Scholars@Duke
Jason Eric Stout

Jason Eric Stout

Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Infectious Diseases
stout002@mc.duke.edu
Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
181 Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710

Featured Works

Predictors of latent tuberculosis treatment initiation and completion at a U.S. public health clinic: a prospective cohort study.

Journal article BMC Public Health · June 21, 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key component in U.S. tuberculosis control, assisted by recent improvements in LTBI diagnostics and therapeutic regimens. Effectiveness of LTBI therapy, however, is limited by patients' wil ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Strategies for treating latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis: a decision analysis.

Journal article PLoS One · 2012 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis infection remains unclear. In anticipation of future clinical trials, we modeled the expected performance of six potential regimens for treatment of latent multiple-drug resi ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Geographic information system-based screening for TB, HIV, and syphilis (GIS-THIS): a cross-sectional study.

Journal article PLoS One · 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and case detection rate of a geographic information systems (GIS)-based integrated community screening strategy for tuberculosis, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Feasibility and willingness-to-pay for integrated community-based tuberculosis testing.

Journal article BMC Infect Dis · November 2, 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Community-based screening for TB, combined with HIV and syphilis testing, faces a number of barriers. One significant barrier is the value that target communities place on such screening. METHODS: Integrated testing for TB, HIV, and syphilis wa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Pedicure-associated rapidly growing mycobacterial infection: an endemic disease.

Journal article Clin Infect Dis · October 2011 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Pedicure-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial furunculosis has been reported in the setting of either outbreaks or sporadic case reports. The epidemiology of these infections is not well understood. METHODS: Systematic surveillance for pedic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Did the 'Great Recession' produce a depression in tuberculosis incidence?

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · May 2011 Featured Publication In 2009, the United States experienced a record drop in its tuberculosis (TB) case rate, coinciding with a major economic downturn. To investigate this relationship, we modeled short-term changes in gross domestic product, unemployment, and immigration as ... Full text Link to item Cite

Discriminating between latent and active tuberculosis with multiple biomarker responses.

Journal article Tuberculosis (Edinb) · May 2011 Featured Publication We sought to identify biomarker responses to tuberculosis specific antigens which could 1) improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and 2) allow the differentiation of active and latent infections. Seventy subjects with active tuberculosis (N = 12), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Text messaging for enhancement of testing and treatment for tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis: a survey of attitudes toward cellular phones and healthcare.

Journal article Telemed J E Health · April 2011 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding healthcare-related mobile phone use and text messaging among persons at risk for or infected with tuberculosis (TB) or the human immunodeficiency virus (H ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality before or during treatment among tuberculosis patients in North Carolina, 1993-2003.

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · February 2011 Featured Publication SETTING: North Carolina, United States. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with death among tuberculosis (TB) patients in North Carolina. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of all TB patients reported in North Caroli ... Link to item Cite

Potential economic viability of two proposed rifapentine-based regimens for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal article PLoS One · 2011 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Rifapentine-based regimens for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are being considered for future clinical trials, but even if they prove effective, high drug costs may limit their economic viability. OBJECTIVES: To inform clinical tr ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

It is better to light a candle ... than to repeat the opinions of experts.

Journal article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · October 1, 2010 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Pairing QuantiFERON gold in-tube with opt-out HIV testing in a tuberculosis contact investigation in the Southeastern United States.

Journal article AIDS Patient Care STDS · September 2010 Featured Publication Knowing one's HIV status is particularly important in the setting of recent tuberculosis (TB) exposure. Blood tests for assessment of tuberculosis infection, such as the QuantiFERON Gold in-tube test (QFT; Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia), ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Aspergillus niger: an unusual cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Journal article J Med Microbiol · July 2010 Featured Publication Infections due to Aspergillus species cause significant morbidity and mortality. Most are attributed to Aspergillus fumigatus, followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. Aspergillus niger is a mould that is rarely reported as a cause of pneumo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Influence of M. tuberculosis lineage variability within a clinical trial for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Journal article PLoS One · May 20, 2010 Featured Publication Recent studies suggest that M. tuberculosis lineage and host genetics interact to impact how active tuberculosis presents clinically. We determined the phylogenetic lineages of M. tuberculosis isolates from participants enrolled in the Tuberculosis Trials ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Effect of improving the quality of radiographic interpretation on the ability to predict pulmonary tuberculosis relapse.

Journal article Acad Radiol · February 2010 Featured Publication RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Chest radiographic findings are important for diagnosis and management of tuberculosis. The reliability of these findings is therefore of interest. We sought to describe interobserver reliability of chest radiographic findings in ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-specific health care utilization and mortality among tuberculosis/HIV coinfected persons.

Journal article AIDS Patient Care STDS · October 2009 Featured Publication Persons coinfected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are at high risk of death, in part due to suboptimal utilization of HIV-specific health care. We sought to better understand HIV-associated health care utilization and mortality in a retrospective cohort of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Persistent eosinophilia and Strongyloides infection in Montagnard refugees after presumptive albendazole therapy.

Journal article Am J Trop Med Hyg · August 2009 Featured Publication Chronic helminth infections are common in refugee populations and may persist years after immigration. Asymptomatic Strongyloides stercoralis infection raises particular concern because of its potential for complications in immunosuppressed patients. We ex ... Link to item Cite

Costs and cost-effectiveness of four treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · June 1, 2009 Featured Publication RATIONALE: Isoniazid given daily for 9 months is the standard treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), but its effectiveness is limited by poor completion rates. Shorter course regimens and regimens using directly observed therapy result in impr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal article Pharmacotherapy · May 2009 Featured Publication STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of therapeutic drug monitoring for adjusting low serum antimycobacterial concentrations in patients with both tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. DA ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.

