Scholars@Duke
Rick Hoyle

Rick Hoyle

Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
Psychology & Neuroscience
Box 90086, 244 Reuben-Cooke, Durham, NC 27708-0086
2200 West Main Street (Suite 800), Durham, NC 27705

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

How autobiographical memory serves morality: Prevalence and properties of memories with moral content.

Journal article Journal of experimental psychology. General · August 2026 Morality is central to human nature. Being morally accountable requires an understanding of oneself as existing through time and space and an ability to remember past events. We present the first series of studies systematically examining the frequency and ... Full text Open Access Cite

How individual differences in autobiographical memory relate to morality

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2026 Autobiographical memory supports several functions essential to daily life such as decision-making, social bonding, and personal identity. Surprisingly, the role of autobiographical memory for moral identity and moral commitments has scarcely been examined ... Full text Cite

The role of self-control in adolescent sleep: Evidence from ecological momentary assessment data.

Journal article Sleep health · June 2026 ObjectivesAdolescence is characterized by age-related biological and psychological changes that increase preference for later wake times and bedtimes. However, wake times are constrained by early school start times, meaning that adolescents must a ... Full text Cite

Developing intellectual humility in adolescence: Why it matters and how schools can help

Journal article Child Development Perspectives · June 1, 2026 Humans are not omniscient. For individuals, appropriately reckoning with intellectual limitations requires intellectual humility or acknowledging the boundaries of their knowledge. Adolescence is a time of immense developmental potential, but is intellectu ... Full text Cite

Bridging Divides: Intellectual Humility's Role in Peaceful Resolution

Journal article Journal of Applied Social Psychology · February 1, 2026 Intractable intergroup conflicts are often sustained by ingroup-biased cognition and outgroup derogation, which perpetuate cycles of retaliation and violence. This study examined how intellectual humility (IH)—the recognition of the limits and potential fa ... Full text Cite

Everyday Discrimination and Adolescents’ Mental Health: Evidence From an Ecological Momentary Assessment

Journal article Journal of Early Adolescence · January 1, 2026 Adolescents who report discrimination experience worse mental health. However, most research has been cross-sectional and retrospective. This study investigated how prospectively-assessed day-to-day perceptions of everyday discrimination relate to mental h ... Full text Cite

Shame, tonic immobility, and reactions to stressful events as phylogenetically conserved submissive defense mechanisms.

Journal article Journal of experimental psychology. General · December 2025 Shame, tonic immobility, and passive reactions to stressful events are phylogenetically conserved, obligatory, submissive defense reactions. Behavior, biology, genetics, evolutionary theories, and theories of humans as ultra-social animals are integrated t ... Full text Cite

Aripiprazole or Bupropion Augmentation Versus Switching to Bupropion in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Risk-Benefit Analysis.

Journal article The Journal of clinical psychiatry · September 2025 Objective: In treatment-resistant depression (TRD), augmentation with aripiprazole (A-ARI) or combination therapy by adding bupropion (C-BUP) has been reported as more effective than switching to bupropion (S-BUP), but C-BUP risks falls in older adu ... Full text Cite

Development and validation of the Goal Dimensions Questionnaire.

Journal article Motivation Science · August 7, 2025 Full text Cite

A scoping review of naturalistic assessments of self-control.

Journal article Pers Individ Dif · July 2025 Self-control has received considerable attention across fields. A substantially smaller portion of the literature has focused on the availability of self-control in the moment. Our interest is a small body of research in which self-control capacity is asse ... Full text Link to item Cite

Direct and indirect pathways linking gentrification to adolescent reading and math achievement via educational aspirations and psychological distress.

Journal article Developmental psychology · May 2025 This study examined how living in a gentrifying neighborhood may impact adolescents' reading and math achievement via educational aspirations and psychological distress and asked whether these pathways differ according to socioeconomic status and race. A f ... Full text Cite

Hair Cortisol Concentrations in the Prediction of Early Substance Use Engagement in Youth.

Journal article Subst Use Misuse · 2025 OBJECTIVE: Understanding factors associated with early onset of substance use is critical as using alcohol or drugs at a young age is a strong predictor of later substance dependency. Experiencing stressful life events is associated with increased risk for ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent reports of subjective socioeconomic status: An adequate alternative to parent-reported objective and subjective socioeconomic status?

Journal article PloS one · January 2025 Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with well-being outcomes across studies; however, there is wide variation in its measurement, particularly in adolescence. One key difference in measures of SES concerns whether participants relay objective informat ... Full text Cite

Participation Reimagined: How Collaborative Messaging Shapes Anticipated Attitudes, Social Engagement, and Responsibility

Journal article Teaching of Psychology · January 1, 2025 Background: A recent theoretical paper advises instructors to redefine class participation as an opportunity for students to become collaborative thinkers. However, the effects of collaborative framing on students’ perceptions of class participation have y ... Full text Cite

My friends made me do it: Peer influences and different types of vaping in adolescence.

Journal article Addictive behaviors · December 2024 Vaping is one of the most common forms of substance use among adolescents. Social influences play a key role in the decision to use substances and frequency of use during adolescence, and vaping is no exception. Using a sample of 891 adolescents across two ... Full text Cite

Exposure to Peers’ Online Postings about Substances and Adolescents’ Substance Use: a Longitudinal Study

Journal article Journal of Child and Family Studies · December 1, 2024 Adolescents may be exposed to online content depicting substance use, raising the question of how exposure to others’ online substance use content relates to one’s own use. Additionally, it is of interest to explore how parental restrictive (i.e., media co ... Full text Cite

Adolescents' Digital Technology Use, Emotional Dysregulation, and Self-Esteem: No Evidence of Same-Day Linkages.

Journal article Affective science · December 2024 Concerns regarding the potential negative impacts of digital technology use on youth mental health and well-being are high. However, most studies have several methodological limitations: relying on cross-sectional designs and retrospective reports, assessi ... Full text Cite

Large-scale longitudinal analysis of the progression of alcohol use among members of a social media platform: an observational study.

