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Sandra Kikano

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, Cardiology

Scholarly Works - Journal articles


Impact of gestational age of onset of fetal atrial restriction on postnatal outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Journal article Cardiol Young · May 21, 2026 BACKGROUND: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who develop a restrictive atrial septum prenatally have higher rates of postnatal mortality compared to those without atrial restriction. It is not understood whether the gestational age at which re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of acute rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplant.

Journal article J Heart Lung Transplant · May 2024 BACKGROUND: In pediatric heart transplant (PHT), cardiac catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is standard for diagnosing acute rejection (AR) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) but is costly and invasive. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the abili ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative Morbidity and Interstage Hemodynamics Following Stage I Palliation in Patients with Turner Syndrome and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Journal article Pediatr Cardiol · February 2024 BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with left-sided cardiac lesions, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Mortality as high as 80-90% has been reported following stage I single-ventricle palliation (S1P) in patients with TS and HLHS ... Full text Link to item Cite

A rare case of isolated right atrial enlargement and TBX5 mutation associated with Holt-Oram syndrome.

Journal article Prenat Diagn · July 2023 Holt-Oram syndrome or atriodigital dysplasia is commonly associated with cardiac malformations, most often with defects of the muscular septum. We describe the case of a fetus referred for fetal cardiology evaluation in the setting of right atrial enlargem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reference data for left ventricular filling and atrial function in children using cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Journal article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · June 12, 2023 BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is associated with morbidity and mortality in multiple pediatric disease processes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides a non-invasive method of studying left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction through the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of cardiovascular magnetic resonance diastolic indices with arrhythmia in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

Journal article Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · March 2023 BackgroundPatients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) experience a high burden of long-term morbidity, particularly arrhythmias. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is routinely used to assess ventricular characteristics but the relation ... Full text Cite

Association between nitric oxide synthase 3 genetic variant and acute kidney injury following pediatric cardiac surgery.

Journal article American heart journal · December 2022 BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) complicates 30% to 50% of cardiac surgeries in pediatric patients. Genetic variants that affect renal blood flow and inflammation have been associated with AKI after cardiac surgery in diverse populations of adu ... Full text Cite

Precision Medicine in Pediatric Cardiology.

Journal article Pediatric annals · October 2022 Precision medicine is a developing strategy for individualized treatment of a wide range of diseases. Congenital heart disease is the most common of all congenital defects and carries a high degree of variability in outcomes because of unidentified causes. ... Full text Cite

Transient fetal atrioventricular block: A series of four cases and approach to management.

Journal article J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol · October 2022 INTRODUCTION: Fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) is a failure of conduction from atria to ventricles. Immune- and nonimmune-mediated forms occur, especially in association with congenital heart disease. Second-degree (2°) AVB may be reversible with dexamet ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Association of Fetal Congenital Cardiac Defects and Placental Vascular Malperfusion.

Journal article Pediatr Dev Pathol · 2021 OBJECTIVES: Abnormal early angiogenesis appears to impact both placental disorders and fetal congenital heart defects (CHD). We sought to assess the association of placental perfusion defects (PPD) and fetal (CHD). METHODS: Singleton pregnancies with isola ... Full text Link to item Cite

Appropriate use of echocardiography for palpitations in paediatric cardiology clinics.

Journal article Cardiology in the young · January 2021 ObjectivesIdentify diagnostic yield and frequency of echocardiograms for palpitation-related indications at outpatient paediatric cardiology clinics in relation to the 2014 ACC/AAP/AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE appropriate use criteria for Initi ... Full text Cite

Serial block face-scanning electron microscopy: a method to study retinal degenerative phenotypes.

Journal article Curr Protoc Mouse Biol · December 11, 2014 Retinal degenerative conditions can vary in their clinical features and often present with subtle phenotypic features before the onset of clinically overt disease. To capture these isolated events that precipitate disease, large representative areas of the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sequencing from dried blood spots in infants with "false positive" newborn screen for MCAD deficiency.

Journal article Mol Genet Metab · January 2013 BACKGROUND: Newborn screening (NBS) for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), one of the most common disorders identified, uses measurement of octanoylcarnitine (C8) from dried blood spots. In the state of Ohio, as in many places, primary ... Full text Link to item Cite