Journal article J Infect · May 2009 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Excess alcohol use represents a significant challenge in tuberculosis control. Whether alcohol use enhances transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not known. METHODS: We analyzed North Carolina, USA surveillance data for all adult (>14 y ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mortality and time to extubation in severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Journal article Am J Infect Control · March 2009 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: This study examined predictors of in-hospital mortality and time to extubation among patients with acute, severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Patients with HAP prospectively identified bet ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alcohol use and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.

Journal article J Infect · November 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: Excess alcohol use represents a significant challenge in tuberculosis control. Whether alcohol use enhances transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not known. METHODS: We analyzed North Carolina, USA surveillance data for all adult (> 14 ... Full text Link to item Cite

The value of end-of-treatment chest radiograph in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis relapse.

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · September 2008 Featured Publication SETTING: Patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on baseline chest radiograph (CXR) who remain culture-positive after 8 weeks of treatment are at high risk of relapse. The role of end-of-treatment (EOT) CXR in predicting relapse is unclear. OBJE ... Link to item Cite

Association between 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer sequence groups of Mycobacterium avium complex and pulmonary disease.

Journal article J Clin Microbiol · August 2008 Featured Publication Organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) may have differential virulence. We compared 33 subjects with MAC pulmonary disease to 75 subjects with a single positive culture without disease. M. avium isolates were significantly more likely to be ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predicting tuberculosis: does the IGRA tell the tale?

Journal article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · May 15, 2008 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and foreign birth in North Carolina, 1993 - 2006.

Journal article BMC Public Health · April 4, 2008 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: The proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) reported in the United States has been gradually increasing. HIV infection and foreign birth are increasingly associated with tuberculosis and understanding their effect on the clinical prese ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cavitary pulmonary disease.

Journal article Clin Microbiol Rev · April 2008 Featured Publication A pulmonary cavity is a gas-filled area of the lung in the center of a nodule or area of consolidation and may be clinically observed by use of plain chest radiography or computed tomography. Cavities are present in a wide variety of infectious and noninfe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among North Carolinians at increased risk of infection.

Journal article N C Med J · 2008 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to capture and describe knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about tuberculosis (TB) among persons at high risk for TB infection. METHODS: We conducted 11 focus groups in 3 different populations at high risk for TB inf ... Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin.

Journal article Clin Infect Dis · February 15, 2007 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation and management of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Journal article Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther · December 2006 Featured Publication Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens increasingly associated with chronic pulmonary disease. NTM are environmental saprophytes found in soil, dust and water and, unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis, NTM are not transmitted from person to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tuberculosis knowledge and attitudes among physicians who treat young children in North Carolina, USA.

Journal article Int J Tuberc Lung Dis · July 2006 Featured Publication SETTING: North Carolina, USA. OBJECTIVE: To understand physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward the treatment of young children with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in a low-incidence region. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of 525 pediatricians and 5 ... Link to item Cite

Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric tuberculosis in North Carolina.

Journal article Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · June 2006 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: To investigate an increase in active pediatric tuberculosis (TB) cases in North Carolina from 9 cases in 2001 to 32 cases in 2002, and to pilot test a screening tool for detection of latent TB infection in children. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort ... Full text Link to item Cite

Current issues in global tuberculosis control.

Journal article Int J Infect Dis · November 2005 Featured Publication Despite attempts to standardize tuberculosis (TB) control strategies, there remains wide variation in the selection and implementation of control strategies within and among nations. Some of this variation is appropriate; based on wide variations in the av ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for ineffective therapy in patients with bloodstream infection.

Journal article Arch Intern Med · February 14, 2005 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Infections occurring among outpatients having recent contact with the health care system have been termed health care-associated infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of health care-associated status on effectiveness ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of rifampin and pyrazinamide for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.

Journal article Expert Opin Drug Saf · May 2004 Featured Publication A 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) became an accepted alternative for treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) after initial studies in HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated safety and efficacy. Once this alternative came into widespread us ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study.

Journal article Infection · April 2004 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Based on previous studies, enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) is considered a unimicrobial, community-acquired disease of older Caucasian men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between enterococcal bacteremia and IE by c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis.

Journal article Am J Respir Crit Care Med · March 15, 2003 Featured Publication An alternative regimen for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide, but some patients have died of hepatitis associated with this therapy. One hundred fourteen patients received rifampin/pyrazinamide in Wake ... Full text Link to item Cite

Health care--associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections.

Journal article Ann Intern Med · November 19, 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections occurring in persons residing in the community, regardless of whether those persons have been receiving health care in an outpatient facility, have traditionally been categorized as community-acquired infections. OBJECTIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reactivation of retinal toxoplasmosis despite evidence of immune response to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Journal article Clin Infect Dis · August 15, 2002 Featured Publication We report a case of retinal toxoplasmosis that occurred in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had a previous diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, despite the patient having had a robust immune response to highly active antiretroviral the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus testing among patients with tuberculosis in North Carolina.

Journal article South Med J · February 2002 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is recommended for all patients with tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: Surveillance data for all reported cases of TB in North Carolina from 1993 to 1999 were examined to assess HIV testing practices. RESULT ... Link to item Cite

Hospital management of tuberculosis in a region with a low incidence of tuberculosis and a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

Journal article Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol · November 2001 Featured Publication We prospectively assessed the management of patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) in an area with a high prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and a low incidence of TB. Clinicians' assessments were sensitive for TB but had poor predictive va ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mycobacterium bovis peritonitis mimicking ovarian cancer in a young woman.

Journal article Clin Infect Dis · August 15, 2001 Featured Publication We describe a 27-year-old woman with peritonitis due to Mycobacterium bovis that initially appeared to be ovarian cancer. Clinicians should include this disease in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer and should consider laparoscopic diagnosis in t ... Full text Link to item Cite