Journal article The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · November 2024 Background: The large-scale identification of people at risk of transitioning from relatively lower-risk to higher-risk alcohol use (e.g. problem drinking) remains a public health challenge despite advances in the identification of risk and protecti ... Full text Cite

Measuring narrative identity: rater coding versus questionnaire-based approaches.

Journal article Memory (Hove, England) · August 2024 Narrative identity - how individuals narrate their lived and remembered past - is usually assessed via independent rater coding, but new methods relying on self-report have been introduced. To test the assumption that different methods assess aspects of th ... Full text Cite

The synergy between stress and self-compassion in building resilience: A 4-year longitudinal study

Journal article Social and Personality Psychology Compass · July 1, 2024 This 4-year prospective study investigated the dynamic relationship between stress, self-compassion, and resilience among university students, a population with increasing rates of mental health challenges. Drawing on stress theories, the research explored ... Full text Open Access Cite

Comparative assessment of the feasibility and validity of daily activity space in urban and non-urban settings.

Journal article PLoS One · 2024 Activity space research explores the behavioral impact of the spaces people move through in daily life. This research has focused on urban settings, devoting little attention to non-urban settings. We examined the validity of the activity space method, com ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol Use and Abstinence throughout Adolescence: The Changing Contributions of Perceived Risk of Drinking, Opportunities to Drink, and Self-Control.

Journal article Substance use & misuse · January 2024 Objective: Adolescence is characterized by psychosocial and cognitive changes that can alter the perceived risk of negative effects of alcohol, opportunities to drink, and self-control. Few studies have investigated whether these factors change in t ... Full text Cite

Adjusting to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States: The impact of disruptions on habits and changes in health behaviors.

Journal article Journal of health psychology · December 2023 The COVID-19 pandemic provides a naturalistic test of whether pandemic-related disruptions weaken habits and undermine behavior stability. We hypothesized that better capacity to effortfully guide behavior (self-regulation) would buffer this effect and be ... Full text Cite

Adolescents’ Perceived Changes in Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Father Internalizing Symptoms and Parent Support in Germany and Slovakia

Journal article Youth · October 24, 2023 This preregistered study examined the relation between adolescents’ perceived changes in internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and four different family and peer relationships in two countries. Using a bioecological framework, we inte ... Full text Cite

Pubertal timing moderates the same-day coupling between family hassles and negative affect in girls and boys.

Journal article Dev Psychopathol · October 2023 This study examined the association between pubertal timing, daily affect, conduct problems, and the exposure to hassles across family, peer, and school contexts. Adolescents (M age = 12.27; 49.7% female; 62.6% White) completed ecological momentary assessm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intellectual Humility and Responsiveness to Public Health Recommendations.

Journal article Personality and individual differences · September 2023 We examined the association between intellectual humility (IH)-a willingness to consider credible new information and alternative views and revise one's own views if warranted-and adherence to experts' health behavior recommendations in the U.S. during the ... Full text Cite

Narrative identity does not predict well-being when controlling for emotional valence.

Journal article Memory (Hove, England) · September 2023 Narrative identity refers to a person's internalized and evolving life story. It is a rapidly growing research field, motivated by studies showing a unique association with well-being. Here we show that this association disappears when controlling for the ... Full text Cite

Collective Views of Vaccination Predict Vaccine Hesitancy and Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine.

Journal article Social and personality psychology compass · August 2023 We examined the association between sociodemographic factors, views of vaccines as being an individual choice to protect oneself vs. a collective choice to protect others, general vaccine hesitancy, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In a sampl ... Full text Cite

Associations between COVID-19-related disruptions and psychological adjustment in a sample of young adults

Journal article Social and Personality Psychology Compass · July 1, 2023 We examined the relations between disruptions experienced by young adults in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic and their psychological adjustment. An online sample (N = 180, Mage = 24.8) reported on the impact of the pandemic on their living a ... Full text Cite

The association between evening social media use and delayed sleep may be causal: Suggestive evidence from 120 million Reddit timestamps.

Journal article Sleep medicine · July 2023 Public health officials and clinicians routinely advise social media users to avoid nighttime social media use due to the perception that this delays the onset of sleep and predisposes to the health risks of insufficient sleep. With some exceptions, the ev ... Full text Cite

Day-to-day variation in adolescent food insecurity.

Journal article Child Youth Serv Rev · June 2023 This study examined differences in both average and variability in daily adolescent food insecurity, by adolescents' levels of economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity. We used data from a 14-day ecological momentary assessment of 395 adolescents enrolled ... Full text Link to item Cite

Digital location tracking: A preliminary investigation of parents' use of digital technology to monitor their adolescent's location.

Journal article Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · June 2023 The emergence of digital technologies has changed the dynamic of parent-adolescent relationships. Parents can now use digital technologies to monitor their adolescent's physical location. Yet, to date, no known research has examined the extent to which dig ... Full text Cite

Use of Quantile Treatment Effects Analysis to Describe Antidepressant Response in Randomized Clinical Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration: A Secondary Analysis of Pooled Trial Data.

Journal article JAMA Netw Open · June 1, 2023 IMPORTANCE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global distress and disability. Earlier studies have indicated that antidepressant therapy confers a modest reduction in depressive symptoms on average, but the distribution of this reductio ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Questionable Practice of Partialing to Refine Scores on and Inferences About Measures of Psychological Constructs.

Journal article Annual review of clinical psychology · May 2023 Partialing is a statistical approach researchers use with the goal of removing extraneous variance from a variable before examining its association with other variables. Controlling for confounds through analysis of covariance or multiple regression analys ... Full text Cite

Longitudinal and daily associations between adolescent self-control and digital technology use.

