Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell

Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
Research Professor of Global Health

Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell is interested in the interplay between mental and physical well-being and has designed and tested interventions that integrate care for people with obesity and depression; HIV/AIDS and substance use; and hepatitis C and alcohol use.

Most recently, Rae Jean has been studying positive mental health as a way to prevent depression and promote caring for one's physical health. Her work currently focuses on caregivers, including clergy in North Carolina and caregivers of orphaned and vulnerable children in Kenya, Ethiopia, India, and Cambodia.

Soon, she will be testing four interventions to reduce stress symptoms.

As someone trained in both clinical and community psychology, Rae Jean is interested in the impact of systems and environmental contexts on individuals.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Research Professor of Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2021

Contact Information

310 Trent Drive, Room 310, Trent, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90392, Durham, NC 27708
rae.jean@duke.edu (919) 613-5442
Center for Health Policy & Inequalities Research
Clergy Health Initiative
DGHI

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Arizona State University 2003
- M.A., Arizona State University 1998
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Research Professor of Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2015 - 2021
- Assistant Research Professor, Duke Global Health Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2009 - 2015
Recognition
In the News
- DEC 10, 2021 Bass Connections
  
  With Lessons From a Kenyan Project, Duke Team Helps Durham Families Build Resilience
- OCT 21, 2020 Duke Global
  
  How the Pandemic Has Changed Duke's International Partnerships
- AUG 27, 2018 Faith & Leadership
  
  What's the Good News About Clergy Health?
- JUN 19, 2017
  
  Clergy Intervention Program Reduces Health Risk Factors
- APR 28, 2016
  
  Divinity School Initiative on Helping Clergy Achieve Positive Mental Health
- FEB 20, 2015
  
  DGHI’s Evidence Lab to Develop Evaluation Tools for Global Health Innovators
- MAY 21, 2014
  
  DGHI Launches Evidence Lab to Evaluate Global Health Technologies, Programs Under Real-world Conditions
- AUG 27, 2013
  
