Scholars@Duke
Scott Farrell Gallagher

Scott Farrell Gallagher

Associate Professor of Surgery
Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery
scott.f.gallagher@duke.edu
3320 Executive Dr, Suite 218, MOB3, Raleigh, NC 27609
3320 Executive Dr, Suite 218, MOB3, Raleigh, NC 27609

Scholarly Works - Journal articles

Unbuckled and unprotected: The deadly cost of no seatbelt law in New Hampshire.

Journal article J Trauma Acute Care Surg · July 1, 2026 BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to be a leading cause of death in the United States, although broad adoption of seatbelt use has markedly reduced fatality. New Hampshire remains the only state without a mandatory adult seatbelt law and ha ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Associated With Complications and Increased Length of Stay After Bariatric Surgery in Pediatric Patients.

Journal article J Surg Res · June 2026 INTRODUCTION: Roughly one in five adolescents have obesity in the United States. As this population continues to grow, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) may provide a definitive long-term weight loss solution. We aim to describe the current trends of p ... Full text Link to item Cite

State-level COVID-19 lockdown stringency associated with increases in motor-vehicle mortality rates.

Journal article J Safety Res · December 2025 BACKGROUND: Motor-vehicle collision fatalities increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but significant variation existed between states. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between state-level COVID ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dads also matter: paternal and maternal factors associated with infant injury mortality.

Journal article Inj Prev · November 27, 2025 BACKGROUND: Despite advances in injury prevention, trauma remains a leading cause of infant mortality in the USA. This study sought to compare maternal characteristics with paternal risk factors for injury-related mortality for infants. METHODS: Data were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Factors Influencing End-of-Life Decisions in Cancer Patients After Traumatic Injuries.

Journal article J Surg Res · August 2025 INTRODUCTION: Severe traumatic injuries are frequently associated with poor outcomes, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) after traumatic brain injury is common. However, the association between WLST and pre-existing cancer in all trauma pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trauma, Gender, and End-of-Life Care: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study Analyzing Disparities in Withdrawal of Life Support.

Journal article J Surg Res · July 2025 INTRODUCTION: Men are known to have more severe injuries at younger ages compared to women. However, the relationship between gender and other sociodemographic factors in the context of end-of-life care after traumatic injuries is not well understood. METH ... Full text Link to item Cite

Age-Related Vulnerability to Malnutrition-Related Mortality: Younger Patients are at Risk.

Journal article J Surg Res · February 2025 INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition among older adults continues to be a prevalent health concern. While literature has highlighted an increased risk of malnutrition mortality for adults older than 65 y, the age threshold at which malnutrition effects survival and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disparities and Differential Allocation of Nutritional Therapies

Journal article Current Surgery Reports · September 1, 2024 Purpose of Review: Disparities in malnutrition often exist prior to hospitalization or illness. These disparities may compound unjust negative health outcomes. This review discusses disparities seen in those diagnosed with malnutrition as well as describes ... Full text Cite

Systematic Literature Review of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures for Caregivers of Older Adult Trauma Patients.

Journal article J Surg Res · May 2024 INTRODUCTION: As the older adult population increases, hospitals treat more older adults with injuries. After leaving, these patients suffer from decreased mobility and independence, relying on care from others. Family members often assume this responsibil ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development of a prospective biliary dashboard to compare performance and surgical cost.

Journal article Surg Endosc · November 2023 BACKGROUND: Transparency around surgeon level data may align healthcare delivery with quality care for patients. Biliary surgery includes numerous procedures performed by both general surgeons and subspecialists alike. Cholecystectomy is a common surgical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Optimal Nutrition in the Older Adult: Beneficial Versus Ineffective Supplements.

Journal article Curr Nutr Rep · June 2023 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Proper nutrition in older adults is essential, as nutritional deficiencies are common in this population. This review aims to summarize the benefits and risks of nutritional supplementation in the older adult population including the eff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eleventh International Women in Surgery Career Symposium, February 14-16, 2020 Sand Key Resort, Clearwater Florida.

Journal article Am Surg · January 2022 Surgery, society, and the world are ever changing. The role of women in surgery is changing too and changing fast. For many women, this change is too slow, too fast, too disruptive, too confusing, and too dependent on others. A symposium such as this helps ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of malnutrition via modified GLIM criteria for in patients undergoing emergent gastrointestinal surgery.

Journal article Clin Nutr · March 2021 BACKGROUND: Malnutrition remains a critical public health issue in the US, particularly in surgery where perioperative malnutrition is commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated. In 2016, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a set ... Full text Link to item Cite

Classification of acute pancreatitis--2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus.