Journal article Developmental psychology · April 2023 There is fear that adolescents have limited control over their digital technology use. The current research examines longitudinal (Study 1) and daily (Study 2) associations between U.S. adolescents' self-control and digital technological impairment and use ... Full text Cite

A synthesis and meta-analysis of the relationship between trait self-control and healthier practices in physical activity, eating, and sleep domains

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · April 1, 2023 This paper updates and extends prior work by meta-analyzing the fast-growing literature on the association between individual differences in trait self-control and multiple outcomes within the domains of physical activity, eating, and sleep. Random-effects ... Full text Cite

Digital daydreaming: Introducing the spontaneous smartphone checking scale

Journal article Applied Cognitive Psychology · January 1, 2023 Smartphones are a ubiquitous part of many people's lives, but little is known about their impact on everyday thought processes. Here we introduce the spontaneous smartphone checking scale (SSCS)—which measures the tendency to direct attention toward one's ... Full text Cite

Estimation of Bedtimes of Reddit Users: Integrated Analysis of Time Stamps and Surveys.

Journal article JMIR formative research · January 2023 BackgroundIndividuals with later bedtimes have an increased risk of difficulties with mood and substances. To investigate the causes and consequences of late bedtimes and other sleep patterns, researchers are exploring social media as a data sourc ... Full text Cite

Pre-pandemic activity on a myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome support forum is highly associated with later activity on a long COVID support forum for a variety of reasons: A mixed methods study.

Journal article PloS one · January 2023 Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID share some clinical and social characteristics. We predicted that this would lead to an increased interaction between pre-pandemic members of an ME/CFS online support community and a long C ... Full text Cite

Emerging Adults’ Exposure to and Postings About Substance Use on Social Media: An Observational Study

Journal article Emerging Adulthood · December 1, 2022 In a community sample of emerging adults (N = 232), this study (a) assessed participants’ exposure to and postings about alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana across social media platforms, (b) investigated how exposure to and posting about text ... Full text Cite

Distinct but correlated latent factors support the regulation of learned conflict-control and task-switching.

Journal article Cognitive psychology · June 2022 Cognitive control is guided by learning, as people adjust control to meet changing task demands. The two best-studied instances of "control-learning" are the enhancement of attentional task focus in response to increased frequencies of incongruent distract ... Full text Cite

Association of chronic non-cancer pain status and buprenorphine treatment retention among individuals with opioid use disorder: Results from electronic health record data.

Journal article Drug Alcohol Depend Rep · June 2022 BACKGROUND: Although chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is common among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), its impact on buprenorphine treatment retention is unclear. The goal of this study was to use electronic health record (EHR) data to examine the ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Navigating Still Waters of Infertility: Role of Goal Features in Coping with a Thwarted Goal.

Journal article International journal of behavioral medicine · April 2022 BackgroundThe infertility experience is often surrounded by frustration and discouragement associated with the thwarted goal to have a child. Though research has identified commonly used strategies to cope with infertility, this study is the first ... Full text Open Access Cite

Associations Between Adolescents' Daily Digital Technology Use and Sleep.

Journal article The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · March 2022 PurposeAlthough studies have found associations between greater digital technology use and poorer sleep health among adolescents, these studies typically rely on self-reported sleep and cross-sectional designs. This study applied an ecological mom ... Full text Cite

Relations between protective traits and psychological distress among women experiencing infertility.

Journal article Journal of health psychology · February 2022 The aim of this study was to examine the association between traits associated with adaptive self-management and psychological distress in women experiencing infertility. A sample of 326 women reported on their infertility experience; their tendencies with ... Full text Cite

Sensation seeking and its relationship with psychopathic traits, impulsivity and aggression: a validation of the Dutch Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS)

Journal article Psychiatry Psychology and Law · January 1, 2022 Sensation seeking is a personality trait that manifests as a preference for change, variety and novelty. Sensation seeking has been positively associated with different externalising behaviours. However, its associations with psychopathic traits, impulsivi ... Full text Cite

The Experience of Succeeding and Failing at Self-Control: A Qualitative Analysis.

Journal article Frontiers in psychology · January 2022 Despite the importance of emotions for learning and performance of future behaviors, few studies have attempted to qualitatively describe emotions that arise in response to self-control successes and failures. This study is the first qualitative analysis t ... Full text Cite

Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory: The Autobiographical Recollection Test Predicts Ratings of Specific Memories Across Cueing Conditions

Journal article Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · January 1, 2022 The Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART; Berntsen et al., 2019) measures individual differences in autobiographical memory. We here examined whether the ART correlates with characteristics of people’s specific autobiographical memories. Participants (N ... Full text Cite

Changes in Depressive Symptoms in Response to a Significant Stressor in College

Journal article International Journal of Community Well Being · December 1, 2021 Changes in depressive symptoms in response to the experience of a first high-impact stressor (i.e., a stressor rated as both very upsetting and very disruptive) in college were examined as an indicator of student resilience. Participants were 953 college u ... Full text Cite

The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project: Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned

Journal article International Journal of Community Well Being · December 1, 2021 The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project (SRWBP) was a collaborative effort to address concerns about college students’ resilience and well-being involving academic researchers and student affairs professionals at four private higher education institu ... Full text Open Access Cite

Correction to: The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project: Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned (International Journal of Community Well-Being, (2021), 4, 4, (669-690), 10.1007/s42413-021-00138-2)

Journal article International Journal of Community Well Being · December 1, 2021 In this article The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project Research Group3 members are (in alphabetical order by institution and last name) Lauren A. Stutts (Department of Health and Human Values, Davidson College); Steven R. Asher, Rick H. H ... Full text Cite

Flexibility in using self-regulatory strategies to manage self-control conflicts: The role of metacognitive knowledge, strategy repertoire, and feedback monitoring

Journal article European Journal of Personality · November 1, 2021 For regulating emotion, it has been shown that people benefit from being flexible in their use of emotion regulation strategies. In the current study, we built on research focused on regulatory flexibility with respect to emotions to investigate flexibilit ... Full text Cite

Additive or Multiplicative? Predicting Academic Outcomes from Self-Regulation and Context.