  Clergy More Likely to Suffer From Depression, Anxiety
- JUL 12, 2013 WUNC Radio
  
  Duke Clergy Health Initiative: Helping clergy help themselves
- JUN 3, 2013
  
  The Duke Endowment Gives $5.74 Million for Clergy Health Research at Duke
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Research
Research
Selected Grants
- Evaluate stress Innoculation and Intervention Programs for UM Clergy in NC awarded by Duke Endowment 2018 - 2023
- mHealth-supported telecolposcopy for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2021
- Sabbath Living Evaluation awarded by Blessed Earth 2017 - 2020
- RCT of an Integrated Treatment of Persons with Co-Occurring HCV and Alcohol Abuse awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2019
- Stress Inoculation Training awarded by Duke Endowment 2017 - 2018
- Flourishing mental health in caregivers: A mixed methods study of religion and virtuous practices across four countries and religious traditions awarded by St. Louis University 2016 - 2018
- Speculum-free gynecology with applications to primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer awarded by North Carolina Biotechnology Center 2017 - 2018
- The Casual Effect of Effective Depression Treatment on HIV Outcomes in CINICS awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2013 - 2015
- Carolina Alcohol and Drug Expansion Team (CADET) awarded by Department of Health and Human Services 2007 - 2013
- Integrated Treatment of Persons with Co-Occurring HCV and Alcohol Use/Abuse awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2011
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, and Jason Byassee. Faithful and Fractured: Responding to the Clergy Health Crisis. Baker Academic, 2018.
- Academic Articles
  - Puffer, Eve S., Savannah L. Johnson, Kaitlin N. Quick, Amber D. Rieder, Mahgul Mansoor, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Sierra Jones, et al. “Family Strengthening in the Context of COVID-19: Adapting a Community-Based Intervention from Kenya to the United States.” Prevention Science : The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, August 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01418-9.
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  - Wimberly, Courtney E., Harshini Rajapakse, Lawrence P. Park, Ashley Price, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, and Truls Østbye. “Mental well-being in Sri Lankan medical students: a cross-sectional study.” Psychol Health Med 27, no. 6 (July 2022): 1213–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1858488.
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  - Reid, Hadley Woodruff, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Christina Makarushka, Katherine Dayllan Melgar Vega, Megan Huchko, Jose Jeronimo, and Lavanya Vasudevan. “Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Inform the Design of the Mobile Inspección Visual con Ácido Acético System: Mixed Methods Case Study.” Jmir Form Res 6, no. 6 (June 23, 2022): e32577. https://doi.org/10.2196/32577.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, R. J., B. Stringfield, J. Yao, J. Choi, D. Eagle, C. F. Hybels, H. Parnell, K. Keefe, and S. Shilling. “Changes in Sabbath-Keeping and Mental Health Over Time: Evaluation Findings From the Sabbath Living Study.” Journal of Psychology and Theology 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 123–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211046227.
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  - Johnston, Erin F., David E. Eagle, Amy Corneli, Brian Perry, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Seminary Students and Physical Health: Beliefs, Behaviors, and Barriers.” J Relig Health 61, no. 2 (April 2022): 1207–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01480-7.
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  - Hybels, Celia F., Dan G. Blazer, David E. Eagle, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Age differences in trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms in a population with a high likelihood of persistent occupational distress.” Int Psychogeriatr 34, no. 1 (January 2022): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220001751.
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  - Tice, Logan C., David E. Eagle, Joshua A. Rash, Jessie S. Larkins, Sofia M. Labrecque, Alyssa Platt, Jia Yao, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “The Selah study protocol of three interventions to manage stress among clergy: a preference-based randomized waitlist control trial.” Trials 22, no. 1 (December 2021): 892. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05845-x.
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  - Patel, Yuval A., Jia Yao, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Donna Niedzwiecki, Elizabeth Goacher, and Andrew J. Muir. “Reduced Alcohol Use Is Sustained in Patients Provided Alcohol-Related Counseling During Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C.” Dig Dis Sci 66, no. 9 (September 2021): 2956–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06616-5.
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  - Pieters, Michelle M., Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Emily Coffey, Megan J. Huchko, and Lavanya Vasudevan. “Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in metropolitan Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional study.” Bmc Womens Health 21, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 304. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01431-0.
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  - Biru, Blen M., Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Bonnie N. Kaiser, Heather E. Parnell, Venkata Gopala Krishna Kaza, Ira Madan, Misganaw Eticha Dubie, Vanroth Vann, Cyrilla Amanya, and Kathryn Whetten. “Residential Care Directors’ Perceptions of Desirable Characteristics of Caregivers for Orphaned and Separated Children.” International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology 6, no. 2 (July 2021): 113–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-020-00041-9.
