Scholars@Duke
Roarke Horstmeyer

Roarke Horstmeyer

Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
roarke.w.horstmeyer@duke.edu
Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0548
Fitzpatrick Center (CIEMAS) Room 2569, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27701
Office hours

Scholarly Works - Conferences

Real-time 3D reconstruction and display of synchronized Fourier lightfield video for novel microsurgical applications

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · March 6, 2026 Quantitative 3D imaging can supplement qualitative stereoscopic depth cues in microsurgical settings. Real-time feedback of quantitative 3D information is also important for applications in robotic surgery. Extending previous work on FiLMScope, we introduc ... Full text Cite

Extremely high-Throughput quantitative phase imaging of live-cells with a multi-camera array microscope

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · March 5, 2026 Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) of live-cells delivers improved label-free contrast and enhanced cell phenotype analysis; however, live-cell QPI is difficult for many biologists to implement due to the complexity and limited throughput of current QPI base ... Full text Cite

Development of skin-integrated melanoma organoids to study the tumor microenvironment-mediated mechanisms of melanoma progression and metastasis in vitro.

Conference Journal of Clinical Oncology · June 1, 2025 e21547Background: Resistance to targeted therapies remains a challenge in metastatic melanoma. The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences cancer progression and drug resistance, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, the lack of human in vitro ... Full text Cite

Efficient signal extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy with SPAD arrays at low photon regimes

Conference Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics Microscopy 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics 2024 Translational Microscopy Oct Ots Brain Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 SPAD arrays have shown potential for improving SNR for diffuse correlation spectroscopy in low photon regimes. Here, we will explore different methods of integrating parallelized DCS signals in such regimes for deep blood flow extraction. ... Cite

Efficient signal extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy with SPAD arrays at low photon regimes

Conference Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy, OT and S 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics 2024, Translational, Microscopy, OCT, OTS, BRAIN - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 SPAD arrays have shown potential for improving SNR for diffuse correlation spectroscopy in low photon regimes. Here, we will explore different methods of integrating parallelized DCS signals in such regimes for deep blood flow extraction. ... Cite

Micro-camera Arrays for Ultra-widefield, Multi-site Cellular Resolution Calcium Imaging Across the Dorsal Cortex of Behaving Mice

Conference Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics 2024, Translational, Microscopy, OCT, OTS, BRAIN - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 Here, we introduce a miniaturized multi camera microscope that can simultaneously capture cellular resolution neural activity from multiple large fields of view of the cortex in a freely moving mouse. ... Cite

Efficient signal extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy with SPAD arrays at low photon regimes

Conference Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics 2024, Translational, Microscopy, OCT, OTS, BRAIN - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 SPAD arrays have shown potential for improving SNR for diffuse correlation spectroscopy in low photon regimes. Here, we will explore different methods of integrating parallelized DCS signals in such regimes for deep blood flow extraction. ... Cite

Efficient signal extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy with SPAD arrays at low photon regimes

Conference Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy Ot and S 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics 2024 Translational Microscopy Oct Ots Brain Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 SPAD arrays have shown potential for improving SNR for diffuse correlation spectroscopy in low photon regimes. Here, we will explore different methods of integrating parallelized DCS signals in such regimes for deep blood flow extraction. ... Full text Cite

Micro-camera Arrays for Ultra-widefield, Multi-site Cellular Resolution Calcium Imaging Across the Dorsal Cortex of Behaving Mice

Conference Optics and the Brain Brain 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics 2024 Translational Microscopy Oct Ots Brain Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress Biomedical Optics · January 1, 2024 Here, we introduce a miniaturized multi camera microscope that can simultaneously capture cellular resolution neural activity from multiple large fields of view of the cortex in a freely moving mouse. ... Full text Cite

Semi-Supervised Virtual Staining for High-Throughput and Label-Free Histopathology

Conference Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Pacific Rim CLEO PR 2024 in Proceedings 2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Pacific Rim CLEO PR · January 1, 2024 Virtual staining techniques now enable the transformation of label-free images into clinically standard stained images; however, the extensive costs and time requirements of labelled dataset generation impede its widespread use in clinical settings. We pro ... Cite