Journal article Personality and individual differences · September 2021 Many studies have documented the role of self-regulation in predicting academic outcomes. However, fewer have comprehensively measured self-regulation or considered it simultaneously with contextual variables to test formally the often-advanced "risk-buffe ... Full text Cite

Resisting, recognizing, and returning: A three-component model and review of persistence in episodic goals

Journal article Social and Personality Psychology Compass · January 1, 2021 According to prior work, persistent goal pursuit is a continuous process where persisting is a matter of resisting the urge to give up. In everyday goals, however, persistence is often episodic, and its causes are more complex. People pause and resume purs ... Full text Cite

Are Exclusive e-Cigarette Users Unique? Comparing Predictors of Exclusive e-Cigarette Use with Traditional Tobacco Use and Dual Use among U.S. Adolescents.

Journal article Substance use & misuse · January 2021 Background: As e-cigarette use rises among U.S. adolescents, the need to understand its risk factors becomes increasingly urgent. If the risk profile of adolescents who exclusively use e-cigarettes differs from those who use traditional tobacco prod ... Full text Cite

Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory: The Autobiographical Recollection Test Predicts Ratings of Specific Memories Across Cueing Conditions

Journal article Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · January 1, 2021 The Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART; Berntsen et al., 2019) measures individual differences in autobiographical memory. We here examined whether the ART correlates with characteristics of people's specific autobiographical memories. Participants (N ... Full text Cite

Young Adolescents' Digital Technology Use, Perceived Impairments, and Well-Being in a Representative Sample.

Journal article J Pediatr · April 2020 OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional associations between young adolescents' access, use, and perceived impairments related to digital technologies and their academic, psychological, and physical well-being. STUDY DESIGN: There were 2104 adolescents ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correction for Duckworth et al., Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success.

Journal article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · December 2019 Full text Cite

Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success.

Journal article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · November 2019 When predicting success, how important are personal attributes other than cognitive ability? To address this question, we capitalized on a full decade of prospective, longitudinal data from n = 11,258 cadets entering training at the US Military Acad ... Full text Cite

The Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART): A Measure of Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory.

Journal article Journal of applied research in memory and cognition · September 2019 We introduce the Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART) to examine individual differences in how well people think they remember personal events. The ART comprises seven theoretically motivated and empirically supported interrelated aspects of recollecti ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the Use of Commercially Available Wearable Wristbands to Capture Adolescents' Daily Sleep Duration.

Journal article Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · September 2019 Commercially available wearable devices are marketed as a means of objectively capturing daily sleep easily and inexpensively outside of the laboratory. Two ecological momentary assessment studies-with 120 older adolescents (aged 18-19) and 395 younger ado ... Full text Cite

Perceived social status and mental health among young adolescents: Evidence from census data to cellphones.

Journal article Dev Psychol · March 2019 Adolescents in the United States live amid high levels of concentrated poverty and increasing income inequality. Poverty is robustly linked to adolescents' mental health problems; however, less is known about how perceptions of their social status and expo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Grit as predictor of entrepreneurship and self-employment in Spain

Journal article Frontiers in Psychology · January 1, 2019 Extending the growing literature on the role of grit in different life domains, this research explores the relationship between grit and involvement in entrepreneurship. The research highlights the role of personal income and satisfaction with one's curren ... Full text Cite

Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of Event Scale: A systematic review.

Journal article · November 2018 The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) was introduced to examine the extent to which a traumatic or stressful event is perceived as central to an individual's identity and life story, and how this relates to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In a ... Full text Open Access Cite

The role of psychological science in efforts to improve cardiovascular medication adherence.

Journal article Am Psychol · November 2018 Poor adherence to cardiovascular disease medications carries significant psychological, physical, and economic costs, including failure to achieve therapeutic goals, high rates of hospitalization and health care costs, and incidence of death. Despite much ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The Brief Sensation-Seeking Scale: Latent Structure, Reliability, and Validity From a Sample of Youths At-Risk for Delinquency

Journal article Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · March 15, 2018 Sensation seeking is a robust predictor of a wide array of conduct problems that include juvenile delinquency and antisocial behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. The primary aim of the present study was to adapt the Brief Sensation-Seeking Sca ... Full text Cite

Development and validation of a Spanish version of the Grit-S Scale

Journal article Frontiers in Psychology · February 7, 2018 This paper describes the development and initial validation of a Spanish version of the Short Grit (Grit-S) Scale. The Grit-S Scale was adapted and translated into Spanish using the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pre-testing, and Documentation model an ... Full text Open Access Cite

Pessimistic expectations and poorer experiences: The role of (low) extraversion in anticipated and experienced enjoyment of social interaction.

Journal article PloS one · January 2018 Given research suggesting that social interactions are beneficial, it is unclear why individuals lower in extraversion engage less in social interactions. In this study, we test whether individuals lower in extraversion reap fewer hedonic rewards from soci ... Full text Cite

Violence exposure and adolescents' same-day obesogenic behaviors: New findings and a replication.

Journal article Soc Sci Med · September 2017 OBJECTIVE: To test whether exposure to violence is associated with same-day increases in obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents, including unhealthy food and beverage consumption, poor quality sleep, and lack of physical activity. METHODS: Young at-r ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive and Interpersonal Features of Intellectual Humility.

Journal article Personality & social psychology bulletin · June 2017 Four studies examined intellectual humility-the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs might be wrong. Using a new Intellectual Humility (IH) Scale, Study 1 showed that intellectual humility was associated with variables related to openness, c ... Full text Open Access Cite

Knowing what you know: Intellectual humility and judgments of recognition memory

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2016 This study examined the relationship between recognition memory and intellectual humility, the degree to which people recognize that their personal beliefs are fallible. Participants completed the General Intellectual Humility Scale, an incidental old/new ... Full text Open Access Cite

Holding specific views with humility: Conceptualization and measurement of specific intellectual humility

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2016 Although significant progress has been made in the conceptualization and measurement of intellectual humility, little is known about intellectual humility with respect to specific opinions, beliefs, and positions. We offer a conceptualization of specific i ... Full text Cite

On the (In)Validity of Tests of Simple Mediation: Threats and Solutions

Journal article Social and Personality Psychology Compass · March 1, 2016 Mediation analysis is a popular framework for identifying underlying mechanisms in social psychology. In the context of simple mediation, we review and discuss the implications of three facets of mediation analysis: (a) conceptualization of the relations b ... Full text Open Access Cite

Sample Size Considerations in Prevention Research Applications of Multilevel Modeling and Structural Equation Modeling.