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  - Eagle, David E., Joshua A. Rash, Logan Tice, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Evaluation of a remote, internet-delivered version of the Trier Social Stress Test.” International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology 165 (July 2021): 137–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.009.
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  - Wilder, Julius M., Donna M. Evon, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Jia Yao, Malik Muhammed Sohail, Donna Niedzwiecki, Christina Makarushka, Terra Hodge, and Andrew J. Muir. “Why do patients with chronic hepatitis C drink alcohol? An examination of pain, depression and drinking motives.” J Viral Hepat 28, no. 5 (May 2021): 699–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13474.
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  - Keyes, C. L. M., M. M. Sohail, N. J. Molokwu, H. Parnell, C. Amanya, V. G. K. Kaza, Y. B. Saddo, V. Vann, S. Tzudier, and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “How Would You Describe a Mentally Healthy Person? A Cross-Cultural Qualitative Study of Caregivers of Orphans and Separated Children.” Journal of Happiness Studies 22, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1719–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00293-x.
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  - Muhammad Sohail, Malik, Jia Yao, Donna M. Evon, Andrew J. Muir, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Change in Alcohol Use and Association with Positive and Negative Emotions: Results from an Alcohol Treatment Study with Hepatitis C Patients.” Alcohol Treat Q 39, no. 4 (2021): 430–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347324.2020.1868957.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, David Eagle, Logan Tice, Jia Yao, Joshua Rash, Jessica Choi, Beth Stringfield, and Sofia Labrecque. “The Selah pilot study of spiritual, mindfulness, and stress inoculation practices on stress-related outcomes: A non-randomized participant preference control pilot study,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1056451/v1.
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  - Vasudevan, Lavanya, Sandra Stinnett, Cecelia Mizelle, Katherine Melgar, Christina Makarushka, Michelle Pieters, Luis Enrique Roman Sanchez, Jose Jeronimo, Megan J. Huchko, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Barriers to the uptake of cervical cancer services and attitudes towards adopting new interventions in Peru.” Prev Med Rep 20 (December 2020): 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101212.
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  - Liu, X., K. Whetten, N. S. Prose, D. Eagle, H. E. Parnell, C. Amanya, V. Vann, et al. “Enjoyment and meaning in daily activities among caregivers of orphaned and separated children in four countries.” Children and Youth Services Review 116 (September 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105103.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Donna M. Evon, Jia Yao, Donna Niedzwiecki, Christina Makarushka, Kelly A. Keefe, Ashwin A. Patkar, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Alcohol Reduction Intervention in Patients With Hepatitis C Infection.” Hepatology 71, no. 6 (June 2020): 1894–1909. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31058.
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  - Eagle, David E., Warren A. Kinghorn, Heather Parnell, Cyrilla Amanya, Vanroth Vann, Senti Tzudir, Venkata Gopala Krishna Kaza, Chimdi Temesgen Safu, Kathryn Whetten, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Religion and Caregiving for Orphans and Vulnerable Children: A Qualitative Study of Caregivers Across Four Religious Traditions and Five Global Contexts.” J Relig Health 59, no. 3 (June 2020): 1666–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00955-y.
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  - Keyes, Corey L. M., Jia Yao, Celia F. Hybels, Glen Milstein, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Are changes in positive mental health associated with increased likelihood of depression over a two year period? A test of the mental health promotion and protection hypotheses.” J Affect Disord 270 (June 1, 2020): 136–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.056.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Dori M. Steinberg, Jia Yao, David E. Eagle, Timothy W. Smith, Grace Y. Cai, and Elizabeth L. Turner. “Using a holistic health approach to achieve weight-loss maintenance: results from the Spirited Life intervention.” Transl Behav Med 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 223–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby117.
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  - Milstein, G., C. F. Hybels, and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “A prospective study of clergy spiritual well-being, depressive symptoms, and occupational distress.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 409–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000252.
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  - Kinghorn, W. A., C. L. M. Keyes, H. E. Parnell, D. E. Eagle, B. M. Biru, C. Amanya, V. Vann, et al. “Putting virtues in context: engaging the VIA classification of character strengths in caregiving for orphans and vulnerable children across cultures.” Journal of Positive Psychology 14, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): 845–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1579363.
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  - Hough, H., R. J. Proeschold-Bell, X. Liu, C. Weisner, E. L. Turner, and J. Yao. “Relationships between Sabbath Observance and Mental, Physical, and Spiritual Health in Clergy.” Pastoral Psychology 68, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 171–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-018-0838-9.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, R. J., N. J. Molokwu, C. L. M. Keyes, M. M. Sohail, D. E. Eagle, H. E. Parnell, W. A. Kinghorn, et al. “Caring and thriving: An international qualitative study of caregivers of orphaned and vulnerable children and strategies to sustain positive mental health,” March 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.024.
