé, R., P. Costa, M. Cohen, and S. Podolsky. “Age, smoking inhalation, and pulmonary function.” Arch Environ Health 30, no. 10 (October 1975): 495–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1975.10666760.
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  - COSTA, P. T. “INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING IN ADULTS - PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES - JARVIK,LF, EISDORFER,C AND BLUM,JE.” International Journal of Aging & Human Development 5, no. 1 (1974): 111–13.
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  - COSTA, P. T. “ONWARD IF NOT UPWARD.” Aging and Human Development 1, no. 4 (1970): 401–4.
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  - O’Cleirigh, Conall, Nicholas S. Perry, S Wade Taylor, Jessica N. Coleman, Paul T. Costa, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Steven A. Safren. “Personality Traits and Adaptive HIV Disease Management: Relationships with Engagement in Care and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Highly Sexually Active Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV.” Lgbt Health 5, no. 4 (n.d.): 257–63. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0065.
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- Book Sections
  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Age differences in personality structure revisited: Studies in validity, stability, and change.” In Being and Becoming Old, 141–53, 2019.
  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “The NEO inventories.” In Personality Assessment: Second Edition, 229–60, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203119143.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Cross-cultural perspectives on adult personality trait development.” In Handbook of Personality Development, 129–45, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315805610-14.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Stability and change in personality assessment: The revised NEO personality inventory in the year 2000.” In Emerging Issues and Methods in Personality Assessment, 87–95, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203774618-12.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders.” In The Science of Mental Health: Volume 7: Personality and Personality Disorder, 17–33, 2013.
  - Widiger, T. A., and P. T. Costa. “Personality and personality disorders.” In The Science of Mental Health: Volume 7: Personality and Personality Disorder, 118–31, 2013.
  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “The Five-Factor Model and the NEO Inventories.” In Oxford Handbook of Personality Assessment, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195366877.013.0016.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. Mccrae. “The Five-Factor Model, Five-Factor Theory, and Interpersonal Psychology.” In Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions, 91–104, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118001868.ch6.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Major contributions to the psychology of personality.” In Hans Eysenck: Consensus and Controversy, 65–74, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203299449.
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  - Costa, P. T. “The NEO inventories.” In Personality Assessment, 213–45, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203933244.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “The revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R).” In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 2 - Personality Measurement and Testing, 179–98, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200479.n9.
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  - McCrae, R. R., and P. T. Costa. “Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits.” In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 1 - Personality Theories and Models, 273–94, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n13.
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  - Costa, P., J. Samuels, M. Bagby, L. Daffin, H. Norton, G. O. Gabbard, A. Rothenberg, et al. “Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: A Review.” In Personality Disorders, 405–77, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470090383.ch6.
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- Conference Papers
  - Georgiades, Anastasia, Zackery W. Reavis, Redford B. Williams, Cynthia M. Kuhn, William E. Kraus, Kim M. Huffman, James D. Lane, Paul Costa, Ilene C. Siegler, and Richard S. Surwit. “EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL AND NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS DURING AN INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACUTE INSULIN RESPONSE (AIR), AN EARLY RISK MARKER FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES.” In Psychosomatic Medicine, 81:A42–A42. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2019.
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  - Reavis, Zackery W., Cynthia M. Kuhn, Redford B. Williams, Richard S. Surwit, William E. Kraus, Kim M. Huffman, James D. Lane, Paul Costa, Ilene C. Siegler, and Anastasia Georgiades. “EIGHT-MONTH STABILITY OF PLASMA EPINEPHRINE AND CORTISOL IN FASTED ADULTS AT BASELINE AND IN RESPONSE TO A GLUCOSE BOLUS.” In Psychosomatic Medicine, 81:A41–42. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2019.
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  - Rojo-Wissar, Darlynn M., Amal A. Wanigatunga, Mark N. Wu, Vadim Zipunnikov, Jennifer A. Schrack, Sharmin Hossain, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Paul Costa, Antonio Terracciano, and Adam P. Spira. “PERSONALITY TRAITS, INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IN OLDER ADULTS.” In Sleep, Vol. 42, 2019.