Journal article Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · October 2015 When the goal of prevention research is to capture in statistical models some measure of the dynamic complexity in structures and processes implicated in problem behavior and its prevention, approaches such as multilevel modeling (MLM) and structural equat ... Full text Cite

Maximizing the Yield of Small Samples in Prevention Research: A Review of General Strategies and Best Practices.

Journal article Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · October 2015 The goal of this manuscript is to describe strategies for maximizing the yield of data from small samples in prevention research. We begin by discussing what "small" means as a description of sample size in prevention research. We then present a series of ... Full text Cite

First on the List: Effectiveness at Self-Regulation and Prioritizing Difficult Exercise Goal Pursuit

Journal article Self and Identity · May 4, 2015 Identifying and understanding the goal pursuit strategies that distinguish effective self-regulators from less-effective self-regulators are important for elucidating how individuals achieve their goals. We suggest that the timing of plans for difficult go ... Full text Cite

Perceived cannabis use norms and cannabis use among adolescents in the United States.

Journal article J Psychiatr Res · May 2015 Due to changes in cannabis policies, concerns about cannabis use (CU) in adolescents have increased. The population of nonwhite groups is growing quickly in the United States. We examined perceived CU norms and their association with CU and CU disorder (CU ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A framework for evaluating and enhancing alignment in self-regulated learning research

Journal article Metacognition and Learning · April 1, 2015 We discuss the articles of this special issue with reference to an important yet previously only implicit dimension of study quality: alignment across the theoretical and methodological decisions that collectively define an approach to self-regulated learn ... Full text Cite

Self-focused attention in anorexia nervosa.

Journal article Int J Eat Disord · January 2015 OBJECTIVE: The clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by preoccupation with body experience, intrusive concerns regarding shape, and pathological fears of weight gain. These symptoms are suggestive of unrelenting self-focused atten ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Nonparametric, Multiple Imputation-Based Method for the Retrospective Integration of Data Sets.

Journal article Multivariate behavioral research · January 2015 Complex research questions often cannot be addressed adequately with a single data set. One sensible alternative to the high cost and effort associated with the creation of large new data sets is to combine existing data sets containing variables related t ... Full text Cite

Nonmedical stimulant use among young Asian-Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals aged 12-34 years in the United States.

Journal article J Psychiatr Res · December 2014 There are concerns over nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among youths, but little is known about the extent of use among young Asian-Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHs/PIs), and mixed-race individuals-the fastest growing segments o ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Narrative centrality and negative affectivity: independent and interactive contributors to stress reactions.

Journal article Journal of experimental psychology. General · June 2014 Reactions to stressful negative events have long been studied using approaches based on either the narrative interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual. Here, we integrate these 2 approaches by using individual-differences measures of both ... Full text Open Access Cite

Self-Control and Forgiveness: A Meta-Analytic Review

Journal article Social Psychological and Personality Science · January 1, 2014 In the 12 years since scholars first investigated the link between self-control and forgiveness (Finkel & Campbell, 2001), the literature investigating this relation has grown rapidly. The present article reports a meta-analytic review of this link across ... Full text Cite

Characterizing weekly self-reported antihypertensive medication nonadherence across repeated occasions.

Journal article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2014 BACKGROUND: Little is known about weekly variability in medication nonadherence both between and within persons. PURPOSE: To characterize medication nonadherence across repeated, closely spaced occasions. METHODS: This prospective cohort study comprised fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

In response.

Journal article Med Care · May 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Initial validation of a self-report measure of the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence.

Journal article Med Care · December 2012 BACKGROUND: Self-report measures of medication nonadherence confound the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence. Each construct is assessed with a different type of psychometric model, which dictates how to establish reliability and validity. OB ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peace and war: trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in Afghanistan.

Journal article · December 2012 In the study reported here, we examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 746 Danish soldiers measured on five occasions before, during, and after deployment to Afghanistan. Using latent class growth analysis, we identified six trajectories ... Full text Open Access Cite

The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5HTTLPR) moderates the effect of adolescent environmental conditions on self-esteem in young adulthood: a structural equation modeling approach.

Journal article Biol Psychol · September 2012 Here we examine the effects of both self-reported and independent observer-reported environmental risk indices, the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR) polymorphism, and their interaction on self-esteem. This trait was assessed during early and m ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Parenting styles and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood.

Journal article Health Psychol · July 2012 OBJECTIVE: Parenting styles such as authoritarian, disengaged, or permissive are thought to be associated with greater adolescent obesity risk than an authoritative style. This study assessed the relationship between parenting styles and changes in body ma ... Full text Link to item Cite

The regulatory easy street: Self-regulation below the self-control threshold does not consume regulatory resources

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · June 1, 2012 We present and test a theory in which self-control is distinguished from broader acts of self-regulation when it is both effortful and conscious. In two studies, we examined whether acts of behavioral management that do not require effort are exempt from r ... Full text Cite

Differential predictability of four dimensions of affect intensity.

Journal article · 2012 Individual differences in affect intensity are typically assessed with the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM). Previous factor analyses suggest that the AIM is comprised of four weakly correlated factors: Positive Affectivity, Negative Reactivity, Negative Int ... Full text Open Access Cite

Brief report of a test of differential alcohol risk using sibling attributions of paternal alcoholism.

Journal article Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · November 2011 ObjectiveParental alcoholism is generally found to be a strong predictor of alcohol misuse. Although the majority of siblings agree on the presence of parental alcohol issues, there is a significant minority who do not.MethodThe current s ... Full text Cite

A self-regulatory mechanism for personality trait stability: Contra-trait effort

Journal article Social Psychological and Personality Science · July 1, 2011 Despite the considerable influence of situational factors and the resulting variability in behavior, individuals maintain stable average ways of acting. The purpose of the current research was to investigate one possible explanation for this stability. It ... Full text Cite

Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence.