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  - Asiedu, Mercy, Júlia Agudogo, Mary Elizabeth Dotson, Marlee Krieger, John Schmitt, Megan Huchko, Gita Suneja, et al. “A Novel, Versatile Speculum-free Callascope for Clinical Examination and Self-Visualization of the Cervix,” 2019. https://doi.org/10.1101/618348.
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  - Hybels, Celia F., Dan G. Blazer, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Persistent Depressive Symptoms in a Population With High Levels of Occupational Stress: Trajectories Offer Insights Into Both Chronicity and Resilience.” J Psychiatr Pract 24, no. 6 (November 2018): 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000337.
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  - Case, Andrew D., David E. Eagle, Jia Yao, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Disentangling Race and Socioeconomic Status in HealthDisparities Research: an Examination of Black and White Clergy.” Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5, no. 5 (October 2018): 1014–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0449-7.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Donna M. Evon, Christina Makarushka, John B. Wong, Santanu K. Datta, Jia Yao, Ashwin A. Patkar, et al. “The Hepatitis C-Alcohol Reduction Treatment (Hep ART) intervention: Study protocol of a multi-center randomized controlled trial.” Contemp Clin Trials 72 (September 2018): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2018.07.003.
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  - McGarrity, Larissa A., David M. Huebner, Carol J. Nemeroff, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Longitudinal Predictors of Behavioral Intentions and HIV Service Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men.” Prevention Science : The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research 19, no. 4 (May 2018): 507–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0824-y.
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  - Khatiwoda, Prasana, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Christina S. Meade, Lawrence P. Park, and Scott Proescholdbell. “Facilitators and Barriers to Naloxone Kit Use Among Opioid-Dependent Patients Enrolled in Medication Assisted Therapy Clinics in North Carolina.” N C Med J 79, no. 3 (May 2018): 149–55. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.3.149.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Elizabeth L. Turner, Gary G. Bennett, Jia Yao, Xiang-Fang Li, David E. Eagle, Rachel A. Meyer, et al. “A 2-Year Holistic Health and Stress Intervention: Results of an RCT in Clergy.” Am J Prev Med 53, no. 3 (September 2017): 290–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.009.
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  - Smith, Timothy W., David E. Eagle, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Prospective Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and the Metabolic Syndrome: the Spirited Life Study of Methodist Pastors in North Carolina.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine : A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine 51, no. 4 (August 2017): 610–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-017-9883-3.
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  - Adams, C. J., H. Hough, R. J. Proeschold-Bell, J. Yao, and M. Kolkin. “Clergy Burnout: A Comparison Study with Other Helping Professions.” Pastoral Psychology 66, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 147–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-016-0722-4.
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  - Eagle, D. E., A. A. Miles, and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “The Honeymoon is Over: Occupational Relocation and Changes in Mental Health Among United Methodist Clergy.” Review of Religious Research 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-016-0263-4.
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  - Asiedu, Mercy Nyamewaa, Júlia Agudogo, Marlee S. Krieger, Robert Miros, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, John W. Schmitt, and Nimmi Ramanujam. “Design and preliminary analysis of a vaginal inserter for speculum-free cervical cancer screening.” Plos One 12, no. 5 (2017): e0177782. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177782.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, R. J., A. Eisenberg, C. Adams, B. Smith, S. Legrand, and A. Wilk. “The Glory of God is a Human Being Fully Alive: Predictors of Positive Versus Negative Mental Health Among Clergy.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 702–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12234.
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  - Walther, Nikki Georggi, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Sara Benjamin-Neelon, Sherine Adipo, and Eunice Kamaara. “"We Hide Under the Scriptures": Conceptualization of Health Among United Methodist Church Clergy in Kenya.” J Relig Health 54, no. 6 (December 2015): 2235–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9947-7.
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  - Skalski, Linda M., Melissa H. Watt, Jessica C. MacFarlane, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Jason E. Stout, and Kathleen J. Sikkema. “Mental Health and Substance Use Among Patients in a North Carolina HIV Clinic.” N C Med J 76, no. 3 (July 2015): 148–55. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.76.3.148.
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  - Eagle, D. E., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Methodological considerations in the use of name generators and interpreters.” Social Networks 40 (January 1, 2015): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2014.07.005.