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  - Georgiades, Anastasia, Richard S. Surwit, James D. Lane, Ilene C. Siegler, Cynthia M. Kuhn, Beverly H. Brummett, Stephen H. Boyle, Michael A. Babyak, Paul Costa, and Redford B. Williams. “REDUCED ADRENAL MEDULLARY ACTIVITY MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL GLUCOSE REGULATION IN THE OBESE STATE.” In Psychosomatic Medicine, 80:A65–A65. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018.
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  - Williams, R. B., A. Georgiades, B. H. Brummett, M. A. Babyak, R. Jiang, S. H. Shah, R. C. Becker, et al. “DRD2 SNP RS4586205, CHD METABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN NORMALS AND CLINICAL COURSE IN CHD PATIENTS.” In International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21:S52–S52. SPRINGER, 2014.
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  - Hock, Rebecca S., Hochang B. Lee, O Joseph Bienvenu, Gerald Nestadt, Jack F. Samuels, Jeanine M. Parisi, Costa Paul T. Jr, and Adam P. Spira. “Personality and Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.” In American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20:S85–86, 2012.
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  - Tolea, M., P. T. Costa, A. Terracciano, L. Ferrucci, K. Faulkner, M. Coday, H. N. Ayonayon, and E. Simonsick. “PERSONALITY AND WALKING SPEED DECLINE: FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTH, AGING AND BODY COMPOSITION STUDY.” In Gerontologist, 50:340–340, 2010.
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  - Siegler, Ilene C., Redford B. Williams, Barbara K. Rimer, David C. Rubin, Beverly H. Brummett, John C. Barefoot, and Paul T. Costa. “WHEN I'M 64: FINDINGS FROM THE UNC ALUMNI HEART STUDY.” In International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17:9–10. SPRINGER, 2010.
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  - Kapogiannis, Dimitrios, Angelina Sutin, Paul Costa, and Susan Resnick. “Structural Brain Differences Associated with Personality.” In Neurology, 74:A409–A409, 2010.
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  - Moor, Marleen H. M. de, Dorret I. Boomsma, Eco J. C. de Geus, Gonneke Willemsen, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Marijn A. Distel, Goncalo R. Abecasis, et al. “Meta-analysis of genome-wide association results in > 10.000 individuals for the big five personality traits.” In Behavior Genetics, 39:643–643, 2009.
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  - Loeckenhoff, C. E., F. De Fruyt, A. Terracciano, R. McCrae, M. De Boile, and Costa P. Jr. “INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS OF AGING AND THEIR CULTURE-LEVEL CORRELATES.” In Gerontologist, 48:718–19, 2008.
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  - Page, William F., Angelina R. Sutin, and Paul T. Costa. “Genetic influences on personality in old age.” In Behavior Genetics, 37:783–783, 2007.
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  - Jr, Costa Paul. “COMMENTARY ON TRULL Just Do It: Replace Axis II With a Diagnostic System Based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality.” In Dimensional Models of Personality Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for Dsm V, 195–98, 2006.
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  - Ruiz-Padial, Elisabeth, Sollers John J. III, Costa Paul T. Jr, and Julian F. Thayer. “Heart rate variability and personality: Physiological concomitants of the resilient personality?” In Psychophysiology, 43:S83–S83, 2006.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Looking backward changes in the mean levels of personality traits from 80 to 12.” In Advances in Personality Science, 219–37, 2002.
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  - Costa, P. T. “The five-factor model as a robust foundation for the structure of personality disorders.” In European Psychiatry, 15:37–37, 2000.
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  - Sollers, J. J., J. F. Thayer, M. A. Pearson, M. L. Faith, and P. T. Costa. “Personality correlates of autonomic activity and mood at rest.” In Psychophysiology, 36:S109–S109, 1999.