Journal article J Clin Epidemiol · March 2011 OBJECTIVE: Medication nonadherence is a significant clinical problem in chronic disease management. Self-report measures have inadequate reliability and poor distributional properties. We demonstrate how two fundamental measurement issues have limited the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Response to authors

Journal article Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · March 1, 2011 Full text Cite

Compensating, resisting, and breaking: a meta-analytic examination of reactions to self-esteem threat.

Journal article Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · February 2011 Much research has identified how people react to receiving threatening information about the self. The purpose of this article is to discuss such experiences in the context of a model of state self-esteem regulation. The authors propose that people engage ... Full text Cite

Academic-contingent self-worth and the social monitoring system

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · January 1, 2011 Previous research suggests that individuals closely monitor information about their own social standing, particularly when their social value is threatened. We posit that information perceived as most relevant to social relationships is particularly monito ... Full text Cite

On improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence

Journal article Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · 2011 Cite

Predictors of nonmedical ADHD medication use by college students.

Journal article J Atten Disord · May 2010 OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of nonmedical ADHD medication use by college students. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 843 undergraduates attending one public or one private university in southeastern United States. METHOD: Students completed a Web-based su ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three Approaches to Using Lengthy Ordinal Scales in Structural Equation Models: Parceling, Latent Scoring, and Shortening Scales.

Journal article Applied psychological measurement · March 2010 Lengthy scales or testlets pose certain challenges for structural equation modeling (SEM) if all the items are included as indicators of a latent construct. Three general approaches (parceling, latent scoring, and shortening) to modeling lengthy scales in ... Full text Cite

Regulatory accessibility and social influences on state self-control.

Journal article Personality & social psychology bulletin · February 2010 The current work examined how social factors influence self-control. Current conceptions of state self-control treat it largely as a function of regulatory capacity. The authors propose that state self-control might also be influenced by social factors bec ... Full text Cite

Preface

Journal article Handbook of Personality and Self Regulation · January 15, 2010 Full text Cite

Personality and Self-Regulation

Journal article · January 15, 2010 Full text Cite

Use of a structural equation model for prediction of pain symptoms in patients with orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders.

Journal article Journal of orofacial pain · January 2010 AimsTo develop and test a biopsychosocial model using structural equation modeling for predicting orofacial pain symptoms in a sample of patients with masticatory muscle pain (MMP).MethodsData were collected from clinic records of 251 adu ... Cite

Contingent self-worth and social information processing: Cognitive associations between domain performance and social relations

Journal article Social Cognition · December 1, 2009 The purpose of the research was to investigate the social information processing patterns of individuals with domain-contingent self-worth. We proposed that individuals with domain-contingent self-worth would associate cognitions about outcomes in that dom ... Full text Cite

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a clinically depressed adolescent sample.

Journal article Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53 · November 2009 The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CNCEQ) were examined with 427 adolescents ages 12 to 18 (193 boys) with current major depressive disorder. Results of confirmatory factor analysis su ... Full text Cite

Motives and perceived consequences of nonmedical ADHD medication use by college students: are students treating themselves for attention problems?

Journal article J Atten Disord · November 2009 OBJECTIVE: This study examines why college students without a prescription take ADHD medication, what they perceive the consequences of this to be, and whether attention problems are associated with this behavior. METHOD: More than 3,400 undergraduates att ... Full text Link to item Cite

The dysfunctional attitudes scale: psychometric properties in depressed adolescents.

Journal article J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol · November 2009 The psychometric properties and factor structure of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale were examined in a sample of 422 male and female adolescents (ages 12-17) with current major depressive disorder. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (alpha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cognitive measures of adolescent depression: unique or unitary constructs?

Journal article J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol · November 2009 The factor structure of several self-report questionnaires assessing depression-relevant cognitions frequently employed in clinical research was examined in a sample of 390 adolescents (M age = 14.54; 216 girls; 74% Caucasian) with current major depressive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Self-reported ADHD and adjustment in college: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings.

Journal article J Atten Disord · November 2009 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between self-reported ADHD and college adjustment. PARTICIPANTS: Study 1 included nearly 3400 undergraduates attending a public and private university. Study 2 included 846 students who participated during freshman and ... Full text Link to item Cite

The misuse and diversion of prescribed ADHD medications by college students.

Journal article J Atten Disord · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the misuse and diversion of prescribed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications. METHOD: One hundred fifteen students, attending two universities, with prescriptions for ADHD medications completed a Web sur ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Self-Absorption Scale: Reliability and validity in non-clinical samples

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · December 1, 2008 The lack of a measure of self-absorption, an excessive, sustained, and rigid focus on the self, has limited progress in research on the role of attentional processes in psychopathology. We describe the development of a measure of self-absorption that yield ... Full text Cite

Adjustment to college in students with ADHD.

Journal article J Atten Disord · May 2008 OBJECTIVE: To examine college adjustment in students reporting an ADHD diagnosis and the effect of medication treatment on students' adjustment. METHOD: 1,648 first-semester freshmen attending a public and a private university completed a Web-based survey ... Full text Link to item Cite

Possible selves as behavioral standards in self-regulation

Journal article Self and Identity · May 1, 2008 We investigated a potential mechanism by which possible selves affect behavior by considering them in the context of control-process models of self-regulation. After a hoped-for or feared self in the health domain was made salient, participants were provid ... Full text Cite

Five-year trajectories of social networks and social support in older adults with major depression.

Journal article Int Psychogeriatr · December 2007 BACKGROUND: Research with nondepressed adults suggests that social networks and social support are stable over the life course until very late age. This may not hold true for older adults with depression. We examined baseline status and trajectories of soc ... Full text Link to item Cite

The reliability and validity of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8) with young adult Latino workers: implications for tobacco and alcohol disparity research.