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  - Blouin, R., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Measuring stress in a clergy population: Lessons learned from cognitive interview testing of the Perceived Stress Scale with clergy.” Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion 26 (2015): 141–54.
  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Jia Yao, Sisira Gorthala, and Andrew Muir. “Development of a Measure of Hepatitis C-alcohol Knowledge.” Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 58, no. 3 (December 2014): 7–18.
  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Chongming Yang, Matthew Toth, Monica Corbitt Rivers, and Kenneth Carder. “Closeness to God among those doing God's work: a spiritual well-being measure for clergy.” Journal of Religion and Health 53, no. 3 (June 2014): 878–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9682-5.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, R. J., S. Reif, B. Taylor, A. Patkar, P. Mannelli, J. Yao, and E. B. Quinlivan. “Substance Use Outcomes of an Integrated HIV-Substance Use Treatment Model Implemented by Social Workers and HIV Medical Providers.” Health and Social Work 41, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): e1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv088.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Andrew Miles, Matthew Toth, Christopher Adams, Bruce W. Smith, and David Toole. “Using effort-reward imbalance theory to understand high rates of depression and anxiety among clergy.” J Prim Prev 34, no. 6 (December 2013): 439–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0321-4.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Robin Swift, H Edgar Moore, Gary Bennett, Xiang-Fang Li, Rachel Blouin, Virginia P. Williams, Redford B. Williams, and David Toole. “Use of a randomized multiple baseline design: rationale and design of the spirited life holistic health intervention study.” Contemp Clin Trials 35, no. 2 (July 2013): 138–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2013.05.005.
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  - Miles, A., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Overcoming the challenges of pastoral work? Peer support groups and psychological distress among united methodist church clergy.” Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 199–226. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srs055.
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  - Reif, Susan, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Jia Yao, Sara Legrand, Anna Uehara, Edgar Asiimwe, and Evelyn Byrd Quinlivan. “Three types of self-efficacy associated with medication adherence in patients with co-occurring HIV and substance use disorders, but only when mood disorders are present.” Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 6 (January 2013): 229–37. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s44204.
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  - Cutts, Teresa F., Gary R. Gunderson, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, and Robin Swift. “The life of leaders: an intensive health program for clergy.” Journal of Religion and Health 51, no. 4 (December 2012): 1317–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9436-6.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, and Sara LeGrand. “Physical health functioning among United Methodist clergy.” Journal of Religion and Health 51, no. 3 (September 2012): 734–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9372-5.
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  - Norton, Brianna L., Lawrence Park, Leah J. McGrath, Rae Jean Proeschold Bell, Andrew J. Muir, and Susanna Naggie. “Health care utilization in HIV-infected patients: assessing the burden of hepatitis C virus coinfection.” Aids Patient Care Stds 26, no. 9 (September 2012): 541–45. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2012.0170.
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  - Hoyt, Michael A., Lisa R. Rubin, Carol J. Nemeroff, Joyce Lee, David M. Huebner, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “HIV/AIDS-related institutional mistrust among multiethnic men who have sex with men: effects on HIV testing and risk behaviors.” Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association 31, no. 3 (May 2012): 269–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025953.
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  - Pence, Brian Wells, Michael J. Mugavero, Tandrea J. Carter, Jane Leserman, Nathan M. Thielman, James L. Raper, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Susan Reif, and Kathryn Whetten. “Childhood trauma and health outcomes in HIV-infected patients: an exploration of causal pathways.” J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 59, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 409–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824150bb.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Ashwin A. Patkar, Susanna Naggie, Lesleyjill Coward, Paolo Mannelli, Jia Yao, Patricia Bixby, and Andrew J. Muir. “An integrated alcohol abuse and medical treatment model for patients with hepatitis C.” Dig Dis Sci 57, no. 4 (April 2012): 1083–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1976-4.
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  - Miles, A., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Are rural clergy worse off?: An examination of occupational conditions and pastoral experiences in a sample of united methodist clergy.” Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srr025.
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  - Wallace, A. C., R. J. Proeschold-Bell, S. LeGrand, J. James, R. Swift, D. Toole, and M. Toth. “Health Programming for Clergy: An Overview of Protestant Programs in the United States.” Pastoral Psychology 61, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 113–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-011-0382-3.