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  - Corrada, M. M., P. T. Costa, and C. H. Kawas. “Head injury and the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease.” In Neurology, 48:5054–5054, 1997.
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  - Sacktor, N. C., S. M. Gray, C. H. Kawas, J. L. Fleg, and P. T. Costa. “Elevated blood pressure is associated with memory decline in an elderly hypertensive cohort.” In Neurology, 48:2030–2030, 1997.
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  - Costa, P. T. “Work and personality: Use of the NEO-PI-R in industrial/organisational psychology.” In Applied Psychology, 45:225–41, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1996.tb00766.x.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders.” In Journal of Personality Disorders, 6:343–59, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343.
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  - Costa, P. T., and R. R. McCrae. “Four ways five factors are basic.” In Personality and Individual Differences, 13:653–65, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I.
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  - COSTA, P. T., A. B. ZONDERMAN, and R. R. MCCRAE. “PERSONALITY, DEFENSE, COPING, AND ADAPTATION IN OLDER ADULTHOOD.” In Life Span Developmental Psychology : Perspectives on Stress and Coping, 277–93, 1991.
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  - ALMADA, S. J., A. B. ZONDERMAN, A. R. DYER, R. B. SHEKELLE, M. L. DAVIGLUS, J. STAMLER, and P. T. COSTA. “CYNICISM, NEUROTICISM, AND 25-YEAR MORTALITY IN THE WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY STUDY.” In Psychosomatic Medicine, 52:222–222, 1990.
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  - FLEG, J. L., G. GERSTENBLITH, A. B. ZONDERMAN, L. C. BECKER, M. L. WEISFELDT, P. T. COSTA, and E. G. LAKATTA. “LONG-TERM SIGNIFICANCE OF EXERCISE-INDUCED SILENT ISCHEMIA DETECTED BY ECG AND THALLIUM SCINTIGRAPHY IN ASYMPTOMATIC VOLUNTEERS.” In Circulation, 76:395–395, 1987.
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  - BAILE, W. F., P. T. COSTA, and J. BRINKER. “BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS AND PHYSICIANS JUDGMENTS OF ATYPICAL CHEST PAIN SYMPTOMS IN THE PREDICTION OF CORONARY-OCCLUSION.” In Psychosomatic Medicine, 45:78–79, 1983.
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  - ZONDERMAN, A. B., and P. T. COSTA. “FAMILIAL INFLUENCES ON PERSONALITY STABILITY.” In Behavior Genetics, 12:604–604, 1982.
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  - BOSSE, R., P. T. COSTA, and P. BARTONE. “CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND LONGITUDINAL DECLINE IN PULMONARY FUNCTIONING.” In Gerontologist, 17:41–41, 1977.
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  - COSTA, P. T., and R. R. MCCRAE. “CROSS-SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MASCULINITY-FEMININITY IN ADULT MEN.” In Gerontologist, 17:50–50, 1977.
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  - ROWE, W., P. T. COSTA, S. BURNEY, and S. PODOLSKY. “IMPACT OF AGE ON ANTERIOR-PITUITARY HORMONES IN ADULT MALES.” In Gerontologist, 17:112–112, 1977.
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  - COSTA, P. T., E. R. LOFTUS, K. K. KAPUR, and H. H. CHAUNCEY. “INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG PERSONALITY FACTORS AND PAROTID SALIVA SECRETION AND COMPOSITION IN HEALTHY MEN.” In Journal of Dental Research, 54:166–166, 1975.
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  - COSTA, P. T., and J. L. FOZARD. “RELATIONSHIPS OF AGE AND PERSONALITY TYPE TO COGNITIVE-ABILITY FACTORS.” In Gerontologist, 15:65–65, 1975.
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  - NUTTALL, R. L., and P. T. COSTA. “DRINKING PATTERNS AS AFFECTED BY AGE AND BY PERSONALITY TYPE.” In Gerontologist, 15:35–35, 1975.
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  - COSTA, P. T. “PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF EGO DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE AND LATER LIFE.” In Gerontologist, 12:59, 1972.
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