Journal article Addiction (Abingdon, England) · October 2007 AimThis study investigated the reliability and validity of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8) in both English and Spanish with Latinos, the fastest-growing minority group in the United States, and the correlation between sensation seeking ... Full text Cite

Effects of the Office of National Drug Control Policy's Marijuana Initiative Campaign on high-sensation-seeking adolescents.

Journal article American journal of public health · September 2007 ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of the Marijuana Initiative portion of the Office of National Drug Control Policy's National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on high-sensation-seeking and low-sensation-seeking adolescents.MethodsPersonal ... Full text Cite

Personality and self-regulation: trait and information-processing perspectives.

Journal article Journal of personality · December 2006 This article introduces the special issue of Journal of Personality on personality and self-regulation. The goal of the issue is to illustrate and inspire research that integrates personality and process-oriented accounts of self-regulation. The article be ... Full text Cite

Future orientation in the self-system: possible selves, self-regulation, and behavior.

Journal article Journal of personality · December 2006 Possible selves are representations of the self in the future. Early theoretical accounts of the construct suggested that possible selves directly influence motivation and behavior. We propose an alternative view of possible selves as a component in self-r ... Full text Cite

The perils of partialling: cautionary tales from aggression and psychopathy.

Journal article Assessment · September 2006 Although a powerful technique, the partialling of independent variables from one another in the context of multiple regression analysis poses certain perils. The present article argues that the most important and underappreciated peril is the difficulty in ... Full text Cite

A transactional model of parent-infant interactions in alcoholic families.

Journal article Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · December 2004 This study examined the transactional nature of parent-infant interactions over time among alcoholic and nonalcoholic families. The sample consisted of 222 families assessed at 12, 18, and 24 months of child age. Results indicated that infant behavior did ... Full text Cite

Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large-scale surveys.

Journal article Drug and alcohol dependence · December 2003 Sensation seeking is central to research on the prevention of risky health behaviors, but current measures of sensation seeking are fairly long, thereby reducing their chances of inclusion in some research projects. Hence, we developed and evaluated two br ... Full text Cite

Associations between message features and subjective evaluations of the sensation value of antidrug public service announcements

Journal article Journal of Communication · September 1, 2003 The effective targeting of high sensation-seeking adolescents, who are most at risk for drug abuse, requires the creation of high sensation value messages. Whereas previous research has focused on subjective reactions of receivers as the primary way to def ... Full text Cite

Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking

Journal article Personality and Individual Differences · February 1, 2002 We developed a self-report measure of sensation seeking, a dispositional risk factor for various problem behaviors. In two studies, we administered the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) to more than 7000 adolescents. Study 1 participants completed a pap ... Full text Cite

Predictors of exposure from an antimarijuana media campaign: outcome research assessing sensation seeking targeting.

Journal article Health communication · January 2002 Using data from a large-scale antimarijuana media campaign, this investigation examined the demographic and psychographic variables associated with exposure to public service announcements designed to target high sensation-seeking adolescents. The literatu ... Full text Cite

Evaluation of the All Stars character education and problem behavior prevention program: effects on mediator and outcome variables for middle school students.

Journal article Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · October 2001 The effects of All Stars, a character education and problem behavior prevention program, on variables theorized to mediate problem behaviors and on the problem behavior variables of substance use, sexual behavior, and violence among middle school students ... Full text Cite

Television campaigns and adolescent marijuana use: tests of sensation seeking targeting.

Journal article American journal of public health · February 2001 ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effectiveness of targeted televised public service announcement campaigns in reducing marijuana use among high-sensation-seeking adolescents.MethodsThe study used a controlled interrupted time-series des ... Full text Cite

Analyzing data from individuals in groups: The past, the present, and the future

Journal article Group Dynamics · January 1, 2001 Research on group processes published in the social psychological literature over a 15-year period was examined to evaluate the impact of published critiques and recommendations by methodologists concerning the effects of nonindependence of observations on ... Full text Cite

Personality processes and problem behavior.

Journal article Journal of personality · December 2000 This article introduces the special issue of Journal of Personality on personality and problem behavior. There is growing evidence that various dimensions of personality are associated with a broad range of problem behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, s ... Full text Cite

Personality and sexual risk taking: a quantitative review.

Journal article Journal of personality · December 2000 Findings from a quantitative review of the empirical research literature on normal personality and sexual risk taking are reported. The review focuses on domains identified in major models of normal personality representing the psychobiological and taxonom ... Full text Cite

Effect of private self-awareness on negative affect and self-referent attribution: A quantitative review

Journal article Personality and Social Psychology Review · January 1, 2000 A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of private self-awareness on negative affect and attributions of responsibility to the self. Results of studies manipulating self-awareness using stimuli such as a mirror and studies employing the private ... Full text Cite

Sensation seeking and drug use by adolescents and their friends: models for marijuana and alcohol.

Journal article Journal of studies on alcohol · September 1999 ObjectiveTo investigate the prospective influence of individual adolescents' sensation seeking tendency and the sensation seeking tendency of named peers on the use of alcohol and marijuana, controlling for a variety of interpersonal and attitudin ... Full text Cite

Short-term effects of an anti-marijuana media campaign targeting high sensation seeking adolescents

Journal article Journal of Applied Communication Research · January 1, 1999 Sensation seeking, a biologically-based personality variable, is strongly related to both drug use and preferences for highly novel, arousing, and/or unconventional messages and TV programs. This connection is the basis of a targeting strategy in an anti-m ... Full text Cite

Dispositional envy

Journal article Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1999 Although many scholars have argued that individual differences in proneness to envy can have wide-ranging implications for social interactions, the empirical testing of these claims is largely undeveloped. We created a single-factor Dispositional Envy Scal ... Full text Cite

A design-sensitive adjustment to the parsimony ratio for evaluating omnibus fit of structural equation models

Journal article Journal of Experimental Education · January 1, 1998 In response to Marsh and Hau’s (1996) recent article on the potential for inferential errors when parsimony is rewarded in the evaluation of overall fit of structural equation models, Hoyle proposes a design-sensitive adjustment to the standard parsimony r ... Full text Cite

The role of parental involvement in youth sport participation and performance.