Journal article Gut · January 2013 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis enabled standardised reporting of research and aided communication between clinicians. Deficiencies identified and improved understanding of the disease make a revision necessary. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Consensus statement of the consortium for LESS cholecystectomy.

Journal article Surg Endosc · October 2012 Many surgeons attempting Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) cholecystectomy have found the operation difficult, which is inconsistent with our experience. This article is an attempt to promote a standardized approach that we feel surgeons with laparoscop ... Full text Link to item Cite

Postoperative Hypoxemia And Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Bariatric Surgical Patients

Journal article Journal of Surgical Research · February 2011 Full text Cite

Postoperative hypoxemia: common, undetected, and unsuspected after bariatric surgery.

Journal article J Surg Res · April 2010 BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing gastric bypass are at greater than ordinary risk for postoperative respiratory insufficiency, presumably related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). This study was proposed to quantify th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of staple height on gastrojejunostomy during laparoscopic gastric bypass: a multicenter prospective randomized trial.

Journal article Surg Obes Relat Dis · 2010 BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and anastomotic stricture are frequent complications associated with the construction of the gastrojejunostomy during laparoscopic gastric bypass. Staplers with shorter staple height can reduce the rate of postope ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current management of adrenal tumors.

Journal article Curr Opin Oncol · January 2008 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adrenal tumors evoke considerable interest and diagnostic challenges. This rare group of tumors includes functional tumors with a gamut of clinical presentations, as well as adrenocortical carcinoma, with its advanced disease at presenta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in adrenalectomy rates, indications, and physician volume: A statewide analysis of 1816 adrenalectomies.

Journal article Surgery · December 2007 BACKGROUND: Adrenalectomy rates seem to be increasing in Florida, possibly due to increased availability of laparoscopic adrenalectomy, identification of incidentalomas, and access to care for minorities. We hypothesized that the rate of adrenalectomies in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Morbidity of anastomotic leaks in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Journal article Arch Surg · October 2007 OBJECTIVE: To document the effect of anastomotic leaks on morbidity and mortality after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for obesity. DESIGN: Prospectively collected data on 840 consecutive patients who underwent RYGB between 1998 and 2005. Multivariate log ... Full text Link to item Cite

Protein kinase C-zeta is critical in pancreatitis-induced apoptosis of Kupffer cells.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · October 2007 Protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta) regulates cell death via NF-kappaB; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that PKC-zeta plays a critical role in pancreatitis-induced Kupffer cell apoptosis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by cerulein injection 24 h l ... Full text Link to item Cite

A state-wide review of contemporary outcomes of gastric bypass in Florida: does provider volume impact outcomes?

Journal article Ann Surg · May 2007 OBJECTIVES: To report contemporary outcomes of gastric bypass for obesity and to assess the relationship between provider volume and outcomes. BACKGROUND: Certain Florida-based insurers are denying patients access to bariatric surgery because of alleged hi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Objective evidence that bariatric surgery improves obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea.

Journal article Surgery · March 2007 BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with obesity. Our aim in this study is to report objective improvement of obesity-related OSA and sleep quality after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Prospective bariatric patients were referred for polys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bariatric surgery improves urinary incontinence in morbidly obese individuals.

Journal article Surg Obes Relat Dis · 2007 BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is common in obese individuals. We report on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and the effect of surgically induced weight loss on urinary incontinence. METHODS: The prospective ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does experience preclude leaks in laparoscopic gastric bypass?

Journal article Surg Endosc · November 2006 BACKGROUND: Improved outcomes of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) have been demonstrated once pratice has moved beyond the learning curve. However, there is no evidence that experience has a favorable impact on the incidence of leaks. This stu ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of p65 NF-kappaB/RelA in pancreatitis-induced Kupffer cell apoptosis.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · June 2006 Acute pancreatitis induces liver injury by upregulating Kupffer cell-derived Fas/FasL; on the other hand, acute pancreatitis induces apoptosis of Kupffer cells via NF-kappaB-dependent pathways. The balance between upregulation of Fas/FasL and Fas/FasL-indu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spectrum and treatment of small bowel obstruction after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Journal article Surg Obes Relat Dis · 2006 BACKGROUND: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a well-recognized complication of bariatric surgery. Many factors that play a role in the etiology of SBO affect the presentation, timing, and treatment after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We reviewed our exp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictive factors of thromboembolic events in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Journal article Surg Obes Relat Dis · 2006 BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major risk factor for postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Identifying those patients at the greatest risk for DVT/PE is essential to prevent thromboembolic events among patients undergoing Roux-e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Amelioration of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for clinically significant obesity.