High-throughput imaging across multiple spatial scales with the multi-camera array microscope (MCAM)

Conference Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2023 “Anyone who uses a microscope has likely noticed the limitation of the trade-off between the field of view and the resolution”.1 To acquire highly resolved images at large fields of view, existing techniques typically record sequential images at ... Full text Cite

Computational 3D surface microscopy from terabytes of data with a self-supervised reconstruction algorithm

Conference Imaging Systems and Applications in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023 · January 1, 2023 We present a computational 3D profilometric microscope employing an array of 54 cameras and 3-axis scanning to produce multi-TB datasets per sample. Using stereo and sharpness cues, our self-supervised reconstruction algorithm generates 6-gigapixel reconst ... Full text Cite

Computational 3D surface microscopy from terabytes of data with a self-supervised reconstruction algorithm

Conference Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023 · January 1, 2023 We present a computational 3D profilometric microscope employing an array of 54 cameras and 3-axis scanning to produce multi-TB datasets per sample. Using stereo and sharpness cues, our self-supervised reconstruction algorithm generates 6-gigapixel reconst ... Full text Cite

Anisotropic intensity diffraction tomography

Conference Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023 · January 1, 2023 We present a new non-scanning technique to reconstruct tomographic permittivity metrics of anisotropy samples from polarized intensity measurements. We apply the method to image both calibration targets and 3D tissue samples. ... Full text Cite

Multi-scale speckle-plethysmography with a multi-camera array microscope

Conference Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023 · January 1, 2023 We present a high spatial resolution speckle-plethysmography (SPG) system with 0.3 gigapixels per snapshot, using a recently developed parallelized array microscope. We demonstrate an SPG video monitoring physarum cytoplasmic streaming through a thin scatt ... Full text Cite

Fourier Ptychographic Iterative Engine Based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers with Anisotropic Total-Variation Regularization

Conference Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023 · January 1, 2023 We propose an ADMM-based phase retrieval algorithm for FP that utilizes anisotropic total variation regularization for the object function and L2 regularization for pupil functions. All our results in simulation and real experiments demonstrate that our al ... Full text Cite

Fourier Light Field Camera Array Microscope for Mesoscale 3D Imaging

Conference 3D Image Acquisition and Display Technology Perception and Applications in Proceedings Optica Imaging Congress 3D Cosi Dh Flatoptics is Pcaop 2023 · January 1, 2023 We present the Fourier Light field Camera Array Microscope (FL-CAM) for high-throughput, single-snapshot 3D imaging. The FL-CAM substitutes a synchronized array of 48 independent imaging systems for micro-lens array of typical light field systems. ... Full text Cite

Speckle contrast diffuse correlation spectroscopy with parallelized single photon detection

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2022 We present a 32 × 32 SPAD array-based speckle contrast diffuse correlation analysis method, which allows monitoring fast decorrelating deep tissue dynamics using a long source-detector separation. ... Cite

Parallelized 16-gigapixel microscopy for rapid imaging of multiple whole slides

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2022 We present a new multi-camera array microscope (MCAM) that can capture images at single micrometer resolution over 54 cm2 fields of view, which contain up to 16 gigapixels, and associated software for seamless viewing and analysis. ... Cite

Gigapixel-per-second, wide-field 3D topographic imaging with physics-supervised learning

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2022 We present a new interleaved multi-camera microscope architecture and a physics-supervised multi-ocular stereo neural network that enable simultaneous photometric and 3D topographic imaging of freely-moving organisms over 135 cm2 at throughputs ... Cite

Tensorial tomographic differential phase-contrast microscopy

Conference IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography Iccp 2022 · January 1, 2022 We report Tensorial Tomographic Differential Phase-Contrast microscopy (T2DPC), a quantitative label-free tomographic imaging method for simultaneous measurement of phase and anisotropy. T2DPC extends differential phase-contrast microscopy, a quantitative ... Full text Cite

High throughput acquisition and analysis of bacterial colony features using gigapixel microscopy

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2021 We utilize Gigapixel microscopy to quantify morphological features in bacterial colonies across multi-well plates. This system augments high-throughput assays by synchronously capturing valuable phenotypic information and is demonstrated here in an acquisi ... Cite