Journal article Adolescence · January 1997 This research examined the association of parental involvement, both parental support and parental pressure, with enjoyment, performance, self-esteem, and other characteristics of young tournament tennis players. Male and female players (median age = 13 ye ... Cite

Latent variable models of need for uniqueness

Journal article Multivariate Behavioral Research · November 4, 1996 The theory of uniqueness has been invoked to explain attitudinal and behavioral nonconformity with respect to peer-group, social-cultural, and statistical norms, as well as the development of a distinctive view of self via seeking novelty goods, adopting n ... Full text Cite

Young athletes' perceptions of parental support and pressure

Journal article Journal of Youth and Adolescence · April 1, 1995 Individual participation in athletics was examined as a representative achievement-oriented activity in which perceived parental support and pressure influence adolescents' perceptions of themselves and their performance. Adolescent tennis players attendin ... Full text Cite

Introduction to the special section: structural equation modeling in clinical research.

Journal article Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · June 1994 Clinical research hypotheses are becoming increasingly more complex and specific. As a result, clinical research studies often include multiple independent, intervening, and dependent variables in a single study. Nevertheless, a sampling of studies from 3 ... Full text Cite

Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structural equation models: a conceptual overview.

Journal article Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · June 1994 Structural equation modeling is a comprehensive, flexible approach to research design and data analysis. Although in recent years there has been phenomenal growth in the literature on technical aspects of structural equation modeling, relatively little att ... Full text Cite

Use of Individual-Level data to investigate group phenomena issues and strategies

Journal article Small Group Research · January 1, 1994 Researchers who investigate group phenomena can choose either the group as a whole or individuals within groups as a basis for formulating research questions, developing datagathering strategies, and conducting statistical analyses. This article considers ... Full text Cite

Efficacy of abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training: a quantitative review of behavioral medicine research.

Journal article Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · December 1993 A quantitative review was undertaken of recent research in which abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training (APRT) was used as an intervention for psychophysiological and stress-related disorders. The strength of association between APRT and outcom ... Full text Cite

Development of level of institutionalization scales for health promotion programs.

Journal article Health education quarterly · January 1993 This study was conducted to test an instrument for measuring the level of institutionalization (LoIn) of health promotion programs. Institutionalization occurs when a program becomes an integral part of an organization, and the LoIn instrument is a beginni ... Full text Cite

Response to the commentary

Journal article Health Education Behavior · January 1, 1993 Full text Cite

Development of level of institutionalization scales for health promotion programs.

Journal article Health Education Quarterly · 1993 This study was conducted to test an instrument for measuring the level of institutionalization (LoIn) of health promotion programs. Institutionalization occurs when a program becomes an integral part of an organization, and the LoIn instrument is a beginni ... Cite

On the Relation Between Data and Theory

Journal article American Psychologist · January 1, 1993 Full text Cite

Self-esteem, evaluative feedback, and preacquaintance attraction: Indirect reactions to success and failure

Journal article Motivation and Emotion · June 1, 1992 Two experiments were conducted to investigate the indirect reactions of high-and low-self-esteem persons to evaluative feedback. Indirect reactions are defined as reactions to evaluative feedback directed toward individuals or mechanisms not associated wit ... Full text Cite

Latent Structure of Self-Monitoring

Journal article Multivariate Behavioral Research · July 1, 1991 Although the construct of self-monitoring has assumed a central role in the description and explanation of human social behavior, there is considerable disagreement about the performance of the Self-Monitoring Scale, the primary instrument for measuring in ... Full text Cite

Evaluating measurement models in clinical research: covariance structure analysis of latent variable models of self-conception.

Journal article Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · February 1991 Indirect measures of psychological constructs are vital to clinical research. On occasion, however, the meaning of indirect measures of psychological constructs is obfuscated by statistical procedures that do not account for the complex relations between i ... Full text Cite

Clinical rheumatology training of primary care physicians: the resident perspective.

Journal article The Journal of rheumatology · May 1990 Because nonspecialized physicians provide care for the vast majority of patients with rheumatic disorders, we surveyed 327 internal medicine and family medicine residents with respect to the nature of their training in rheumatology. Although most internal ... Cite

Perceived cohesion: A conceptual and empirical examination

Journal article Social Forces · January 1, 1990 Most existing measures of cohesion attempt to objectively measure cohesion while neglecting individual group members' perceptions of their cohesion to a particular group. We propose that group members' perceptions of cohesion are important for the behavior ... Full text Cite

Individual-Group Discontinuity as a Function of Fear and Greed

Journal article Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1990 Two studies tested the schema-based distrust interpretation of the tendency of intergroup relations to be more noncooperative (or competitive) than interindividual relations. According to this interpretation, anticipated competitiveness rationally leads to ... Full text Cite

Interpersonal attraction and descriptions of the traits of others: Ideal similarity, self similarity, and liking

Journal article Journal of Research in Personality · January 1, 1990 In two studies, we examined the relationship between perceptions of self similarity, ideal similarity, and liking. In Study 1, a nonexperimental study, we asked subjects for self descriptions, ideal descriptions, and descriptions of a number of liked and n ... Full text Cite

Individual-group discontinuity: The role of a consensus rule

Journal article Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1988 The present experiment examined the conditions necessary for the creation of psychologically real groups (entitativity). Stated differently, the experiment examined the conditions required to make an aggregate of three individuals separately interact with ... Full text Cite

Students' Goal Orientations and Cognitive Engagement in Classroom Activities

Journal article Journal of Educational Psychology · January 1, 1988 We used structural equation analysis to test the validity of a goal mediational model for conceptualizing the influence of individual and situational variables on students' cognitive engagement in science activities. Fifth- and sixth-grade students (N = 27 ... Full text Cite

Individual versus group discontinuity: The role of intergroup contact

Journal article Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1987 Following earlier demonstrations of more competitiveness between groups than between individuals in the context of a PDG matrix, two additional conditions were studied. These were a group-all condition in which the intergroup contact involved all the membe ... Full text Cite