Journal article Am Surg · November 2005 Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are frequent in patients with clinically significant obesity and are reported to improve after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The purpose of this study is to determine timing and duration of improvement ... Link to item Cite

Operative technique for converting a failed vertical banded gastroplasty to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Journal article J Am Coll Surg · September 2005 BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgeons are increasingly encountering patients with failed weight-loss operations. Conversion from vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common revisional operation in our practice. We revi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fas/FasL play a central role in pancreatitis-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · April 2005 Liver injury is a clinical prognostic indicator in acute pancreatitis (AP). We have demonstrated that Kupffer cell-derived FasL mediates liver injury during AP and sought to determine its role in AP-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. AP was induced in National ... Full text Link to item Cite

Failure of Medicare health maintenance organizations to control the cost of colon resections in elderly patients.

Journal article Arch Surg · December 2004 HYPOTHESIS: Medicare health maintenance organizations (HMOs) do not reduce the cost of colon resections in elderly patients. DESIGN: Review of prospectively collected and mandatory reported Florida hospital discharge data from January 1, 1995, through Dece ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of incidental ovarian tumors in patients undergoing gastric bypass.

Journal article Obes Surg · October 2004 BACKGROUND: Ovarian disease is common in obese women and is usually not screened during routine preoperative evaluation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Consequently, surgeons may encounter previously undiagnosed adnexal tumors during bariatric op ... Full text Link to item Cite

Kupffer cell-derived Fas ligand plays a role in liver injury and hepatocyte death.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · February 2004 Liver injury is an important prognostic indicator during acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Fas ligand (FasL) in hepatocyte injury. Liver parenchymal enzymes were measured in cocultures of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Anastomotic leaks after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Journal article Obes Surg · 2004 The gastrojejunostomy may be the most technically challenging step when performing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Patients who develop anastomotic leaks have increased morbidity and mortality rates. Difficulty in diagnosis is related to nonspecific ... Full text Link to item Cite

Technical considerations for transabdominal loading of the circular stapler in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Journal article Am J Surg · June 2003 BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is being undertaken with increasing frequency. We describe a technique for introducing the anvil of the circular stapler using a totally transabdominal approach. METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients un ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of bariatric surgery on the Veterans Administration healthcare system: a cost analysis.

Journal article Obes Surg · April 2003 BACKGROUND: The economic burden of caring for veterans with clinically severe obesity and its comorbidities is straining the Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare system. The authors determined the cost of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGBP) in the VA's sin ... Full text Link to item Cite

The role of cardiac morbidity in short- and long-term mortality in injured older patients who survive initial resuscitation.

Journal article Am J Surg · February 2003 BACKGROUND: Elderly patients are an increasingly larger group of injured trauma care patients. Comorbidities influence outcome. Little is known of short- and long-term mortality in the elderly who survive initial resuscitation. METHODS: Short- and long-ter ... Full text Link to item Cite

Who should be doing laparoscopic bariatric surgery?

Journal article Obes Surg · February 2003 BACKGROUND: The training and credentialing of surgeons for laparoscopic bariatric surgery is controversial. We sought to determine if there is an association between surgeons' practice and choice of open or laparoscopic bariatric surgery. METHODS: Members ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastric bypass is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with clinically significant obesity.

Journal article Obes Surg · February 2003 BACKGROUND: We have demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in 60% of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A study was conducted to determine whether weight loss following bariatric surgery ameliorates OSA. METHODS: All 100 consecuti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regulation of Kupffer cell TNF gene expression during experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and NF-kappaB.

Journal article J Gastrointest Surg · January 2003 We have demonstrated that Kupffer cell-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediates pancreatitis-associated liver injury. The aim of this study was to determine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular stress-related kinase 1/ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is bariatric surgery safe in academic centers?

Journal article Am Surg · September 2002 Contemporary outcomes of bariatric surgery are not well defined. Our aim was to document the outcomes of bariatric surgery on the basis of surgeon caseload and affiliation. We analyzed prospectively collected Florida-wide hospital discharge data. Forty-fou ... Link to item Cite

Male breast carcinoma: correlation of ER, PR, Ki-67, Her2-Neu, and p53 with treatment and survival, a study of 65 cases.

Journal article Mod Pathol · August 2002 Male breast cancer is rare, and experience of it in any single institution is limited. Our current understanding regarding its biology, natural history, and treatment strategies has been extrapolated from its female counterpart. The aim of this study is to ... Full text Link to item Cite