Rapid imaging of deep-tissue motion with parallelized diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2021 We present a highly parallelized approach to diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) using a 32 × 32 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, which allows imaging dynamic scattering events buried deep within tissue phantom at a 2.5Hz frame rate without r ... Cite

Mesoscopic photogrammetry with an unstabilized phone camera

Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · January 1, 2021 We present a feature-free photogrammetric technique that enables quantitative 3D mesoscopic (mm-scale height variation) imaging with tens-of-micron accuracy from sequences of images acquired by a smartphone at close range (several cm) under freehand motion ... Full text Cite

Physics-Enhanced Machine Learning for Virtual Fluorescence Microscopy

Conference Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision · January 1, 2021 This paper introduces a new method of data-driven microscope design for virtual fluorescence microscopy. We use a deep neural network (DNN) to effectively design optical patterns for specimen illumination that substantially improve upon the ability to infe ... Full text Cite

Fast sensitive diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a SPAD array

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2020 We develop a highly parallelized DCS system using a 32 × 32 single-photon avalanche diode array, and demonstrate its sensitivity improvement in a DMD-based phantom study and an in vivo forehead blood flow experiment. ... Full text Cite

Classifying decorrelation events hidden beneath scattering media via SPAD array detection

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2020 We present a technique to detect and classify different spatiotemporal dynamic events within thick (5mm) and rapidly decorrelating (10-4s) scattering media using a SPAD array and an unsupervised deep embedding algorithm. ... Cite

Towards a vectorial treatment of Fourier ptychographic microscopy

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2020 We present a new imaging technique that captures and reconstructs the complex-valued polarization-dependent properties of a sample in a Jones matrix formalism at an extended resolution through the acquisition of multiple intensity-only measurements. ... Cite

Imaging the behavior and neural activity of freely moving organisms with a gigapixel microscope

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2019 We present a micro-camera array microscope that images at cellular-level detail across hundreds of square centimeters. We demonstrate how this microscope can image the behavior and fluorescent neural activity of freely swimming zebrafish ... Full text Cite

Depth tracking using a multi-aperture microscope

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2019 We present a multi-aperture gigapixel microscope that is capable of imaging a 600cm2 area at 10 micrometer resolution and can simultaneously track the depth of objects within the scene. We demonstrate this capability by tracking freely swimming ... Full text Cite

Dictionary-based phase retrieval for space-time super resolution using lens-free on-chip holographic video

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2017 We propose a dictionary-based phase retrieval approach for monitoring in vivo biological samples based on lens-free on-chip holographic video. Our results present a temporal increase of 9× with 4×4 sub-sampling. ... Full text Cite

High-speed holographic imaging using compressed sensing and phase retrieval

Conference Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017 Digital in-line holography serves as a useful encoder for spatial information. This allows three-dimensional reconstruction from a two-dimensional image. This is applicable to the tasks of fast motion capture, particle tracking etc. Sampling high resolutio ... Full text Cite

Volumetric phase imaging using Fourier ptychography

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2016 Fourier ptychography uses angularly varying illumination and post-processing algorithms to create gigapixel images. Here, we extend this work to measure the 3D refractive index profile of thick specimens at high resolution. ... Full text Cite

Physically secure and fully reconfigurable data storage using optical scattering

Conference Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Host 2015 · June 29, 2015 This paper presents an optical method of storing random cryptographic keys within a reconfigurable volume of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). We suggest a PDLC-based device that functions as an integrated optical physical unclonable function (PUF). ... Full text Cite

Modeling extensions of fourier ptychographic microscopy

Conference Microscopy and Microanalysis · August 1, 2014 Full text Cite

A model for ultrasound modulated light in a turbid medium

Conference Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE · March 12, 2014 The ability to focus light in most tissue degrades quickly with depth due to high optical scattering. Researchers have investigated using both ultrasound (US) and light synergistically to overcome this difficulty. Ultrasound has been utilized to modulated ... Full text Cite