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  - Asiimwe, E., R. J. Proeschold Bell, K. Page, A. Nankunda, and D. Boyd. “Young men’s willingness to undergo Safe Male Circumcision (SMC) decreases with increased educational attainment in some rural areas of central Uganda.” Journal of Global Health 2, no. 1 (2012): 17–21.
  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Sara LeGrand, Amanda Wallace, John James, H Edgar Moore, Robin Swift, and David Toole. “Tailoring health programming to clergy: findings from a study of United Methodist clergy in North Carolina.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 40, no. 3 (January 2012): 246–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2012.680423.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, and Patrick J. McDevitt. “An overview of the history and current status of clergy health.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 40, no. 3 (January 2012): 177–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2012.680407.
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  - LeGrand, S., R. J. Proeschold Bell, J. James, and A. Wallace. “Healthy leaders: Multilevel health promotion considerations for diverse United Methodist Church pastors (Accepted).” Journal of Community Psychology, 2012.
  - Kolman, Marc, Mary DeCoster, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Genevieve Ankeny Hunter, John Bartlett, and Arlene C. Seña. “The increasing impact of human immunodeficiency virus infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and viral hepatitis in Durham County, North Carolina: a call for coordinated and integrated services.” North Carolina Medical Journal 72, no. 6 (November 2011): 439–46.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Bettina Hoeppner, Baishakhi Taylor, Sarah Cohen, Rachel Blouin, Beth Stringfield, and Andrew J. Muir. “An interrupted time series evaluation of a hepatitis C intervention for persons with HIV.” Aids Behav 15, no. 8 (November 2011): 1721–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9870-1.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Sara Legrand, John James, Amanda Wallace, Christopher Adams, and David Toole. “A theoretical model of the holistic health of United Methodist clergy.” J Relig Health 50, no. 3 (September 2011): 700–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9250-1.
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  - Miles, Andrew, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, and Eve Puffer. “Explaining rural/non-rural disparities in physical health-related quality of life: a study of United Methodist clergy in North Carolina.” Quality of Life Research : An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation 20, no. 6 (August 2011): 807–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9817-z.
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  - Miles, A., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Exploring rural/non-rural differences among united methodist churches and clergy in north Carolina.” Review of Religious Research 53, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 371–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-011-0030-5.
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  - Belden, Charles M., and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “A comparison of the adoption of electronic health records in North Carolina and South Carolina HIV systems.” Southern Medical Journal 103, no. 11 (November 2010): 1115–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e3181f69add.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Charles M. Belden, Heather Parnell, Sarah Cohen, Mark Cromwell, and F. Lombard. “A randomized controlled trial of health information exchange between human immunodeficiency virus institutions.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : Jphmp 16, no. 6 (November 2010): 521–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181df78b9.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Amy Heine, Brian Wells Pence, Keith McAdam, and Evelyn Byrd Quinlivan. “A cross-site, comparative effectiveness study of an integrated HIV and substance use treatment program.” Aids Patient Care Stds 24, no. 10 (October 2010): 651–58. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2010.0073.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, and Sara H. LeGrand. “High rates of obesity and chronic disease among United Methodist clergy.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 18, no. 9 (September 2010): 1867–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.102.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Rachel Blouin, Susan Reif, Arit Amana, Benjamin J. Rowland, Frank Lombard, Beth Stringfield, and Andrew J. Muir. “Hepatitis C transmission, prevention, and treatment knowledge among patients with HIV.” South Med J 103, no. 7 (July 2010): 635–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181e1dde1.
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  - Flores, B. D., R. J. Proeschold-Bell, C. M. Belden, B. Barton, and F. Lombard. “Provider reports on the ability to implement changes in practice following HIV-HCV training.” Journal of Hiv/Aids and Social Services 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381500903584262.
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  - Flores, B., R. J. Proeschold Bell, B. Barton, M. Belden, and F. Lombard. “Provider reports on changes and barriers to changes in HIV-HCV co-infection practices.” Journal of Hiv/Aids and Social Services 9, no. 1 (2010): 27–44.
  - Proeschold Bell, R. J., C. M. Belden, H. Parnell, S. Cohen, M. Cromwell, and F. Lombard. “A randomized controlled trial of health information exchange between HIV institutions.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 16, no. 6 (2010): 521–28.
  - Lombard, Frank, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, Katherine Cooper, Laura Musselwhite, and Evelyn Byrd Quinlivan. “Adaptations across clinical sites of an integrated treatment model for persons with HIV and substance abuse.” Aids Patient Care and Stds 23, no. 8 (August 2009): 631–38. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2008.0260.
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  - Weaver, Marcia R., Christopher J. Conover, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, Peter S. Arno, Alfonso Ang, Karina K. Uldall, and Susan L. Ettner. “Cost-effectiveness analysis of integrated care for people with HIV, chronic mental illness and substance abuse disorders.” The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics 12, no. 1 (March 2009): 33–46.
  - Ettner, Susan L., Christopher J. Conover, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, Marcia R. Weaver, Alfonso Ang, Peter S. Arno, and Peter S. HIV/AIDS Treatment Adherence, Health Outcomes and Cost Study Group. “Triply-diagnosed patients in the HIV/AIDS Treatment Adherence, Health Outcomes and Cost Study: patterns of home care use.” Aids Care 20, no. 10 (November 2008): 1177–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120801918644.
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  - Weaver, Marcia R., Christopher J. Conover, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, Peter S. Arno, Alfonso Ang, Susan L. Ettner, and Susan L. Cost Subcommittee of the HIV/AIDS Treatment Adherence, Health Outcomes, and Cost Study Group. “Utilization of mental health and substance abuse care for people living with HIV/AIDS, chronic mental illness, and substance abuse disorders.” J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 449–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181642244.
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  - Nemeroff, Carol J., Michael A. Hoyt, David M. Huebner, and Rae Jean Proescholdbell. “The Cognitive Escape Scale: measuring HIV-related thought avoidance.” Aids Behav 12, no. 2 (March 2008): 305–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9345-1.
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  - Magnus, Manya, Jane Herwehe, Rae Jean Proescholdbell, Frank Lombard, Adan Cajina, Zubin Dastur, Mari Millery, and Beulah P. Sabundayo. “Guidelines for effective integration of information technology in the care of HIV-infected populations.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : Jphmp 13, no. 1 (January 2007): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200701000-00008.
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  - Huebner, D. M., R. J. Proescholdbell, and C. J. Nemeroff. “Do gay and bisexual men share researchers' definitions of barebacking?” Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v18n01_04.
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  - Proescholdbell, R. J., M. W. Roosa, and C. J. Nemeroff. “Component measures of Psychological Sense of Community among gay men.” Journal of Community Psychology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20080.
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  - Proescholdbell, R. J., L. Chassin, and D. P. MacKinnon. “Home smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking.” Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2, no. 2 (May 2000): 159–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/713688125.
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  - Case, A., R. J. Proeschold-Bell, C. L. M. Keyes, K. Huffman, K. Sittser, A. Wallace, P. Khatiwoda, and H. Parnell. “Attitudes and behaviors that differentiate clergy with positive mental health from those with burnout.” Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, n.d.
  - Eagle, D., Celia Hybels, and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy (Accepted).” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, n.d.
- Book Sections
  - Hoeppner, B., and R. J. Proeschold-Bell. “Time series analysis in community-oriented research.” In Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research, edited by L. A. Jason and D. S. Glenwick. Amer Psychological Assn, 2012.
  - Castro, F. G., R. J. Proeschold-Bell, L. Abeita, and D. Rodriguez. “Ethnic and cultural minority groups.” In Addictions A Comprehensive Guidebook, edited by B. S. McCrady and B. Epstein, 499–526. Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Conference Papers
  - Muir, Andrew Joseph, Jia Yao, Julius Wilder, Christina Makarushka, Kelly Keefe, James Henry Helzberg, Paolo Mannelli, et al. “The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Screening in Patients with Hepatitis C.” In Hepatology, 68:908A-908A. WILEY, 2018.
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  - Wilder, Julius M., Jia Yao, Makarushka Christina, Donna Evon, Michael W. Fried, Susanna Naggie, Andrew J. Muir, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “ASSOCIATIONS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MOTIVES WITH DEPRESSION AND PAIN AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH HEPATITIS C.” In Gastroenterology, 154:S1121–22. W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2018.
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  - Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean, Robin Swift, Edward Moore, David Toole, and Rachel Blouin. “A HOLISTIC HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR CLERGY: RATIONALE AND DESIGN OF THE SPIRITED LIFE STUDY.” In Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 45:S219–S219. SPRINGER, 2013.
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- Datasets
  - Asiedu, Mercy, Marlee Kreiger, John W. Schmitt, Nimmi Ramanujam, Robert Miros, and Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell. “Design and preliminary analysis of a vaginal inserter for speculum-free cervical cancer screening,” May 5, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7924/G8X34VDZ.
    Data Access
- Preprints
  - Reid, Hadley Woodruff, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Christina Makarushka, Katherine Dayllan Melgar Vega, Megan Huchko, Jose Jeronimo, and Lavanya Vasudevan. “Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Inform the Design of the Mobile Inspección Visual con Ácido Acético System: Mixed Methods Case Study (Preprint).” JMIR Publications Inc., August 5, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.32577.
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