Secure storage of cryptographic keys within random volumetric materials

Conference CLEO Applications and Technology CLEO at 2013 · November 19, 2013 We present a device to optically access gigabits of random keys stored within an object's microscopic randomness. We demonstrate how this device may allow two parties to securely communicate without digitally saving any sensitive information. © OSA 2013. ... Cite

Fourier ptychographic microscopy: A method for pushing standard microscope beyond its physical limitations

Conference Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACP · January 1, 2013 I will report a method termed Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM), that effectively transforms a 2X standard microscope into a general microscope with 20X resolution and a field-of-view of ∼120 mm2. © OSA 2013. ... Cite

Secure storage of cryptographic keys within random volumetric materials

Conference 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics CLEO 2013 · January 1, 2013 We present a device to optically access gigabits of random keys stored within an object's microscopic randomness. We demonstrate how this device may allow two parties to securely communicate without digitally saving any sensitive information. © 2013 The Op ... Full text Cite

Fourier ptychographic microscopy: A method for pushing standard microscope beyond its physical limitations

Conference Asia Communications and Photonics Conference ACP · January 1, 2013 I will report a method termed Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM), that effectively transforms a 2X standard microscope into a general microscope with 20X resolution and a field-of-view of ∼120 mm2. © OSA 2013. ... Full text Cite

Markov speckle for efficient random bit generation.

Conference Optics express · November 2012 Optical speckle is commonly observed in measurements using coherent radiation. While lacking experimental validation, previous work has often assumed that speckle's random spatial pattern follows a Markov process. Here, we present a derivation and experime ... Full text Cite

Partially coherent ambiguity functions for depth-variant point spread function design

Conference Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium · December 26, 2011 The ambiguity function (AF) provides a convenient way to model how a camera with a modified aperture responds to defocus. We use the AF to design an optimal aperture distribution, which creates a depth-variant point spread function (PSF) from a sparse set ... Cite

Validity of Wigner distribution function for ray-based imaging

Conference 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography Iccp 2011 · May 23, 2011 In this work we provide an introduction to the Wigner Distribution Function (WDF) using geometric optics principles. The WDF provides a useful model of wave-fields, allowing simulation of diffraction and interference effects. We attempt to explain these Fo ... Full text Cite

Alternative Models of the Rotating Beam

Conference Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging · 2011 Full text Cite

Creating aperture masks in phase space

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · December 1, 2010 The Wigner distribution is used to model the PSF of an aperture mask at different defocus planes. Algorithmic methods of determining an optimal mask pattern for a desired set of impulse responses are investigated. ©2010 Optical Society of America. ... Cite

Dual-band imaging system based on a compact coaxial folded optic architecture

Conference Optics InfoBase Conference Papers · December 1, 2009 We present an unconventional coaxial architecture for simultaneous acquisition of images in two discrete spectral bands. The approach is realized by taking advantage of a novel annular folded lens design previously developed under the DARPA/MONTAGE program ... Cite

Modified light field architecture for reconfigurable multimode imaging

Conference Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2009 Light field cameras can simultaneously capture the spatial location and angular direction of light rays emanating from a scene. By placing a variable bandpass filter in the aperture of a light field camera, we demonstrate the ability to multiplex the visib ... Full text Cite

Flexible multimodal camera using a light field architecture

Conference 2009 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography Iccp 09 · December 1, 2009 We present a modified conventional camera that is able to collect multimodal images in a single exposure. Utilizing a light field architecture in conjunction with multiple filters placed in the pupil plane of a main lens, we are able to digitally reconstru ... Full text Cite

Dual-band imaging system based on a compact coaxial folded optic architecture

Conference Optics Infobase Conference Papers · January 1, 2009 We present an unconventional coaxial architecture for simultaneous acquisition of images in two discrete spectral bands. The approach is realized by taking advantage of a novel annular folded lens design previously developed under the DARPA/MONTAGE program ... Full text Cite

Pupil plane multiplexing for multi-domain imaging sensors

Conference Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering · September 29, 2008 We describe an approach to polarimetric imaging based on a unique folded imaging system with an annular aperture. The novelty of this approach lies in the system's collection architecture, which segments the pupil plane to measure the individual polarimetr ... Full text Cite